WO2018180730A1 - Dispositif d'imagerie ophtalmique et son procédé de commande - Google Patents

Dispositif d'imagerie ophtalmique et son procédé de commande Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018180730A1
WO2018180730A1 PCT/JP2018/010886 JP2018010886W WO2018180730A1 WO 2018180730 A1 WO2018180730 A1 WO 2018180730A1 JP 2018010886 W JP2018010886 W JP 2018010886W WO 2018180730 A1 WO2018180730 A1 WO 2018180730A1
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Prior art keywords
light
imaging apparatus
image
apertures
ophthalmic imaging
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PCT/JP2018/010886
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
井上　宏之
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キヤノン株式会社
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Publication of WO2018180730A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018180730A1/fr
Priority to US16/582,841 priority Critical patent/US11147450B2/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/1025—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for confocal scanning
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/14—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography
    • A61B3/15—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography with means for aligning, spacing or blocking spurious reflection ; with means for relaxing
    • A61B3/154—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography with means for aligning, spacing or blocking spurious reflection ; with means for relaxing for spacing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/12—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for looking at the eye fundus, e.g. ophthalmoscopes
    • A61B3/1225—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for looking at the eye fundus, e.g. ophthalmoscopes using coherent radiation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an ophthalmic imaging apparatus and a control method thereof, and more particularly, to an ophthalmic imaging apparatus that captures a fundus image used for ophthalmic medical treatment and the control method thereof.
  • SLO scanning laser opthalmoscope
  • This SLO apparatus is an apparatus that scans laser light, which is measurement light, on the fundus and obtains a planar image with high resolution and high speed from the intensity of the return light.
  • a high-contrast eye image with a shallow depth of focus can be acquired by selectively receiving reflected light (confocal light) from a condensing point of measurement light in the eye to be examined.
  • reflected light confocal light
  • scattered light non-confocal light
  • the present disclosure includes a plurality of light receiving elements that selectively receive scattered light, changes the position of a plurality of regions that receive light, and calculates the light reception signals, thereby enabling a fine biological structure (such as blood vessels or An image in which the contour of a blood vessel wall, nerve fiber layer, etc.) is emphasized can be acquired. This makes it possible to provide an image useful in diagnosis.
  • a fine biological structure such as blood vessels or An image in which the contour of a blood vessel wall, nerve fiber layer, etc.
  • Patent Document 1 provides a member having a confocal light aperture and a plurality of apertures for non-confocal light in order to change the area of scattered light to be received with a simple configuration. And in order to change the area
  • Patent Document 2 is suitable for diagnosis by increasing the number of light receiving elements that receive scattered light and performing arithmetic processing according to the orientation of the living body structure at the time of imaging after receiving the scattered light.
  • a technique for generating an enhanced image is disclosed.
  • Patent Document 1 since the apparatus described in Patent Document 1 cannot simultaneously receive light of a plurality of regions of the same scattered light, it can prevent motion artifacts such as fixation fine movement and pulsation that are problematic in photographing with an ophthalmic imaging apparatus. There is room for improvement.
  • Patent Document 2 since the apparatus described in Patent Document 2 requires at least three or more light receiving elements to acquire an enhanced image in an arbitrary direction, there is room for improvement in simplification of the apparatus configuration.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus capable of acquiring an enhanced image in any direction that is strong against motion artifacts.
  • an ophthalmic imaging apparatus includes a first dividing unit that divides return light from an inspection object irradiated with measurement light, and light divided by the first dividing unit.
  • First and second light receiving means for receiving light through first and second apertures provided in the optical paths of the respective lights, and light reception signals from the first and second light receiving means.
  • 1 is an external view of an ophthalmologic imaging apparatus according to a first embodiment.
  • 1 is an external view of an ophthalmologic imaging apparatus according to a first embodiment.
  • It is a block diagram of the control part which concerns on 1st Embodiment.
  • It is a block diagram of the optical system which concerns on 1st Embodiment.
  • It is a block diagram of the light-receiving part which concerns on 1st Embodiment.
  • It is a figure for demonstrating the branch part which concerns on 1st Embodiment.
  • It is a figure for demonstrating the aperture which concerns on 1st Embodiment.
  • It is a figure for demonstrating the control software screen which concerns on 1st Embodiment.
  • an adaptive optics (AO) SLO apparatus to which the present invention is applied will be described as an ophthalmic imaging apparatus.
  • the AOSLO apparatus is an apparatus that includes an adaptive optics system and captures a high-resolution planar image (AOSLO image) of the fundus.
  • this apparatus includes the following apparatuses to assist the acquisition of the AOSLO image. That is, a WFSLO device that captures a planar image (WFSLO image) with a wide field angle (WF) of the fundus, and an image of the anterior eye portion of the eye to be inspected to grasp the position of the alignment and measurement light.
  • An anterior ocular segment observation device, and a fixation lamp display device that guides the line of sight in order to adjust the imaging position.
  • an AOSLO device that corrects wavefront aberration generated by an eye to be inspected using a spatial light modulator and obtains a planar image is configured, and the diopter of the eye to be inspected and optical by the eye to be inspected A good planar image of the fundus can be obtained regardless of aberration.
  • the compensation optical system is provided in order to capture a high-resolution planar image.
  • the compensation optical system may not be provided as long as the optical system has a high resolution.
  • the AOSLO apparatus 101 includes a head unit 102 that incorporates an optical system, a stage unit 103 that moves the head unit 102 in the horizontal and vertical directions, a face receiving unit 104 that adjusts the position of the subject's face, and an operation screen. It comprises a liquid crystal monitor 105 for displaying and a control PC 106 for controlling the entire AOSLO device 101.
  • the head unit 102 installed on the stage unit 103 tilts the joystick 107 in the horizontal direction (direction parallel to the paper surface in FIG. 1A) and rotates in the vertical direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 1A). Can be moved to.
  • the face receiving portion 104 includes a chin rest 108 on which a subject's chin is placed and a chin rest driving portion 109 that moves the chin rest 108 by an electric stage.
  • control PC 106 is a control PC for controlling the entire AOSLO apparatus 101.
  • an AD board 276-1 that converts each voltage signal obtained by the detectors 704-1 to 704-1, which will be described later, into a digital value, and a voltage signal obtained by the detector 238-2, which will be described later, are converted into digital values.
  • An AD board 276-2 for conversion is configured.
  • the driver unit 281 is a driver unit, which is connected to the control PC 106.
  • the driver unit 281 includes an optical scanner driving driver 282, an electric stage driving driver 283, a fixation lamp driving driver 284, an electric stage driving driver 285, and a spatial light modulator driving driver 288. Details of each operation will be described later.
  • AOSLO optical system ⁇ Configuration of AOSLO optical system>
  • the light emitted from the light source 201-1 of the AOSLO optical system enters the optical coupler 231 via the single mode fiber 230-1, and is divided into the reference light 205 and the measurement light 206-1.
  • Reference numerals 253-2 and 253-4 denote polarization controllers.
  • the light source 201-1 is an SLD (Super Luminescent Diode) light source that is a typical low-coherent light source.
  • the wavelength is 840 nm and the bandwidth is 50 nm.
  • a low coherent light source is selected to obtain a planar image with little speckle noise.
  • the type of the light source is not limited to the SLD light source as long as low-coherent light can be emitted, and an ASE (Amplified Spontaneous Emission) light source or the like can also be used.
  • ASE Ammitted Spontaneous Emission
  • near infrared light is suitable for the wavelength.
  • the wavelength affects the resolution in the horizontal direction of the obtained planar image, it is desirable that the wavelength be as short as possible, and here it is 840 nm. Other wavelengths may be selected depending on the measurement site to be observed.
  • the reference light 205 divided by the optical coupler 231 is incident on the light quantity measuring device 264 via the optical fiber 230-2.
  • the light quantity measuring device 264 is used for monitoring the light quantity of the measurement light 206-1 by measuring the light quantity of the reference light 205.
  • the measurement optical path of the measurement light 206-1 will be described.
  • the measurement light 206-1 split by the optical coupler 231 is guided to the lens 235-1 via the single mode fiber 230-4, and is adjusted so as to be substantially parallel light having a beam diameter of 4 mm.
  • the measurement light 206-1 that has become substantially parallel light passes through the beam splitters 258-3 and 258-1, passes through the lenses 235-5 to -6, and is applied to the spatial light modulator 259.
  • the spatial light modulator 259 is controlled by the control PC 106 via a spatial light modulator driving driver 288 in the driver unit 281.
  • a reflective spatial light modulator is used as an aberration correction device
  • a transmissive spatial light modulator or a deformable mirror may be used.
  • the measuring light 206-1 is modulated by the spatial light modulator 259, passes through the lenses 235-7 to 8 and is irradiated to the mirror of the XY scanner 219-1.
  • the XY scanner 219-1 is shown as a single mirror in the figure, but in reality, two mirrors, an X scanner and a Y scanner, are arranged close to each other, and the retina 227 is placed on the optical axis.
  • the measurement light 206-1 is raster scanned in the vertical direction.
  • each mirror of the XY scanner 219-1 is adjusted so that the center of the measurement light 206-1 coincides with the rotation center of each mirror of the XY scanner 219-1.
  • the X scanner is a scanner that scans the measurement light 206-1 in a direction parallel to the paper surface, and uses a resonance scanner.
  • the Y scanner is a scanner that scans the measuring light 206-1 in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and uses a galvano scanner.
  • the drive waveform of the galvano scanner is a sawtooth wave.
  • the XY scanner 219-1 is controlled by the control PC 106 via the optical scanner drive driver 282 in the driver unit 281.
  • the lenses 235-9 to 235 are an optical system for scanning the retina 227 with the measurement light 206-1, and have a role of scanning the retina 227 with the measurement light 206-1 about the pupil center of the eye 207 to be examined. is there.
  • the beam diameter of the measurement light 206-1 is 4 mm here, but the beam diameter may be larger in order to obtain a higher resolution optical image.
  • 217-1 is an electric stage, which can move in the direction shown by the arrow, and can adjust the focus position by moving the position of the associated lens 235-10.
  • the electric stage 217-1 is controlled by the control PC 106 via an electric stage drive driver 283 in the driver unit 281.
  • the measurement light 206-1 is focused on a predetermined layer of the retina 227 of the eye 207 to be examined, and the retina 227 can be observed and imaged. Further, it is possible to cope with a case where the eye 207 to be examined has a refractive error.
  • the return light 208 When the measurement light 206-1 enters the eye 207, the return light 208 is reflected or scattered from the retina 227, travels back along the measurement optical path, is reflected by the beam splitter 258-3, and enters the light receiving unit 700.
  • the incident return light 208 is branched and extracted by the branching unit and the aperture, and irradiated to the detectors 704-1 to 704-1.
  • the light intensity of the return light 208 is converted into a voltage signal and output, and a plane image of the fundus of the eye 207 to be examined is generated using the signal.
  • the detectors 704-1 to 704-1 for example, an APD (Avalanche Photo Diode) or a PMT (Photomultiplier Tube) which is a high-speed and high-sensitivity optical sensor is used.
  • the entire AOSLO optical system is mainly configured by using a refractive optical system using a lens, but may be configured by a reflective optical system using a spherical mirror instead of the lens.
  • the return light 208 incident on the light receiving unit 700 is collected by a lens 702 onto a branching unit 711 disposed at a position conjugate to the fundus and separated into confocal light 708 and non-confocal light 709. . Details of the separation of the confocal light and the non-confocal light by the branching unit 711 will be described later.
  • the confocal light 708 enters the detector 704-1, and the light irradiated on the detector 704-1 is converted into a voltage signal corresponding to the intensity of the light and transmitted to the control PC, and the AD board 276- in the control PC 106 is obtained. 1 is converted to a digital value.
  • the control PC 106 performs data processing in synchronization with the operation of the XY scanner 219-1 and the driving frequency, and generates an AOSLO image (confocal image).
  • the non-confocal light 709 enters the lens 707.
  • the non-confocal light 709 that has become substantially parallel light by the lens 707 is incident on a branching unit 706 such as a beam splitter cube, for example, and is amplitude-divided into transmitted light 720 and reflected light 730 at a ratio of 50:50.
  • the transmitted light 720 is condensed on the surface of a light shielding member (hereinafter simply referred to as an aperture) 722 having an aperture (opening) disposed at a position conjugate with the fundus by the lens 721, and the light transmitted through the aperture 722 is detected by the detector 704. -2.
  • the aperture 722 and the detector 704-2 are connected to the electric stage 723, and are moved in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the incident light 720 while maintaining the positional relationship.
  • the reflected light 730 is collected by the lens 731 onto the surface of the aperture 732 disposed at a position conjugate to the fundus, and the light transmitted through the aperture 732 enters the detector 704-3.
  • the aperture 732 and the detector 704-3 are connected to the electric stage 733, and are moved in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the incident light 730 while maintaining the positional relationship.
  • the electric stages 723 and 733 are controlled by the control PC 106 via an electric stage driving driver 285 in the driver unit 281.
  • the light irradiated to the detectors 704-2 and 704-3 is converted into a voltage signal corresponding to the intensity of the light, transmitted to the control PC 106, and converted into a digital value by the AD board 276-1 in the control PC 106.
  • the control PC 106 performs data processing in synchronization with the operation of the XY scanner 219-1 and the driving frequency, and generates an AOSLO image (non-confocal image).
  • an edge-enhanced image in which the edge is emphasized can be generated by performing the processing described later.
  • FIG. 5 is a view of the branching unit 711 as viewed from the incident optical axis side of the return light 208.
  • the branching unit 711 is a pinhole mirror, and has a transmission region 711t at the center of the measuring beam 206-1 that transmits only light that is confocal with the spot light collected on the retina 227. Only the confocal light 708 transmitted through the central transmission region 711t is applied to the detector 704-1.
  • the transmission region 711t is viewed from the side perpendicular to the reflecting surface so that when the branch portion 711 is disposed obliquely with respect to the optical axis of the return light 208, the transmission region 711t is circular when viewed from the optical axis direction of the return light 208.
  • the shape when viewed is an elliptical shape.
  • the diameter of the return light 208 viewed from the optical axis direction of the transmission region 711t is determined according to the spot diameter that can be realized when the measurement light 206-1 is collected on the retina 227 and the magnification of the AOSLO optical system. Then, it is about 68 ⁇ m.
  • a region around the transmission region 711t at the center of the branching portion 711 is a reflection region 711r that reflects light.
  • a configuration can be realized by vapor-depositing a reflective film on glass, or by making a hole in a part of the mirror.
  • the confocal light 708 that is the transmitted light guided to the detector 704-1 can be only the confocal light of the light condensed on the retina 227, and has high contrast and a focal depth. Shallow AOSLO images can be acquired.
  • the non-confocal light 709 that is reflected light from the reflection region 711r that is the peripheral part is mainly a scattered light component having information on the fine structure of the object to be inspected, and is suitable for imaging a fine structure.
  • the optical axis direction of the non-confocal light 709 can be freely changed according to the arrangement angle of the branching portion 711, the degree of freedom of the optical system layout can be increased with a simpler configuration, and a more compact device can be realized. can do.
  • the relationship between the transmission and reflection of the branching portion 711 is not limited to this, and the confocal region may be reflected and the non-confocal region may be transmitted. In this case, there is an advantage that ghost light is difficult to enter the confocal region.
  • FIG. 6 shows a transmission region 711t of a branching portion 711 arranged at a position conjugate with the fundus, and apertures 722 and 732 arranged at positions conjugate with the fundus (inside the respective circles hatched with diagonal lines).
  • FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram in a case where a transparent region that is an opening) is virtually arranged on the fundus retina 227 plane of the eye to be examined.
  • the straight line 742 connecting the aperture 722 and the aperture 732 and the Y axis in the fundus 227 of FIG. 3, the direction perpendicular to the optical axis and the paper plane, the X axis is also perpendicular to the optical axis and horizontal to the paper plane).
  • the formed angle is represented as ⁇ .
  • This ⁇ is a value set by the examiner or the control PC 106 in setting the aperture angle described later.
  • the electric stage 723 is driven via the electric stage drive driver 285 under the control signal from the control PC 106, and the aperture 722 and the detector 704-2 are moved to the positions shown in FIG. Move with.
  • the electric stage 733 is driven via the electric stage drive driver 285 based on a control signal from the control PC 106, and moves the aperture 732 and the detector 704-3 to the positions shown in FIG. 6 within the XY plane.
  • the aperture 722 and the aperture 732 are arranged so as to be point-symmetric with respect to the condensing point (center of 711t).
  • I2 is a digital value of the light reception signal of the detector 704-2 at a certain point in time when the light transmitted through the aperture 722 is present.
  • I3 is a digital value of the detector 704-3 at the same time as I2 of the light transmitted through the aperture 723.
  • this calculation has an effect of comparing scattered light intensities at spatially different positions, it works to emphasize the structure of structures with different degrees of scattering depending on the direction, and can acquire an outline enhanced image. .
  • it is possible to acquire an image with an emphasized outline for a structure having a direction perpendicular to a straight line 742 connecting the apertures.
  • the portion of the region 711t where the amount of return light is the largest is guided to the detector 704-1 as a signal for generating a confocal image, so that a high-contrast and fine confocal image can be obtained. At the same time, an edge-enhanced image can be acquired. Further, since the confocal light does not enter the photodetectors 704-2 and 704-3, a minute difference in scattered light intensity can be extracted.
  • the apertures 722 and 704-2 and the aperture 732 and the detector 704-3 are moved together, but only the aperture 722 and the aperture 732 may be moved. In that case, it is necessary to increase the light receiving area of the detector so that light transmitted through the aperture is incident on the detector even if the aperture moves.
  • the measuring light 206-3 emitted from the light source 201-3 is irradiated to the eye 207 to be observed through the lenses 235-15 to 16 and the dichroic mirror 270-4.
  • the measurement light 206-3 is incident eccentrically from the center of the cornea of the eye 207 to avoid reflection from the cornea 226.
  • a part of the return light 208 ′′ of the measurement light 201-3 is incident on the wavefront sensor 255 via the beam splitter 258-1 such as a dichroic mirror and the pinhole 298, and the return light 208 generated by the eye 207 to be examined.
  • Wavefront aberration is measured.
  • the pinhole 298 is installed for the purpose of shielding unnecessary light other than the return light 208 ′′.
  • the wavefront sensor 255 is electrically connected to the control PC 106.
  • the wavefront sensor 255 is a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor.
  • the aberration information obtained by the wavefront sensor 255 is expressed by the control PC 106 using a Zernike polynomial.
  • the center wavelength of the light source 201-3 is 760 nm, and the wavelength width is 20 nm.
  • the cornea 226, the XY scanner 219-1, the wavefront sensor 255, and the spatial light modulator 259 are arranged with lenses 235-5 to 10 and the like so as to have an optically conjugate positional relationship. Therefore, the wavefront sensor 255 can measure the wavefront aberration caused by the eye 207 to be examined. Further, the spatial light modulator 259 can correct wavefront aberration caused by the eye 207 to be examined.
  • the configuration for measuring the wavefront aberration of the eye 207 to be examined using beacon light has been described.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the measurement light 206-1 may also serve as the wavefront measurement light.
  • the return light 208 reflected and scattered by the retina 227 of the measurement light 206-1 travels back along the measurement optical path, is reflected by the beam splitter 258-1, and is guided to the wavefront sensor 255, whereby the wavefront of the eye 207 to be examined is obtained. Aberration is measured.
  • WFSLO can acquire a planar image of the eye to be examined with a wider angle of view than AOSLO, and is useful in determining the acquisition position of an AOSLO image.
  • the WFSLO optical system has basically the same configuration as the AOSLO optical system. Therefore, the description of the overlapping parts is omitted.
  • the measurement optical path of the WFSLO measurement light 206-2 will be described.
  • the measurement light 206-2 emitted from the light source 201-2 includes lenses 235-11 and 12, beam splitter 258-2, lens 235-2, XY scanner 219-2, lenses 235-13 and 14, and dichroic mirror 270-.
  • the eye 207 to be inspected is irradiated through 3, 2, and 1.
  • the light source 201-2 is an SLD light source similar to the AOSLO unit, and has a wavelength of 920 nm and a bandwidth of 20 nm.
  • the X scanner which is a component of the XY scanner 219-2, is a scanner that scans the measurement light 206-2 in a direction parallel to the paper surface, and uses a resonance scanner.
  • the Y scanner is a scanner that scans the measuring light 206-2 in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and uses a galvano scanner.
  • the driving waveform is a sawtooth wave.
  • the beam diameter of the measuring beam 206-2 is 1 mm here, but the beam diameter may be increased in order to obtain a higher resolution image.
  • the measurement light 206-2 When the measurement light 206-2 is incident on the eye 207 to be examined, the measurement light 206-2 becomes return light 208 'due to reflection and scattering at the retina 227.
  • the return light 208 ′ travels backward in the measurement optical path, is deflected in the reflection direction by the beam splitter 258-2, and enters the detector 238-2 through the lenses 235-3 and 4.
  • the light applied to the detector 238-2 is converted into a voltage signal corresponding to the intensity of the light.
  • the voltage signal obtained by the detector 238-2 is transmitted to the control PC 106 and converted into a digital value by the AD board 276-2 in the control PC 106. Then, the control PC 106 performs data processing in synchronization with the operation of the XY scanner 219-2 and the drive frequency, and generates a WFSLO image.
  • the fixation lamp optical system is an optical system for projecting a fixation lamp having a predetermined shape on a predetermined position at a predetermined position in order to promote fixation of the subject.
  • the fixation lamp 256 uses a liquid crystal display, an organic EL display, an LED array, or the like that includes a light emitting display module and has a display surface on the XY plane.
  • a light beam 257 from the fixation lamp 256 is applied to the retina 227 via the lenses 235-17 to -18 and the dichroic mirrors 270-1 to 270-3.
  • the lenses 235-17 and 18 are arranged so that the display surface of the fixation lamp 256 and the retina 227 are in an optically conjugate positional relationship.
  • the fixation lamp 256 is controlled by the control PC 106 via a fixation lamp driving driver 284 in the driver unit 281.
  • fixation or rotation of the eye 207 to be examined is promoted.
  • a pattern such as a cross, a cross, a rectangle, or a circle is lit or blinked at an arbitrary lighting position.
  • anterior ocular segment observation optical system ⁇ Configuration of anterior ocular segment observation optical system> Next, the anterior ocular segment observation optical system will be described.
  • the anterior ocular segment image obtained by the anterior ocular segment observation optical system is useful when aligning the test eye and the apparatus.
  • the light emitted from the anterior illumination light source 201-4 illuminates the subject's eye 207, and the reflected light enters the CCD camera 260 through the dichroic mirrors 207-1, 2, 4, and lenses 235-19, 20. To do.
  • the light source 201-4 is an LED having a center wavelength of 740 nm.
  • the optical system built in the head unit 102 includes the AOSLO unit, the beacon unit, the WFSLO unit, the fixation lamp unit, and the anterior eye unit observation unit.
  • the AOSLO unit, the beacon unit, the WFSLO unit, and the fixation lamp unit each have electric stages 217-1 to 21-4, and adjust the focus position by moving the four electric stages in conjunction with each other. However, if it is desired to individually adjust the focus position, it can be adjusted by moving the electric stage individually.
  • Each of the AOSLO unit, the WFSLO unit, and the beacon unit includes a shutter (not shown), and can control whether measurement light is incident on the eye 207 individually by opening and closing the shutter.
  • the shutter can be controlled by directly turning on / off the light sources 201-1 to 201-3.
  • the anterior ocular segment observation unit and the fixation lamp unit can be controlled by turning on / off the light source 201-4 and the fixation lamp 256.
  • the lens 235-10 can be exchanged, and a spherical lens or a cylindrical lens can be used in accordance with the aberration (refractive abnormality) caused by the eye 207 to be examined.
  • a plurality of lenses may be installed in combination.
  • Reference numeral 501 is an execution button for instructing the start of imaging.
  • Reference numeral 502 denotes a STOP button for instructing the end of processing.
  • Reference numeral 503 denotes an electric stage button for instructing fine adjustment of the chin rest.
  • Reference numeral 504 denotes a focus adjustment button for adjusting the focus.
  • Reference numeral 505 denotes a WFSLO imaging button for instructing start of imaging of a WFSLO image.
  • Reference numeral 506 denotes an aberration measurement button for instructing the start of aberration measurement.
  • Reference numeral 507 denotes an AOSLO imaging button for instructing the start of imaging of the AOSLO image.
  • Reference numeral 508 denotes an aberration correction pause button for instructing to pause aberration correction.
  • Reference numeral 511 denotes an aberration correction display unit that displays the value of the aberration amount.
  • Reference numeral 512 denotes an anterior segment display unit on which an anterior segment image is displayed.
  • Reference numeral 513 denotes a fixation lamp position display unit for instructing the lighting position of the fixation lamp 256.
  • Reference numeral 514 denotes a wavefront sensor display unit on which a Hartmann image detected by the wavefront sensor 255 is displayed.
  • Reference numeral 515 denotes a WFSLO display unit on which a WFSLO image is displayed.
  • Reference numeral 516 denotes a WFSLO intensity display unit that displays the intensity of the output signal of the detector 238-2.
  • Reference numeral 517 denotes a WFSLO recording button for instructing recording of a WFSLO image.
  • Reference numeral 518 denotes an AOSLO display unit on which an AOSLO (confocal) image is displayed.
  • Reference numeral 519 denotes an AOSLO intensity display unit that displays the intensity of the output signal of the detector 704-1.
  • Reference numeral 520 denotes an AOSLO recording button for instructing recording of an AOSLO image.
  • Reference numeral 521 denotes an automatic focus button for instructing automatic focus.
  • Reference numeral 522 denotes an aberration correction button for instructing the start of aberration correction.
  • Reference numeral 523 denotes an imaging condition setting button for instructing to change the set imaging condition.
  • Reference numeral 524 denotes a depth adjustment button for instructing adjustment of the depth of the AOSLO image to be captured.
  • Reference numeral 550 denotes a contour enhancement mode button for instructing a contour enhancement mode for a non-confocal image.
  • Reference numeral 551 denotes a display unit for a contour-enhanced image generated from the detector 704-2 and the detector 704-2.
  • a non-confocal image display unit 552 displays a non-confocal image acquired by the detector 704-2.
  • a non-confocal image display unit 553 displays a non-confocal image acquired by the detector 704-3.
  • Reference numeral 554 denotes an angle adjusting unit for changing the angle for emphasizing the outline.
  • Reference numeral 555 denotes an aperture interval adjusting unit for adjusting the interval between the aperture 722 and the aperture 732, and details of the operation will be described in the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 shows an imaging flow in the present embodiment. Below, each process is described. Note that control is performed from the control PC 106 unless otherwise specified.
  • step S101 the apparatus is started up and various checks are performed.
  • measurement control software is activated in the device, and the control software screen shown in FIG. In this state, the subject sets the face on the face receiving unit 104.
  • step S102 an anterior ocular segment image is acquired in step S102.
  • the anterior segment image captured by the CCD camera 260 is displayed on the anterior segment display unit 512.
  • the operator uses the joystick 107 to move the head unit 102 to a substantially correct position.
  • the operator presses the electric stage button 503 on the control screen to finely move the chin rest drive unit 109.
  • a WFSLO image is acquired in step S103.
  • the WFSLO image captured by the detector 238-2 is displayed on the WFSLO display unit 515.
  • the fixation lamp position display unit 513 sets the fixation lamp at the center position, and guides the line of sight of the eye 207 to be centered.
  • the operator instructs adjustment using the focus adjustment button 504 while looking at the WFSLO intensity display portion 516.
  • the operator instructs adjustment so that the signal intensity displayed on the WFSLO intensity display unit 516 is increased.
  • the WFSLO intensity display unit 516 displays the signal intensity detected by the detector 238-2 of the WFSLO unit in time series in the horizontal axis time and the vertical axis signal intensity.
  • the positions of the lenses 235-10, 14, 16, and 18 are simultaneously moved to adjust the focus position.
  • the WFSLO data is stored in a storage unit (not shown).
  • step S104 the acquisition position of the AOSLO image is determined in step S104.
  • the operator confirms the WFSLO image displayed on the WFSLO display unit 515, and determines the position where the AOSLO image is to be acquired using the means described later.
  • the line of sight of the eye 207 to be examined is guided using the fixation lamp 256 so that the position is at the center of the WFSLO display unit 515.
  • One is a method in which the operator designates the position of the fixation lamp in the fixation lamp position display unit 513, and the fixation lamp at the designated position is turned on.
  • the other is a method in which the operator indicates a desired position on the WFSLO display unit 515.
  • the pixel on the WFSLO display unit 515 and the position of the fixation lamp are stored in association with each other, and the position of the fixation lamp is automatically moved according to an instruction to guide the line of sight to a desired position.
  • the process proceeds to the next step.
  • step S105 aberration correction is performed in step S105.
  • the measurement light 206-2 that is the WFSLO measurement light is blocked, the shutter of the beacon light emitted from the light source 201-3 is opened, and the measurement light 206-3 that is the beacon light is opened. Irradiate the eye 207 to be examined.
  • the Hartmann image detected by the wavefront sensor 255 is displayed on the wavefront sensor display unit 514.
  • the wavefront aberration calculated from the Hartmann image is displayed on the aberration correction display unit 511. Wavefront aberration is displayed separately for a defocus component ( ⁇ m unit) and all aberration amounts ( ⁇ m RMS unit).
  • step S103 since the positions of the lenses 235-10 and 16 which are focus lenses for the AOSLO measurement light and the beacon light are adjusted, preparation for aberration measurement is completed in this step. Specifically, the return light 208 ′′ with respect to the measurement light 206-3 passes through the pinhole 298 without being lost and reaches the wavefront sensor 255.
  • the automatic focus button 521 when the automatic focus button 521 is pressed, the positions of the lenses 235-10, 14, 16, and 18 are adjusted so that the defocus value becomes smaller.
  • the spatial light modulator 259 is adjusted in the direction in which the amount of aberration decreases, and the value of the amount of aberration is displayed in real time.
  • the AOSLO imaging button 507 When the value of the amount of aberration falls below a preset threshold value (for example, 0.03 ⁇ m RMS), the AOSLO imaging button 507 is automatically pressed, and the process moves to the next step.
  • the threshold value of the aberration amount can be set arbitrarily. If the value does not fall below the threshold, the operator presses the aberration correction pause button 508 to stop aberration correction, and then presses the AOSLO measurement button 507 to move to the next step.
  • step S106 the initial angle of the non-confocal aperture is set.
  • an initial angle of ⁇ which is an angle formed by the straight line connecting the non-confocal apertures 722 and 732, and the Y axis is set.
  • This initial angle is stored in advance in a memory (not shown) built in the control PC 106 and is preferably an angle that is easy for the examiner to recognize, such as parallel to the X direction or parallel to the Y direction.
  • the angle is not limited to this, and may be an angle when the previous inspection is finished.
  • the blood vessel running direction of the fundus of the human eye and the running direction of the ganglion fiber layer have a certain tendency for each region, although there are individual differences. For this reason, when the acquisition position of the AOSLO image is determined in step S104, the control PC 106 predicts the traveling direction of the structure that automatically falls within the angle of view, and the non-confocal aperture is perpendicular to the traveling direction. You may decide the angle. Thus, by automatically predicting and arranging the angle of the non-confocal aperture, the man-hours for the operator can be reduced and the throughput can be improved.
  • step S107 an AOSLO image is acquired in step S107.
  • the measurement light 206-3 which is a beacon light
  • the shutter of the AOSLO measurement light 206-1 is opened, and the measurement light 206-1 is irradiated to the eye 207 to be examined.
  • An aberration corrected AOSLO image is displayed on the AOSLO display unit 518.
  • non-confocal images are displayed on the non-confocal image display units 552 and 553 on which the non-confocal images acquired by the detectors 704-2 and 704-3 are displayed.
  • the AOSLO intensity display unit 519 displays the signal intensity detected by the detector 704-1 of the AOSLO unit in time series in the same manner as the WFSLO intensity display unit 516.
  • the operator adjusts the focus position and the chin rest position while looking at the AOSLO strength display section 519, and instructs the adjustment so that the signal strength is increased.
  • the operator can instruct the imaging angle of view, the frame rate, and the imaging time by using the imaging condition setting button 523.
  • the operator can adjust the imaging range in the depth direction of the eye 207 by adjusting the depth adjustment button 524 and moving the lens 235-10.
  • an AOSLO image of a desired layer such as a photoreceptor cell layer, a nerve fiber layer, or a pigment epithelium layer can be acquired.
  • the AOSLO recording button 520 the AOSLO data is stored in the storage unit. Thereafter, the measuring light 206-1 is blocked.
  • step S108 the angle of the non-confocal aperture is set.
  • the operator operates the angle adjusting unit 554, specifically, rotates an indicator or the like indicating the angle.
  • the motorized stages 723 and 733 are driven based on the signal from the control PC 106 so that the non-confocal apertures 722 and 732 have the apparent angular arrangement on the indicated fundus conjugate plane. Details of this operation will be described with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 9A is a confocal image of the blood vessel part of the eye retina 227, and the blood vessel 228 travels from the upper right to the lower left.
  • the apparent non-confocal aperture arrangement on the fundus conjugate plane is set by the angle adjustment unit 554 in a direction from the upper right to the lower left substantially parallel to the traveling direction of the blood vessel 228. To do. Then, there is no great difference between the intensity of the diffused light transmitted through the aperture 722 and the intensity of the diffused light transmitted through the aperture 732. For this reason, the enhanced image generated from the difference between the signals of the detectors 704-2 and 704-3 is as shown in FIG. 9C, and the outline of the blood vessel cannot be strongly enhanced.
  • the apparent non-confocal aperture arrangement on the fundus conjugate plane is set by the angle adjustment unit 554 in the direction from the upper left to the lower right substantially orthogonal to the traveling direction of the blood vessel 228 as shown in FIG. 9D.
  • the angle adjustment unit 554 in the direction from the upper left to the lower right substantially orthogonal to the traveling direction of the blood vessel 228 as shown in FIG. 9D.
  • the enhanced image generated from the difference between the signals of the detectors 704-2 and 704-3 is as shown in FIG. 9E, and the outline of the blood vessel can be strongly enhanced.
  • an index indicating the angle being set for example, a straight line, may be displayed on the outline-enhanced image displayed on the display unit 551 with the center of the region or the position specified by the operator as the center.
  • step S109 a contour-enhanced image of the AOSLO image is generated and displayed.
  • the control PC 106 uses the above-described equation (1) for calculating the above-described contour-enhanced image.
  • a contour-enhanced image is generated at.
  • the image obtained by the calculation is displayed on the display unit 551 of the outline enhanced image.
  • the operator confirms that the contour-enhanced image is clearly displayed on the contour-enhanced image display unit 551.
  • AOSLO data confocal image, non-confocal image, contour emphasis image, setting angle, etc.
  • step S110 it is selected whether or not to change the angle of the aperture. If changed, the process returns to step S106, and if not changed, the process proceeds to the next step.
  • step S111 it is selected whether or not to change the imaging position. If changed, the process returns to step S104. If not changed, the process proceeds to the next step.
  • step S112 it is selected whether to switch the left and right eyes. If the left and right eyes are switched, the process returns to step S102. If not switched, the process proceeds to the next step, and the STOP button 502 is pressed to end the imaging process.
  • the confocal light and the non-confocal light are spatially divided, and the non-confocal light is amplitude-divided by a beam splitter cube or the like, and an aperture is provided in each optical path, and each is independent.
  • the aperture is movable.
  • the apparent interval between the two apertures 722 and 732 on the fundus conjugate plane is only a predetermined interval, but in this embodiment, the apparent interval between the two apertures 722 and 732 is changed. It features a variable part. Hereinafter, only the characteristic part of the present embodiment will be described, and the description of the part having the same configuration as that of the first embodiment will be omitted.
  • the configuration of the AOSLO apparatus, the configuration of the control unit, the configuration of the optical system, and the configuration of the control software screen are the same as those in the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.
  • a characteristic imaging flow in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11.
  • FIG. 10 shows an imaging flow in the present embodiment. Steps S201 to S206 are the same steps as steps S101 to S106 of the imaging flow in the first embodiment.
  • step S207 an apparent initial interval on the fundus conjugate plane of the non-confocal aperture is set.
  • the initial interval is stored in advance in a memory (not shown) built in the control PC 106, and an interval such that the non-confocal apertures are adjacent to each other is used. Further, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be an interval when the previous inspection is finished.
  • the process proceeds to step S208, and an AOSLO image is acquired and displayed.
  • Step S208 and Step S209 are the same steps as Step S107 and Step S108 of the imaging flow in the first embodiment, respectively.
  • Step S210 is a characteristic process in the present embodiment, and is a non-confocal aperture interval setting.
  • the operator operates the aperture interval control unit 555 of the control software in FIG. 7, and specifically slides an indicator or the like indicating the interval. Then, the electric stages 723 and 733 are driven based on the signal from the control PC 106 so that the non-confocal apertures 722 and 732 are arranged at an apparent interval on the instructed fundus conjugate plane. The action of changing the apparent non-confocal aperture interval on the fundus conjugate plane will be described with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 11A is a diagram conceptually representing the reflected light and the scattered light as irradiated with the measuring light 206-1 on the structure 227p.
  • the return lights 208-4 and 208-5 have a larger angle with respect to the incident optical axis than the return lights 208-2 and 208-3, and the light intensity is A sufficiently small example is shown. Further, when the return lights 208-4 and 208-5 are compared, the return light 208-5 shows an example that is sufficiently smaller than the return light 208-4.
  • FIGS. 11B and 11C show the apparent non-confocal apertures 722 and 732 on the fundus conjugate plane and the transmission region 711t at the branching portion 711.
  • FIG. 11B shows a case where the non-confocal aperture interval is set narrow by operation of the aperture interval adjusting unit 555 in step S210
  • FIG. 11C expresses a case where the non-confocal aperture interval is set wide. Yes.
  • the apparent interval on the fundus conjugate plane of the non-confocal aperture is d1.
  • the return light 208-1 that is substantially coaxial with the measurement light 206-1 enters the detector 704-1 via the transmission region 711t, and generates a confocal image.
  • the return lights 208-2 and 208-4 that are biased to the + X side with respect to the measurement optical axis enter the detector 704-2 via the aperture 722, and generate a first non-confocal image.
  • the return beams 208-3 and 208-5 that are biased toward the -X side enter the detector 704-3 via the aperture 732, and generate a second non-confocal image.
  • the ratio of the light intensity of the return lights 208-2 and 208-3 is large in the two non-confocal images, the difference between the return lights 208-4 and 208-5 cannot be sufficiently emphasized. Can not perform strong edge enhancement.
  • the apparent interval on the fundus conjugate plane of the non-confocal aperture is d2, and d1 ⁇ d2.
  • the return light 208-1 in FIG. 11A enters the detector 704-1 through the transmission region 711t, as in FIG. 11B, and generates a confocal image.
  • the return light 208-4 is incident on the detector 704 via the aperture 722 and generates a first non-confocal image.
  • the return light 208-5 is incident on the detector 704-3 via the aperture 732 and generates a second non-confocal image.
  • the return beams 208-2 and 208-3 pass through both the transmission region 711t and the openings of the apertures 722 and 732. Absent. Therefore, the return lights 208-2 and 208-3 are not irradiated to any detector, and do not contribute to image generation. With such a configuration, the return lights 208-4 and 208-5 having a large difference in return light intensity depending on the direction of scattering become dominant for the generation of a non-confocal image. Therefore, strong edge enhancement can be performed in the enhanced image generated by the two non-confocal images.
  • the degree of contour enhancement can be changed by changing the apparent interval on the fundus conjugate plane of the non-confocal aperture.
  • the closer to the confocal region the higher the intensity of the return light, so that the signal intensity increases and an image with low noise can be acquired.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • it may be automatically determined by the control PC 106.
  • the return light intensity due to scattering generally decreases as the distance from the confocal region increases and increases as the distance from the confocal region increases. For this reason, the outputs of the detectors 704-2 and 704-3 are monitored, and if the output is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold, the interval between the non-confocal apertures is increased until each output becomes substantially the threshold.
  • the apertures are arranged apart from each other, and when the intensity of the scattered light is low, the apertures are arranged close to each other so that a contour-enhanced image with less noise can be obtained. It can be acquired regardless of the reflection and scattered light distribution of the inspection object.
  • the light shielding member having the opening and the detector that receives the light transmitted through the opening are moved.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the present invention includes a case where a light shielding member having a reflecting portion and a detector that receives light reflected by the reflecting portion are moved.
  • the present invention supplies a program that realizes one or more functions of the above-described embodiments to a system or apparatus via a network or a storage medium, and one or more processors in a computer of the system or apparatus read and execute the program
  • This process can be realized. It can also be realized by a circuit (for example, ASIC) that realizes one or more functions.
  • This program and a computer-readable storage medium storing the program are included in the present invention.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'imagerie ophtalmique présentant : un premier moyen de division pour diviser la lumière de retour depuis un objet d'inspection irradié par la lumière de mesure dans deux sens ; un premier et un second moyen de réception de lumière pour recevoir, par l'intermédiaire de la première et de la seconde ouverture prévues dans un trajet optique de chaque lumière, la lumière divisée par le premier moyen de division ; un moyen de génération pour générer une image sur la base des signaux de réception de lumière depuis le premier et le second moyen de réception de lumière ; et un moyen de mouvement pour déplacer les positions des première et seconde ouverture dans un plan perpendiculaire à leurs axes optiques respectifs ; le moyen de mouvement déplaçant la première et la seconde ouverture indépendamment l'une de l'autre.
PCT/JP2018/010886 2017-03-27 2018-03-19 Dispositif d'imagerie ophtalmique et son procédé de commande WO2018180730A1 (fr)

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CN109692009A (zh) * 2018-12-29 2019-04-30 佛山科学技术学院 人眼毛细血管血氧测量装置及方法
JP2020178939A (ja) * 2019-04-25 2020-11-05 キヤノン株式会社 眼科撮像装置及びその制御方法
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