WO2018171467A1 - 一种任意关系的二阶子问题逆运动学求解方法 - Google Patents

一种任意关系的二阶子问题逆运动学求解方法 Download PDF

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WO2018171467A1
WO2018171467A1 PCT/CN2018/078833 CN2018078833W WO2018171467A1 WO 2018171467 A1 WO2018171467 A1 WO 2018171467A1 CN 2018078833 W CN2018078833 W CN 2018078833W WO 2018171467 A1 WO2018171467 A1 WO 2018171467A1
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solution
order
formula
inverse kinematics
inverse
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PCT/CN2018/078833
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French (fr)
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王海霞
卢晓
李玉霞
张志国
崔玮
盛春阳
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山东科技大学
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  • the invention belongs to the field of robot inverse kinematics, and particularly relates to an inverse kinematic solution method for a second-order sub-problem of arbitrary relations.
  • the Paden-Kanhan sub-problem is widely used in robot inverse kinematics because of its geometric and numerical stability, and the ability to flexibly provide closed solutions for a variety of robots.
  • the Paden-Kanhan sub-problems are mainly divided into three categories: first-order sub-problems, second-order sub-problems, and third-order sub-problems.
  • the first-order sub-problem is the inverse solution to the rotation R or translation T motion of a single joint;
  • the second-order sub-problem is for the inverse problem of two joints, including three cases: RR, TT, RT/TR, where RR It is divided into different types such as intersecting, parallel, and different vertical;
  • the third-order sub-problem is an inverse solution to the three joints, including six cases.
  • it is difficult to guarantee many geometric relations due to machining and assembly, such as: intersecting, parallel, and different structures need to choose different formulas, which brings a lot of inconvenience to practical applications.
  • the present invention proposes an inverse kinematics solving method for a second-order sub-problem with arbitrary relationship, which is reasonable in design, overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art, and has good effects.
  • An inverse kinematic solution method for a second-order subproblem of arbitrary relations comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Find ⁇ 1
  • the second-order subproblem RR can be expressed as a formula
  • spin quantity it can be known that:
  • Step 2 Find ⁇ 2
  • the specific quadrant of the ⁇ 2 angle is defined by with The sign determines that when the two adjacent joints intersect, the points r 1 and r 2 on the two joint axes must satisfy r 1 ⁇ r 2 ⁇ r 0 , where r 0 is the intersection of the two axes.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram showing the RR structure of an arbitrary relationship.
  • An inverse kinematic solution method for a second-order subproblem of arbitrary relations comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Find ⁇ 1
  • the second-order subproblem RR can be expressed as a
  • I 3 ⁇ 3 is a 3 ⁇ 3 unit matrix
  • Is a rotation matrix which can be expressed as Rodrigues:
  • Is the antisymmetric matrix of the unit direction vector ⁇ [ ⁇ x , ⁇ y , ⁇ z ] T , which can be expressed as:
  • equation (9) can be changed to:
  • Step 2 Find ⁇ 2
  • ⁇ 2 can be expressed as:
  • the specific quadrant of the ⁇ 2 angle is defined by with The sign determines that when the two adjacent joints intersect, the points r 1 and r 2 on the two joint axes must satisfy r 1 ⁇ r 2 ⁇ r 0 , where r 0 is the intersection of the two axes.

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Abstract

一种任意关系的二阶子问题逆运动学求解方法,属于机器人逆运动学领域,涉及二阶子问题RR的逆解方法,该方法在指数积模型的基础上,利用旋量理论的基本性质和Rodrigues旋转矩阵表达,将几何方法与代数方法结合起来给出一种通用的关节角求解公式,不需要考虑关节轴线之间的关系,无论是相交、平行、还是异面都可以利用这种方法直接求出。所述方法对机器人逆解的求解方法进行了拓展,扩大了适应范围,简化了求解过程,为机器人在实际的开发和应用中提供了方便。

Description

一种任意关系的二阶子问题逆运动学求解方法 技术领域
本发明属于机器人逆运动学领域,具体涉及一种任意关系的二阶子问题逆运动学求解方法。
背景技术
Paden-Kanhan子问题在机器人逆运动学应用非常广泛,因为它具有几何意义和数值稳定性,能够灵活的为多种机器人提供封闭解。Paden-Kanhan子问题主要分为三类:一阶子问题,二阶子问题,三阶子问题。其中一阶子问题是针对单关节的转动R或平移T运动的逆解问题;二阶子问题是针对两个关节逆解问题,包含了3种情况:RR,TT,RT/TR,其中RR又分为相交、平行、异面垂直等不同的类型;三阶子问题是针对三个关节的逆解问题,包含了6种情况。在实际中,由于加工、装配很多几何关系很难保证,比如:相交、平行,而且不同的结构需要选择不同的公式,这为实际应用带来很多不便。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述技术问题,本发明提出了一种任意关系的二阶子问题逆运动学求解方法,设计合理,克服了现有技术的不足,具有良好的效果。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种任意关系的二阶子问题逆运动学求解方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:求θ 1
二阶子问题RR可用公式表示为
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000001
其中,
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000002
是p,q的齐次坐标,
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000003
由第i关节轴的轴方向向量ω i和轴上一点r i组成,这些参数均已知。根据旋量理论的距离相等原则可知:
||c-r 2||=||p-r 2||      (5);
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000004
带入上式,并利用
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000005
的Rodrigues旋转公式将其化简成关于θ 1的三角函数方程:
x 1sinθ 1+y 1cosθ 1=z 1      (9);
其中x 1,y 1,
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000006
为已知参数,从上式可解得θ 1的表达式:
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000007
上式中需要通过调整r 1和r 2来保证
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000008
步骤2:求θ 2
根据已知的θ 1可得c的值,而c还可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000010
的Rodrigues旋转公式带入上式整理可得:
x 2sinθ 2+y 2cosθ 2=z 2      (14);
其中x 2,y 2,
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000011
均为已知参数,从上式中可解的θ 2的表达式:
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000012
θ 2角度的具体象限由
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000014
的符号决定,需注意的是当相邻两关节相交的时候,两关节轴上的点r 1和r 2,必须满足r 1≠r 2≠r 0,其中r 0是两条轴线的交点。
本发明所带来的有益技术效果:
1、计算效率高,给出了关节角度的封闭解,可利反三角函数直接求出,具有很高的计算效率;2、实现简单,每个关节的表达形式非常简单易懂,只需求解一次反三角函数即可;3、应用范围广,可应用于任意2R机器人中,不需要考虑其轴线之间的几何关系。
附图说明
图1为任意关系的RR结构图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以及具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明:
一种任意关系的二阶子问题逆运动学求解方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:求θ 1
如图1所示,二阶子问题RR可用公式表示为
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000015
其中,
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000017
是空间点p和q的齐次坐标表示,且
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000018
点为初始点,绕轴ω 2转θ 2到点c,c点绕ω 1旋转θ 1到点q,
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000019
为运动旋量,由关节轴的单位方向向量
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000020
和轴上的任意一点
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000021
构成,
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000022
是刚体变换的指数表达,对于转动关节其表达式为:
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000023
其中,I 3×3为3×3的单位矩阵,
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000024
是旋转矩阵,可用Rodrigues表示为:
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000025
其中,
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000026
是单位方向向量ω=[ω xyz] T的反对称矩阵,可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000027
根据旋量理论的距离相等原则可知:
||c-r 2||=||p-r 2||      (5);
根据旋量理论的基本原理可知:
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000028
上述两式相减可得:
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000029
将指数积公式
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000030
的表达式(2)带入式(6)可得:
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000031
将公式(7)带入公式(5)可得:
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000032
再将
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000033
的Rodrigues表达(3)带入式(8),两边平方后,整理可得:
x 1sinθ 1+y 1cosθ 1=z 1   (9);
其中
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000034
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000035
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000036
设x 1=ρcosφ,y 1=ρsinφ,则
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000037
利用三角函数的积化和差公式,公式(9)可变为:
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000038
其中,
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000039
同理可以得到:
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000040
则关节角度θ 1可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000041
上式中需要通过调整r 1和r 2来保证
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000042
步骤2:求θ 2
将θ 1的值带入公式(7)中可得c的值,而c还可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000043
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000044
的Rodrigues表达(3)带入式(13),整理可得:
x 2sinθ 2+y 2cosθ 2=z 2      (14);
其中
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000045
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000046
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000047
由于
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000048
则在公式(14)两边分别同乘以
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000049
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000050
可得:
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000051
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000052
则θ 2可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000053
θ 2角度的具体象限由
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000054
Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-000055
的符号决定,需要注意的是当相邻两关节相交的时候,两关节轴上的点r 1和r 2,必须满足r 1≠r 2≠r 0,其中r 0是两条轴线的交点。
当然,上述说明并非是对本发明的限制,本发明也并不仅限于上述举例,本技术领域的技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的变化、改型、添加或替换,也应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种任意关系的二阶子问题逆运动学求解方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    步骤1:求θ 1
    二阶子问题RR可用公式表示为
    Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-100001
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-100002
    是p,q的齐次坐标,
    Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-100003
    由第i关节轴的轴方向向量ω i和轴上一点r i组成,这些参数均已知,根据旋量理论的距离相等原则可知:
    ||c-r 2||=||p-r 2||    (5);
    Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-100004
    带入上式,并利用
    Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-100005
    的Rodrigues旋转公式将其化简成关于θ 1的三角函数方程:
    x 1sinθ 1+y 1cosθ 1=z 1    (9);
    其中
    Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-100006
    为已知参数,从公式(9)可解得θ 1的表达式:
    Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-100007
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-100008
    步骤2:求θ 2
    根据已知的θ 1可得c的值,而c还可表示为:
    Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-100009
    Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-100010
    的Rodrigues旋转公式带入上式整理可得:
    x 2sinθ 2+y 2cosθ 2=z 2    (14);
    其中
    Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-100011
    均为已知参数,从公式(14)中可解的θ 2的表达式:
    Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-100012
    θ 2角度的具体象限由
    Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-100013
    Figure PCTCN2018078833-appb-100014
    的符号决定,当相邻两关节相交的时候,两关节轴上的点r 1和r 2,必须满足r 1≠r 2≠r 0,其中r 0是两条轴线的交点。
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