WO2018177023A1 - 熔融渣余热回收系统 - Google Patents

熔融渣余热回收系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018177023A1
WO2018177023A1 PCT/CN2018/075009 CN2018075009W WO2018177023A1 WO 2018177023 A1 WO2018177023 A1 WO 2018177023A1 CN 2018075009 W CN2018075009 W CN 2018075009W WO 2018177023 A1 WO2018177023 A1 WO 2018177023A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
slag
heat exchange
water
pipe
group
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PCT/CN2018/075009
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨健杉
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湖南星华能源科技服务有限公司
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Publication of WO2018177023A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018177023A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
    • C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
    • C21B3/08—Cooling slag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a waste heat recovery system device, in particular to a molten slag waste heat recovery system of a steel plant blast furnace slag and converter slag.
  • blast furnace slag At present, about 3,000 tons of blast furnace slag is produced per ton of pig iron in the blast furnace of the steel plant.
  • the temperature of the slag just discharged is about 1500 °C, and the slag of 1 ton of blast furnace contains about 1700 MJ of heat, which is equivalent to the calorific value of 0.058 t of standard coal.
  • the slag production capacity of the blast furnace is about 210 million tons, and the heat contained is converted into standard coal of about 12.18 million tons. It can be seen that the blast furnace slag just discharged has a high value of waste heat recovery.
  • Blast furnace slag cooling treatment is a necessary process, such as water quenching method, the slag treated by water quenching process is used for cement base.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that the residual heat of blast furnace slag is not recovered, but also wasteful.
  • a large amount of water resources, the harmful steam generated during water quenching also causes serious pollution to the atmosphere, water and soil, and the working environment is also very bad.
  • the steel industry faces many environmental issues that sustain sustainable development strategies. Among them, high-efficiency and high-grade recovery of blast furnace slag waste heat has become a technical bottleneck that needs to be broken.
  • the common feature of the above waste heat recovery treatment process is that the residual heat of the slag is recovered in the form of medium (gas, steam, hot water), so how to effectively recover the waste heat of the blast furnace slag, reduce the environmental pollution caused by the treatment process, and reduce the pollution.
  • medium gas, steam, hot water
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a molten slag waste heat recovery system which is simple and reasonable in structure, small in floor space, and high in waste heat recovery efficiency.
  • the system includes a slag feed system, a slag heat exchange device, and a steam water system;
  • the slag heat exchange device is composed of at least one heat exchange unit
  • the heat exchange unit adopts one of the following four configurations:
  • slag heat exchange chamber surrounded by a slag heat exchange plate and a slag baffle, wherein the upper and lower portions of the slag heat exchange chamber are an upper material port and a lower material port, respectively, and a melting portion is disposed below the lower material port Slag board
  • a sealed cavity is formed by the pressure bearing shell, the upper end plate of the outer casing and the lower end plate of the outer casing, the water inlet and the water outlet are arranged on the cavity, and at least one slag heat exchange tube is installed in the cavity through the upper end plate of the outer casing and the lower end plate of the outer casing. That is, the outer wall of the slag heat exchange tube and the inner space of the cavity constitute a heat exchange water chamber under pressure, and the inner chambers of all the slag heat exchange tubes are slag heat exchange chambers, above the slag heat exchange chamber and The lower part is the upper material port and the lower material port, and the lower part of the material port is arranged below the slag plate;
  • slag heat exchange chamber 143 a slag heat exchange chamber surrounded by a slag heat exchange plate, wherein the upper portion of the slag heat exchange chamber is an upper feed port, and a closed structure of the slag heat exchange chamber is closed;
  • a sealed cavity is formed by the pressure bearing shell, the upper end plate of the outer casing and the lower end plate of the outer casing, and the water inlet and the water outlet are arranged on the cavity, and at least one slag heat exchange tube is installed in the cavity through the upper end plate of the outer casing, that is: melting
  • the outer wall of the slag heat exchange tube and the inner space of the cavity constitute a heat exchange water chamber under pressure, and the inner cavity of all the slag heat exchange tubes is a slag heat exchange chamber, and the upper portion of the slag heat exchange chamber is an upper feed port.
  • the slag heat exchanger plate is selected from one of the following five structures:
  • the heat exchange tube is installed on the panel, and the two structures have a structural strength, and each heat exchange tube has a water inlet and a water outlet;
  • the heat exchange tube is installed on the panel, and the heat conductive substrate is filled in the gap between the outer walls of the adjacent heat exchange tubes, and the three structures have a structural strength, and each heat exchange tube has a water inlet. And the water outlet;
  • a plate-like structure having a structural strength formed by a heat-conducting substrate, wherein a water channel through which a water supply flows is disposed, and two inlets of the water channel are provided with a water inlet and a water outlet;
  • Type 125 consists of two panels and partitions; the partition is installed between the two panels to form a water supply flow channel, and the water inlet and outlet are provided at the two ends of the water channel;
  • a slag injector is disposed at an output end of the slag feeding system, and a slag injector is disposed above the upper nozzle;
  • the slag heat exchange device selects a static structure or a movable structure according to actual needs
  • the slag feeding system selects a moving structure or a static structure according to actual needs
  • the steam water system is matched with the slag heat exchange device of the static structure as follows: consists of a water inlet pipe, an inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe and an outlet pipe; all the water inlets are connected to the water inlet pipe through the water inlet pipe All the water outlets are connected to the outlet pipe through the water outlet pipe to form a heat exchanger for the waste heat recovery and utilization device;
  • the steam water system is matched with the slag heat exchange device of the moving structure as follows: consists of a water inlet pipe, an inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, an outlet pipe, a pressure-resistant deformable pipe or a rotary joint; all the water inlets The water inlet pipe and the pressure-resistant deformable pipe or the rotary joint are connected with the water inlet pipe, and all the water outlets are connected with the water outlet pipe through the water outlet pipe and the pressure-resistant deformable pipe or the rotary joint to form a heat exchanger of the waste heat recovery device.
  • the heat conductive substrate is made of a material having good thermal conductivity, such as steel or iron or copper or aluminum;
  • the heat exchange tube is a straight tube or a coil or a serpentine tube or a U-tube structure:
  • the slag heat exchange chamber is selected from one of the following two structures:
  • the slag heat exchange chamber is a fixed volume structure
  • the slag heat exchange chamber is a variable volume structure; when the heat exchange unit of the 151, 153 type structure is arranged, the heat exchange chamber opening and closing device is installed on the slag heat exchange device, on the side plate of each heat exchange unit
  • the telescopic component is installed, and the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are configured to adopt a pressure-resistant deformable pipe; in the process of discharging the solid slag block, the heat exchange cavity opening and closing device and the telescopic component pull or push the side plate of the heat exchange unit to melt
  • the slag heat exchange chamber has a large cavity and is easy to discharge solid slag;
  • the slag heat exchange device with the 131 type slag heat exchange chamber can be configured with a slag discharge device, and the heat transfer surface of the slag heat exchange chamber, that is, the heat receiving surface of the slag heat exchange plate is a flat surface structure, or a face structure of longitudinal ribs and/or grooves;
  • the slag heat exchange device with the 132 type slag heat exchange chamber can be configured with a slag discharge device, and the heat transfer surface of the slag heat exchange chamber, that is, the heat receiving surface of the slag heat exchange plate is a flat surface structure, or The surface structure of the ribs and/or grooves;
  • the slag discharge device configured by the heat exchange unit of the 153, 154 type adopts one of the following three structures:
  • 082 comprising a turning device, wherein the turning device is installed between the slag heat exchange device and the base thereof, and the longitudinal section of the slag heat exchange chamber is upper and lower;
  • 083 comprising a turning device, wherein the turning device is installed between the heat exchange unit and the base thereof, and the longitudinal section of the slag heat exchange chamber is upper and lower;
  • the slag heat exchange device can be equipped with a slag cleaner or/and a cloth sifter for cleaning debris remaining on the slag surface of the heat exchange unit, and then on the slag surface or/and the heat transfer surface
  • An auxiliary material is disposed on the cloth, and the auxiliary material seals the contact surface of the lubricating slag injector and the heat exchange unit, and facilitates slag discharge.
  • the slag heat exchange device of the static structure adopts one of the following structures:
  • All heat exchange units are arranged on the same ring, and the ring is horizontally mounted on the bracket, with all the upper feed ports facing upward;
  • All heat exchange units are arranged at a step position of a plurality of steps, the step of the steps is mounted on the bracket, and all the upper feed ports are upward;
  • the slag heat exchange device of the moving structure adopts one of the following structures:
  • All heat exchange units are arranged in the same vertically mounted circular wheel bracket.
  • the circular wheel bracket is equipped with the actuator and is mounted on the support roller.
  • the support wheel supports the slag heat exchange through the circular wheel bracket.
  • the device rotates together around the horizontal axis, and all the upper nozzles face or both face away from the center point of the round wheel;
  • the slag injector is installed in the inner ring of the slag heat exchanger or the outer part of the outer ring;
  • the slag heat exchange device rotates vertically like a hula hoop around a horizontal axis, and the molten slag is injected into a designated slag heat exchange chamber through a slag injector;
  • All heat exchange units are arranged in the same vertically mounted wheel-shaped bracket.
  • the wheel-shaped bracket is configured with the actuator and mounted on the horizontal support shaft, supported by the horizontal support shaft, and the horizontal support shaft is mounted on the bracket; the transmission passes through the wheel
  • the shaped bracket drives the slag heat exchange device to rotate together around the horizontal axis;
  • the wheel-shaped bracket adopts an automobile hub type single side support or a bicycle type through shaft bilateral support or a broken shaft type bilateral support, and the horizontal support shaft is a solid shaft or a hollow
  • the shaft structure adopts a hollow shaft structure, or a water pipe or a hollow portion is arranged therein to constitute a water flow passage; all the upper material ports are oriented toward or away from the center point of the round wheel;
  • the slag injector is installed in the slag heat exchanger The middle part of the inner ring or the outer part of the outer ring; during operation, the slag heat exchange device rotates vertically like a wheel around the horizontal axis, and the
  • All heat exchange units are arranged on the same horizontally mounted wheel-shaped bracket.
  • the wheel-shaped bracket is equipped with the actuator and mounted on the vertical support shaft.
  • the vertical support shaft is supported by the vertical support shaft, and the vertical support shaft is mounted on the bracket.
  • the shaped bracket drives the slag heat exchange device to rotate together around the vertical axis;
  • the vertical support shaft is a solid shaft or a hollow shaft structure, and when the hollow shaft structure is adopted, the water pipe or the hollow portion is arranged therein to form a water flow passage; all the upper material ports are Upward;
  • the slag injector is located above the upper nozzle; during operation, the slag heat exchanger rotates horizontally about the vertical axis, and the molten slag is injected into the designated slag heat exchange chamber through the slag injector;
  • All heat exchange units are arranged on the same horizontally mounted movable bracket.
  • the brackets are mounted on linear or curved support rails. Supported by support rails, the brackets are equipped with actuators, and the actuators drive the slag through the movable brackets.
  • the heat exchange device reciprocates on the support track, all the upper feed ports are upward; the slag injection device is installed above the upper feed port; during operation, the slag heat exchange device moves back and forth, and the molten slag passes through the slag filler Injection into a specified slag heat exchange chamber;
  • the heat exchange unit of the 153, 154 type can also be arranged on the same belt conveyor, each heat exchange unit is hinged or mounted on the hinged support member, the belt conveyor is configured with a transmission, and the transmission is replaced.
  • the hot unit is used for the belt type circulating motion.
  • the heat exchange unit moves to the top of the belt conveyor, all the upper feed ports are facing upwards, and when the heat exchange unit is moved under the belt conveyor, all the upper feed ports are facing downward; the slag
  • the injection device is installed above the upper material port; during operation, the heat exchange unit performs a belt type circulating motion, and the molten slag is injected into the designated slag heat exchange chamber through the slag injector;
  • the slag heat exchange devices of the types 2211, 2212, 2213, 22210, 22211, 22220, 22221, 2223, 2224 can be equipped with one of the following slag feed systems of the movable structure:
  • E1 consists of a slag source inlet, a fixed slag channel, a transition sump, a transition sump support and a movable slag track; the inlet of the fixed slag channel is connected to the slag source inlet, and the outlet is located above the inlet of the transition chamber; the transition chamber support is installed at Below the transition chamber, the exit of the transition chamber is connected to the active slag line; the other end of the active slag line is provided with a slag feeder; the transition chamber or the active slag is equipped with a drive; during operation, the slag feeder moves according to the setting procedure Positioning the molten slag into a specified slag heat exchange chamber;
  • E2 consists of a slag bucket and a slag tank transfer device, and a slag injector (6) is arranged on the slag bucket; during operation, the slag injector moves over the upper nozzle through the slag injector (6) ) injecting molten slag into a designated slag heat exchange chamber;
  • E3 consists of a transition chamber, a transition chamber support and a movable slag; the transition chamber support is installed below the transition chamber, the outlet of the transition chamber is connected to the active slag, and the other end of the active slag is provided with a slag feeder.
  • the transition chamber or the active slag channel is configured with a drive; during operation, the slag injector moves the position according to the set program, and the molten slag is injected into the designated slag heat exchange chamber, and the molten slag is transported by barrel, truck or other transport. Way into the transitional warehouse;
  • the slag heat exchange device of the types 22210, 22211, 22220, 22221, 2223, 2224, 2212, 2213 can also be equipped with a slag feed system of a static structure: the slag feed system is composed of a slag source inlet and The fixed slag is composed; the two ends of the fixed slag are respectively connected with the slag source inlet and the slag injector.
  • the steam-water system configured by the slag heat exchange device of the static structure is composed of the following: a water inlet pipe and an inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, an outlet pipe and a steam drum, and the steam-water system adopts one of the following configurations:
  • H1 all the water inlets are connected to the inlet pipe through the inlet pipe, and the outlets are connected to the outlet pipe through the outlet pipe, and the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe and the steam drum are connected to form the evaporator of the waste heat boiler;
  • All heat exchange units are divided into two groups.
  • the water inlets in each group are connected to the inlet pipes of the group through the water inlet pipes of the group.
  • the water outlets in each group pass the water outlet pipe of the group and the group.
  • the outlet pipe connection, the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe and the steam drum are connected to form an economizer, an evaporator and a superheater of the waste heat boiler;
  • the slag heat exchange device of the static structure with the heat exchange unit of type 151, 153 can also be configured with the following steam water system: the heat exchange tubes or water channels of the single heat exchange unit are divided into at least two groups, and the exchange in each group
  • the water inlet of the heat pipe or the water channel is connected to the water inlet pipe of the group through the water inlet pipe of the group, and the water outlet of the heat exchange pipe or the water channel in each group is connected with the outlet pipe of the group through the water outlet pipe of the group.
  • the water inlet pipe, the outlet pipe and the steam drum are connected to form an economizer, an evaporator and a superheater of the waste heat boiler;
  • the steam-water system configured by the slag heat exchange device of the movable structure is configured as follows: consisting of a water inlet pipe and an inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe and an outlet pipe, a pressure-resistant deformable pipe or a rotary joint and a steam drum; a steam-water system choose one of the following configurations:
  • All heat exchange units are divided into two groups.
  • the water inlets in each group are connected to the inlet pipes of the group through the water inlet pipe and pressure-resistant deformable pipe or rotary joint of the group, and the water outlets in each group pass.
  • the water outlet pipe and the pressure-resistant deformable pipe or the rotary joint of the group are connected with the outlet pipe of the group, and the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe and the steam drum are connected to form an economizer, an evaporator and a superheater of the waste heat boiler;
  • the slag heat exchange device with the heat exchange unit of type 151, 153 can also be configured with the following steam water system: the heat exchange tubes or water channels of the single heat exchange unit are divided into at least two groups, and the heat exchange tubes or water channels in each group
  • the water inlet is connected to the inlet pipe of the group through the water inlet pipe and the pressure-resistant deformable pipe or the rotary joint of the group, and the water outlet of the heat exchange pipe or the water channel in each group passes the water outlet pipe and the pressure resistance of the group.
  • the deformable tube or the rotary joint is connected with the outlet pipe of the group, and the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe and the steam drum are connected to form an economizer, an evaporator and a superheater of the waste heat boiler.
  • the slag heat exchange device of the 22210, 22211, 22220, and 22221 types is selected as one of the following steam water systems:
  • K3 consists of inlet water inlet pipe and inlet pipe, water outlet pipe and outlet pipe, two single-channel rotary joints or one multi-channel rotary joint and steam drum; the water inlet passes through water inlet pipe and single-channel rotary joint Or the multi-channel rotary joint is connected with the inlet pipe, and the water outlet is connected with the outlet pipe through the water outlet pipe and another single-channel rotary joint or the multi-channel rotary joint, and the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe and the steam drum are connected to form an evaporator of the waste heat boiler;
  • K4 consists of inlet water inlet pipe and inlet pipe, water outlet pipe and outlet pipe, two or one multi-channel rotary joint and steam drum; the heat exchange unit is divided into two groups, and the water inlet in each group passes through the present
  • the water inlet pipe and the multi-channel rotary joint of the group are connected with the inlet pipe of the group, and the water outlets in each group are divided into two groups through the group, and the water inlet of each group or the water inlet of the water channel passes through the group.
  • the water inlet pipe and the multi-channel rotary joint are connected with the inlet pipe of the group, and the water outlets of the heat exchange pipes or water channels in each group are connected with the outlet pipe of the group through the water outlet pipe of the group and the multi-channel rotary joint.
  • the water inlet pipe, the outlet pipe and the steam drum are connected to form an economizer, an evaporator and a superheater of the waste heat boiler;
  • the slag heat exchange device with the heat exchange unit of type 151, 153 can also be configured with a steam water system: a water inlet pipe and an inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe and an outlet pipe, two or one multi-channel rotary joints, and The composition of the steam drum; the heat exchange tubes or water channels of the single heat exchange unit are divided into two groups, and the water inlets of the heat exchange tubes or water channels in each group pass through the water inlet pipe of the group and the multi-channel rotary joint and the group The water inlet pipe connection, the water outlet pipe of each group or the water outlet of the water channel are connected with the outlet pipe of the group through the water outlet pipe and the multi-channel rotary joint of the group, and the water inlet pipe, the outlet pipe and the steam drum are connected to form waste heat.
  • the steam water system of the 2223 type slag heat exchange device is composed of a water inlet pipe and an inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe and an outlet pipe, a pressure resistant deformable pipe and a steam drum; the steam water system adopts one of the following configurations:
  • the water inlet is connected with the water inlet pipe through the water inlet pipe and the pressure resistant deformable pipe, and the water outlet is connected with the water outlet pipe through the water outlet pipe and the pressure resistant deformable pipe, and the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are connected with the steam drum.
  • An evaporator constituting a waste heat boiler;
  • the heat exchange unit is divided into two groups, and the water inlet in each group is connected with the water inlet pipe of the group through the water inlet pipe and the pressure resistant deformable pipe of the group, and the water outlets in each group pass through the water inlet.
  • the water outlet pipe and the pressure-resistant deformable pipe of the group are connected with the outlet pipe of the group, and the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe and the steam drum are connected to form an economizer, an evaporator and a superheater of the waste heat boiler;
  • the slag heat exchange device with the heat exchange unit of type 151, 153 can also be configured with a steam water system: the heat exchange tubes or water channels of the single heat exchange unit are divided into at least two groups, and the heat exchange tubes in each group Or the water inlet of the water channel is connected to the inlet pipe of the group through the water inlet pipe and the pressure-resistant deformable pipe of the group, and the water outlet of the heat exchange pipe or the water channel in each group passes through the water outlet pipe and the pressure resistance of the group.
  • the deformable pipe is connected with the outlet pipe of the group, and the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe and the steam drum are connected to form an economizer, an evaporator and a superheater of the waste heat boiler.
  • the slag cleaner is disposed at an edge of the upper feed port along the slag direction;
  • the slag remover comprises a rotating device, a rotating shaft, a slag base frame, a slag rotating body and a cutter;
  • the rotating shaft is mounted on the shaft of the slag base frame In the hole, a rotating device is arranged above the screw device, and a slag rotating body with a knife is installed under the hole; the rotating shaft is displaced along the axis in the shaft hole; when working, the rotating device drives the slag rotating body and the cutter to rotate through the rotating shaft to remove the residue. ;
  • the duster is arranged at a rear of the upper material in the direction of the slag;
  • the duster comprises a silo, a cloth opening or a material quantity controller;
  • the cloth opening is located in front of the silo in the direction of the slag, the cloth opening or
  • the material quantity controller is installed, and the cloth outlet is arranged at the rear of the upper material feeding port along the direction of the slag;
  • the powder distributing device or the slag removing device constitutes a structure;
  • the slag discharge device configured by the slag heat exchange device of the 151 or 152 type heat exchange unit is installed above the upper feed port;
  • the slag discharge device comprises a base frame, a thruster, a ejector rod, a buckle, and a claw
  • the thruster is mounted on the base frame, above the upper material port, the top rod is mounted on the expansion body below the thruster, the convex buckle is installed on the side or above of the slag heat exchange device, and the claw is installed on the lower part of the base frame
  • the thruster drives the plunger to push out the solid slag;
  • the thruster is selected from a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, a mechanical cam, a mechanical crank, a mechanical gear or other mechanical transmission. Force device
  • the turning device configured by the slag heat exchange device of the heat exchange unit of the 153 or 154 type is composed of a turning shaft or a turning wheel and a turning power device, and the turning shaft or the turning wheel is installed in a single heat exchange unit or the whole slag heat exchange On the device, the turning power unit drives a single heat exchange unit or the entire slag heat exchange device to reverse the discharge.
  • the slag heat exchange device can be configured with one of the following structures:
  • A consisting of a slag collector, a slag crusher, a slag transfer device and a slag waste heat recovery device; the slag collector is installed below the discharge port of the slag heat exchange device, and one of the following configurations is used :
  • A1 the discharge port of the slag collector is connected to the feed port of the slag crusher, and the discharge port of the slag crusher is installed above the feed port of the slag transfer device, and the discharge port of the slag transfer device is connected a feed port of the slag particle waste heat recovery device;
  • A2 Below the discharge port of the slag collector is a feed port of the slag transfer device, the discharge port of the slag transfer device is connected to the feed port of the slag block crusher, and the discharge port of the slag block crusher is connected with the slag grain Feed port of the waste heat recovery device;
  • the slag collector is installed below the discharge port of the slag heat exchange device, and the discharge port of the slag collector is below a feed port of the solid residue transfer device, and a discharge port of the solid residue transfer device is connected to the feed port of the hot skimming device;
  • the slag collector is installed below the discharge port of the slag heat exchange device, and is configured as follows:
  • the discharge port of the slag block collector is connected to the feed port of the slag block crusher, and the discharge port of the slag block crusher is installed above the feed port of the slag transfer device, and the discharge port of the slag transfer device is connected Feed port of the hot slag device;
  • C2 Below the discharge port of the slag collector is the feed port of the slag transfer device, the discharge port of the slag transfer device is connected to the feed port of the slag block crusher, and the discharge port of the slag block crusher is connected to the heat ⁇ Feed port of the slag device.
  • the slag heat exchange chamber of the 151, 152 type heat exchange unit is a large-sized and large-sized mesa-shaped cavity
  • the slag heat exchange chamber of the 153, 154 type heat exchange unit is a large and small slab-shaped space Cavity
  • a slag baffle synchronized with the lower spout is installed below each of the lower spouts, or a slag baffle synchronized with the slag injector is installed below the lower spout;
  • the thermally conductive substrate is filled in a gap between the outer wall of the heat exchange tube or a gap between the outer wall of the heat exchange tube and the panel by casting or welding;
  • the heat exchange tube or/and the panel can be pre-installed with an anchor or/and a heat exchange tube can be pre-installed with a heat exchange tube structural reinforcement strip, and the heat conductive substrate is cooled and integrated with the heat exchange tube or/and the panel.
  • the effective high-strength integral plate-like structure is reworked to form a slag heat exchange plate with a flat surface or with ridges or/and grooves, a heat exchange tube structure reinforcing strip or a heat exchange tube or a ridge forming a solid
  • the slag can be discharged from the slag heat exchange chamber and is easily broken.
  • the invention Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of simple and reasonable structure, compact arrangement, small floor space, small investment, high residual heat recovery rate and the like.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein: the slag heat exchange device is horizontally mounted in a circular wheel structure, and the slag feeder is rotated to feed;
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic plan view of the top view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the partial enlarged rotating structure of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the rotation of B-B of Figure 3;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the C-C cross-sectional rotation of Figure 3;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a slag heat exchanger according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the slag heat exchange device is vertically mounted on a circular wheel structure and rotated around a horizontal axis, and the slag feeder is statically injected;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic right side view of Figure 8.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein: the slag heat exchange device is horizontally mounted on a circular wheel structure and rotated around a vertical axis, and the slag injector is statically injected;
  • Figure 11 is a top plan view of Figure 10;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein: the slag heat exchange device is horizontally mounted in a truncated cone structure, and the slag bucket is filled;
  • Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure taken along the line A-A of Figure 12;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein: the slag heat exchange device is statically installed in a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and the slag bucket is injected;
  • Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure taken along line A-A of Figure 14;
  • Figure 16 is a top plan view of Figure 14;
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention, in which: a slag heat exchange device is statically installed in a herringbone ladder structure, and a slag bucket is injected;
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein: the slag heat exchange device is two stationary installations, and the slag bucket is taken in turn;
  • Figure 19 is a top plan view of Figure 18;
  • the slag heat exchange device has a field-shaped structure that is statically installed, and the slag bucket is filled;
  • Figure 21 is a top plan view of Figure 20;
  • Figure 22 is a schematic view showing the structure of the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the heat exchange chamber opening and closing device is mounted on the slag heat exchange device;
  • Figure 23 is a schematic view showing the structure of the slag heat exchange device when the molten slag flows into the slag heat exchange chamber of Figure 22;
  • Figure 24 is a schematic view showing the structure of the slag heat exchange device of Figure 22 when the solid slag is discharged into the slag heat exchange chamber;
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a heat exchange unit according to the present invention, wherein the heat exchange unit is mainly composed of a pressure bearing shell, a slag heat exchange tube, an upper end plate of the outer casing, a lower end plate of the outer casing, and a slag baffle;
  • Figure 26 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure taken along the line A-A of Figure 25;
  • Figure 27 is a schematic view showing the structure of the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the static slag heat exchange device is provided with a static slag feed system;
  • FIG. 28 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a heat exchange unit according to the present invention, wherein: a discharge device with a working hole and an ejector is mounted on a bottom plate of the heat exchange unit;
  • Figure 29 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 28;
  • Figure 30 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the slag heat exchange device is provided with a turning device with a turning shaft and a turning power device;
  • FIG 31 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embodiment of the heat exchange plate of the present invention, wherein the heat exchange tube structure reinforcing strip is mounted on the heat exchange tube;
  • Figure 32 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure taken along line A-A of Figure 31;
  • FIG. 33 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a slag discharger according to the present invention.
  • Figure 34 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the slag cleaner and the duster of the present invention, the structure of the duster and the slag cleaner are integrally linked;
  • Figure 35 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure taken along line A-A of Figure 34;
  • Figure 36 is a top plan view of Figure 34;
  • 1-slag source inlet 2-fixed slag channel, 3-transition chamber, 4-transition chamber support, 5-active slag channel, 6-slag slag feeder, 7-driver, 8-slag slag , 9- steam drum, 10-heat exchange tube, 11-heat-conducting substrate, 12-slag heat exchanger plate, 13-slag heat exchange chamber, 14 slag baffle, 15-heat exchange unit, 16-panel, 17- slag particle waste heat recovery device, 18-solid slag transfer device, 19-slag crusher, 20-slag collector, 21-stent, 22-slag heat exchanger, 23-slag cleaner, 24-up Feed port, 25-lower feed, 26-round wheel bracket, 27-tray, 28-multi-channel rotary joint, 29-actuator, 30-single-channel rotary joint, 31-circular bracket, 32-wheel , 33-slag tank transfer device, 34-slag tank, 35-inlet water pipe, 36-water outlet pipe, 37- telescopic
  • the system includes a slag feed system, a slag heat exchange device 22, and a soda system;
  • the slag heat exchange device 22 is composed of at least one heat exchange unit 15;
  • the heat exchange unit 15 is selected from one of the following four configurations:
  • a slag heat exchange chamber 13 is formed by a slag heat exchanger plate 12 and a slag baffle plate 14.
  • the upper and lower portions of the slag heat exchange chamber 13 are an upper material port 24 and a lower material port 25, respectively.
  • a slag baffle 14 is disposed below the material port 25;
  • the pressure receiving outer casing 42, the outer casing upper end plate 40 and the outer casing lower end plate 43 form a closed cavity.
  • the cavity is provided with a water inlet 44 and a water outlet 39, and at least one slag heat exchange tube 41 penetrates the outer casing upper end plate 40 and
  • the lower end plate 43 of the outer casing is installed in the cavity, that is, the outer wall of the slag heat exchange tube 41 and the inner space of the cavity constitute a heat exchange water chamber under pressure, and the inner cavity of all the slag heat exchange tubes 41 is slag heat exchange.
  • the chamber 13 and the upper and lower portions of the slag heat exchange chamber 13 are respectively an upper port 24 and a lower port 25, and a slag baffle 14 is disposed below the lower port 25;
  • a slag heat exchange chamber 13 is formed by a slag heat exchange plate 12, and an upper material port 24 is above the slag heat exchange chamber 13 and a closed structure is formed below the slag heat exchange chamber 13;
  • the pressure receiving shell 42, the upper end plate 40 of the outer casing and the lower end plate 43 of the outer casing form a closed cavity.
  • the cavity is provided with a water inlet 44 and a water outlet 39, and at least one slag heat exchange tube 41 is installed through the upper end plate 40 of the outer casing.
  • the cavity that is, the outer wall of the slag heat exchange tube 41 and the inner space of the cavity constitute a heat exchange water chamber under pressure, and the inner cavity of all the slag heat exchange tubes 41 is a slag heat exchange chamber 13, slag Above the heat exchange chamber 13 is an upper feed port 24, and a closed structure below the slag heat exchange chamber 13;
  • the slag heat exchanger plate 12 is selected from one of the following five structures:
  • each heat exchange tube 10 in the gap between the outer wall of the adjacent heat exchange tube 10 is filled with a heat-conducting substrate 11, the two constitute a structural strength structure, each heat exchange tube 10 has a water inlet 44 and a water outlet 39;
  • each heat exchange tube 10 has a water inlet 44 and a water outlet 39;
  • the heat-conducting substrate 11 is formed with a structural strength of the plate-like structure, which is provided with a water supply flow water channel, the water pipe is provided with a water inlet 44 and a water outlet 39;
  • Model 125 consists of two panels 16 and partitions; the partition is installed between the two panels 16 to form a water supply flow channel, the water head of the two ends is provided with a water inlet 44 and a water outlet 39;
  • a slag injector 6 is disposed at an output end of the slag feeding system, and a slag injector 6 is disposed above the upper nozzle 24;
  • the slag heat exchange device 22 selects a static structure or a moving structure according to actual needs
  • the slag feeding system selects a moving structure or a static structure according to actual needs
  • the steam water system is matched with the slag heat exchange device 22 of the static structure as follows: consists of a water inlet pipe 35, an inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe 36 and an outlet pipe; all the water inlets 44 pass through the water inlet pipe. 35 is connected with the water inlet pipe, and all the water outlets 39 are connected to the water outlet pipe through the water outlet pipe 36 to form a heat exchanger of the waste heat recovery and utilization device;
  • the steam water system is matched with the slag heat exchange device 22 of the movable structure as follows: the water inlet pipe 35, the water inlet pipe, the water outlet pipe 36, the water outlet pipe, the pressure resistant deformable pipe or the rotary joint; All the water inlets 44 are connected to the water inlet pipe through the water inlet pipe 35 and the pressure-resistant deformable pipe or the rotary joint, and all the water outlets 39 are connected to the water outlet pipe through the water outlet pipe 36 and the pressure-resistant deformable pipe or the rotary joint to form waste heat recovery. Utilize the heat exchanger of the device.
  • the heat conductive substrate 11 is made of a material having good thermal conductivity, such as steel or iron or copper or aluminum;
  • the heat exchange tube 10 is a straight tube or a coil or a serpentine tube or a U-tube structure:
  • the slag heat exchange chamber 13 is selected from one of the following two structures:
  • the slag heat exchange chamber 13 is a fixed volume structure
  • the slag heat exchange chamber 13 is of a variable volume structure; when the heat exchange unit 15 of the 151, 153 type structure is disposed, the heat exchange chamber opening and closing device 38 is mounted on the slag heat exchange device 22, and the heat exchange unit is The side plate of 15 is provided with a telescopic member 37, and the water inlet pipe 35 and the water outlet pipe 36 are configured to be pressure-resistant and deformable; during the process of discharging the solid slag, the heat exchange cavity opening and closing device 38 and the telescopic member 37 are pulled or Pushing the side plates of the heat exchange unit 15 to make the cavity of the slag heat exchange chamber 13 larger and easy to discharge the solid slag;
  • the slag heat exchange device 22 with the 131 type slag heat exchange chamber 13 can be configured with the slag discharge device 8, and the heat transfer surface of the slag heat exchange chamber 13 is the flat surface of the slag heat exchanger plate 12 Structure, or a face structure having longitudinal ribs and/or grooves;
  • the slag heat exchange device 22 with the slag heat exchange chamber 13 of the 132 type can be configured with the slag discharge device 8, and the heat transfer surface of the slag heat exchange chamber 13 is the flat surface of the slag heat exchanger plate 12 Structure, or a face structure having ridges and/or grooves;
  • the slag discharger 8 configured by the heat exchange unit 15 of the 153, 154 type is selected from one of the following three structures:
  • 082 comprising a turning device, wherein the turning device is installed between the slag heat exchange device 22 and the base thereof, and the longitudinal section of the slag heat exchange chamber 13 is upper and lower;
  • 083 comprising a turning device, wherein the turning device is installed between the heat exchange unit 15 and the base thereof, and the longitudinal section of the slag heat exchange chamber 13 is upper and lower;
  • the slag heat exchange device 22 can be configured with a slag cleaner 23 or/and a duster for cleaning the residue remaining on the slag surface of the heat exchange unit 15 and then on the slag surface or And a layer of auxiliary material on the heat conducting surface cloth, the auxiliary material sealing the contact surface of the lubricating slag injector 6 and the heat exchange unit 15, and facilitating slag discharge.
  • the slag heat exchange device 22 of the static structure selects one of the following structures:
  • the slag heat exchanger 22 of the moving structure selects one of the following structures:
  • All heat exchange units 15 are arranged in the same vertically mounted circular wheel bracket 26, the circular wheel bracket 26 is configured with the actuator 29 and mounted on the idler 27, supported by the idler 27, and the actuator 29 is passed through the round wheel
  • the bracket 26 drives the slag heat exchange device 22 to rotate together about the horizontal axis, and all the upper nozzles 24 face or both face away from the center point of the round wheel; the slag feeder 6 is installed in the inner ring of the slag heat exchanger 22 The outer portion of the middle or outer ring; during operation, the slag heat exchange device 22 rotates vertically like a hula hoop around the horizontal axis, and the molten slag is injected into the designated slag heat exchange chamber 13 through the slag injector 6;
  • All heat exchange units 15 are arranged in the same vertically mounted wheel-shaped bracket, the wheel-shaped bracket is configured with the actuator and mounted on the horizontal support shaft, supported by the horizontal support shaft, and the horizontal support shaft is mounted on the bracket 21;
  • the slag heat exchange device 22 is rotated together around the horizontal axis by the wheel-shaped bracket;
  • the wheel-shaped bracket adopts an automobile hub-type single-side support or a bicycle-type through-axis bilateral support or a broken-axis bilateral support
  • the horizontal support shaft is solid
  • the shaft or hollow shaft structure adopts a hollow shaft structure, or a water pipe or a hollow portion is arranged therein to constitute a water flow passage; all the upper nozzles 24 face or both face away from the center point of the round wheel;
  • the slag injector 6 is installed in the melting
  • the inner ring of the slag heat exchanger 22 or the outer part of the outer ring; during operation, the slag heat exchanger 22 rotates vertically like a wheel around a horizontal axi
  • All heat exchange units 15 are arranged on the same horizontally mounted circular ring bracket 31.
  • the circular ring bracket 31 is configured with the actuator 29 mounted on the roller 32, and the heat exchange unit 15 and the circular ring bracket 31 are supported by the roller 32.
  • the actuator 29 drives the slag heat exchange device 22 to rotate together about the vertical axis through the circular ring bracket 31; all the upper material ports 24 are facing upward; the slag injector 6 is located above the upper material port 24;
  • the slag heat exchange device 22 rotates horizontally around the vertical axis like a steel plant sinter ore ring cooler, and the molten slag is injected into the designated slag heat exchange chamber 13 through the slag injector 6;
  • All heat exchange units 15 are arranged on the same horizontally mounted wheel-shaped bracket, the wheel-shaped bracket is configured with the actuator and mounted on the vertical support shaft, supported by the vertical support shaft, and the vertical support shaft is mounted on the bracket 21, the actuator
  • the slag heat exchange device 22 is rotated together around the vertical axis by the wheel-shaped bracket;
  • the vertical support shaft is a solid shaft or a hollow shaft structure, and when the hollow shaft structure is adopted, the water pipe or the hollow portion is arranged therein to form a water flow passage;
  • the material port 24 is upward;
  • the slag feeder 6 is located above the upper port 24; during operation, the slag heat exchanger 22 is horizontally rotated about the vertical axis, and the molten slag is injected into the specified melting through the slag injector 6.
  • the slag heat exchange chamber 13 In the slag heat exchange chamber 13;
  • All the heat exchange units 15 are arranged on the same horizontally mounted movable bracket 21, and the bracket 21 is mounted on a linear or curved support rail, and the bracket 21 is configured with the actuator 29, the actuator 29,
  • the movable slag heat exchange device 22 drives the slag heat exchange device 22 to reciprocate on the support track, and all the upper material ports 24 face upward; the slag injector 6 is installed above the upper material port 24; during operation, the slag heat exchange The device 22 moves back and forth, and the molten slag is injected into the designated slag heat exchange chamber 13 through the slag injector 6;
  • the heat exchange unit 15 of the 153, 154 type can also be arranged on the same belt conveyor, each heat exchange unit 15 is hinged or mounted on the hinged support member, the belt conveyor is configured with the actuator 29, and the transmission
  • the heat exchanger unit 15 causes the heat exchange unit 15 to perform a circulating motion of the conveyor belt.
  • all the upper feed ports 24 are facing upward, and when the heat exchange unit 15 is moved under the belt conveyor, all above The material port 24 is facing downward; the slag feeder 6 is installed above the upper material port 24; during operation, the heat exchange unit 15 performs a belt type circulating motion, and the molten slag is injected into the specified slag through the slag injector 6.
  • the heat exchange chamber 13 In the heat exchange chamber 13;
  • the slag heat exchange device 22 of the 2211, 2212, 2213, 22210, 22211, 22220, 22221, 2223, 2224 type can be equipped with one of the following slag feed systems of the movable structure:
  • E1 consisting of a slag source inlet 1, a fixed slag track 2, a transition chamber 3, a transition chamber support 4 and a movable slag 5; the inlet of the fixed slag 2 is connected to the slag source inlet 1 and the outlet is located at the entrance of the transition chamber 3 Above; the transition chamber support 4 is installed below the transition chamber 3, the outlet of the transition chamber 3 is connected to the movable slag 5; the other end of the active slag 5 is provided with a slag injector 6; the transition chamber 3 or the active slag 5 Disposing the driver 7; during operation, the slag injector 6 moves the position according to the setting program, and injects the molten slag into the designated slag heat exchange chamber 13;
  • E2 consists of a slag bucket 34 and a slag tank transfer device 33.
  • the slag bucket 34 is provided with a slag injector 6; during operation, the slag injector 6 moves over the upper nozzle 24, and is injected through the slag.
  • the injector 6 injects molten slag into the designated slag heat exchange chamber 13;
  • E3 consists of a transition chamber 3, a transition chamber support 4 and a movable slag 5; the transition chamber support 4 is installed below the transition chamber 3, the outlet of the transition chamber 3 is connected to the movable slag 5, and the movable slag 5 is One end is provided with a slag injector 6, and the transition chamber 3 or the movable slag 5 is configured with a driver 7; during operation, the slag injector 6 moves the position according to a set program to inject molten slag into the specified slag heat exchange chamber 13 The molten slag enters the transition chamber 3 by barrel transportation, trucking or other transportation means;
  • the slag heat exchange device 22 of the 22210, 22211, 22220, 22221, 2223, 2224, 2212, 2213 type can also be equipped with a slag feed system of a static structure: the slag feed system is input from the slag source 1 and the fixed slag 2 are formed; both ends of the fixed slag 2 are connected to the slag source inlet 1 and the slag injector 6 respectively.
  • the steam-water system configured by the slag heat exchange device 22 of the static structure is configured as follows: the water inlet pipe 35 and the inlet pipe, the water outlet pipe 36, and the outlet pipe and the steam drum 9 are formed.
  • the steam-water system adopts one of the following configurations. :
  • H1 all the water inlets 44 are connected to the water inlet pipe through the water inlet pipe 35, and the water outlets 39 are connected to the water outlet pipe through the water outlet pipe 36, and the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are connected with the steam drum 9 to form an evaporator of the waste heat boiler;
  • All heat exchange units 15 are divided into two groups, and the water inlets 44 in each group are connected to the inlet pipes of the group through the water inlet pipes 35 of the group, and the water outlets 39 in each group pass through the water outlets of the group.
  • the pipe 36 is connected with the outlet pipe of the group, and the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe and the steam drum 9 are connected to form an economizer, an evaporator and a superheater of the waste heat boiler;
  • the slag heat exchanger 22 of the static structure with the heat exchange unit 15 of the 151, 153 type can also be configured with a steam water system: the heat exchange tubes 10 or water channels of the single heat exchange unit 15 are divided into at least two groups, each The heat exchange tubes 10 of the group or the water inlets 44 of the water channels are connected to the inlet pipes of the group through the water inlet pipes 35 of the group, and the heat exchange tubes 10 of each group or the water outlets 39 of the water channels pass through the water outlet of the group.
  • the pipe 36 is connected with the outlet pipe of the group, and the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe and the steam drum 9 are connected to form an economizer, an evaporator and a superheater of the waste heat boiler;
  • the soda system of the moving structure slag heat exchange device 22 is configured as follows: from the water inlet pipe 35 and the inlet pipe, the water outlet pipe 36 and the outlet pipe, the pressure-resistant deformable pipe or the rotary joint and the steam drum 9 Composition; the soda system uses one of the following configurations:
  • All water inlets 44 are connected to the water inlet pipe through the water inlet pipe 35 and the pressure-resistant deformable pipe or the rotary joint, and all the water outlets 39 are connected to the water outlet pipe through the water outlet pipe 36 and the pressure-resistant deformable pipe or the rotary joint.
  • the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe and the steam drum 9 are connected to form an evaporator of the waste heat boiler;
  • All heat exchange units 15 are divided into two groups, and the water inlets 44 in each group are connected to the water inlet pipes of the group through the water inlet pipe 35 and the pressure-resistant deformable pipe or the rotary joint of the group, in each group
  • the water outlet 39 is connected to the outlet pipe of the group through the water outlet pipe 36 and the pressure-resistant deformable pipe or the rotary joint of the group, and the water inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are connected with the steam drum 9 to form an economizer and an evaporator of the waste heat boiler.
  • the slag heat exchange device 22 with the heat exchange unit 15 of the 151, 153 type can also be configured with a steam water system: the heat exchange tubes 10 or water channels of the single heat exchange unit 15 are divided into at least two groups, and the exchanges in each group
  • the water pipe 10 of the heat pipe 10 or the water channel is connected to the water inlet pipe of the group through the water inlet pipe 35 of the group and the pressure-resistant deformable pipe or the rotary joint, and the water outlet 39 of the heat exchange pipe 10 or the water channel in each group passes.
  • the water outlet pipe 36 and the pressure-resistant deformable pipe or the rotary joint of the group are connected with the outlet pipe of the group, and the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe and the steam drum 9 are connected to form an economizer, an evaporator and a superheater of the waste heat boiler.
  • the slag heat exchange device 22 of the 22210, 22211, 22220, 22221 type is matched with one of the following steam water systems:
  • K3 consists of a water inlet pipe 35 and an inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe 36 and an outlet pipe, two single-channel rotary joints 30 or a multi-channel rotary joint 28 and a steam drum 9; the water inlets 44 are all connected by water inlet
  • the tube 35 and the single-channel rotary joint 30 or the multi-channel rotary joint 28 are connected to the water inlet pipe, and the water outlet 39 is connected to the water outlet pipe through the water outlet pipe 36 and the other single-channel rotary joint 30 or the multi-channel rotary joint 28, the water inlet pipe,
  • the outlet pipe is connected with the steam drum 9 to form an evaporator of the waste heat boiler;
  • K4 consists of a water inlet pipe 35 and an inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe 36 and an outlet pipe, two or one multi-channel rotary joint 28 and a steam drum 9; the heat exchange unit 15 is divided into at least two groups, each group The water inlet 44 is connected to the inlet pipe of the group through the water inlet pipe 35 and the multi-channel rotary joint 28 of the group, and the water outlets 39 in each group are divided into two groups through the group, and the heat exchange in each group The water inlet 44 of the pipe 10 or the water channel is connected to the water inlet pipe of the group through the water inlet pipe 35 and the multi-channel rotary joint 28 of the group, and the heat exchange pipe 10 or the water outlet 39 of each water channel in each group passes through the group.
  • the water outlet pipe 36 and the multi-channel rotary joint 28 are connected with the outlet pipe of the group, and the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe and the steam drum 9 are connected to form an economizer, an evaporator and a superheater of the waste heat boiler;
  • the slag heat exchange device 22 with the heat exchange unit 15 of the 151, 153 type can also be configured with the following steam water system: from the water inlet pipe 35 and the inlet pipe, the water outlet pipe 36 and the outlet pipe, two or more
  • the channel rotary joint 28 and the steam drum 9 are composed; the heat exchange tubes 10 or water channels of the single heat exchange unit 15 are divided into at least two groups, and the heat exchange tubes 10 of each group or the water inlets 44 of the water passages pass through the water inlet of the group.
  • the connecting pipe 35 and the multi-channel rotary joint 28 are connected with the inlet pipe of the group, and the heat exchange pipe 10 or the water outlet 39 of each group passes through the water outlet pipe 36 of the group and the multi-channel rotary joint 28 and the group.
  • the outlet pipe is connected, and each inlet pipe, outlet pipe and steam drum (9) are connected to form an economizer, an evaporator and a superheater of the waste heat boiler;
  • the steam-water system of the 2223 type slag heat exchange device 22 is composed of a water inlet pipe 35 and an inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe 36, an outlet pipe, a pressure-resistant deformable pipe and a steam drum 9; the steam-water system is selected as follows: One:
  • the water inlet 44 is connected to the water inlet pipe through the water inlet pipe 35 and the pressure-resistant deformable pipe, and the water outlet 39 is connected to the water outlet pipe through the water outlet pipe 36 and the pressure-resistant deformable pipe, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe.
  • the heat exchange unit 15 is divided into two groups, and the water inlet 44 in each group is connected to the water inlet pipe of the group through the water inlet pipe 35 and the pressure resistant deformable pipe of the group, and the water outlet in each group 39 is connected to the outlet pipe of the group through the water outlet pipe 36 and the pressure-resistant deformable pipe of the group, and the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe and the steam drum 9 are connected to form an economizer, an evaporator and a superheater of the waste heat boiler;
  • the slag heat exchange device 22 with the heat exchange unit 15 of the 151, 153 type can also be configured with a steam water system: the heat exchange tubes 10 or water channels of the single heat exchange unit 15 are divided into at least two groups, each group The heat exchange tube 10 or the water inlet 44 of the water channel is connected to the inlet pipe of the group through the water inlet pipe 35 and the pressure resistant deformable pipe of the group, and the heat exchange pipe 10 or the water outlet 39 of each channel passes through each group.
  • the water outlet pipe 36 and the pressure-resistant deformable pipe of the group are connected with the outlet pipe of the group, and the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe and the steam drum 9 are connected to form an economizer, an evaporator and a superheater of the waste heat boiler.
  • the slag cleaner 23 is disposed at the rear of the upper material port 24 in the slag direction; the slag cleaner 23 includes a rotating device 55, a rotating shaft 56, a slag base 57, a slag rotating body 58 and a knife 59; 56 is installed in the shaft hole of the slag base 57, and the rotating device 55 is disposed above the slag rotating body 58 with the knives 59; the rotating shaft 56 is displaced along the axis in the shaft hole; 55 rotates the slag rotating body 58 and the knives 59 through the rotating shaft 56 to remove the residue;
  • the duster is disposed at a rear of the upper material port 24 along the slag direction;
  • the duster includes a silo 60, a cloth outlet 61 or a material amount controller 62; the cloth opening 61 is located in the silo direction along the slag direction
  • the front side, the cloth opening 61 or the loading amount controller 62, the cloth opening 61 is arranged at the rear of the upper material port 24 in the slag direction;
  • the duster or the slag cleaner 23 constitutes a structure;
  • the slag discharger 8 configured by the slag heat exchange device 22 of the heat exchange unit 15 of the 151 or 152 type is installed above the upper feed port 24;
  • the slag discharger 8 includes a base frame 50, a thruster 51, and a top
  • the thruster 51 is mounted on the base frame 50 above the upper port 24,
  • the jack 52 is mounted on the telescopic body below the thruster 51
  • the buckle 53 is mounted on the slag
  • the hook 54 is mounted on the lower portion of the base frame 50; when discharging, the hook 54 is engaged with the buckle 53 and the thruster 51 drives the jack 52 to push out the solid slag;
  • the device 51 selects one of a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, a mechanical cam, a mechanical crank, a mechanical gear or other mechanical force transmitting device;
  • the turning device configured by the slag heat exchange device 22 of the heat exchange unit of the 153 or 154 type is composed of a turning shaft 45 or a turning wheel and a turning power unit 46, and the turning shaft 45 or the turning wheel is installed in a single heat exchange unit 15 or On the entire slag heat exchange device 22, the turning power unit 46 drives the single heat exchange unit 15 or the entire slag heat exchange unit 22 to reverse the discharge.
  • the slag heat exchange device 22 can be configured with one of the following structures:
  • A consisting of a slag collector 20, a slag crusher 19, a slag transfer device 18, and a slag waste heat recovery unit 17;
  • the slag collector 20 is installed below the discharge port of the slag heat exchanger 22 , choose one of the following configurations:
  • A1 The discharge port of the slag collector 20 is connected to the feed port of the slag crusher 19, and the discharge port of the slag crusher 19 is installed above the feed port of the slag transfer device 18, and the slag transfer device 18 The discharge port is connected to the inlet of the slag waste heat recovery unit 17;
  • A2 Below the discharge port of the slag collector 20 is a feed port of the slag transfer device 18, and the discharge port of the slag transfer device 18 is connected to the feed port of the slag block breaker 19, and the slag block breaker 19 is discharged.
  • the feed port is connected to the feed port of the slag waste heat recovery device 17;
  • the slag collector 20 is installed below the discharge port of the slag heat exchange device 22, and the slag collector 20 Below the discharge port is a feed port of the solid residue transfer device 18, and a discharge port of the solid residue transfer device 18 is connected to the feed port of the hot skimming device;
  • the slag collector 20 is installed below the discharge port of the slag heat exchange device 22, and is selected One of the following configurations:
  • the discharge port of the slag block collector 20 is connected to the feed port of the slag block crusher 19, and the discharge port of the slag block crusher 19 is installed above the feed port of the slag transfer device 18, and the slag transfer device 18 The discharge port is connected to the feed port of the hot slag device;
  • C2 Below the discharge port of the slag collector 20 is a feed port of the slag transfer device 18, and the discharge port of the slag transfer device 18 is connected to the feed port of the slag block crusher 19, and the slag block crusher 19 is discharged.
  • the feed port is connected to the feed port of the hot skimming device.
  • the slag heat exchange chamber 13 of the heat exchange unit 15 of the 151 and 152 type is a large-sized and large-sized cavity, and the slag heat exchange chamber 13 of the heat exchange unit 15 of the 153 and 154 type is up and down. Small mesa cavity;
  • a slag baffle 14 synchronized with the lower port 25 is mounted below each of the lower nozzles 25, or a slag baffle 14 synchronized with the slag injector 6 is mounted below the lower port 25;
  • the heat conductive substrate 11 is filled in the gap between the outer walls of the heat exchange tubes 10 or the gap between the outer wall of the heat exchange tubes 10 and the panel 16 by casting or welding;
  • the heat exchange tube 10 or/and the panel 16 can be pre-installed with an anchor or/and the heat exchange tube 10 can be pre-installed with a heat exchange tube structure reinforcing strip 49, and the heat conductive substrate 11 is cooled and the heat exchange tube 10 or / And the panel 16 constitutes an effective large-strength integral plate-like structure integrated into the body, and is processed to form a slag heat exchanger plate 12 having a flat surface or a rib or/and a groove, and the heat exchange tube structure reinforcing strip 49 or The heat pipe 10 or the ridges are formed so that the solid slag can be discharged from the slag heat exchange chamber 13 and is easily broken.
  • the slag heat exchanger plate 12 can be a heating surface on both sides, and the water inlet 44 and the water outlet 39 are generally disposed on the side thereof; the multi-channel rotary joint 28 refers to a rotary joint of two or more passages.

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Abstract

一种熔融渣余热回收系统，包括熔渣进料系统、熔渣换热装置（22）和汽水系统；熔渣换热装置（22）至少由一个换热单元（15）组成，换热单元（15）选用四种构造之一：熔渣进料系统的输出端设置熔渣注料器（6），熔渣注料器（6）布置在上方料口（24）的上方；熔渣换热装置（22）和熔渣进料系统根据实际需要选用运动式结构或静止式结构；汽水系统与静止式结构的熔渣换热装置（22）相匹配时由进水联管（35）、进水管、出水联管（36）和出水管组成；汽水系统与运动式结构的熔渣换热装置（22）相匹配时由进水联管（35）、进水管、出水联管（36）、出水管、耐压可变形管或旋转接头组成。

Description

熔融渣余热回收系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种余热回收系统装置，特别涉及一种钢厂高炉渣及转炉渣的熔融渣余热回收系统。
背景技术
目前，钢厂高炉每出1吨生铁约产生300kg左右的高炉渣，刚排出的炉渣温度在1500℃左右，1吨高炉渣约含1700MJ的热量，相当于0.058t标准煤的发热值，以2016年的7亿吨生铁产量计算，高炉产渣量约为2.1亿吨，所含热量折合成标准煤约合1218万吨。可见刚排出的高炉熔渣具有很高的余热回收价值。高炉熔渣冷却处理是必须要进行的一道工序，如水淬法，经水淬工艺处理后的炉渣用于水泥的基料，此法的缺点是高炉渣的余热不但没有得到回收，而且还要浪费大量的水资源，水淬时所产生的有害蒸汽对大气、水和土壤也造成严重污染，工作环境也很恶劣。随着国际竞争日益加剧和能源的持续紧缺，钢铁行业面临着维系可持续发展战略的多项环境型课题。其中，高效高品位地回收高炉熔渣余热已成为亟待突破的技术瓶颈。鉴于上述处理高炉渣余热回收存在的问题，国内外科技工作者提出很多的利用方法，例如，冷却转鼓法熔渣薄片状固化余热回收工艺、连铸连轧法熔渣平板状固化余热回收工艺、机械搅拌法熔渣造粒余热回收工艺、旋转滚筒法熔渣粒化余热回收工艺等等。这些处理工艺的共同特征，将高温熔渣特有的高品位能量，用大量介质换热方式回收的热能是低品位的能量，实质上热回收也是低效的，高温与低温之间的落差越大，这就意味着热能损失越大，总体的热回收效率越低，乃是其未实现工业应用的根本原因之一。20世纪80年代日本开发的熔渣风碎工艺直至目前仍可称之为风碎法的最高成就。其熔渣的处理能力达到100t/h，其大规模生产性试验结果表明，热回收效率和成品渣品质可达到工业化的要求，但因受设备系统庞大、占地面积大、投资费用高等因素的限制，就终止了前进的步伐。旋转杯粒化法自20世纪80年代在英国(BSC)钢铁公司进行了高炉熔渣粒化试验，余热回收率可达到60％。旋转杯粒化熔渣余热回收工艺存在的问题①由于旋转杯粒化法的旋转杯体其转速过高在1000-3000r/min，工 业化轴承在高温、高速、恶劣环境下很难承受，其工作寿命很难达到使用的要求。②旋转杯由于直接与高温熔渣接触，其旋转杯结构与渣粒化工艺的限制，旋转杯体的冷却很难解决，旋转杯的工作寿命很难达到使用的要求，直至现在还没有实现工业化应用。上述余热回收处理工艺的共同特征，是以有介质(气体、蒸汽、热水)的形式回收熔渣余热，因此如何有效地回收高炉渣的余热，减少其处理过程中对环境造成的污染，减少设备投资，紧凑式结构，减少占地面积，提高效率、提高余热回收率，就成为一个急需解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种结构简单合理，占地面积小、余热回收效率高的熔融渣余热回收系统。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案一予以实现：
所述系统包括熔渣进料系统、熔渣换热装置和汽水系统；
所述熔渣换热装置至少由一个换热单元组成；
所述换热单元选用如下四种构造之一：
151：由熔渣换热板和熔渣档板围成筒体形的熔渣换热腔，熔渣换热腔的上方和下方分别为上方料口和下方料口，下方料口的下方配置熔渣档板；
152：由承压外壳、外壳上端板和外壳下端板构成密闭的腔体，腔体上设置进水口和出水口，至少有一根熔渣换热管贯穿外壳上端板和外壳下端板安装在腔体内，即：熔渣换热管的外壁和腔体的内空构成承压的换热水室，所有熔渣换热管的内腔均为熔渣换热腔，熔渣换热腔的上方和下方分别为上方料口和下方料口，下方料口的下方配置熔渣档板；
153：由熔渣换热板围成筒体形的熔渣换热腔，熔渣换热腔的上方为上方料口，熔渣换热腔的下方封闭结构；
154：由承压外壳、外壳上端板和外壳下端板构成密闭的腔体，腔体上设置进水口和出水口，至少有一根熔渣换热管贯穿外壳上端板安装在腔体内，即：熔渣换热管的外壁和腔体的内空构成承压的换热水室，所有熔渣换热管的内腔均为熔渣换热腔，熔渣换热腔的上方为上方料口，熔渣换热腔的下方封闭结构；
述熔渣换热板选用如下五种结构之一：
121：在相邻的换热管的外壁之间的间隙里填充导热基材，两者构成有结构强度 的结构，每根换热管上均有进水口和出水口；
122：换热管安装在面板上，两者构成有结构强度的结构，每根换热管上均有进水口和出水口；
123：换热管安装在面板上的同时，在相邻的换热管的外壁之间的间隙里填充导热基材，三者构成有结构强度的结构，每根换热管上均有进水口和出水口；
124：由导热基材构成有结构强度的板状结构，其内设置供水流动的水道，水道的二头设置进水口和出水口；
125型：由二块面板和隔板构成；隔板安装在二块面板之间形成供水流动的水道，水道的二头设置进水口和出水口；
所述熔渣进料系统的输出端设置熔渣注料器，熔渣注料器布置在上方料口的上方；
所述熔渣换热装置根据实际需要选用静止式结构的或运动式结构的；
所述熔渣进料系统根据实际需要选用运动式结构的或静止式结构的；
所述汽水系统与静止式结构的熔渣换热装置相匹配时的构造如下：由进水联管、进水管、出水联管和出水管组成；所有进水口通过进水联管与进水管连接，所有出水口通过出水联管与出水管连接，构成余热回收利用装置的换热器；
所述汽水系统与运动式结构的熔渣换热装置相匹配时的构造如下：由进水联管、进水管、出水联管、出水管、耐压可变形管或旋转接头组成；所有进水口通过进水联管及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与进水管连接，所有出水口通过出水联管及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与出水管连接，构成余热回收利用装置的换热器。
所述导热基材选用导热性良好的材料，如钢或铁或铜或铝；
所述换热管为直管或盘管或蛇形管或U型管结构：
所述熔渣换热腔选用如下二种结构之一：
131：熔渣换热腔为容积固定式结构；
132：熔渣换热腔为容积可变式结构；配置151、153型结构的换热单元时，其熔渣换热装置上安装换热腔开合装置，在各换热单元的侧板上安装伸缩部件，配置的进水联管和出水联管选用耐压可变形管；在排出固体渣块过程中，换热腔开合装置和伸缩部件拉动或推动换热单元的侧板，使熔渣换热腔容腔变大易于排出固体渣块；
所述带有131型的熔渣换热腔的熔渣换热装置能够配置出渣器，熔渣换热腔的导热面即熔渣换热板的受热面为平整的面结构、或为有纵向的凸条和/或凹槽的面结构；
所述带有132型的熔渣换热腔的熔渣换热装置能够配置出渣器，熔渣换热腔的导热面即熔渣换热板的受热面为平整的面结构、或为有凸条和/或凹槽的面结构；
所述153、154型的换热单元所配置的出渣器选用如下三种结构之一：
081：包括顶出器，顶出器安装在换热单元的底板上设置的工作孔内；熔融渣经过熔渣注料器注入到熔渣换热腔中，熔融渣与水进行换热冷却凝固后，顶出器将固体渣块从熔渣换热腔中排出；
082：包括翻转装置，翻转装置安装在熔渣换热装置及其底座之间翻转出料，同时，熔渣换热腔的纵截面为上大下小的形状；
083：包括翻转装置，翻转装置安装在换热单元及其底座之间翻转出料，同时，熔渣换热腔的纵截面为上大下小的形状；
所述熔渣换热装置能够配置清渣器或/和布粉器，清渣器和布粉器用于清理残留在换热单元的进渣面上的残渣，然后在进渣面上或/和导热面布上一层辅料，所述辅料密封润滑熔渣注料器与换热单元的接触面，并便于出渣。
所述静止式结构的熔渣换热装置选用以下结构之一：
2211：所有换热单元均布在同一个圆环上，圆环水平安装在支架上，所有上方料口朝上；
2212：所有换热单元布置在同一个台面上，台面水平或者按照设定倾角安装在支架上，所有上方料口朝上；
2213：所有换热单元布置在若干个台阶的踏步位置，台阶的踏步安装在支架上，所有上方料口朝上；
所述运动式结构的熔渣换热装置选用以下结构之一：
22210：所有换热单元布置在同一个垂直安装的圆轮形支架中，圆轮形支架配置传动器并安装在托轮上，依靠托轮支撑，传动器通过圆轮形支架带动熔渣换热装置绕水平轴线一起转动，所有上方料口均朝向或均背向圆轮的中心点；熔渣注料器安装在熔渣换热装置的内环之中或外环外上部；工作时，熔渣换热装置绕水平轴线像呼拉圈一样垂直转动，熔融渣经过熔渣注料器注入到指定的熔渣换热腔中；
22211：所有换热单元布置在同一个垂直安装的车轮形支架中，车轮形支架配置传动器并安装在水平支撑轴上，依靠水平支撑轴支撑，水平支撑轴安装在支架上；传动器通过车轮形支架带动熔渣换热装置绕水平轴线一起转动；所述车轮形支架采用汽车轮毂式单边支撑或自行车式通轴双边支撑或断轴式双边支撑，所述水平支撑轴为实心轴或空心轴结构，采用空心轴结构时，其内或布置水管或空心部分构成水流通道；所有上方料口均朝向或均背向圆轮的中心点；熔渣注料器安装在熔渣换热装置的内环之中或外环外上部；工作时，熔渣换热装置绕水平轴线像车轮一样垂直转动，熔融渣经过熔渣注料器注入到指定的熔渣换热腔中；
22220：所有换热单元布置在同一个水平安装的圆环形支架上，圆环形支架配置传动器安装在滚轮上，换热单元及圆环形支架靠滚轮支撑，传动器通过圆环形支架带动熔渣换热装置绕垂直轴线一起转动；所有上方料口均朝上；熔渣注料器位于上方料口的上方；工作时，熔渣换热装置绕垂直轴线象钢厂烧结矿环冷机一样水平转动，熔融渣经过熔渣注料器注入到指定的熔渣换热腔中；
22221：所有换热单元布置在同一个水平安装的车轮形支架上，车轮形支架配置传动器并安装在垂直支撑轴上，依靠垂直支撑轴支撑，垂直支撑轴安装在支架上，传动器通过车轮形支架带动熔渣换热装置绕垂直轴线一起转动；所述垂直支撑轴为实心轴或空心轴结构，采用空心轴结构时，其内或布置水管或空心部分构成水流通道；所有上方料口均朝上；熔渣注料器位于上方料口的上方；工作时，熔渣换热装置绕垂直轴线水平转动，熔融渣经过熔渣注料器注入到指定的熔渣换热腔中；
2223：所有换热单元布置在同一个水平安装的活动的支架上，支架安装在直线型或弧线形的支撑道上，依靠支撑道支撑，支架配置传动器，传动器通过活动的支架带动熔渣换热装置在支撑道上作往返运动，所有上方料口均朝上；熔渣注料器安装在上方料口的上方；工作时，熔渣换热装置往返运动，熔融渣经过熔渣注料器注入到指定的熔渣换热腔中；
2224：所述153、154型的换热单元还能够布置在同一个带式运输机上，各换热单元铰连接或安装在铰连接的支撑件上，带式运输机配置传动器，传动器使换热单元作输送带式的循环运动，换热单元运动到带式运输机上方时，所有上方料口均朝上，换热单元运动到带式运输机下方时，所有上方料口均朝下；熔渣注料器安装在上方料口的上方；工作时，换热单元做带式循环运动，熔融渣经过熔渣注料器注入到指定的 熔渣换热腔中；
所述2211、2212、2213、22210、22211、22220、22221、2223、2224型的熔渣换热装置能够选配以下之一的运动式结构的熔渣进料系统：
E1：由渣源入口、固定渣道、过渡仓、过渡仓支撑件和活动渣道组成；固定渣道的入口与渣源入口连接，其出口位于过渡仓的入口上方；过渡仓支撑件安装在过渡仓的下方，过渡仓的出口与活动渣道连接；活动渣道的另一端设置熔渣注料器；过渡仓或活动渣道配置驱动器；工作时，熔渣注料器按照设定程序移动位置，将熔融渣注入到指定的熔渣换热腔中；
E2：由熔渣桶和渣桶转运装置组成，熔渣桶上设置熔渣注料器(6)；工作时，熔渣注料器在上方料口上方移动，通过熔渣注料器(6)将熔融渣注入到指定的熔渣换热腔中；
E3：由过渡仓、过渡仓支撑件和活动渣道组成；过渡仓支撑件安装在过渡仓的下方，过渡仓的出口与活动渣道连接，活动渣道的另一端设置熔渣注料器，过渡仓或活动渣道配置驱动器；工作时，熔渣注料器按照设定程序移动位置，将熔融渣注入到指定的熔渣换热腔中，熔融渣采用桶式运输、车运或其它运输方式进入到过渡仓内；
所述22210、22211、22220、22221、2223、2224、2212、2213型的熔渣换热装置还能够选配静止式结构的熔渣进料系统：所述熔渣进料系统由渣源入口和固定渣道构成；固定渣道的两端分别与渣源入口和熔渣注料器连接。
所述静止式结构的熔渣换热装置所配置的汽水系统构造如下：由进水联管及进水管、出水联管及出水管和汽包组成，汽水系统选用如下配置之一：
H1：所有进水口均通过进水联管与进水管连接、出水口均通过出水联管与出水管连接，进水管、出水管与汽包连接构成余热锅炉的蒸发器；
H2：所有换热单元至少分为两组，每组中的进水口通过本组的进水联管与本组的进水管连接，每组中的出水口通过本组的出水联管与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器；
所述带有151、153型的换热单元的静止式结构的熔渣换热装置还能够配置如下汽水系统：单个换热单元的换热管或水道至少分为两组，每组中的换热管或水道的进水口通过本组的进水联管与本组的进水管连接，每组中的换热管或水道的出水口通过本组的出水联管与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包连接构成余热锅炉的 省煤器、蒸发器、过热器；
所述运动式结构的熔渣换热装置所配置的汽水系统构造如下：由进水联管及进水管、出水联管及出水管、耐压可变形管或旋转接头和汽包组成；汽水系统选用如下的配置之一：
K1：所有进水口均通过进水联管及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与进水管连接，所有出水口均通过出水联管及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与出水管连接，进水管、出水管与汽包连接构成余热锅炉的蒸发器；
K2：所有换热单元至少分为两组，每组中的进水口通过本组的进水联管及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与本组的进水管连接，每组中的出水口通过本组的出水联管及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器；
所述带有151、153型的换热单元的熔渣换热装置还能够配置如下汽水系统：单个换热单元的换热管或水道至少分为两组，每组中的换热管或水道的进水口通过本组的进水联管及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与本组的进水管连接，每组中的换热管或水道的出水口通过本组的出水联管及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器。
所述22210、22211、22220、22221型的熔渣换热装置选配如下汽水系统之一：
K3：由进水联管及进水管、出水联管及出水管、二个单通道旋转接头或一个多通道旋转接头和汽包组成；所述进水口均通过进水联管及单通道旋转接头或多通道旋转接头与进水管连接，出水口均通过出水联管及另一个单通道旋转接头或多通道旋转接头与出水管连接，进水管、出水管与汽包连接构成余热锅炉的蒸发器；
K4：由进水联管及进水管、出水联管及出水管、二个或一个多通道旋转接头和汽包组成；所述换热单元至少分为两组，每组中的进水口通过本组的进水联管及多通道旋转接头与本组的进水管连接，每组中的出水口均通过本组的分为两组，每组中的换热管或水道的进水口通过本组的进水联管及多通道旋转接头与本组的进水管连接，每组中的换热管或水道的出水口均通过本组的出水联管及多通道旋转接头与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器；
所述带有151、153型的换热单元的熔渣换热装置还能够配置如下汽水系统：由进水联管及进水管、出水联管及出水管、二个或一个多通道旋转接头和汽包组成；所 述单个换热单元的换热管或水道至少分为两组，每组中的换热管或水道的进水口通过本组的进水联管及多通道旋转接头与本组的进水管连接，每组中的换热管或水道的出水口均通过本组的出水联管及多通道旋转接头与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器；
所述2223型的熔渣换热装置配置的汽水系统由进水联管及进水管、出水联管及出水管、耐压可变形管和汽包组成；汽水系统选用如下配置之一：
K5：所述进水口均通过进水联管及耐压可变形管与进水管连接，出水口均通过出水联管及耐压可变形管与出水管连接，进水管、出水管与汽包连接构成余热锅炉的蒸发器；
K6：所述换热单元至少分为两组，每组中的进水口通过本组的进水联管及耐压可变形管与本组的进水管连接，每组中的出水口均通过本组的出水联管及耐压可变形管与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器；
所述带有151、153型的换热单元的熔渣换热装置还能够配置如下汽水系统：所述单个换热单元的换热管或水道至少分为两组，每组中的换热管或水道的进水口通过本组的进水联管及耐压可变形管与本组的进水管连接，每组中的换热管或水道的出水口均通过本组的出水联管及耐压可变形管与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器。
所述清渣器布置在上方料口沿进渣方向的后方；所述清渣器包括转动装置、转轴、清渣基架、清渣转体和括刀；转轴安装在清渣基架的轴孔内，其上方配置转动装置，其下方安装带括刀的清渣转体；转轴或在轴孔内沿轴线位移；工作时，转动装置通过转轴带动清渣转体及括刀旋转，清除残渣；
所述布粉器布置在上方料口沿进渣方向的后方；所述布粉器包括料仓、布料口或和料量控制器；布料口位于料仓沿进渣方向的前方，布料口或安装料量控制器，布料口布置在上方料口沿进渣方向的后方；布粉器或和清渣器构成结构；一体联动。
所述采用151或152型换热单元的熔渣换热装置配置的出渣器安装在其上方料口的上方；所述出渣器包括基架、推力器、顶杆、凸扣、勾爪；推力器安装在基架上，位于上方料口的上方，顶杆安装在推力器下方的伸缩体上，凸扣安装在熔渣换热装置的侧面或上面、勾爪安装在基架的下部；出料时，勾爪与凸扣扣合受力，推力器驱动 顶杆顶出固体渣块；推力器选用液压缸、气压缸、机械凸轮、机械曲杆、机械齿轮之一或其它机械传力装置；
所述采用153或154型的换热单元的熔渣换热装置配置的翻转装置由翻转轴或翻转轮和翻转动力器组成，翻转轴或翻转轮安装在单个换热单元或整个熔渣换热装置上，翻转动力器带动单个换热单元或整个熔渣换热装置翻转出料。
所述熔渣换热装置能够配置如下结构之一固渣处理装置：
A：由渣块收集器、渣块破碎机、固渣转运装置和渣粒余热回收器组成；所述渣块收集器安装在熔渣换热装置的出料口的下方，选用如下之一配置：
A1：渣块收集器的出料口连接渣块破碎机的进料口，渣块破碎机的出料口安装在固渣转运装置的进料口的上方，固渣转运装置的出料口连接渣粒余热回收器的进料口；
A2：渣块收集器的出料口下方为固渣转运装置的进料口，固渣转运装置的出料口连接渣块破碎机的进料口，渣块破碎机的出料口连接渣粒余热回收器的进料口；
B：由渣块收集器、固渣转运装置、和热焖渣装置组成；所述渣块收集器安装在熔渣换热装置的出料口的下方，渣块收集器的出料口下方为固渣转运装置的进料口，固渣转运装置的出料口连接热焖渣装置的进料口；
C：由渣块收集器、固渣转运装置、渣块破碎机和热焖渣装置组成；所述渣块收集器安装在熔渣换热装置的出料口的下方，选用如下之一配置：
C1：渣块收集器的出料口连接渣块破碎机的进料口，渣块破碎机的出料口安装在固渣转运装置的进料口的上方，固渣转运装置的出料口连接热焖渣装置的进料口；
C2：渣块收集器的出料口下方为固渣转运装置的进料口，固渣转运装置的出料口连接渣块破碎机的进料口，渣块破碎机的出料口连接热焖渣装置的进料口。
所述151、152型的换热单元的熔渣换热腔为上小下大的台形空腔，所述153、154型的换热单元的熔渣换热腔为上大下小的台形空腔；
每个或几个下方料口的下方安装一个与下方料口同步的熔渣档板，或者在下方料口的下方安装与熔渣注料器同步的熔渣档板；
所述导热基材通过浇铸或焊接的方式填充在换热管的外壁之间的间隙里或换热管的外壁与面板之间的间隙里；
所述换热管或/和面板上能够预先安装锚固件或/和换热管之间能够预先安装换 热管结构加强条，导热基材冷却后与换热管或/和面板构成融为一体的有效大强度的整体板状结构，再加工使其构成表面平整或带凸条或/和凹槽的熔渣换热板，换热管结构加强条或换热管或构成凸条，使固体渣块能够从熔渣换热腔排出，并且容易破碎。
与现有技术相比较，本发明具有结构简单合理，布置紧凑，占地面积小，投资小，余热回收率高等优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明一实施例结构示意图，图中所示：熔渣换热装置为圆轮形结构水平静止安装，熔渣注料器转动注料；
图2为图1的俯视结构放大示意图图；
图3为图2中Ⅰ局部放大旋转结构示意图；
图4为图3的A-A剖视图；
图5为图3的B-B剖视旋转放大结构示意图；
图6为图3的C-C剖视旋转放大结构示意图；
图7为本发明所述熔渣换热板一实施例结构示意图；
图8为本发明一实施例结构示意图，图中所示：熔渣换热装置为圆轮形结构垂直安装绕水平轴转动，熔渣注料器为静止注料；
图9为图8的右视结构示意图；
图10为本发明一实施例结构示意图，图中所示：熔渣换热装置为圆轮形结构水平安装绕垂直轴转动，熔渣注料器为静止注料；
图11为图10的俯视结构示意图；
图12为本发明一实施例结构示意图，图中所示：熔渣换热装置为圆台形结构水平静止安装，熔渣桶注料；
图13为图12的A-A剖视结构示意图；
图14为本发明一实施例结构示意图，图中所示：熔渣换热装置为长方台状结构静止安装，熔渣桶注料；
图15为图14的A-A剖视结构示意图；
图16为图14的俯视结构示意图；
图17为本发明一实施例结构示意图，图中所示：熔渣换热装置为人字梯台状结构静止安装，熔渣桶注料；
图18为本发明一实施例结构示意图，图中所示：熔渣换热装置为二个静止安装，熔渣桶轮流注料；
图19为图18的俯视结构示意图；
图20为本发明一实施例结构示意图，图中所示：熔渣换热装置田字状结构静止安装，熔渣桶注料；
图21为图20的俯视结构示意图；
图22为本发明一实施例结构示意图，图中所示：熔渣换热装置上安装换热腔开合装置；
图23为图22在熔融渣流入熔渣换热腔时，熔渣换热装置的结构示意图；
图24为图22在固体渣块排出熔渣换热腔时，熔渣换热装置的结构示意图；
图25为本发明所述换热单元一实施例结构示意图，换热单元主要由承压外壳、熔渣换热管、外壳上端板、外壳下端板和熔渣档板构成；
图26为图25的A-A剖视结构示意图；
图27为本发明一实施例结构示意图，图中所示：静止式的熔渣换热装置配置静止式的熔渣进料系统；
图28为本发明所述换热单元一实施例结构示意图，图中所示：换热单元的底板上安装带工作孔和顶出器的出料装置；
图29为图28的A-A剖视结构示意图；
图30为本发明一实施例结构示意图，图中所示：熔渣换热装置配置带翻转轴和翻转动力器的翻转装置；
图31为本发明所述换热板一实施例结构示意图，图中所示：换热管上安装换热管结构加强条；
图32为图31的A-A剖视结构示意图；
图33为本发明所述出渣器一实施例结构示意图；
图34为本发明所述清渣器和布粉器一实施例结构示意图，布粉器和清渣器的构成结构，一体联动；
图35为图34的A-A剖视结构示意图；
图36为图34的俯视结构示意图；
图中：1-渣源入口，2-固定渣道，3-过渡仓，4-过渡仓支撑件，5-活动渣道，6- 熔渣注料器，7-驱动器，8-出渣器，9-汽包，10-换热管，11-导热基材，12-熔渣换热板，13-熔渣换热腔，14熔渣档板，15-换热单元，16-面板，17-渣粒余热回收器，18-固渣转运装置，19-渣块破碎机，20-渣块收集器，21-支架，22-熔渣换热装置，23-清渣器，24-上方料口，25-下方料口，26-圆轮形支架，27-托轮，28-多通道旋转接头，29-传动器，30-单通道旋转接头，31-圆环形支架，32-滚轮，33-渣桶转运装置，34-熔渣桶，35-进水联管，36-出水联管，37-伸缩部件，38-换热腔开合装置，39-出水口，40-外壳上端板，41-熔渣换热管，42-承压外壳，43-外壳下端板，44-进水口，45-翻转轴，46-翻转动力器，47-工作孔，48-顶出器，49-换热管结构加强条，50-基架，51-推力器，52-顶杆，53-凸扣，54-勾爪，55-转动装置，56-转轴，57-清渣基架，58-清渣转体，59-括刀，60-料仓，61-布料口，62-料量控制器。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
参考附图1-36：
所述系统包括熔渣进料系统、熔渣换热装置22和汽水系统；
所述熔渣换热装置22至少由一个换热单元15组成；
所述换热单元15选用如下四种构造之一：
151：由熔渣换热板12和熔渣档板14围成筒体形的熔渣换热腔13，熔渣换热腔13的上方和下方分别为上方料口24和下方料口25，下方料口25的下方配置熔渣档板14；
152：由承压外壳42、外壳上端板40和外壳下端板43构成密闭的腔体，腔体上设置进水口44和出水口39，至少有一根熔渣换热管41贯穿外壳上端板40和外壳下端板43安装在腔体内，即：熔渣换热管41的外壁和腔体的内空构成承压的换热水室，所有熔渣换热管41的内腔均为熔渣换热腔13，熔渣换热腔13的上方和下方分别为上方料口24和下方料口25，下方料口25的下方配置熔渣档板14；
153：由熔渣换热板12围成筒体形的熔渣换热腔13，熔渣换热腔13的上方为上方料口24，熔渣换热腔13的下方封闭结构；
154：由承压外壳42、外壳上端板40和外壳下端板43构成密闭的腔体，腔体上设置进水口44和出水口39，至少有一根熔渣换热管41贯穿外壳上端板40安装在腔体内，即：熔渣换热管41的外壁和腔体的内空构成承压的换热水室，所有熔 渣换热管41的内腔均为熔渣换热腔13，熔渣换热腔13的上方为上方料口24，熔渣换热腔13的下方封闭结构；
述熔渣换热板12选用如下五种结构之一：
121：在相邻的换热管10的外壁之间的间隙里填充导热基材11，两者构成有结构强度的结构，每根换热管10上均有进水口44和出水口39；
122：换热管10安装在面板16上，两者构成有结构强度的结构，每根换热管10上均有进水口44和出水口39；
123：换热管10安装在面板16上的同时，在相邻的换热管10的外壁之间的间隙里填充导热基材11，三者构成有结构强度的结构，每根换热管10上均有进水口44和出水口39；
124：由导热基材11构成有结构强度的板状结构，其内设置供水流动的水道，水道的二头设置进水口44和出水口39；
125型：由二块面板16和隔板构成；隔板安装在二块面板16之间形成供水流动的水道，水道的二头设置进水口44和出水口39；
所述熔渣进料系统的输出端设置熔渣注料器6，熔渣注料器6布置在上方料口24的上方；
所述熔渣换热装置22根据实际需要选用静止式结构的或运动式结构的；
所述熔渣进料系统根据实际需要选用运动式结构的或静止式结构的；
所述汽水系统与静止式结构的熔渣换热装置22相匹配时的构造如下：由进水联管35、进水管、出水联管36和出水管组成；所有进水口44通过进水联管35与进水管连接，所有出水口39通过出水联管36与出水管连接，构成余热回收利用装置的换热器；
所述汽水系统与运动式结构的熔渣换热装置22相匹配时的构造如下：由进水联管35、进水管、出水联管36、出水管、耐压可变形管或旋转接头组成；所有进水口44通过进水联管35及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与进水管连接，所有出水口39通过出水联管36及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与出水管连接，构成余热回收利用装置的换热器。
所述导热基材11选用导热性良好的材料，如钢或铁或铜或铝；
所述换热管10为直管或盘管或蛇形管或U型管结构：
所述熔渣换热腔13选用如下二种结构之一：
131：熔渣换热腔13为容积固定式结构；
132：熔渣换热腔13为容积可变式结构；配置151、153型结构的换热单元15时，其熔渣换热装置22上安装换热腔开合装置38，在各换热单元15的侧板上安装伸缩部件37，配置的进水联管35和出水联管36选用耐压可变形管；在排出固体渣块过程中，换热腔开合装置38和伸缩部件37拉动或推动换热单元15的侧板，使熔渣换热腔13容腔变大易于排出固体渣块；
所述带有131型的熔渣换热腔13的熔渣换热装置22能够配置出渣器8，熔渣换热腔13的导热面即熔渣换热板12的受热面为平整的面结构、或为有纵向的凸条和/或凹槽的面结构；
所述带有132型的熔渣换热腔13的熔渣换热装置22能够配置出渣器8，熔渣换热腔13的导热面即熔渣换热板12的受热面为平整的面结构、或为有凸条和/或凹槽的面结构；
所述153、154型的换热单元15所配置的出渣器8选用如下三种结构之一：
081：包括顶出器48，顶出器48安装在换热单元15的底板上设置的工作孔47内；熔融渣经过熔渣注料器6注入到熔渣换热腔13中，熔融渣与水进行换热冷却凝固后，顶出器48将固体渣块从熔渣换热腔13中排出；
082：包括翻转装置，翻转装置安装在熔渣换热装置22及其底座之间翻转出料，同时，熔渣换热腔13的纵截面为上大下小的形状；
083：包括翻转装置，翻转装置安装在换热单元15及其底座之间翻转出料，同时，熔渣换热腔13的纵截面为上大下小的形状；
所述熔渣换热装置22能够配置清渣器23或/和布粉器，清渣器23和布粉器用于清理残留在换热单元15的进渣面上的残渣，然后在进渣面上或/和导热面布上一层辅料，所述辅料密封润滑熔渣注料器6与换热单元15的接触面，并便于出渣。
所述静止式结构的熔渣换热装置22选用以下结构之一：
2211：所有换热单元15均布在同一个圆环上，圆环水平安装在支架21上，所有上方料口24朝上；
2212：所有换热单元15布置在同一个台面上，台面水平或者按照设定倾角安装在支架21上，所有上方料口24朝上；
2213：所有换热单元15布置在若干个台阶的踏步位置，台阶的踏步安装在支架21上，所有上方料口24朝上；
所述运动式结构的熔渣换热装置22选用以下结构之一：
22210：所有换热单元15布置在同一个垂直安装的圆轮形支架26中，圆轮形支架26配置传动器29并安装在托轮27上，依靠托轮27支撑，传动器29通过圆轮形支架26带动熔渣换热装置22绕水平轴线一起转动，所有上方料口24均朝向或均背向圆轮的中心点；熔渣注料器6安装在熔渣换热装置22的内环之中或外环外上部；工作时，熔渣换热装置22绕水平轴线像呼拉圈一样垂直转动，熔融渣经过熔渣注料器6注入到指定的熔渣换热腔13中；
22211：所有换热单元15布置在同一个垂直安装的车轮形支架中，车轮形支架配置传动器并安装在水平支撑轴上，依靠水平支撑轴支撑，水平支撑轴安装在支架21上；传动器通过车轮形支架带动熔渣换热装置22绕水平轴线一起转动；所述车轮形支架采用汽车轮毂式单边支撑或自行车式通轴双边支撑或断轴式双边支撑，所述水平支撑轴为实心轴或空心轴结构，采用空心轴结构时，其内或布置水管或空心部分构成水流通道；所有上方料口24均朝向或均背向圆轮的中心点；熔渣注料器6安装在熔渣换热装置22的内环之中或外环外上部；工作时，熔渣换热装置22绕水平轴线像车轮一样垂直转动，熔融渣经过熔渣注料器6注入到指定的熔渣换热腔13中；
22220：所有换热单元15布置在同一个水平安装的圆环形支架31上，圆环形支架31配置传动器29安装在滚轮32上，换热单元15及圆环形支架31靠滚轮32支撑，传动器29通过圆环形支架31带动熔渣换热装置22绕垂直轴线一起转动；所有上方料口24均朝上；熔渣注料器6位于上方料口24的上方；工作时，熔渣换热装置22绕垂直轴线象钢厂烧结矿环冷机一样水平转动，熔融渣经过熔渣注料器6注入到指定的熔渣换热腔13中；
22221：所有换热单元15布置在同一个水平安装的车轮形支架上，车轮形支架配置传动器并安装在垂直支撑轴上，依靠垂直支撑轴支撑，垂直支撑轴安装在支架21上，传动器通过车轮形支架带动熔渣换热装置22绕垂直轴线一起转动；所述垂直支撑轴为实心轴或空心轴结构，采用空心轴结构时，其内或布置水管或空心部分构成水流通道；所有上方料口24均朝上；熔渣注料器6位于上方料口24的上方；工作时，熔渣换热装置22绕垂直轴线水平转动，熔融渣经过熔渣注料器6注入到指定的熔渣 换热腔13中；
2223：所有换热单元15布置在同一个水平安装的活动的支架21上，支架21安装在直线型或弧线形的支撑道上，依靠支撑道支撑，支架21配置传动器29，传动器29、通过活动的支架21带动熔渣换热装置22在支撑道上作往返运动，所有上方料口24均朝上；熔渣注料器6安装在上方料口24的上方；工作时，熔渣换热装置22往返运动，熔融渣经过熔渣注料器6注入到指定的熔渣换热腔13中；
2224：所述153、154型的换热单元15还能够布置在同一个带式运输机上，各换热单元15铰连接或安装在铰连接的支撑件上，带式运输机配置传动器29，传动器29使换热单元15作输送带式的循环运动，换热单元15运动到带式运输机上方时，所有上方料口24均朝上，换热单元15运动到带式运输机下方时，所有上方料口24均朝下；熔渣注料器6安装在上方料口24的上方；工作时，换热单元15做带式循环运动，熔融渣经过熔渣注料器6注入到指定的熔渣换热腔13中；
所述2211、2212、2213、22210、22211、22220、22221、2223、2224型的熔渣换热装置22能够选配以下之一的运动式结构的熔渣进料系统：
E1：由渣源入口1、固定渣道2、过渡仓3、过渡仓支撑件4和活动渣道5组成；固定渣道2的入口与渣源入口1连接，其出口位于过渡仓3的入口上方；过渡仓支撑件4安装在过渡仓3的下方，过渡仓3的出口与活动渣道5连接；活动渣道5的另一端设置熔渣注料器6；过渡仓3或活动渣道5配置驱动器7；工作时，熔渣注料器6按照设定程序移动位置，将熔融渣注入到指定的熔渣换热腔13中；
E2：由熔渣桶34和渣桶转运装置33组成，熔渣桶34上设置熔渣注料器6；工作时，熔渣注料器6在上方料口24上方移动，通过熔渣注料器6将熔融渣注入到指定的熔渣换热腔13中；
E3：由过渡仓3、过渡仓支撑件4和活动渣道5组成；过渡仓支撑件4安装在过渡仓3的下方，过渡仓3的出口与活动渣道5连接，活动渣道5的另一端设置熔渣注料器6，过渡仓3或活动渣道5配置驱动器7；工作时，熔渣注料器6按照设定程序移动位置，将熔融渣注入到指定的熔渣换热腔13中，熔融渣采用桶式运输、车运或其它运输方式进入到过渡仓3内；
所述22210、22211、22220、22221、2223、2224、2212、2213型的熔渣换热装置22还能够选配静止式结构的熔渣进料系统：所述熔渣进料系统由渣源入口1和固 定渣道2构成；固定渣道2的两端分别与渣源入口1和熔渣注料器6连接。
所述静止式结构的熔渣换热装置22所配置的汽水系统构造如下：由进水联管35及进水管、出水联管36及出水管和汽包9组成，汽水系统选用如下配置之一：
H1：所有进水口44均通过进水联管35与进水管连接、出水口39均通过出水联管36与出水管连接，进水管、出水管与汽包9连接构成余热锅炉的蒸发器；
H2：所有换热单元15至少分为两组，每组中的进水口44通过本组的进水联管35与本组的进水管连接，每组中的出水口39通过本组的出水联管36与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包9连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器；
所述带有151、153型的换热单元15的静止式结构的熔渣换热装置22还能够配置如下汽水系统：单个换热单元15的换热管10或水道至少分为两组，每组中的换热管10或水道的进水口44通过本组的进水联管35与本组的进水管连接，每组中的换热管10或水道的出水口39通过本组的出水联管36与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包9连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器；
所述运动式结构的熔渣换热装置22所配置的汽水系统构造如下：由进水联管35及进水管、出水联管36及出水管、耐压可变形管或旋转接头和汽包9组成；汽水系统选用如下的配置之一：
K1：所有进水口44均通过进水联管35及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与进水管连接，所有出水口39均通过出水联管36及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与出水管连接，进水管、出水管与汽包9连接构成余热锅炉的蒸发器；
K2：所有换热单元15至少分为两组，每组中的进水口44通过本组的进水联管35及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与本组的进水管连接，每组中的出水口39通过本组的出水联管36及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包9连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器；
所述带有151、153型的换热单元15的熔渣换热装置22还能够配置如下汽水系统：单个换热单元15的换热管10或水道至少分为两组，每组中的换热管10或水道的进水口44通过本组的进水联管35及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与本组的进水管连接，每组中的换热管10或水道的出水口39通过本组的出水联管36及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包9连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器。
所述22210、22211、22220、22221型的熔渣换热装置22选配如下汽水系统之一：
K3：由进水联管35及进水管、出水联管36及出水管、二个单通道旋转接头30或一个多通道旋转接头28和汽包9组成；所述进水口44均通过进水联管35及单通道旋转接头30或多通道旋转接头28与进水管连接，出水口39均通过出水联管36及另一个单通道旋转接头30或多通道旋转接头28与出水管连接，进水管、出水管与汽包9连接构成余热锅炉的蒸发器；
K4：由进水联管35及进水管、出水联管36及出水管、二个或一个多通道旋转接头28和汽包9组成；所述换热单元15至少分为两组，每组中的进水口44通过本组的进水联管35及多通道旋转接头28与本组的进水管连接，每组中的出水口39均通过本组的分为两组，每组中的换热管10或水道的进水口44通过本组的进水联管35及多通道旋转接头28与本组的进水管连接，每组中的换热管10或水道的出水口39均通过本组的出水联管36及多通道旋转接头28与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包9连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器；
所述带有151、153型的换热单元15的熔渣换热装置22还能够配置如下汽水系统：由进水联管35及进水管、出水联管36及出水管、二个或一个多通道旋转接头28和汽包9组成；所述单个换热单元15的换热管10或水道至少分为两组，每组中的换热管10或水道的进水口44通过本组的进水联管35及多通道旋转接头28与本组的进水管连接，每组中的换热管10或水道的出水口39均通过本组的出水联管36及多通道旋转接头28与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包(9)连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器；
所述2223型的熔渣换热装置22配置的汽水系统由进水联管35及进水管、出水联管36及出水管、耐压可变形管和汽包9组成；汽水系统选用如下配置之一：
K5：所述进水口44均通过进水联管35及耐压可变形管与进水管连接，出水口39均通过出水联管36及耐压可变形管与出水管连接，进水管、出水管与汽包9连接构成余热锅炉的蒸发器；
K6：所述换热单元15至少分为两组，每组中的进水口44通过本组的进水联管35及耐压可变形管与本组的进水管连接，每组中的出水口39均通过本组的出水联管36及耐压可变形管与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包9连接构成余热锅 炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器；
所述带有151、153型的换热单元15的熔渣换热装置22还能够配置如下汽水系统：所述单个换热单元15的换热管10或水道至少分为两组，每组中的换热管10或水道的进水口44通过本组的进水联管35及耐压可变形管与本组的进水管连接，每组中的换热管10或水道的出水口39均通过本组的出水联管36及耐压可变形管与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包9连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器。
所述清渣器23布置在上方料口24沿进渣方向的后方；所述清渣器23包括转动装置55、转轴56、清渣基架57、清渣转体58和括刀59；转轴56安装在清渣基架57的轴孔内，其上方配置转动装置55，其下方安装带括刀59的清渣转体58；转轴56或在轴孔内沿轴线位移；工作时，转动装置55通过转轴56带动清渣转体58及括刀59旋转，清除残渣；
所述布粉器布置在上方料口24沿进渣方向的后方；所述布粉器包括料仓60、布料口61或和料量控制器62；布料口61位于料仓60沿进渣方向的前方，布料口61或安装料量控制器62，布料口61布置在上方料口24沿进渣方向的后方；布粉器或和清渣器23构成结构；一体联动。
所述采用151或152型换热单元15的熔渣换热装置22配置的出渣器8安装在其上方料口24的上方；所述出渣器8包括基架50、推力器51、顶杆52、凸扣53、勾爪54；推力器51安装在基架50上，位于上方料口24的上方，顶杆52安装在推力器51下方的伸缩体上，凸扣53安装在熔渣换热装置22的侧面或上面、勾爪54安装在基架50的下部；出料时，勾爪54与凸扣53扣合受力，推力器51驱动顶杆52顶出固体渣块；推力器51选用液压缸、气压缸、机械凸轮、机械曲杆、机械齿轮之一或其它机械传力装置；
所述采用153或154型的换热单元的熔渣换热装置22配置的翻转装置由翻转轴45或翻转轮和翻转动力器46组成，翻转轴45或翻转轮安装在单个换热单元15或整个熔渣换热装置22上，翻转动力器46带动单个换热单元15或整个熔渣换热装置22翻转出料。
所述熔渣换热装置22能够配置如下结构之一固渣处理装置：
A：由渣块收集器20、渣块破碎机19、固渣转运装置18和渣粒余热回收器17 组成；所述渣块收集器20安装在熔渣换热装置22的出料口的下方，选用如下之一配置：
A1：渣块收集器20的出料口连接渣块破碎机19的进料口，渣块破碎机19的出料口安装在固渣转运装置18的进料口的上方，固渣转运装置18的出料口连接渣粒余热回收器17的进料口；
A2：渣块收集器20的出料口下方为固渣转运装置18的进料口，固渣转运装置18的出料口连接渣块破碎机19的进料口，渣块破碎机19的出料口连接渣粒余热回收器17的进料口；
B：由渣块收集器20、固渣转运装置18、和热焖渣装置组成；所述渣块收集器20安装在熔渣换热装置22的出料口的下方，渣块收集器20的出料口下方为固渣转运装置18的进料口，固渣转运装置18的出料口连接热焖渣装置的进料口；
C：由渣块收集器20、固渣转运装置18、渣块破碎机19和热焖渣装置组成；所述渣块收集器20安装在熔渣换热装置22的出料口的下方，选用如下之一配置：
C1：渣块收集器20的出料口连接渣块破碎机19的进料口，渣块破碎机19的出料口安装在固渣转运装置18的进料口的上方，固渣转运装置18的出料口连接热焖渣装置的进料口；
C2：渣块收集器20的出料口下方为固渣转运装置18的进料口，固渣转运装置18的出料口连接渣块破碎机19的进料口，渣块破碎机19的出料口连接热焖渣装置的进料口。
所述151、152型的换热单元15的熔渣换热腔13为上小下大的台形空腔，所述153、154型的换热单元15的熔渣换热腔13为上大下小的台形空腔；
每个或几个下方料口25的下方安装一个与下方料口25同步的熔渣档板14，或者在下方料口25的下方安装与熔渣注料器6同步的熔渣档板14；
所述导热基材11通过浇铸或焊接的方式填充在换热管10的外壁之间的间隙里或换热管10的外壁与面板16之间的间隙里；
所述换热管10或/和面板16上能够预先安装锚固件或/和换热管10之间能够预先安装换热管结构加强条49，导热基材11冷却后与换热管10或/和面板16构成融为一体的有效大强度的整体板状结构，再加工使其构成表面平整或带凸条或/和凹槽的熔渣换热板12，换热管结构加强条49或换热管10或构成凸条，使固体渣块能够从熔 渣换热腔13排出，并且容易破碎。
所述熔渣换热板12两面均能够为受热面，其进水口44、出水口39通常设置在其侧面；所述多通道旋转接头28指两个及两个以上通道的旋转接头。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种熔融渣余热回收系统，所述系统包括熔渣进料系统、熔渣换热装置(22)和汽水系统；其特征在于：
    所述熔渣换热装置(22)至少由一个换热单元(15)组成；
    所述换热单元(15)选用如下四种构造之一：
    151：由熔渣换热板(12)和熔渣档板(14)围成筒体形的熔渣换热腔(13)，熔渣换热腔(13)的上方和下方分别为上方料口(24)和下方料口(25)，下方料口(25)的下方配置熔渣档板(14)；
    152：由承压外壳(42)、外壳上端板(40)和外壳下端板(43)构成密闭的腔体，腔体上设置进水口(44)和出水口(39)，至少有一根熔渣换热管(41)贯穿外壳上端板(40)和外壳下端板(43)安装在腔体内，即：熔渣换热管(41)的外壁和腔体的内空构成承压的换热水室，所有熔渣换热管(41)的内腔均为熔渣换热腔(13)，熔渣换热腔(13)的上方和下方分别为上方料口(24)和下方料口(25)，下方料口(25)的下方配置熔渣档板(14)；
    153：由熔渣换热板(12)围成筒体形的熔渣换热腔(13)，熔渣换热腔(13)的上方为上方料口(24)，熔渣换热腔(13)的下方封闭结构；
    154：由承压外壳(42)、外壳上端板(40)和外壳下端板(43)构成密闭的腔体，腔体上设置进水口(44)和出水口(39)，至少有一根熔渣换热管(41)贯穿外壳上端板(40)安装在腔体内，即：熔渣换热管(41)的外壁和腔体的内空构成承压的换热水室，所有熔渣换热管(41)的内腔均为熔渣换热腔(13)，熔渣换热腔(13)的上方为上方料口(24)，熔渣换热腔(13)的下方封闭结构；
    述熔渣换热板(12)选用如下五种结构之一：
    121：在相邻的换热管(10)的外壁之间的间隙里填充导热基材(11)，两者构成有结构强度的结构，每根换热管(10)上均有进水口(44)和出水口(39)；
    122：换热管(10)安装在面板(16)上，两者构成有结构强度的结构，每根换热管(10)上均有进水口(44)和出水口(39)；
    123：换热管(10)安装在面板(16)上的同时，在相邻的换热管(10) 的外壁之间的间隙里填充导热基材(11)，三者构成有结构强度的结构，每根换热管(10)上均有进水口(44)和出水口(39)；
    124：由导热基材(11)构成有结构强度的板状结构，其内设置供水流动的水道，水道的二头设置进水口(44)和出水口(39)；
    125型：由二块面板(16)和隔板构成；隔板安装在二块面板(16)之间形成供水流动的水道，水道的二头设置进水口(44)和出水口(39)；
    所述熔渣进料系统的输出端设置熔渣注料器(6)，熔渣注料器(6)布置在上方料口(24)的上方；
    所述熔渣换热装置(22)根据实际需要选用静止式结构的或运动式结构的；
    所述熔渣进料系统根据实际需要选用运动式结构的或静止式结构的；
    所述汽水系统与静止式结构的熔渣换热装置(22)相匹配时的构造如下：由进水联管(35)、进水管、出水联管(36)和出水管组成；所有进水口(44)通过进水联管(35)与进水管连接，所有出水口(39)通过出水联管(36)与出水管连接，构成余热回收利用装置的换热器；
    所述汽水系统与运动式结构的熔渣换热装置(22)相匹配时的构造如下：由进水联管(35)、进水管、出水联管(36)、出水管、耐压可变形管或旋转接头组成；所有进水口(44)通过进水联管(35)及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与进水管连接，所有出水口(39)通过出水联管(36)及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与出水管连接，构成余热回收利用装置的换热器。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述系统，其特征在于：所述导热基材(11)选用导热性良好的材料，如钢或铁或铜或铝；
    所述换热管(10)为直管或盘管或蛇形管或U型管结构：
    所述熔渣换热腔(13)选用如下二种结构之一：
    131：熔渣换热腔(13)为容积固定式结构；
    132：熔渣换热腔(13)为容积可变式结构；配置151、153型结构的换热单元(15)时，其熔渣换热装置(22)上安装换热腔开合装置(38)，在各换热单元(15)的侧板上安装伸缩部件(37)，配置的进水联管(35)和出水联管(36)选用耐压可变形管；在排出固体渣块过程中，换热腔开合装置(38)和伸缩部件(37)拉动或推动换热单元(15)的侧板，使熔渣换热腔(13)容 腔变大易于排出固体渣块；
    所述带有131型的熔渣换热腔(13)的熔渣换热装置(22)能够配置出渣器(8)，熔渣换热腔(13)的导热面即熔渣换热板(12)的受热面为平整的面结构、或为有纵向的凸条和/或凹槽的面结构；
    所述带有132型的熔渣换热腔(13)的熔渣换热装置(22)能够配置出渣器(8)，熔渣换热腔(13)的导热面即熔渣换热板(12)的受热面为平整的面结构、或为有凸条和/或凹槽的面结构；
    所述153、154型的换热单元(15)所配置的出渣器(8)选用如下三种结构之一：
    081：包括顶出器(48)，顶出器(48)安装在换热单元(15)的底板上设置的工作孔(47)内；熔融渣经过熔渣注料器(6)注入到熔渣换热腔(13)中，熔融渣与水进行换热冷却凝固后，顶出器(48)将固体渣块从熔渣换热腔(13)中排出；
    082：包括翻转装置，翻转装置安装在熔渣换热装置(22)及其底座之间翻转出料，同时，熔渣换热腔(13)的纵截面为上大下小的形状；
    083：包括翻转装置，翻转装置安装在换热单元(15)及其底座之间翻转出料，同时，熔渣换热腔(13)的纵截面为上大下小的形状；
    所述熔渣换热装置(22)能够配置清渣器(23)或/和布粉器，清渣器(23)和布粉器用于清理残留在换热单元(15)的进渣面上的残渣，然后在进渣面上或/和导热面布上一层辅料，所述辅料密封润滑熔渣注料器(6)与换热单元(15)的接触面，并便于出渣。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述系统，其特征在于：所述静止式结构的熔渣换热装置(22)选用以下结构之一：
    2211：所有换热单元(15)均布在同一个圆环上，圆环水平安装在支架(21)上，所有上方料口(24)朝上；
    2212：所有换热单元(15)布置在同一个台面上，台面水平或者按照设定倾角安装在支架(21)上，所有上方料口(24)朝上；
    2213：所有换热单元(15)布置在若干个台阶的踏步位置，台阶的踏步安装在支架(21)上，所有上方料口(24)朝上；
    所述运动式结构的熔渣换热装置(22)选用以下结构之一：
    22210：所有换热单元(15)布置在同一个垂直安装的圆轮形支架(26)中，圆轮形支架(26)配置传动器(29)并安装在托轮(27)上，依靠托轮(27)支撑，传动器(29)通过圆轮形支架(26)带动熔渣换热装置(22)绕水平轴线一起转动，所有上方料口(24)均朝向或均背向圆轮的中心点；熔渣注料器(6)安装在熔渣换热装置(22)的内环之中或外环外上部；工作时，熔渣换热装置(22)绕水平轴线像呼拉圈一样垂直转动，熔融渣经过熔渣注料器(6)注入到指定的熔渣换热腔(13)中；
    22211：所有换热单元(15)布置在同一个垂直安装的车轮形支架中，车轮形支架配置传动器并安装在水平支撑轴上，依靠水平支撑轴支撑，水平支撑轴安装在支架(21)上；传动器通过车轮形支架带动熔渣换热装置(22)绕水平轴线一起转动；所述车轮形支架采用汽车轮毂式单边支撑或自行车式通轴双边支撑或断轴式双边支撑，所述水平支撑轴为实心轴或空心轴结构，采用空心轴结构时，其内或布置水管或空心部分构成水流通道；所有上方料口(24)均朝向或均背向圆轮的中心点；熔渣注料器(6)安装在熔渣换热装置(22)的内环之中或外环外上部；工作时，熔渣换热装置(22)绕水平轴线像车轮一样垂直转动，熔融渣经过熔渣注料器(6)注入到指定的熔渣换热腔(13)中；
    22220：所有换热单元(15)布置在同一个水平安装的圆环形支架(31)上，圆环形支架(31)配置传动器(29)安装在滚轮(32)上，换热单元(15)及圆环形支架(31)靠滚轮(32)支撑，传动器(29)通过圆环形支架(31)带动熔渣换热装置(22)绕垂直轴线一起转动；所有上方料口(24)均朝上；熔渣注料器(6)位于上方料口(24)的上方；工作时，熔渣换热装置(22)绕垂直轴线象钢厂烧结矿环冷机一样水平转动，熔融渣经过熔渣注料器(6)注入到指定的熔渣换热腔(13)中；
    22221：所有换热单元(15)布置在同一个水平安装的车轮形支架上，车轮形支架配置传动器并安装在垂直支撑轴上，依靠垂直支撑轴支撑，垂直支撑轴安装在支架(21)上，传动器通过车轮形支架带动熔渣换热装置(22)绕垂直轴线一起转动；所述垂直支撑轴为实心轴或空心轴结构，采用空心轴结构时，其内或布置水管或空心部分构成水流通道；所有上方料口(24)均朝上；熔渣注料器(6) 位于上方料口(24)的上方；工作时，熔渣换热装置(22)绕垂直轴线水平转动，熔融渣经过熔渣注料器(6)注入到指定的熔渣换热腔(13)中；
    2223：所有换热单元(15)布置在同一个水平安装的活动的支架(21)上，支架(21)安装在直线型或弧线形的支撑道上，依靠支撑道支撑，支架(21)配置传动器(29)，传动器(29)通过活动的支架(21)带动熔渣换热装置(22)在支撑道上作往返运动，所有上方料口(24)均朝上；熔渣注料器(6)安装在上方料口(24)的上方；工作时，熔渣换热装置(22)往返运动，熔融渣经过熔渣注料器(6)注入到指定的熔渣换热腔(13)中；
    2224：所述153、154型的换热单元(15)还能够布置在同一个带式运输机上，各换热单元(15)铰连接或安装在铰连接的支撑件上，带式运输机配置传动器(29)，传动器(29)使换热单元(15)作输送带式的循环运动，换热单元(15)运动到带式运输机上方时，所有上方料口(24)均朝上，换热单元(15)运动到带式运输机下方时，所有上方料口(24)均朝下；熔渣注料器(6)安装在上方料口(24)的上方；工作时，换热单元(15)做带式循环运动，熔融渣经过熔渣注料器(6)注入到指定的熔渣换热腔(13)中；
    所述2211、2212、2213、22210、22211、22220、22221、2223、2224型的熔渣换热装置(22)能够选配以下之一的运动式结构的熔渣进料系统：
    E1：由渣源入口(1)、固定渣道(2)、过渡仓(3)、过渡仓支撑件(4)和活动渣道(5)组成；固定渣道(2)的入口与渣源入口(1)连接，其出口位于过渡仓(3)的入口上方；过渡仓支撑件(4)安装在过渡仓(3)的下方，过渡仓(3)的出口与活动渣道(5)连接；活动渣道(5)的另一端设置熔渣注料器(6)；过渡仓(3)或活动渣道(5)配置驱动器(7)；工作时，熔渣注料器(6)按照设定程序移动位置，将熔融渣注入到指定的熔渣换热腔(13)中；
    E2：由熔渣桶(34)和渣桶转运装置(33)组成，熔渣桶(34)上设置熔渣注料器(6)；工作时，熔渣注料器(6)在上方料口(24)上方移动，通过熔渣注料器(6)将熔融渣注入到指定的熔渣换热腔(13)中；
    E3：由过渡仓(3)、过渡仓支撑件(4)和活动渣道(5)组成；过渡仓支撑件(4)安装在过渡仓(3)的下方，过渡仓(3)的出口与活动渣道(5)连接，活动渣道(5)的另一端设置熔渣注料器(6)，过渡仓(3)或活动渣道(5)配 置驱动器(7)；工作时，熔渣注料器(6)按照设定程序移动位置，将熔融渣注入到指定的熔渣换热腔(13)中，熔融渣采用桶式运输、车运或其它运输方式进入到过渡仓(3)内；
    所述22210、22211、22220、22221、2223、2224、2212、2213型的熔渣换热装置(22)还能够选配静止式结构的熔渣进料系统：所述熔渣进料系统由渣源入口(1)和固定渣道(2)构成；固定渣道(2)的两端分别与渣源入口(1)和熔渣注料器(6)连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述系统，其特征在于：所述静止式结构的熔渣换热装置(22)所配置的汽水系统构造如下：由进水联管(35)及进水管、出水联管(36)及出水管和汽包(9)组成，汽水系统选用如下配置之一：
    H1：所有进水口(44)均通过进水联管(35)与进水管连接、出水口(39)均通过出水联管(36)与出水管连接，进水管、出水管与汽包(9)连接构成余热锅炉的蒸发器；
    H2：所有换热单元(15)至少分为两组，每组中的进水口(44)通过本组的进水联管(35)与本组的进水管连接，每组中的出水口(39)通过本组的出水联管(36)与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包(9)连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器；
    所述带有151、153型的换热单元(15)的静止式结构的熔渣换热装置(22)还能够配置如下汽水系统：单个换热单元(15)的换热管(10)或水道至少分为两组，每组中的换热管(10)或水道的进水口(44)通过本组的进水联管(35)与本组的进水管连接，每组中的换热管(10)或水道的出水口(39)通过本组的出水联管(36)与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包(9)连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器；
    所述运动式结构的熔渣换热装置(22)所配置的汽水系统构造如下：由进水联管(35)及进水管、出水联管(36)及出水管、耐压可变形管或旋转接头和汽包(9)组成；汽水系统选用如下的配置之一：
    K1：所有进水口(44)均通过进水联管(35)及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与进水管连接，所有出水口(39)均通过出水联管(36)及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与出水管连接，进水管、出水管与汽包(9)连接构成余热锅炉的蒸发器；
    K2：所有换热单元(15)至少分为两组，每组中的进水口(44)通过本组的进水联管(35)及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与本组的进水管连接，每组中的出水口(39)通过本组的出水联管(36)及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包(9)连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器；
    所述带有151、153型的换热单元(15)的熔渣换热装置(22)还能够配置如下汽水系统：单个换热单元(15)的换热管(10)或水道至少分为两组，每组中的换热管(10)或水道的进水口(44)通过本组的进水联管(35)及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与本组的进水管连接，每组中的换热管(10)或水道的出水口(39)通过本组的出水联管(36)及耐压可变形管或旋转接头与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包(9)连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述系统，其特征在于：所述22210、22211、22220、22221型的熔渣换热装置(22)选配如下汽水系统之一：
    K3：由进水联管(35)及进水管、出水联管(36)及出水管、二个单通道旋转接头(30)或一个多通道旋转接头(28)和汽包(9)组成；所述进水口(44)均通过进水联管(35)及单通道旋转接头(30)或多通道旋转接头(28)与进水管连接，出水口(39)均通过出水联管(36)及另一个单通道旋转接头(30)或多通道旋转接头(28)与出水管连接，进水管、出水管与汽包(9)连接构成余热锅炉的蒸发器；
    K4：由进水联管(35)及进水管、出水联管(36)及出水管、二个或一个多通道旋转接头(28)和汽包(9)组成；所述换热单元(15)至少分为两组，每组中的进水口(44)通过本组的进水联管(35)及多通道旋转接头(28)与本组的进水管连接，每组中的出水口(39)均通过本组的分为两组，每组中的换热管(10)或水道的进水口(44)通过本组的进水联管(35)及多通道旋转接头(28)与本组的进水管连接，每组中的换热管(10)或水道的出水口(39)均通过本组的出水联管(36)及多通道旋转接头(28)与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包(9)连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器；
    所述带有151、153型的换热单元(15)的熔渣换热装置(22)还能够配置如下汽水系统：由进水联管(35)及进水管、出水联管(36)及出水管、二个或 一个多通道旋转接头(28)和汽包(9)组成；所述单个换热单元(15)的换热管(10)或水道至少分为两组，每组中的换热管(10)或水道的进水口(44)通过本组的进水联管(35)及多通道旋转接头(28)与本组的进水管连接，每组中的换热管(10)或水道的出水口(39)均通过本组的出水联管(36)及多通道旋转接头(28)与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包(9)连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器；
    所述2223型的熔渣换热装置(22)配置的汽水系统由进水联管(35)及进水管、出水联管(36)及出水管、耐压可变形管和汽包(9)组成；汽水系统选用如下配置之一：
    K5：所述进水口(44)均通过进水联管(35)及耐压可变形管与进水管连接，出水口(39)均通过出水联管(36)及耐压可变形管与出水管连接，进水管、出水管与汽包(9)连接构成余热锅炉的蒸发器；
    K6：所述换热单元(15)至少分为两组，每组中的进水口(44)通过本组的进水联管(35)及耐压可变形管与本组的进水管连接，每组中的出水口(39)均通过本组的出水联管(36)及耐压可变形管与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包(9)连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器；
    所述带有151、153型的换热单元(15)的熔渣换热装置(22)还能够配置如下汽水系统：所述单个换热单元(15)的换热管(10)或水道至少分为两组，每组中的换热管(10)或水道的进水口(44)通过本组的进水联管(35)及耐压可变形管与本组的进水管连接，每组中的换热管(10)或水道的出水口(39)均通过本组的出水联管(36)及耐压可变形管与本组的出水管连接，各进水管、出水管与汽包(9)连接构成余热锅炉的省煤器、蒸发器、过热器。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述系统，其特征在于：所述清渣器(23)布置在上方料口(24)沿进渣方向的后方；所述清渣器(23)包括转动装置(55)、转轴(56)、清渣基架(57)、清渣转体(58)和括刀(59)；转轴(56)安装在清渣基架(57)的轴孔内，其上方配置转动装置(55)，其下方安装带括刀(59)的清渣转体(58)；转轴(56)或在轴孔内沿轴线位移；工作时，转动装置(55)通过转轴(56)带动清渣转体(58)及括刀(59)旋转，清除残渣；
    所述布粉器布置在上方料口(24)沿进渣方向的后方；所述布粉器包括料 仓(60)、布料口(61)或和料量控制器(62)；布料口(61)位于料仓(60)沿进渣方向的前方，布料口(61)或安装料量控制器(62)，布料口(61)布置在上方料口(24)沿进渣方向的后方；布粉器或和清渣器(23)构成结构；一体联动。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述系统，其特征在于：所述采用151或152型换热单元(15)的熔渣换热装置(22)配置的出渣器(8)安装在其上方料口(24)的上方；所述出渣器(8)包括基架(50)、推力器(51)、顶杆(52)、凸扣(53)、勾爪(54)；推力器(51)安装在基架(50)上，位于上方料口(24)的上方，顶杆(52)安装在推力器(51)下方的伸缩体上，凸扣(53)安装在熔渣换热装置(22)的侧面或上面、勾爪(54)安装在基架(50)的下部；出料时，勾爪(54)与凸扣(53)扣合受力，推力器(51)驱动顶杆(52)顶出固体渣块；推力器(51)选用液压缸、气压缸、机械凸轮、机械曲杆、机械齿轮之一或其它机械传力装置；
    所述采用153或154型的换热单元的熔渣换热装置(22)配置的翻转装置由翻转轴(45)或翻转轮和翻转动力器(46)组成，翻转轴(45)或翻转轮安装在单个换热单元(15)或整个熔渣换热装置(22)上，翻转动力器(46)带动单个换热单元(15)或整个熔渣换热装置(22)翻转出料。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述系统，其特征在于：所述熔渣换热装置(22)能够配置如下结构之一固渣处理装置：
    A：由渣块收集器(20)、渣块破碎机(19)、固渣转运装置(18)和渣粒余热回收器(17)组成；所述渣块收集器(20)安装在熔渣换热装置(22)的出料口的下方，选用如下之一配置：
    A1：渣块收集器(20)的出料口连接渣块破碎机(19)的进料口，渣块破碎机(19)的出料口安装在固渣转运装置(18)的进料口的上方，固渣转运装置(18)的出料口连接渣粒余热回收器(17)的进料口；
    A2：渣块收集器(20)的出料口下方为固渣转运装置(18)的进料口，固渣转运装置(18)的出料口连接渣块破碎机(19)的进料口，渣块破碎机(19)的出料口连接渣粒余热回收器(17)的进料口；
    B：由渣块收集器(20)、固渣转运装置(18)、和热焖渣装置组成；所述渣块收集器(20)安装在熔渣换热装置(22)的出料口的下方，渣块收集器(20) 的出料口下方为固渣转运装置(18)的进料口，固渣转运装置(18)的出料口连接热焖渣装置的进料口；
    C：由渣块收集器(20)、固渣转运装置(18)、渣块破碎机(19)和热焖渣装置组成；所述渣块收集器(20)安装在熔渣换热装置(22)的出料口的下方，选用如下之一配置：
    C1：渣块收集器(20)的出料口连接渣块破碎机(19)的进料口，渣块破碎机(19)的出料口安装在固渣转运装置(18)的进料口的上方，固渣转运装置(18)的出料口连接热焖渣装置的进料口；
    C2：渣块收集器(20)的出料口下方为固渣转运装置(18)的进料口，固渣转运装置(18)的出料口连接渣块破碎机(19)的进料口，渣块破碎机(19)的出料口连接热焖渣装置的进料口。
  9. 根据权利要求3所述系统，其特征在于：所述熔渣换热装置(22)能够配置如下结构之一固渣处理装置：
    A：由渣块收集器(20)、渣块破碎机(19)、固渣转运装置(18)和渣粒余热回收器(17)组成；所述渣块收集器(20)安装在熔渣换热装置(22)的出料口的下方，选用如下之一配置：
    A1：渣块收集器(20)的出料口连接渣块破碎机(19)的进料口，渣块破碎机(19)的出料口安装在固渣转运装置(18)的进料口的上方，固渣转运装置(18)的出料口连接渣粒余热回收器(17)的进料口；
    A2：渣块收集器(20)的出料口下方为固渣转运装置(18)的进料口，固渣转运装置(18)的出料口连接渣块破碎机(19)的进料口，渣块破碎机(19)的出料口连接渣粒余热回收器(17)的进料口；
    B：由渣块收集器(20)、固渣转运装置(18)、和热焖渣装置组成；所述渣块收集器(20)安装在熔渣换热装置(22)的出料口的下方，渣块收集器(20)的出料口下方为固渣转运装置(18)的进料口，固渣转运装置(18)的出料口连接热焖渣装置的进料口；
    C：由渣块收集器(20)、固渣转运装置(18)、渣块破碎机(19)和热焖渣装置组成；所述渣块收集器(20)安装在熔渣换热装置(22)的出料口的下方，选用如下之一配置：
    C1：渣块收集器(20)的出料口连接渣块破碎机(19)的进料口，渣块破碎机(19)的出料口安装在固渣转运装置(18)的进料口的上方，固渣转运装置(18)的出料口连接热焖渣装置的进料口；
    C2：渣块收集器(20)的出料口下方为固渣转运装置(18)的进料口，固渣转运装置(18)的出料口连接渣块破碎机(19)的进料口，渣块破碎机(19)的出料口连接热焖渣装置的进料口。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2所述系统，其特征在于：所述151、152型的换热单元(15)的熔渣换热腔(13)为上小下大的台形空腔，所述153、154型的换热单元(15)的熔渣换热腔(13)为上大下小的台形空腔；
    每个或几个下方料口(25)的下方安装一个与下方料口(25)同步的熔渣档板(14)，或者在下方料口(25)的下方安装与熔渣注料器(6)同步的熔渣档板(14)；
    所述导热基材(11)通过浇铸或焊接的方式填充在换热管(10)的外壁之间的间隙里或换热管(10)的外壁与面板(16)之间的间隙里；
    所述换热管(10)或/和面板(16)上能够预先安装锚固件或/和换热管(10)之间能够预先安装换热管结构加强条(49)，导热基材(11)冷却后与换热管(10)或/和面板(16)构成融为一体的有效大强度的整体板状结构，再加工使其构成表面平整或带凸条或/和凹槽的熔渣换热板(12)，换热管结构加强条(49)或换热管(10)或构成凸条，使固体渣块能够从熔渣换热腔(13)排出，并且容易破碎。
  11. 根据权利要求3所述系统，其特征在于：所述151、152型的换热单元(15)的熔渣换热腔(13)为上小下大的台形空腔，所述153、154型的换热单元(15)的熔渣换热腔(13)为上大下小的台形空腔；
    每个或几个下方料口(25)的下方安装一个与下方料口(25)同步的熔渣档板(14)，或者在下方料口(25)的下方安装与熔渣注料器(6)同步的熔渣档板(14)；
    所述导热基材(11)通过浇铸或焊接的方式填充在换热管(10)的外壁之间的间隙里或换热管(10)的外壁与面板(16)之间的间隙里；
    所述换热管(10)或/和面板(16)上能够预先安装锚固件或/和换热管(10)之 间能够预先安装换热管结构加强条(49)，导热基材(11)冷却后与换热管(10)或/和面板(16)构成融为一体的有效大强度的整体板状结构，再加工使其构成表面平整或带凸条或/和凹槽的熔渣换热板(12)，换热管结构加强条(49)或换热管(10)或构成凸条，使固体渣块能够从熔渣换热腔(13)排出，并且容易破碎。
PCT/CN2018/075009 2017-03-28 2018-02-02 熔融渣余热回收系统 WO2018177023A1 (zh)

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