WO2018184352A1 - 车辆多能源供给系统及方法、太阳能汽车 - Google Patents

车辆多能源供给系统及方法、太阳能汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018184352A1
WO2018184352A1 PCT/CN2017/101480 CN2017101480W WO2018184352A1 WO 2018184352 A1 WO2018184352 A1 WO 2018184352A1 CN 2017101480 W CN2017101480 W CN 2017101480W WO 2018184352 A1 WO2018184352 A1 WO 2018184352A1
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Prior art keywords
module
vehicle
battery
solar
output
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PCT/CN2017/101480
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
明巧红
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东汉新能源汽车技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2018184352A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018184352A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L8/00—Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • B60L8/003—Converting light into electric energy, e.g. by using photo-voltaic systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of vehicle energy, and in particular to a vehicle multi-energy supply system and method, and a solar vehicle.
  • New energy vehicles refer to vehicles that use unconventional vehicle fuels as a power source, integrated advanced technologies in power control and driving, and have advanced technology, new technologies and new structures.
  • New energy vehicles include four types, namely hybrid electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles (including solar vehicles), fuel cell electric vehicles, and other new energy sources (such as high-efficiency energy storage).
  • Solar energy is one of the cleanest energy sources. With the decreasing fossil fuels, solar energy has become an important part of human energy use, and it has been continuously developed. Vehicles using solar energy as power will not pollute the environment, compared with traditional heat-driven vehicles. Can achieve true zero emissions. However, due to the weak and unstable solar radiation intensity, coupled with low conversion efficiency, solar cells on automobiles are mostly used as supplementary energy sources. In many cases, automotive electrical appliances still need to rely on the energy storage of generators and batteries of automobiles. . Therefore, how to use these energy sources reasonably and effectively has become a widespread concern in the industry.
  • the main energy source can be flexibly combined with the supplementary energy source, energy efficiency and environmental pollution can be greatly improved.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle multi-energy supply system and method for reducing vehicle pollution to the environment, improving energy use efficiency, and increasing vehicle driving range.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a solar vehicle to reduce the total emissions of the automobile, save energy and protect the environment, and increase the driving range of the vehicle.
  • a vehicle multi-energy supply system includes: a solar cell module, a battery module, a super capacitor module, a DC-AC inverter, an output control module; an output end of the solar cell module, an output end of the battery module, and a The output end of the super capacitor module is respectively connected to the DC end of the DC-AC inverter through the output control module, and the AC end of the DC-AC inverter is connected to the traction motor of the vehicle;
  • the output control module is configured to acquire a current state of the vehicle, and control the solar battery module and the battery according to a current state of the vehicle and a remaining amount of each of the solar battery module, the battery module, and the super capacitor module
  • One or more modules of the module and the super capacitor module output direct current to the DC-AC inverter, and preferentially output direct current from the solar battery module to the DC-AC inverter;
  • the DC-AC inverter is configured to convert the direct current into alternating current to drive the traction motor.
  • the solar cell module includes a solar cell, a solar cell voltage conversion circuit, an output end of the solar cell is connected to an input end of the solar cell voltage conversion circuit, and an output end of the solar cell voltage conversion circuit is used as The output of the solar cell module.
  • the battery module comprises a battery, a battery voltage conversion circuit, an output end of the battery is connected to an input end of the battery voltage conversion circuit, and an output end of the battery voltage conversion circuit is used as an output end of the battery module.
  • the super capacitor module comprises a super capacitor, a bidirectional DC-DC converter.
  • the output control module controls the solar battery Module outputs straight to the DC-AC inverter Streaming; otherwise the output control module controls the supercapacitor module to output direct current to the DC-AC inverter together with the solar cell module, or control the super capacitor module, the battery module and the solar energy
  • the output control module controls the supercapacitor module to output direct current to the DC-AC inverter together with the solar cell module, or control the super capacitor module, the battery module and the solar energy
  • the output control module controls the solar battery module to invert the DC-AC
  • the device outputs direct current; otherwise, the output control module controls the battery module and the solar battery module to output direct current to the DC-AC inverter.
  • the output control module controls to use the motor to generate power to preferentially charge the super capacitor module, and after the super capacitor module is full, The battery module is charged.
  • the output of the solar cell module is further connected to the battery module and the super capacitor module through the output control module.
  • a vehicle multi-energy supply method includes: a solar cell, a battery, and a super capacitor; the method includes:
  • the solar battery supplies power to the traction motor of the vehicle;
  • the supercapacitor and the solar cell jointly supply electric energy to the traction motor of the vehicle, or the supercapacitor, the battery and the solar cell jointly supply electric energy to the traction motor of the vehicle;
  • the solar battery supplies power to the traction motor of the vehicle; otherwise, the battery and the solar battery are jointly directed to the vehicle.
  • the traction motor provides electrical energy.
  • the motor when the vehicle is in a braking state or in a decelerating or downhill state, the motor is used to generate power to preferentially charge the super capacitor, and after the super capacitor is fully charged, the battery is charged.
  • a solar vehicle includes the vehicle multi-energy supply system described above.
  • the vehicle multi-energy supply system and method provided by the embodiments of the present invention comprehensively utilize multiple energy sources to drive the vehicle, and specifically, control the solar battery, the battery, and the super capacitor according to the current state of the vehicle and the remaining power of the solar battery, the battery, and the super capacitor.
  • One or more of the power supply to the traction motor of the vehicle, and the solar battery is preferentially supplied with electric energy.
  • the super capacitor and the battery are used as energy supplements, so that the clean energy of solar energy can be fully utilized. Effectively reduce the emission of harmful substances in vehicles and increase the mileage of vehicles.
  • the use of the fast, high-current charge-discharge performance of the supercapacitor in combination with the battery not only can effectively slow down the charge and discharge current of the battery, but also prolong the service life of the battery, and since the charge and discharge efficiency and energy density of the super capacitor are higher than that of the battery,
  • the super capacitor has a higher specific power, which can improve the power and economy of the car.
  • a solar vehicle with the vehicle's multi-energy supply system can significantly reduce the total emissions of the vehicle, save energy, and increase the driving range of the vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a vehicle multi-energy supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a driving flowchart of a traction motor when the vehicle is in an activated state or an accelerated state or a climbing state in the vehicle multi-energy supply method according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a driving flowchart of a traction motor when the vehicle is in a constant running state in the vehicle multi-energy supply method of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the driving of the traction motor when the vehicle is in a braking state or a decelerating or downhill state in the vehicle multi-energy supply method of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a vehicle multi-energy supply system and method, using solar energy as a preferred energy source for the vehicle. Providing the driving force, and taking into account that the solar cells mounted on the car are constantly changing due to the high-speed driving of the car, resulting in instability of the output power. Therefore, the battery and the super capacitor are used as supplementary energy sources of solar energy, and comprehensive utilization is utilized.
  • the energy source provides the driving for the vehicle.
  • the insufficient portion is supplemented by other energy sources, thereby fully improving the utilization efficiency of the solar energy and reducing the harmful substances of the vehicle. Emissions to increase vehicle mileage.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic block diagram of a vehicle multi-energy supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the system includes: a solar cell module 11, a battery module 12, a super capacitor module 13, a DC-AC inverter 15, and an output control module 14.
  • the output end of the solar cell module 11, the output end 12 of the battery module, and the output end 13 of the super capacitor module are respectively connected to the DC end of the DC-AC inverter 15 through the output control module 14, and the DC-AC inverter 15
  • the AC terminal is connected to the traction motor 10 of the vehicle.
  • the solar cell module 11, the battery module 12, and the super capacitor module 13 output electric energy to the traction motor 10, and the respective outputs are controlled by the output control module 14.
  • the output control module 14 acquires the current state of the vehicle, and according to the current state of the vehicle and
  • the remaining power of each of the solar battery module 11, the battery module 12, and the super capacitor module 13 controls one or more of the solar battery module 11, the battery module 12, and the super capacitor module 13 to output DC power to the DC-AC inverter 15.
  • the remaining power of the solar battery module 11 and the battery module 12 can be counted in real time by the respective power management system, and the information is fed back to the output control module 14 in real time through the CAN bus. Accordingly, the DC-AC inverter 15 converts the direct current into an alternating current drive traction motor 10.
  • the solar module 11 it is necessary to preferentially output direct current from the solar battery module 11 to the DC-AC inverter 15, that is, the traction motor 10 is required regardless of the state of the vehicle.
  • the solar module 11 preferentially supplies energy to the traction motor 10, and the insufficient portion is supplemented by the supercapacitor module 13 and/or the battery module 12.
  • a voltage conversion circuit can be provided in each energy output module. The specific description is as follows:
  • the solar cell module 11 may include: a solar cell and a solar cell voltage conversion circuit (not shown), the output end of the solar cell being connected to an input end of the solar cell voltage conversion circuit, the solar cell voltage conversion circuit The output serves as an output of the solar cell module, ie the solar cell voltage conversion circuit is connected in series between the solar cell 11 and the output control module 14.
  • the solar cell can be disposed on the top or the periphery of the automobile, which can better absorb sunlight and improve the utilization rate of the solar energy.
  • the battery module 12 includes a battery and a battery voltage conversion circuit (not shown), an output end of the battery is connected to an input end of the battery voltage conversion circuit, and an output end of the battery voltage conversion circuit is used as the battery module.
  • the output ie the solar cell voltage conversion circuit, is connected in series between the solar cell 11 and the output control module 14.
  • the solar cell voltage conversion circuit is a unidirectional DC-DC converter, and the battery voltage conversion circuit is a bidirectional DC-DC converter.
  • the above super capacitor module 13 includes a super capacitor and a bidirectional DC-DC converter.
  • the unidirectional DC-DC converter or the bidirectional DC-DC converter its function is to convert the voltage output by the corresponding energy supply module into a fixed voltage required for the input of the output control module 14.
  • the vehicle multi-energy supply system comprehensively utilizes multiple energy sources to drive the vehicle, and specifically controls the solar battery, the battery, and the super capacitor according to the current state of the vehicle and the remaining power of the solar battery, the battery, and the super capacitor.
  • One or more electric power is supplied to the traction motor of the vehicle, and the solar battery is preferentially supplied with electric energy.
  • the super capacitor and the battery are used as energy supplements, so that the clean energy of solar energy can be fully utilized. Reduce vehicle emissions.
  • the vehicle multi-energy supply system provided by the embodiment of the invention can also reasonably configure the energy supply according to the characteristics of different operating states of the vehicle, and exert the advantages of different energy sources as much as possible, and specifically can have the following ways :
  • the output control module 14 controls the solar battery module 11 to the DC-AC.
  • the inverter 15 outputs direct current, that is, the driving energy required for the operation of the vehicle is provided by the solar battery module 11 alone; otherwise, the output control module 14 controls the super capacitor module 13 to cooperate with the solar battery module 11 to the DC-AC inverter 15
  • the direct current is output, or the supercapacitor module 13 is controlled, and the battery module 12 and the solar battery module 11 collectively output direct current to the DC-AC inverter 15.
  • the solar battery module 11 outputs the maximum power according to the current maximum power.
  • the supercapacitor module 13 is supplemented by the battery module 12 alone or in combination with the battery module 12, that is, if the maximum power that the supercapacitor module 13 can provide is greater than or equal to the difference between the required driving power of the traction motor 10 and the maximum power that the solar cell module 11 can provide.
  • the super capacitor module 13 and the solar cell module 11 output DC power to the DC-AC inverter 15, otherwise the solar cell module 11 and the super capacitor module 13 output the maximum power currently available, and the insufficient power is provided by the battery module. 12 supplements.
  • the output power of the solar cell module 11 may be zero. In this case, the traction motor needs to be driven by the super capacitor module 13 or the battery module 12 or both. 10.
  • the output control module 14 controls the solar battery module 11 to output DC power to the DC-AC inverter 15. Otherwise, the output control module 14 controls the battery module 12 to output DC power to the DC-AC inverter 15 in conjunction with the solar battery module 11.
  • the output power of the solar cell module 11 may be zero, in which case it may be only from the battery module 12 to the traction motor 10 Discharge, drive the vehicle to run.
  • the output control module 14 can also control the output power according to the amount of power of the super capacitor, the battery, and the solar battery. For example, when the remaining capacity of the battery and the solar battery is higher than 20%, Full power output; when its remaining charge is less than 20%, it will output at 50% of the maximum power; when its remaining charge is less than 10%, stop output.
  • the maximum power output is available from 0-100% of the capacitor's power.
  • the specific power output control may be implemented by using some existing technologies, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
  • the output control module 14 controls the motor to generate the energy to preferentially charge the super capacitor module 13 by using the motor. After the capacitor module 13 is fully charged, the battery module 12 is charged. It should be noted that during the charging process, the output control module 14 needs to monitor the SOC value of the super capacitor in real time. If the braking time is long, and the SOC value of the super capacitor reaches the upper limit value, the braking is not stopped. The control module 14 controls the battery to continue to absorb excess braking energy and activates the mechanical braking mode after the SOC value of the battery also reaches its allowable upper limit.
  • the activation of the mechanism braking mode may be triggered by the output control module 14 in the system of the present invention, or may be triggered by other control modules in the vehicle, or triggered by the cooperation of the other control modules and the output control module 14, for which the present invention is implemented
  • the example is not limited.
  • the battery module 12 can also be charged by an external charger.
  • the output end of the solar cell module 11 can also be connected to the battery module 12 and the super capacitor module 13 through the output control module 14 so that the solar cell can be used under the set condition.
  • the module 11 charges the battery module 12 and/or the super capacitor module 13 .
  • the traction motor is stopped or operated at a constant speed, and the excess energy of the solar battery can be supplemented to the super capacitor module 13 and the battery module 12 . .
  • the supercapacitor module 13 is preferentially charged, and after the supercapacitor module 13 is fully charged, the battery module 12 is recharged.
  • the external charging power source and the solar battery module 11 can also be used to charge the battery module.
  • the vehicle operating state and the power monitoring of each energy output module may all be completed by the output control module 14, or may be distributed to different control modules of the vehicle, for example,
  • the vehicle controller monitors the running state of the vehicle, and the power management module monitors the power of each energy output module.
  • the vehicle controller and the battery management module respectively communicate with the output control module 14 through the CAN bus, so that the output control module 14 reports through the CAN bus.
  • the text gets the corresponding information.
  • a display module may be further included to display the electric quantity (such as the SOC value) of the solar battery module 11 and the battery module 12, and display when the electric quantity is lower than the set limit value.
  • the corresponding prompt information may be further included to display the electric quantity (such as the SOC value) of the solar battery module 11 and the battery module 12, and display when the electric quantity is lower than the set limit value.
  • the vehicle multi-energy supply system preferentially provides the vehicle driving energy by the solar battery, and combines the fast and large current charging and discharging performance of the super capacitor with the battery, which can effectively slow down the charging and discharging current of the battery.
  • the battery life is prolonged, and since the charging and discharging efficiency and energy density of the super capacitor are higher than that of the battery, the specific power of the super capacitor is large, so that the power and economy of the automobile can be improved.
  • the vehicle multi-energy supply system of the embodiment of the invention can be applied to various types of vehicles, and the solar vehicle with the vehicle multi-energy supply system can significantly reduce the total emissions of the automobile, save energy, and improve the driving range of the vehicle.
  • the present invention further provides a vehicle multi-energy supply method, the multi-energy source comprising: a solar cell, a battery, and a super capacitor; the method comprising: acquiring a current state of the vehicle, and according to the current state of the vehicle and the solar battery and the battery And each of the remaining capacity of the supercapacitor, controlling one or more of the solar cell, the battery, and the supercapacitor to supply electric energy to the traction motor of the vehicle.
  • the required power will have different characteristics. For example, when the vehicle starts, accelerates, and climbs, it needs instantaneous high current; while the vehicle runs at a constant speed, the current required is relatively stable. . Therefore, the method of the embodiment of the invention can also reasonably configure the energy supply according to the characteristics of different operating states of the vehicle, and exert the advantages of different energy sources as much as possible.
  • the energy output modes in several different states are described in detail below.
  • FIG. 2 it is a flowchart of driving control of the traction motor when the vehicle is in an activated state or an accelerated state or a climbing state in the vehicle multi-energy supply method of the present invention.
  • step 201 it is determined whether the maximum power PMAX solar battery that the solar battery can provide is greater than or equal to the driving power required for the traction motor P motor ;
  • step 202 is performed to provide power to the traction motor of the vehicle by the solar battery;
  • step 203 it is judged super capacitor can provide the maximum power PMAX whether super capacitor or greater traction power required to drive the difference between the maximum motor power P of the solar cell can provide PMAX super capacitor motors;
  • FIG. 3 it is a driving flowchart of the traction motor when the vehicle is in a constant running state in the vehicle multi-energy supply method of the present invention.
  • step 301 it is determined whether the maximum power PMAX solar battery that the solar battery can provide is greater than or equal to the driving power required for the traction motor P motor ;
  • step 302 is performed to provide electrical energy to the traction motor of the vehicle by the solar battery;
  • step 303 is performed to provide electrical energy to the traction motor of the vehicle by the battery and the solar battery.
  • the output power of the solar cell may be zero. In this case, only the battery may be discharged to the traction motor to drive the vehicle to operate.
  • FIG. 4 it is a driving flowchart of the traction motor when the vehicle is in a braking state or a deceleration or a downhill state in the vehicle multi-energy supply method of the present invention.
  • the traction motor is regenerative when the vehicle is in a braking state or is decelerating or downhill. In the dynamic state, the motor is used to generate energy to preferentially charge the super capacitor, and then the battery is charged after the super capacitor is fully charged.
  • step 401 it is determined whether the power of the super capacitor is less than a set threshold, such as 95%; if yes, step 402 is performed; otherwise, step 404 is performed;
  • Step 402 Using a motor to feed back power generation energy to charge the super capacitor
  • Step 403 it is determined whether the super capacitor is full; if not full, proceed to step 402; otherwise, step 404;
  • Step 404 it is determined whether the battery power is less than a set threshold, such as 95%; if yes, step 405; otherwise, step 407;
  • Step 405 The motor is used to charge the generated energy to charge the battery
  • Step 406 it is determined whether the battery is full; if not full, proceed to step 405; otherwise, step 407;
  • Step 407 determining whether the braking power is greater than the maximum feedback power of the motor; if yes, executing step 408; otherwise, ending;
  • step 408 the mechanical brake mode is activated.
  • the vehicle multi-energy supply method comprehensively utilizes multiple energy sources to drive the vehicle, and preferentially provides the vehicle driving energy by the solar battery, thereby fully utilizing the clean energy of the solar energy, and effectively reducing the emission of harmful substances of the vehicle.
  • the use of the fast, high-current charge-discharge performance of the supercapacitor in combination with the battery not only can effectively slow down the charge and discharge current of the battery, but also prolong the service life of the battery, and since the charge and discharge efficiency and energy density of the super capacitor are higher than that of the battery,
  • the super capacitor has a higher specific power, which can improve the power and economy of the car.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种车辆多能源供给系统及方法，该系统包括：太阳能电池模块（11）、蓄电池模块（12）、超级电容模块（13）、DC-AC逆变器（15）、输出控制模块（14）；所述输出控制模块（14）用于获取车辆当前状态，并根据车辆当前状态及所述太阳能电池模块（11）、所述蓄电池模块（12）、所述超级电容模块（13）各自的剩余电量，控制所述太阳能电池模块（11）、所述蓄电池模块（12）、所述超级电容模块（13）中任一个或多个模块向所述DC-AC逆变器（15）输出直流电，并且优先由所述太阳能电池模块（11）向所述DC-AC逆变器（15）输出直流电；所述DC-AC逆变器（15）用于将所述直流电转换成交流电驱动牵引电机（10），从而可以降低车辆对环境产生的污染，提高能源使用效率，增加车辆续驶里程。

Description

车辆多能源供给系统及方法、太阳能汽车 技术领域
本发明涉及车辆能源领域，具体涉及一种车辆多能源供给系统及方法、太阳能汽车。
背景技术
新能源汽车是指采用非常规的车用燃料作为动力来源，综合车辆的动力控制和驱动方面的先进技术，形成的技术原理先进、具有新技术、新结构的汽车。新能源汽车包括四大类型，即混合动力电动汽车、纯电动汽车(包括太阳能汽车)、燃料电池电动汽车、其他新能源(如高效储能器)汽车等。
现有的新能源车辆大都采用单一的能源系统，由于每种新能源都有各自的局限性，比如，化学能蓄电池储能密度小、放电深度浅、使用寿命短，飞轮电池功率密度大、能量转换效率高、使用寿命长、但自放电大、能量不易长期保存，因而会影响车辆的续驶里程等。
太阳能是最清洁能源之一，在化石燃料日趋减少的情况下，太阳能已成为人类使用能源的重要组成部分，并不断得到发展，汽车利用太阳能作为动力不会污染环境，相比传统热机驱动的汽车，可以做到真正的零排放。但是由于太阳能照射强度弱且不稳定，再加之转换效率低，因此汽车上的太阳能电池目前大都作为补充的能量来源使用，在许多情况下汽车电器仍然需要依赖于汽车的发电机和蓄电池的储能。因此，如何合理、有效地使用这些能源成为了业界广泛关注的一个问题。
显然，如果能够将主要能量来源与补充能量来源灵活地组合使用，则可以大幅度提高能源使用效率并降低环境污染。
发明内容
本发明一方面提供一种车辆多能源供给系统及方法，以降低车辆对环境产生的污染，提高能源使用效率，增加车辆续驶里程。
本发明另一方面提供一种太阳能汽车，以减少汽车的总排放量，节能环保，增加车辆续驶里程。
为此，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种车辆多能源供给系统，包括：太阳能电池模块、蓄电池模块、超级电容模块、DC-AC逆变器、输出控制模块；所述太阳能电池模块的输出端、所述蓄电池模块的输出端及所述超级电容模块的输出端分别通过所述输出控制模块连接DC-AC逆变器的直流端，所述DC-AC逆变器的交流端连接车辆的牵引电机；
所述输出控制模块，用于获取车辆当前状态，并根据车辆当前状态及所述太阳能电池模块、所述蓄电池模块、所述超级电容模块各自的剩余电量，控制所述太阳能电池模块、所述蓄电池模块、所述超级电容模块中任一个或多个模块向所述DC-AC逆变器输出直流电，并且优先由所述太阳能电池模块向所述DC-AC逆变器输出直流电；
所述DC-AC逆变器，用于将所述直流电转换成交流电驱动所述牵引电机。
优选地，所述太阳能电池模块包括太阳能电池、太阳能电池电压转换电路，所述太阳能电池的输出端连接所述太阳能电池电压转换电路的输入端，所述太阳能电池电压转换电路的输出端作为所述太阳能电池模块的输出端。
优选地，所述蓄电池模块包括蓄电池、蓄电池电压转换电路，所述蓄电池的输出端连接所述蓄电池电压转换电路的输入端，所述蓄电池电压转换电路的输出端作为所述蓄电池模块的输出端。
优选地，所述超级电容模块包括超级电容、双向DC-DC转换器。
优选地，在车辆处于启动状态或者加速状态或者爬坡状态时，如果所述牵引电机所需驱动功率小于或等于太阳能电池模块所能提供的最大功率，则所述输出控制模块控制所述太阳能电池模块向所述DC-AC逆变器输出直 流电；否则所述输出控制模块控制所述超级电容模块与所述太阳能电池模块共同向所述DC-AC逆变器输出直流电，或者控制所述超级电容模块、所述蓄电池模块与所述太阳能电池模块共同向所述DC-AC逆变器输出直流电；
在车辆处于匀速行驶状态时，如果所述牵引电机所需驱动功率小于或等于太阳能电池模块所能提供的最大功率，则所述输出控制模块控制所述太阳能电池模块向所述DC-AC逆变器输出直流电；否则所述输出控制模块控制蓄电池模块与所述太阳能电池模块共同向所述DC-AC逆变器输出直流电。
优选地，在车辆处于制动状态或者减速或者下坡状态时，所述输出控制模块控制利用电机回馈发电能量优先为所述超级电容模块充电，在所述超级电容模块充满后，再给所述蓄电池模块充电。
优选地，所述太阳能电池模块的输出端还通过所述输出控制模块连接所述蓄电池模块和所述超级电容模块。
一种车辆多能源供给方法，所述多能源包括：太阳能电池、蓄电池、以及超级电容；所述方法包括：
获取车辆当前状态，并根据车辆当前状态及太阳能电池、蓄电池、超级电容各自的剩余电量，控制太阳能电池、蓄电池、超级电容中任一个或多个向车辆的牵引电机提供电能。
优选地，在车辆处于启动状态或者加速状态或者爬坡状态时，如果所述牵引电机所需驱动功率小于或等于太阳能电池所能提供的最大功率，则由太阳能电池向车辆的牵引电机提供电能；否则由超级电容与太阳能电池共同向车辆的牵引电机提供电能，或者由超级电容、蓄电池与太阳能电池共同向车辆的牵引电机提供电能；
在车辆处于匀速行驶状态时，如果所述牵引电机所需驱动功率小于或等于太阳能电池所能提供的最大功率，则由太阳能电池向车辆的牵引电机提供电能；否则由蓄电池与太阳能电池共同向车辆的牵引电机提供电能。
优选地，在车辆处于制动状态或者减速或者下坡状态时，利用电机回馈发电能量优先为超级电容充电，在超级电容充满后，再给蓄电池充电。
一种太阳能汽车，包括前面所述的车辆多能源供给系统。
本发明实施例提供的车辆多能源供给系统及方法，综合利用多种能源驱动车辆，具体地，根据车辆当前状态及太阳能电池、蓄电池、超级电容各自的剩余电量，控制太阳能电池、蓄电池、超级电容中任一个或多个向车辆的牵引电机提供电能，并且优先由太阳能电池提供电能，在太阳能电池能量不足的情况下，再由超级电容、蓄电池作为能量补充，从而可以充分利用太阳能这一清洁能源，有效降低车辆有害物的排放，提升车辆续驶里程。
进一步地，将超级电容的快速、大电流充放电性能与蓄电池相结合使用，不仅可以有效减缓蓄电池的充放电电流，延长蓄电池使用寿命，而且由于超级电容的充放电效率和能量密度比蓄电池高，超级电容的比功率较大，因而可以改善汽车的动力性和经济性。
具有该车辆多能源供给系统的太阳能汽车可以明显减少汽车的总排放量，节约能量，提升汽车续驶里程。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明中记载的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例车辆多能源供给系统的原理框图；
图2是本发明实施例车辆多能源供给方法中车辆处于启动状态或者加速状态或者爬坡状态时的牵引电机的驱动流程图；
图3是本发明车辆多能源供给方法中在车辆处于匀速行驶状态时的牵引电机的驱动流程图；
图4是本发明车辆多能源供给方法中在车辆处于制动状态或者减速或者下坡状态时，的牵引电机的驱动流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明实施例的方案，下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明实施例作进一步的详细说明。
由于利用太阳能作为动力不会污染环境，而且太阳能也是“取之不尽，用之不竭”的能源，因此本发明提供一种车辆多能源供给系统及方法，将太阳能作为优先选择的能源为车辆提供驱动力，另外考虑到搭载在汽车上的太阳能电池由于汽车的高速行驶，其位置不断变化，从而导致其输出功率具有不稳定性，因此将蓄电池及超级电容作为太阳能的补充能源，综合利用多种能源为车辆提供驱动，在太阳能电池所能提供的最大功率不能满足牵引电机所需驱动功率的情况下，不足的部分再由其它能源补充，从而充分提高太阳能的利用效率，降低车辆有害物的排放，提升车辆续驶里程。
如图1所示，是本发明实施例车辆多能源供给系统的原理框图。
该系统包括：太阳能电池模块11、蓄电池模块12、超级电容模块13、DC-AC逆变器15、输出控制模块14。其中，太阳能电池模块11的输出端、蓄电池模块的输出端12及超级电容模块的输出端13分别通过输出控制模块14连接DC-AC逆变器15的直流端，DC-AC逆变器15的交流端连接车辆的牵引电机10。
上述太阳能电池模块11、蓄电池模块12、超级电容模块13向牵引电机10输出电能，各自的输出由输出控制模块14来控制，具体地，输出控制模块14获取车辆当前状态，并根据车辆当前状态及太阳能电池模块11、蓄电池模块12、超级电容模块13各自的剩余电量，控制太阳能电池模块11、蓄电池模块12、超级电容模块13中的任一个或多个模块向DC-AC逆变器15输出直流电。太阳能电池模块11及蓄电池模块12的剩余电量可由各自的电量管理系统实时统计，并通过CAN总线将这些信息实时反馈给输出控制模块14。相应地，DC-AC逆变器15将所述直流电转换成交流电驱动牵引电机10。
需要说明的是，在本发明实施例中，需要优先由太阳能电池模块11向DC-AC逆变器15输出直流电，即不论车辆处于何种状态，在牵引电机10需要 驱动的情况下，只要当前太阳能电池模块11还有能量，则优先由太阳能模块11向牵引电机10提供能源，不足的部分再由超级电容模块13和/或蓄电池模块12补充。
在实际应用中，为了方便对各能源输出模块的输出控制，可以在各能源输出模块中设置电压转换电路。具体描述如下：
上述太阳能电池模块11可以包括：太阳能电池和太阳能电池电压转换电路(图中未示)，所述太阳能电池的输出端连接所述太阳能电池电压转换电路的输入端，所述太阳能电池电压转换电路的输出端作为所述太阳能电池模块的输出端，即所述太阳能电池电压转换电路串联在太阳能电池11和输出控制模块14之间。其中，所述太阳能电池可以设置在汽车的顶部或者四周，可以更好地吸收太阳光，提高太阳能的利用率。
上述蓄电池模块12包括蓄电池和蓄电池电压转换电路(图中未示)，所述蓄电池的输出端连接所述蓄电池电压转换电路的输入端，所述蓄电池电压转换电路的输出端作为所述蓄电池模块的输出端，即所述太阳能电池电压转换电路串联在太阳能电池11和输出控制模块14之间。
所述太阳能电池电压转换电路为单向DC-DC转换器，蓄电池电压转换电路为双向DC-DC转换器。
上述超级电容模块13包括超级电容和双向DC-DC转换器。
无论是所述单向DC-DC转换器还是所述双向DC-DC转换器，其功能都是将相应能源提供模块输出的电压转换为输出控制模块14输入所需的固定电压。
本发明实施例提供的车辆多能源供给系统，综合利用多种能源驱动车辆，具体地，根据车辆当前状态及太阳能电池、蓄电池、超级电容各自的剩余电量，控制太阳能电池、蓄电池、超级电容中任一个或多个向车辆的牵引电机提供电能，并且优先由太阳能电池提供电能，在太阳能电池能量不足的情况下，再由超级电容、蓄电池作为能量补充，从而可以充分利用太阳能这一清洁能源，有效降低车辆有害物的排放。
进一步地，考虑到车辆在不同的运行状态下，所需的动力会有不同的 特点要求，比如：车辆在启动、加速、爬坡时，需要瞬时大电流；而车辆在匀速行驶时，需要的电流比较平稳。因此，本发明实施例提供的车辆多能源供给系统，还可以根据车辆不同运行状态的特点，对其能源供给进行合理的配置，尽最大可能发挥不同能源各自的优势，具体可以有以下几种方式：
在车辆处于启动状态或者加速状态或者爬坡状态时，如果牵引电机10所需驱动功率小于或等于太阳能电池模块11所能提供的最大功率，则输出控制模块14控制太阳能电池模块11向DC-AC逆变器15输出直流电，也就是说，由太阳能电池模块11独自提供车辆运行所需的驱动能量；否则输出控制模块14控制超级电容模块13与太阳能电池模块11共同向DC-AC逆变器15输出直流电，或者控制超级电容模块13、蓄电池模块12与太阳能电池模块11共同向DC-AC逆变器15输出直流电。具体地，在牵引电机10所需驱动功率大于太阳能电池模块11所能提供的最大功率的情况下，比如阳光较弱的情况，太阳能电池模块11按照当前所能提供的最大功率输出，不足的功率由超级电容模块13独自或者与蓄电池模块12共同补充，即如果超级电容模块13所能提供的最大功率大于或等于牵引电机10所需驱动功率与太阳能电池模块11所能提供的最大功率的差值时，由超级电容模块13与太阳能电池模块11共同向DC-AC逆变器15输出直流电，否则太阳能电池模块11和超级电容模块13均输出当前所能提供的最大功率，不足的功率由蓄电池模块12补充。当然，在车辆处于黑暗的、没有阳光的环境中，太阳能电池模块11的输出功率可能为零，在这种情况下，则需要由超级电容模块13或者蓄电池模块12或者这两者共同驱动牵引电机10。
在车辆处于匀速行驶状态时，如果牵引电机10所需驱动功率小于或等于太阳能电池模块11所能提供的最大功率，则输出控制模块14控制太阳能电池模块11向DC-AC逆变器15输出直流电；否则输出控制模块14控制蓄电池模块12与太阳能电池模块11共同向DC-AC逆变器15输出直流电。当然，在车辆处于黑暗的、没有阳光的环境中，太阳能电池模块11的输出功率可能为零，在这种情况下，则可以只由蓄电池模块12向牵引电机10 放电，驱动车辆运行。
需要说明的是，在实际应用中，输出控制模块14还可以根据超级电容、蓄电池和太阳能电池电量的多少来控制其输出功率的大小，比如，在蓄电池和太阳能电池剩余电量高于20％时，可满功率输出；当其剩余电量低于20％时，按最大功率的50％降功率输出；当其剩余电量低于10％时，停止输出。电容电量在0-100％范围内均可最大功率输出。具体的功率输出控制可以采用现有的一些技术实现，对此本发明实施例不做限定。
进一步地，在车辆处于制动状态或者减速或者下坡状态时，此时牵引电机处于再生制动状态，相应地，输出控制模块14控制利用电机回馈发电能量优先为超级电容模块13充电，在超级电容模块13充满后，再给蓄电池模块12充电。需要说明的是，在充电过程中，输出控制模块14需要实时监测超级电容的SOC值，如果制动时间较长，而超级电容的SOC值达到上限值时仍未停止制动，此时输出控制模块14控制蓄电池继续吸收多余的制动能量，在蓄电池的SOC值也达到其允许的上限值后，启动机械制动模式。机制制动模式的启动可以由本发明系统中的输出控制模块14触发，也可以由车辆中其它控制模块触发，或者由所述其它控制模块及输出控制模块14相配合来触发，对此本发明实施例不做限定。
在实际应用中，上述蓄电池模块12还可以由外置充电器为其充电，比如，牵引电机停止运转，同时蓄电池模块电量不足需要进行充电处理时，由外置的充电电源为其充电。另外，在本发明系统另一实施例中，还可以将太阳能电池模块11的输出端通过所述输出控制模块14连接蓄电池模块12和超级电容模块13，以便在满足设定条件下，由太阳能电池模块11为蓄电池模块12和/或超级电容模块13充电，比如，在阳光充足的环境下，牵引电机停止运转或者匀速运行状态，可以将太阳能电池多余的能量补充给超级电容模块13和蓄电池模块12。同样，在充电时，优先为超级电容模块13充电，在超级电容模块13充满后，再给蓄电池模块12充电。当然，在蓄电池模块12连接外置充电电源情况下，也可以由外置充电电源及太阳能电池模块11共同为蓄电池模块充电。
需要说明的是，在实际应用中，车辆运行状态及各能源输出模块的功率监测可以全部由输出控制模块14来完成，也可以将这些功能分散到车辆的不同控制模块来完成，比如，由整车控制器来监测车辆运行状态，由电池管理模块监测各能源输出模块的功率，整车控制器、电池管理模块分别与输出控制模块14通过CAN总线通信，从而使输出控制模块14通过CAN总线报文获得相应的信息。
另外，在本发明车辆多能源供给系统中，还可进一步包括显示模块，以显示太阳能电池模块11和蓄电池模块12的电量(比如SOC值)，并在电量低于设定的限值时，显示相应的提示信息。
可见，本发明实施例提供的车辆多能源供给系统，优先由太阳能电池提供车辆驱动能源，并将超级电容的快速、大电流充放电性能与蓄电池相结合使用，不仅可以有效减缓蓄电池的充放电电流，延长蓄电池使用寿命，而且由于超级电容的充放电效率和能量密度比蓄电池高，超级电容的比功率较大，因而可以提高汽车的动力性和经济性。
本发明实施例的车辆多能源供给系统可以应用于各种不同类型的车辆中，具有该车辆多能源供给系统的太阳能汽车可以明显减少汽车的总排放量，节约能量，提升汽车续驶里程。
相应地，本发明还提供一种车辆多能源供给方法，所述多能源包括：太阳能电池、蓄电池、以及超级电容；所述方法包括：获取车辆当前状态，并根据车辆当前状态及太阳能电池、蓄电池、超级电容各自的剩余电量，控制太阳能电池、蓄电池、超级电容中任一个或多个向车辆的牵引电机提供电能。
考虑到车辆在不同的运行状态下，所需的动力会有不同的特点要求，比如：车辆在启动、加速、爬坡时，需要瞬时大电流；而车辆在匀速行驶时，需要的电流比较平稳。因此，本发明实施例的方法还可以根据车辆不同运行状态的特点，对其能源供给进行合理的配置，尽最大可能发挥不同能源各自的优势。下面分别对几种不同状态下的能源输出方式进行详细说明。
如图2所示，是本发明车辆多能源供给方法中车辆处于启动状态或者加速状态或者爬坡状态时的牵引电机的驱动控制流程图。
在车辆处于启动状态或者加速状态或者爬坡状态时，首先在步骤201判断太阳能电池所能提供的最大功率PMAX太阳能电池是否大于或等于牵引电机所需驱动功率P电机；
如果是，则执行步骤202，由太阳能电池向车辆的牵引电机提供电能；
否则，执行步骤203，判断超级电容所能提供的最大功率PMAX超级电容是否大于或等于牵引电机所需驱动功率P电机与太阳能电池所能提供的最大功率的差值PMAX超级电容；
如果是，则执行步骤204，由超级电容与太阳能电池共同向车辆的牵引电机提供电能，超级电容输出功率＝P电机-PMAX太阳能电池；
否则，执行步骤205，由超级电容、蓄电池与太阳能电池共同向车辆的牵引电机提供电能，蓄电池输出功率＝P电机-PMAX太阳能电池-PMAX超级电容。
需要说明的是，太阳能电池的输出功率为零的情况下，需要由超级电容或者蓄电池或者这两者共同向车辆的牵引电机提供电能。
如图3所示，是本发明车辆多能源供给方法中在车辆处于匀速行驶状态时的牵引电机的驱动流程图。
在车辆处于匀速行驶状态时，首先在步骤301判断太阳能电池所能提供的最大功率PMAX太阳能电池是否大于或等于牵引电机所需驱动功率P电机；
如果是，则执行步骤302，由太阳能电池向车辆的牵引电机提供电能；
否则，执行步骤303，由蓄电池与太阳能电池共同向车辆的牵引电机提供电能。
需要说明的是，在车辆处于黑暗的、没有阳光的环境中，太阳能电池的输出功率可能为零，在这种情况下，则可以只由蓄电池向牵引电机放电，驱动车辆运行。
如图4所示，是本发明车辆多能源供给方法中在车辆处于制动状态或者减速或者下坡状态时，的牵引电机的驱动流程图。
在车辆处于制动状态或者减速或者下坡状态时，牵引电机处于再生制 动状态，利用电机回馈发电能量优先为超级电容充电，在超级电容充满后，再给蓄电池充电。
具体地，首先在步骤401判断超级电容的电量是否小于设定阈值，比如95％；如果是，则执行步骤402；否则，执行步骤404；
步骤402，利用电机回馈发电能量为超级电容充电；
步骤403，判断超级电容是否充满；如果未充满，则继续执行步骤402；否则，执行步骤404；
步骤404，判断蓄电池的电量是否小于设定阈值，比如95％；如果是，则执行步骤405；否则，执行步骤407；
步骤405，利用电机回馈发电能量为蓄电池充电；
步骤406，判断蓄电池是否充满；如果未充满，则继续执行步骤405；否则，执行步骤407；
步骤407，判断制动功率是否大于电机最大回馈发电功率；如果是，则执行步骤408；否则，结束；
步骤408，启动机械制动模式。
可见，本发明实施例提供的车辆多能源供给方法，综合利用多种能源驱动车辆，并优先由太阳能电池提供车辆驱动能源，从而可以充分利用太阳能这一清洁能源，有效降低车辆有害物的排放。进一步地，将超级电容的快速、大电流充放电性能与蓄电池相结合使用，不仅可以有效减缓蓄电池的充放电电流，延长蓄电池使用寿命，而且由于超级电容的充放电效率和能量密度比蓄电池高，超级电容的比功率较大，因而可以提高汽车的动力性和经济性。
以上对本发明实施例进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体实施方式对本发明进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及系统；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种车辆多能源供给系统，其特征在于，包括：太阳能电池模块、蓄电池模块、超级电容模块、DC-AC逆变器、输出控制模块；所述太阳能电池模块的输出端、所述蓄电池模块的输出端及所述超级电容模块的输出端分别通过所述输出控制模块连接DC-AC逆变器的直流端，所述DC-AC逆变器的交流端连接车辆的牵引电机；
    所述输出控制模块，用于获取车辆当前状态，并根据车辆当前状态及所述太阳能电池模块、所述蓄电池模块、所述超级电容模块各自的剩余电量，控制所述太阳能电池模块、所述蓄电池模块、所述超级电容模块中任一个或多个模块向所述DC-AC逆变器输出直流电，并且优先由所述太阳能电池模块向所述DC-AC逆变器输出直流电；
    所述DC-AC逆变器，用于将所述直流电转换成交流电驱动所述牵引电机。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述太阳能电池模块包括太阳能电池、太阳能电池电压转换电路，所述太阳能电池的输出端连接所述太阳能电池电压转换电路的输入端，所述太阳能电池电压转换电路的输出端作为所述太阳能电池模块的输出端。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述蓄电池模块包括蓄电池、蓄电池电压转换电路，所述蓄电池的输出端连接所述蓄电池电压转换电路的输入端，所述蓄电池电压转换电路的输出端作为所述蓄电池模块的输出端。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述超级电容模块包括超级电容、双向DC-DC转换器。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，
    在车辆处于启动状态或者加速状态或者爬坡状态时，如果所述牵引电机所需驱动功率小于或等于太阳能电池模块所能提供的最大功率，则所述输出控制模块控制所述太阳能电池模块向所述DC-AC逆变器输出直流电； 否则所述输出控制模块控制所述超级电容模块与所述太阳能电池模块共同向所述DC-AC逆变器输出直流电，或者控制所述超级电容模块、所述蓄电池模块与所述太阳能电池模块共同向所述DC-AC逆变器输出直流电；
    在车辆处于匀速行驶状态时，如果所述牵引电机所需驱动功率小于或等于太阳能电池模块所能提供的最大功率，则所述输出控制模块控制所述太阳能电池模块向所述DC-AC逆变器输出直流电；否则所述输出控制模块控制蓄电池模块与所述太阳能电池模块共同向所述DC-AC逆变器输出直流电。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的系统，其特征在于，
    在车辆处于制动状态或者减速或者下坡状态时，所述输出控制模块控制利用电机回馈发电能量优先为所述超级电容模块充电，在所述超级电容模块充满后，再给所述蓄电池模块充电。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于，所述太阳能电池模块的输出端还通过所述输出控制模块连接所述蓄电池模块和所述超级电容模块。
  8. 一种车辆多能源供给方法，其特征在于，所述多能源包括：太阳能电池、蓄电池、以及超级电容；所述方法包括：
    获取车辆当前状态，并根据车辆当前状态及太阳能电池、蓄电池、超级电容各自的剩余电量，控制太阳能电池、蓄电池、超级电容中任一个或多个向车辆的牵引电机提供电能。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，
    在车辆处于启动状态或者加速状态或者爬坡状态时，如果所述牵引电机所需驱动功率小于或等于太阳能电池所能提供的最大功率，则由太阳能电池向车辆的牵引电机提供电能；否则由超级电容与太阳能电池共同向车辆的牵引电机提供电能，或者由超级电容、蓄电池与太阳能电池共同向车辆的牵引电机提供电能；
    在车辆处于匀速行驶状态时，如果所述牵引电机所需驱动功率小于或等于太阳能电池所能提供的最大功率，则由太阳能电池向车辆的牵引电机提供电能；否则由蓄电池与太阳能电池共同向车辆的牵引电机提供电能。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，
    在车辆处于制动状态或者减速或者下坡状态时，利用电机回馈发电能量优先为超级电容充电，在超级电容充满后，再给蓄电池充电。
  11. 一种太阳能汽车，其特征在于，包括权利要求1至7任一项所述的车辆多能源供给系统。
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