WO2018166383A1 - 一种糙米发芽机和糙米发芽方法 - Google Patents

一种糙米发芽机和糙米发芽方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018166383A1
WO2018166383A1 PCT/CN2018/078267 CN2018078267W WO2018166383A1 WO 2018166383 A1 WO2018166383 A1 WO 2018166383A1 CN 2018078267 W CN2018078267 W CN 2018078267W WO 2018166383 A1 WO2018166383 A1 WO 2018166383A1
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Prior art keywords
germination
brown rice
rice
tank
exhaust
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PCT/CN2018/078267
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘家齐
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刘家齐
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Publication of WO2018166383A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018166383A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
    • A01G31/04—Hydroponic culture on conveyors
    • A01G31/047—Hydroponic culture on conveyors with containers inside rotating drums or rotating around a horizontal axis, e.g. carousels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of grain processing, in particular to a brown rice germination machine and a brown rice germination method.
  • Rice is an indispensable staple food for human beings. Compared with polished rice, germinated brown rice retains most of the vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber in rice, and produces a rich ⁇ -aminobutyric acid after germination. The human body has a good health effect. Most of the germination methods of brown rice are soaked for several hours, then drained, ventilated, watered, heat-insulated, disinfected, etc. The problems are: 1. Water needs to be changed during germination, and manual intervention steps are more, which is very troublesome and inconvenient. 2, uneven germination, surface contact with air germination faster, internal brown rice germination slow; 3, disinfection is not done or the residue of disinfectant is not treated well; 4, germination time is too long (some take a few days) .
  • the equipment currently used for germination of brown rice adopts a generally closed cavity structure for humidification and heating, and then uses an external oxygen supply device or natural ventilation to achieve oxygen supply, and the contact between brown rice and oxygen and moisture is uneven, so There is a defect that the efficiency of germination of brown rice and the quality of germination are not high.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a brown rice germination machine to solve the problems of the above-mentioned conventional brown rice germination machine.
  • the specific technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:
  • a brown rice germination machine which may include a water tank, a heater, a temperature sensor, an atomizer, a blower, an ozone generator, a first valve, a second valve, a first intake pipe, a second intake pipe, a germination tank, and a row Gas installations, drains, power modules and control systems.
  • the heater and the temperature sensor are installed in a water tank or a germination tank for maintaining the germination tank at a desired temperature
  • the atomizer is for atomizing water in the water tank
  • the air blower is used for Air and atomized water vapor are delivered to the germination tank through the first intake pipe
  • the ozone generator is in fluid communication with the germination tank through the second intake pipe
  • the first valve is installed at the first On the intake pipe
  • the second valve is mounted on the second intake pipe
  • the germination tank has a rice container structure capable of sufficiently uniformly contacting the brown rice with water vapor and air, and is provided with an exhaust port and a bottom portion.
  • the exhaust port being in communication with the exhaust device, wherein the exhaust device is equipped with an ozone treatment device, the drain port is connected to the drain pipe, the control system and the heater,
  • the temperature sensor, the atomizer, the air blower, the ozone generator, the first valve, the second valve, the motor, the exhaust device, and the power module are electrically connected.
  • the structure of the rice container of the germination box is a drum type rice container structure.
  • the germination box comprises a box having a closable lid, a horizontally placed cylindrical rice cage rotatably disposed in the box body, extending through the cylindrical shape along a central axis of the cylindrical rice cage a hollow shaft at both ends of the rice cage and a driving device for driving the rotation of the cylindrical rice cage, the cylindrical rice cage can be taken out from the tank and have a gas permeable wall and a switchable opening, including a cylindrical driving end And a cylindrical or multi-faceted cylindrical body, one end of the hollow shaft is in fluid communication with the first intake pipe and the second intake pipe, and the other end is closed, and a plurality of vent holes are disposed on the shaft wall.
  • the rotating mechanism of the cylindrical rice cage is specifically: the first intake pipe and the second intake pipe are assembled into an intake manifold, and the portion of the intake manifold in the casing is fixedly disposed a bearing, the one end of the hollow shaft is detachably sleeved on the outer ring of the first bearing, and the other end of the box opposite to the intake manifold is fixedly provided with a support frame, the support frame has an arc a second portion for receiving a second bearing fixed to the other end of the hollow shaft, the first bearing and the support frame are each provided with a protrusion to prevent the cylindrical rice cage from slipping when rotating,
  • the cylindrical driving end outer surface is provided with teeth
  • the driving device may include a motor, a rotating shaft drivingly coupled to the motor, and a gear fixed on the rotating shaft, the gear and the cylindrical driving end The teeth on the outer surface mesh.
  • the motor is mountable outside the germination tank.
  • the first bearing and the second bearing are both waterproof bearings.
  • the rice container structure of the germination box is a layered rice container structure.
  • the germination box comprises a box having a slidable lid and a plurality of layers that are disposed on each other and disposed in the box
  • the rice tray has a gas permeable bottom and an airtight outer wall, and the outer edges of the adjacent two layers of rice trays mesh with each other.
  • the germination box is a vertically placed cylindrical shape, including a box having a smashable lid and being disposed in the box a layered cylindrical rice cage in the body, the layered cylindrical rice cage being removable from the tank and comprising alternating layers of brown rice and a venting layer, the inlet manifold and the germination tank The upper portion is in communication and is in fluid communication with the brown rice layer and the venting layer.
  • the specific arrangement of the brown rice layer and the venting layer of the cylindrical rice cage is such that the innermost cylinder has a gas-tight bottom and a gas permeable wall as the venting layer; the outermost cylinder has no The ventilating cylinder bottom and the non-breathable outer cylinder wall serve as the venting layer; the middle brown rice layer has a ventilating cylinder bottom and a venting cylinder wall; and the middle venting layer has a non-breathable cylinder bottom and a venting cylinder wall.
  • the exhaust device includes an exhaust fan, a first exhaust pipe, a second exhaust pipe, a two-position three-way solenoid valve, and an exhaust manifold; the first exhaust pipe and the second exhaust The tubes are connected in parallel, one end is connected to the exhaust port of the germination box, and the other end is respectively connected to the two inlets of the two-position three-way solenoid valve; one end of the exhaust manifold is connected with the outlet of the two-position three-way solenoid valve The other end is connected to the outside; the first exhaust pipe is provided with an exhaust fan, the second exhaust pipe is provided with the ozone treatment device; the exhaust fan and the two-position three-way electromagnetic
  • the switch of the valve is controlled by the control system; the drain has a concave section in which water accumulates to prevent ozone from escaping from the drain.
  • the water tank further includes a water shutoff protector electrically connected to the control system.
  • the water shutoff protector is a float switch.
  • first valve and the second valve are both one-way valves.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for germination of brown rice to solve the problems of the above-mentioned conventional brown rice germination method.
  • a method for germination of brown rice which may include the steps of:
  • step S5 After the predetermined time is continued in step S3, the atomization humidification is stopped and the ozone is disinfected, the ozone is introduced into the germination tank, and the brown rice is disinfected, and the ozone treatment device is activated to treat the gas leaving the germination box and then discharged to the gas. external;
  • step S6 After the predetermined time is continued in step S5, the ozone sterilization is stopped and the atomization humidification is performed again, and the ozone treatment device is stopped;
  • Steps S5 and S6 are alternated until the brown rice is germinated.
  • the tumbler type rice container should be intermittently rotated in the late stage of brown rice germination to avoid damage to the bud embryo.
  • the invention adopts the above technical solution, and has the beneficial effects of:
  • the air intake device and the exhaust device, the air is more smooth and fresher, and the accumulated water is discharged in time to avoid bacterial growth;
  • the water vapor continuously sent by the atomizer provides the water needed for germination, eliminating the trouble of immersing and changing water;
  • the discharged gas no longer contains ozone to eliminate the adverse effects on the external environment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a brown rice germination machine of the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows a front view of a germination tank in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the germination box taken along line A-A of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 shows an enlarged view of B in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 shows a front view of a germination tank in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 shows a plan view of the germination tank shown in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 shows a front view of a germination tank in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 shows a plan view of the germination tank shown in Fig. 7.
  • the inventors have found through experiments that since the humidified water is not discharged to the outside in time, the added water (usually tap water) and the harmful microorganisms in the brown rice are easily propagated in a high-humidity environment, thereby affecting the efficiency and germination of brown rice germination. Quality (even mildew). Therefore, the inventors have made a lot of intensive research to propose the brown rice germination machine of the present invention, by continuously supplying fresh water vapor and air and discharging the condensed water in the germination tank to the outside in time, and cooperating to make the brown rice more fully and uniformly contact with water vapor and oxygen.
  • the germination box structure, and then assisted in the ozone disinfection, can fundamentally solve the problems mentioned in the background art, greatly improve the efficiency of germination of brown rice and the quality of germination.
  • the brown rice germination machine may include a water tank 1, a heater (not shown), a temperature sensor (not shown), an atomizer (not shown), a blower (not shown), an ozone generator 2, a first valve 3.
  • Second valve 4 first intake pipe 5, second intake pipe 6, intake manifold 7, germination tank 8, exhaust device 9, drain pipe 10, power supply module (not shown), and control system (not shown) Out).
  • the heater and the temperature sensor can be installed in the water tank 1 or the germination tank 8 for maintaining the germination tank 8 at a desired temperature under the control of the control system, generally 30-35 °C. That is, the control system starts and stops the heater according to the signal sent from the temperature sensor, thereby maintaining the germination tank 8 at a suitable temperature required for the brown rice to germinate, which is advantageous for shortening the time required for the brown rice to germinate.
  • the atomizer is used to atomize the water in the water tank.
  • the atomizer is an ultrasonic atomizer.
  • the air blower may be installed at a connection between the first intake pipe 5 and the atomizer for conveying air and atomized water vapor through the first intake pipe 5 and the intake manifold 7 to the germination tank 8 to provide the germination tank
  • the brown rice (not shown) in 8 is oxygen and moisture required for germination.
  • the blower is a small fan to facilitate integration of the entire machine.
  • the ozone generator 2 communicates with the germination tank 8 through the second intake pipe 6 and the intake manifold 7 for generating ozone to sterilize the brown rice in the germination tank 8.
  • the first intake pipe 5 and the second intake pipe 6 are both connected to the intake manifold 7, that is, the first intake pipe 5 and the second intake pipe 6 are assembled into the intake manifold 7.
  • the intake manifold 7 may be omitted, i.e., the first intake conduit 5 and the second intake conduit 6 are in direct fluid communication with the germinating tank 8.
  • the first valve 3 is mounted on the first intake pipe 5 for preventing ozone from entering the water tank 1 and the atomizer through the first intake pipe 5 during ozone sterilization.
  • the second valve 4 is mounted on the second intake pipe 6 for preventing water vapor from flowing back into the ozone generator 2 when humidified.
  • the first valve 3 and the second valve 4 are both one-way valves to reduce production costs.
  • the germination tank 8 may include a tank 81 having a slidable lid (not shown), a cylindrical rice cage 82 rotatably disposed within the tank 81, extending through a central axis of the cylindrical rice cage 82.
  • the wall of the cylindrical rice cage 82 is breathable, preferably a grid-like wall.
  • the cylindrical rice cage 82 is designed to be removed from the casing 81 and has a switchable opening (not shown) that can be opened when the brown rice is loaded and unloaded, and closed during operation.
  • the cylindrical rice cage 82 includes a cylindrical drive end 821 and a cylindrical shape (as shown in Figures 1-4) or a multi-faceted cylindrical (preferably, octahedral) shaped body 822.
  • a cylindrical shape as shown in Figures 1-4
  • a multi-faceted cylindrical preferably, octahedral
  • the outer diameter of the cylindrical drive end 821 is equal to the inscribed circle diameter of the multi-faceted cylinder.
  • the rotating mechanism of the cylindrical rice cage 82 is specifically such that the end of the portion of the intake manifold 7 in the housing 81 is fixedly provided with a first bearing 85, and one end of the hollow shaft 83 is detachably sleeved
  • the outer circumference of the first bearing 85 that is, the inner diameter of the hollow shaft 83 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the first bearing 85.
  • the other end of the casing 81 opposite to the intake manifold 7 is fixedly provided with a support frame 88 having an arc portion (not shown) for receiving a second bearing 86 fixed to the other end of the hollow shaft 83.
  • the portion of the support frame adjacent to the wall of the tank is provided with a projection 881 to form a restricting portion to prevent the hollow shaft 83 from slipping out of the first bearing 85 when the cylindrical rice cage 82 is rotated.
  • the outer ring of the first bearing 85 is provided with a projection 851 to form another restricting portion to prevent the second bearing 86 from slipping out of the support frame 88 when the cylindrical rice cage 82 is rotated.
  • the first bearing 85 and the second bearing 86 are both waterproof bearings.
  • the cylindrical driving end portion 821 is provided with teeth (not shown), and the driving device 84 may include a motor 841, a rotating shaft 842 drivingly coupled to the motor 841, and a gear 843 fixed to the rotating shaft 842, the gear 843 and the cylindrical driving The teeth on the outer surface of the end engage to drive the cylindrical rice cage 82 to rotate by the motor 841.
  • the motor 841 can be mounted outside the germination box 8 to reduce the waterproofing requirements of the motor and to avoid the space occupied by the germination box.
  • the gear 843 is a shifting gear.
  • the free end of the hollow shaft 83 (i.e., the end to which the second bearing 86 is fixed) is closed and a plurality of vent holes are provided in the shaft wall in the cylindrical rice cage 82.
  • the above shows only one form of the rotatable cylindrical rice cage 82 of the germination tank 8, but the germination tank 8 can also adopt other forms of the drum type rice container structure.
  • the casing 81 is further provided with an exhaust port 811 and a drain port 812 at the bottom, the exhaust port 811 is in communication with the exhaust device 9, and the ozone treatment device 100 is disposed in the exhaust device 9 to be included in the gas discharged from the germinating tank. The ozone is treated and then discharged to the outside.
  • the drain port 812 is connected to the drain pipe 10 to discharge the accumulated water in the germination tank to the outside.
  • the outlet of the venting device 9 is shared with the outlet of the drain 10, but they may also have respective outlets.
  • the control system is electrically connected to the heater, the temperature sensor, the atomizer, the air blower, the ozone generator, the first valve, the second valve, the motor, the exhaust device, and the power module, and is configured to heat according to a predetermined program
  • the switch of the atomizer, the atomizer, the air blower, the ozone generator, the first valve, the second valve, the motor, and the exhaust device are controlled.
  • the control system may employ a microcontroller-based control system well known to those skilled in the art, the specific structure of which is not further described herein.
  • the exhaust device 9 may include an exhaust fan 91, a first exhaust pipe 92, a second exhaust pipe 93, a two-position three-way solenoid valve 94, and an exhaust manifold 95.
  • the first exhaust pipe 92 and the second exhaust pipe 93 are connected in parallel, one end is connected to the exhaust port 811 of the germination box, and the other end is connected to the two inlets 94A and 94B of the two-position three-way solenoid valve 94, respectively, and the exhaust manifold One end of 95 is connected to the outlet 94C of the two-position three-way solenoid valve 94, and the other end is connected to the outside.
  • An exhaust fan 91 is disposed on the first exhaust pipe 92 to accelerate the air circulation speed in the germinating box.
  • the second exhaust pipe 93 is provided with an ozone treatment device 100 for treating the ozone contained in the gas discharged from the germination tank and then discharging it to the outside, thereby preventing the direct discharge of ozone from causing damage to the human body and the environment.
  • the ozone treatment apparatus 100 is a section of a tube containing an ozonolysis catalyst or an adsorbent material such as activated carbon.
  • the ozone treatment device 100 may also be a high temperature thermal decomposition ozone device or an electromagnetic wave radiation decomposition ozone device.
  • the switches of the exhaust fan 91 and the two-position three-way solenoid valve 94 are controlled by the control system.
  • the two-position three-way solenoid valve 94 is not energized, the inlet 94A is in communication with the outlet 94C, and the inlet 94B is closed;
  • the ozone treatment device 100 works, two three The solenoid valve 94 is energized, the inlet 94B is in communication with the outlet 94C, and the inlet 94A is closed.
  • the drain pipe 10 has a concave section 101 in which water accumulated prevents ozone from escaping from the drain pipe 10 during ozone sterilization.
  • a switch 102 is provided at the bottom of the concave section 101, and when the brown rice germination machine is not used for a long time, the accumulated water can be discharged through the switch 102.
  • the water tank 1 may further include a water shutoff protector (not shown) electrically connected to the control system to turn off the brown rice germination machine in the absence of water in the water tank 1.
  • a water shutoff protector is a float switch.
  • air and atomized water vapor or ozone enters the hollow shaft 83 through the intake manifold 7. Since the other end of the hollow shaft 83 is closed, air and water vapor or ozone are radially directed into the rice cage 82 through the venting holes of the hollow shaft 83. The brown rice is diffused and then permeable through the mesh hole of the rice cage 82.
  • the condensed water can be discharged by the drain port 812, and the gas is discharged from the exhaust port 811 through the exhaust device 9 (ozone sterilization, exhaust fan) 91 does not work, and the ozone-containing gas is discharged by the ozone treatment device 100 in cooperation with the two-position three-way solenoid valve 94.
  • the motor 841 drives the rice cage 82 to rotate slowly through the gear 843, the brown rice is more fully and evenly contacted with water, air and ozone, so that the germination rate is higher, the germination speed is more balanced, and the effect of sterilization and odor removal is more.
  • the atomizer works to supply water vapor for 5-10 minutes every 3-4 hours for ozone disinfection. After 20-24 hours, the water can be absorbed, germinated and sterilized.
  • the Shengmi cage 82 should stop for a while after every few turns.
  • the germination box 8 includes a box body 81 having a slidable lid, an exhaust port 811 and a drain port 812 provided at the bottom of the box body, and a plurality of layers that are disposed in the box body 81 and can be stacked on each other.
  • Rice plate 82 The rice pan 82 has a gas permeable bottom and an air impermeable outer wall, and the outer walls of the two rice pans mesh with each other.
  • the germination tank 8 is a cylindrical body, but it may also be a rectangular parallelepiped or a cube.
  • the rice tray 82 can be placed in the box 81 by means of a vertical slot, and the bottom layer of the rice tray 82 is spaced 2-3 cm from the bottom of the box.
  • each layer of rice tray is 3 cm high, the bottom is a gas permeable mesh, and the outer wall is airtight.
  • the outer wall of the rice pan and the layer is engaged by the inner and outer diameters, and the meshing portion can be closed and airtight when passing through the water vapor.
  • air and atomized water vapor or ozone enters from above the germination tank 8 through the intake manifold 7, and diffuses and infiltrates downward from the upper rice tray 82, and the gas is discharged from the bottom of the germination tank by the exhaust fan 91.
  • the gas port 811 is discharged, and the condensed water is discharged from the bottom drain port 812 (when the ozone is sterilized, the exhaust fan does not work, and the ozone-containing gas is treated by the ozone treatment device 100 in cooperation with the two-position three-way solenoid valve 94, and then discharged.
  • the atomizer works to supply water vapor every 5 to 4 minutes to stop for 10-10 minutes for ozone disinfection, and the water absorption, germination and sterilization of brown rice can be completed after 20-24 hours.
  • the thickness of brown rice in each layer of rice tray should not exceed 1 cm, otherwise the brown rice in the middle part will sprout slowly and the whole germination will be uneven.
  • the germination tank 8 is a vertically placed cylindrical shape, and includes a tank 81 having a sill lid, an exhaust port 811 and a drain 812 provided at the bottom of the tank, and a cylindrical rice cage 82.
  • the cylindrical rice cage 82 can be taken out from the casing 81 and includes alternately spaced brown rice layers 823 and aeration layer 824.
  • the inlet manifold 7 communicates with the upper portion of the germinating tank 8, and further with the brown rice layer 823 and the aeration layer.
  • the specific arrangement of the cylindrical rice cage 82 is such that the innermost cylinder has a gas-tight bottom and a venting wall as the venting layer 824; the outermost cylinder has an air-tight bottom and an air-tight outer wall as The venting layer 824; the intermediate brown rice layer 823 has a venting bottom and a venting wall; the intermediate venting layer 824 has a non-permeable bottom and a venting wall.
  • the venting layer 824 is provided with a detachable cover plate (not shown) for attaching the cover plate when the brown rice is installed, thereby preventing the brown rice from entering the venting layer, and the cover plate needs to be removed after the brown rice is installed.
  • the center of the cylindrical rice cage is a cylinder having a diameter of 1 cm and a bottom portion which is gas-tight and permeable to the wall, and is further provided with diameters of 3 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm, 9 cm, and 10, respectively.
  • the cylinder of the cylinder is a gas permeable cylinder, and the outermost layer is a gas-tight cylinder.
  • the partitions are 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm, 1.0 cm, and 0.5 cm apart from the inside to the outside.
  • air and atomized water vapor or ozone enters from above the germination tank 8 through the intake manifold 7, diffuses into the brown rice layer through the ventilating partition, and then oozes out from the bottom mesh of the brown rice layer, and the gas is discharged at the bottom of the germination tank.
  • the air fan is discharged by the exhaust port 811, and the condensed water is discharged by the bottom drain port 812 (the exhaust fan 91 does not work when the ozone is sterilized, and the ozone-containing gas passes through the ozone in cooperation with the two-position three-way solenoid valve 94.
  • the atomizer works to supply water vapor every 3-4 hours, and the ozone is disinfected by stopping for 5-10 minutes, and the water absorption, germination and sterilization of the brown rice can be completed after 20-24 hours.
  • a method of germination of brown rice is described below.
  • the method can include the following steps:
  • the temperature in the germination tank is maintained at a temperature required for germination of the brown rice, for example, 30-35 ° C, that is, when the temperature in the germination tank drops below 30 ° C, the heater is started to be heated until it reaches 35 ° C;
  • step S5 After the predetermined time (for example, 3-4 hours) is continued in step S3, the atomization humidification is stopped and ozone sterilization is performed, ozone is introduced into the germination tank, and then the brown rice is disinfected, and the ozone treatment device is activated to leave the germination tank. The gas is treated and discharged to the outside;
  • the predetermined time for example, 3-4 hours
  • step S6 After the predetermined time (for example, 5-10 minutes) is continued in step S5, ozone sterilization is stopped and atomization humidification is performed again, and the ozone treatment device is deactivated;
  • Steps S5 and S6 are alternated until the brown rice is germinated.
  • the method further comprises the step of intermittently rotating the cylindrical rice cage in the late stage of brown rice germination when the brown rice germination machine is the brown rice germination machine described in the first embodiment, which can prevent the germination of the brown rice from being damaged.

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Abstract

一种糙米发芽机，包括水箱（1）、加热器、温度传感器、雾化器、送风器、臭氧发生器（2）、第一阀门（3）、第二阀门（4）、第一进气管（5）、第二进气管（6）、发芽箱（8）、排气装置（9）、排水管（10）、电源模块和控制系统。送风器用于将空气和雾化器产生的水汽送到发芽箱，臭氧发生器用于将臭氧送至发芽箱，发芽箱具有能使糙米与水汽和空气充分均匀接触的盛米容器结构，并设有排气装置连通的排气口和位于底部的排水口，控制系统与加热器、温度传感器、雾化器、送风器、臭氧发生器、第一阀门、第二阀门、电机、排气装置和电源模块电连接。操作简单，用户只需在水箱中加满水，装好淘洗糙米，开机20‑24小时后就可得到食用安全的发芽糙米。还涉及一种糙米发芽方法。

Description

一种糙米发芽机和糙米发芽方法 技术领域
本发明属于粮食加工技术领域，尤其是涉及一种糙米发芽机和糙米发芽方法。
背景技术
大米是人类不可或缺的主食，发芽糙米与精白米相比，保留了大米中绝大部分的维生素、矿物质、膳食纤维，并且发芽后产生了丰富的γ-氨基丁酸，食用发芽糙米对人体有很好的保健作用。糙米的发芽方法大多采用浸泡数小时，再沥干、通气、浇水、保温、消毒等，存在的问题是：1，发芽过程中需换水，人工干预步骤较多，显得很麻烦很不方便；2，发芽不均匀，接触空气的表层发芽较快，内部糙米发芽慢；3，消毒没做好或消毒剂的残留没处理好；4，发芽时间太长(有的需耗时几天)。
此外，目前应用于糙米发芽的设备均是采用大体封闭的腔体结构，进行加湿和加温，然后采用外接供氧装置或自然通气实现供氧，并且糙米与氧气和水分的接触不均匀，因此存在糙米发芽的效率和发芽质量均不高的缺陷。
发明内容
本发明目的之一在于提供一种糙米发芽机以解决上述现有糙米发芽机存在的问题。为此，本发明采用的具体技术方案如下：
一种糙米发芽机，可包括水箱、加热器、温度传感器、雾化器、送风器、臭氧发生器、第一阀门、第二阀门、第一进气管、第二进气管、发芽箱、排气装置、排水管、电源模块和控制系统。其中，加热器和温度传感器安装在水箱 或发芽箱中，用于将所述发芽箱保持在所需温度，所述雾化器用于将所述水箱中的水雾化，所述送风器用于将空气和雾化的水汽通过所述第一进气管输送到发芽箱，所述臭氧发生器通过所述第二进气管与所述发芽箱流体连通，所述第一阀门安装在所述第一进气管上，所述第二阀门安装在所述第二进气管上，所述发芽箱具有能使糙米与水汽和空气充分均匀接触的盛米容器结构，并设有排气口和位于底部的排水口，所述排气口与所述排气装置连通，所述排气装置中安装有臭氧处理装置，所述排水口与所述排水管连接，所述控制系统与所述的加热器、温度传感器、雾化器、送风器、臭氧发生器、第一阀门、第二阀门、电机、排气装置和电源模块电连接。
进一步的，所述发芽箱的盛米容器结构为转筒式盛米容器结构。
更进一步的，所述发芽箱包括具有可掀箱盖的箱体、可旋转地设置在箱体内的水平放置的筒形盛米笼、沿筒形盛米笼的中心轴线延伸穿过筒形盛米笼两端的中空轴以及驱动所述筒形盛米笼旋转的驱动装置，所述筒形盛米笼能从所述箱体取出并具有透气筒壁和可开关开口，包括圆筒形驱动端部和圆筒形或多面柱体状主体，所述中空轴的一端与所述第一进气管和所述第二进气管流体连通，另一端封闭，轴壁上设置有多个通气孔。优选地，所述筒形盛米笼的转动机构具体为：所述第一进气管和所述第二进气管汇集成进气总管，所述进气总管在箱体中的部分固定设置有第一轴承，所述中空轴的一端可拆卸地套接在所述第一轴承的外圈，所述箱体与所述进气总管相对的另一端固定设置有支撑架，所述支撑架具有弧形部，用于接纳固定在所述中空轴的另一端上的第二轴承，所述第一轴承和所述支撑架均设有凸起，以防止所述筒形盛米笼旋转时滑落，所述圆筒形驱动端部外表面设置有齿，所述驱动装置可包括电机、与所述电机驱动连接的转轴以及固定在转轴上的齿轮，所述齿轮与所述圆筒形驱动端部外 表面上的齿啮合。优选地，所述电机可安装在所述发芽箱外。优选地，所述第一轴承和所述第二轴承均为防水轴承。
进一步的，所述发芽箱的盛米容器结构为分层的盛米容器结构。
在所述发芽箱的盛米容器结构为分层的盛米容器结构的一实施例中，所述发芽箱包括具有可掀箱盖的箱体以及设置在箱体内的可相互叠置的多层盛米盘，所述盛米盘具有透气底部和不透气外沿壁，相邻两层盛米盘的外沿壁彼此啮合。
在所述发芽箱的盛米容器结构为分层的盛米容器结构的另一实施例中，所述发芽箱为垂直放置的圆筒形，包括具有可掀箱盖的箱体以及设置在箱体内的分层圆筒形盛米笼，所述分层圆筒形盛米笼能从所述箱体取出并包括交替间隔开的糙米层和通气层，所述进气总管与所述发芽箱的上部连通，进而与所述糙米层和通气层流体连通。优选地，所述圆筒形盛米笼的糙米层和通气层的具体布置为：最内层圆筒具有不透气筒底和透气筒壁，作为所述通气层；最外层圆筒具有不透气筒底和不透气外筒壁，作为所述通气层；中间的糙米层具有透气筒底和透气筒壁；中间的通气层具有不透气筒底和透气筒壁。
进一步的，所述排气装置包括排气扇、第一排气管、第二排气管、二位三通电磁阀和排气总管；所述第一排气管和所述第二排气管并联，一端与所述发芽箱的排气口连通，另一端分别连接所述二位三通电磁阀的两个进口；所述排气总管一端与所述二位三通电磁阀的出口连通，另一端与外部连通；所述第一排气管上设置有排气扇，所述第二排气管上设置有所述臭氧处理装置；所述排气扇和所述二位三通电磁阀的开关由所述控制系统控制；所述排水管具有一凹形段，里面的积水可以防止臭氧从所述排水管逸出。
进一步的，所述水箱还包括断水保护器，其与所述控制系统电连接。优选 地，所述断水保护器为浮子开关。
进一步的，所述第一阀门和所述第二阀门均为单向阀。
本发明目的之二在于提供一种糙米发芽方法以解决上述现有糙米发芽方法存在的问题。
一种糙米发芽方法，可包括步骤：
S1.提供一种如上所述的糙米发芽机；
S2.将淘洗好的糙米装到发芽箱中并将水箱加满水；
S3.雾化加湿，将水箱中雾化的水汽引到发芽箱中以提供糙米发芽所需的水分和空气；
S4.将发芽箱内温度维持在糙米发芽所需的温度；
S5.在步骤S3持续预定时间后，停止雾化加湿并进行臭氧消毒，将臭氧引入发芽箱中，进而对糙米进行消毒，同时启用臭氧处理装置对从发芽箱离开的气体进行处理后再排放至外部；
S6.在步骤S5持续预定时间后，停止臭氧消毒并再次进行雾化加湿，同时停用臭氧处理装置；
S7.步骤S5和S6交替进行，直至糙米发芽完成。
进一步的，当采用转筒式盛米容器结构时，在糙米发芽后期该转筒式盛米容器要间歇式转动，避免损伤芽胚。
本发明采用上述技术方案，具有的有益效果是：
1、通过进气装置和排气装置的组合使用，使空气更通畅、更新鲜，并且及时将积水排出，避免细菌滋生；
2、通过加热器和温度传感器，解决了适宜温度的问题，进而缩短了糙米发 芽时间；
3、雾化器持续送出的水汽提供了发芽所需的水份，免去了浸泡换水的麻烦；
4、采用装米笼滚动或薄层装米，使糙米接触空气更充分，发芽更均匀；
5、在发芽中滋生的细菌通过臭氧进行有效的灭杀，并且去除了异味，满足了食用安全；
6、通过臭氧处理装置，使排出的气体中不再含有臭氧，以消除对外界环境的不利影响。
7、操作简单方便，用户只需在水箱中加满水，装好淘洗糙米，接通电源，等候20-24小时，就可得到食用安全的发芽糙米。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明的糙米发芽机的整体结构示意图；
图2示出了根据本发明第一实施例的发芽箱的前视图；
图3示出了沿图2的A-A线截取的发芽箱的剖视图；
图4示出了图3中B处的放大图；
图5示出了根据本发明第二实施例的发芽箱的前视图；
图6示出了图5所示的发芽箱的俯视图；
图7示出了根据本发明第三实施例的发芽箱的前视图；
图8示出了图7所示的发芽箱的俯视图。
具体实施方式
为进一步说明各实施例，本发明提供有附图。这些附图为本发明揭露内容的一部分，其主要用以说明实施例，并可配合说明书的相关描述来解释实施例的运作原理。配合参考这些内容，本领域普通技术人员应能理解其他可能的实施方式以及本发明的优点。图中的组件并未按比例绘制，而类似的组件符号通常用来表示类似的组件。
现结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进一步说明。
发明人经过实验发现，由于加湿的水没有及时排至外部，而添加的水(一般是自来水)和糙米中的有害微生物容易在高湿的环境中大量繁殖滋生，从而影响糙米发芽的效率和发芽质量(甚至霉变)。因此，发明人经过大量锐意研究提出本发明的糙米发芽机，通过持续供应新鲜的水汽和空气并且及时将发芽箱中凝结的水排至外部，并配合能使糙米与水汽和氧气更充分均匀接触的发芽箱结构，再辅助通入臭氧进行消毒，从而可以从根本上解决背景技术所言的问题，大大提高糙米发芽的效率和发芽质量。
结合图1-4，描述本发明的第一实施例的糙米发芽机。糙米发芽机可包括水箱1、加热器(未示出)、温度传感器(未示出)、雾化器(未示出)、送风器(未示出)、臭氧发生器2、第一阀门3、第二阀门4、第一进气管5、第二进气管6、进气总管7、发芽箱8、排气装置9、排水管10、电源模块(未示出)和控制系统(未示出)。其中，加热器和温度传感器可以安装在水箱1或发芽箱8中，用于在控制系统的控制下将发芽箱8保持在所需温度，一般是30-35℃。即控制系统根据温度传感器送出的信号来启动和停止加热器，从而将发芽箱8保持在糙米发芽所需的适宜温度，这有利于缩短糙米发芽所需的时间。
雾化器用于将水箱中的水雾化，优选地，雾化器选用超声波雾化器。送风器可以安装在第一进气管5与雾化器的连接处，用于将空气和雾化的水汽通过 第一进气管5和进气总管7输送到发芽箱8，以提供给发芽箱8中的糙米(未示出)发芽所需的氧气和水分。优选地，送风器为小型风扇，以便于整机集成。臭氧发生器2通过第二进气管6和进气总管7与发芽箱8连通，用于产生臭氧以对发芽箱8中的糙米进行消毒。第一进气管5和第二进气管6均连接至进气总管7，即第一进气管5和第二进气管6汇集成进气总管7。但在其它实施例中，进气总管7可省略，即第一进气管5和第二进气管6直接与发芽箱8流体连通。第一阀门3安装在第一进气管5上，用于防止臭氧消毒时臭氧通过第一进气管5进入水箱1和雾化器。第二阀门4安装在第二进气管6上，用于防止加湿时水汽倒流进入臭氧发生器2。优选地，第一阀门3和第二阀门4均为单向阀门，以降低生产成本。
发芽箱8可包括具有可掀箱盖(未示出)的箱体81、可旋转地设置在箱体81内的筒形盛米笼82、沿筒形盛米笼82的中心轴线延伸穿过筒形盛米笼82两端的中空轴83以及驱动筒形盛米笼82旋转的驱动装置84。筒形盛米笼82的筒壁是可透气的，优选地为网格状筒壁。筒形盛米笼82设计成可从箱体81取出并具有可开关开口(未示出)，在装入和取出糙米时可打开，工作时关闭。筒形盛米笼82包括圆筒形驱动端部821和圆筒形(如图1-4所示)或多面柱体(优选地，八面柱体)状主体822。优选地，当主体822为多面柱体时，圆筒形驱动端部821的外径等于该多面柱体的内切圆直径。在所示实施例中，筒形盛米笼82的转动机构具体为：进气总管7在箱体81中的部分的末端固定设置有第一轴承85，中空轴83的一端可拆卸地套接在第一轴承85的外圈，即，中空轴83的内径稍大于第一轴承85的外径。箱体81与进气总管7相对的另一端固定设置有支撑架88，该支撑架具有弧形部(未示出)，用于接纳固定在中空轴83的另一端上的第二轴承86。支撑架靠近箱壁的部分设置有凸起881，形成一限制部， 以防止筒形盛米笼82转动时中空轴83从第一轴承85滑出。并且，第一轴承85的外圈上设置有凸起851，形成另一限制部，以防止筒形盛米笼82转动时第二轴承86从支撑架88滑出。优选地，第一轴承85和第二轴承86均为防水轴承。圆筒形驱动端部821上设置有齿(未示出)，驱动装置84可包括电机841、与电机841驱动连接的转轴842以及固定在转轴842上的齿轮843，齿轮843与圆筒形驱动端部外表面上的齿啮合，以通过电机841带动筒形盛米笼82转动。优选地，电机841可安装在发芽箱8外，以降低电机的防水要求和避免占用发芽箱的空间。优选地，齿轮843为变速齿轮。中空轴83的自由端(即，固定有第二轴承86的一端)封闭并且在圆筒形盛米笼82内的轴壁上设置很多透气孔。以上仅示出发芽箱8的可旋转的筒形盛米笼82的一种形式，但发芽箱8还可以采用其它形式的转筒式盛米容器结构。箱体81还设有排气口811和位于底部的排水口812，排气口811与排气装置9连通，排气装置9中设置臭氧处理装置100，以对发芽箱排出的气体中所包含的臭氧进行处理后再排至外部。排水口812与排水管10连接，以将发芽箱内的积水排至外部。在图1中，排气装置9的出口与排水管10的出口共用，但它们也可以有各自出口。
控制系统与所述的加热器、温度传感器、雾化器、送风器、臭氧发生器、第一阀门、第二阀门、电机、排气装置和电源模块电连接，用于根据预定程序对加热器、雾化器、送风器、臭氧发生器、第一阀门、第二阀门、电机、排气装置的开关进行控制。控制系统可采用本领域技术人员所熟知的基于单片机的控制系统，其具体结构在此不再进一步描述。
此外，排气装置9可包括排气扇91、第一排气管92、第二排气管93、二位三通电磁阀94和排气总管95。其中，第一排气管92和第二排气管93并联，一端与发芽箱的排气口811连通，另一端分别连接二位三通电磁阀94的两个进口 94A和94B，排气总管95一端连接二位三通电磁阀94的出口94C，另一端与外部连通。排气扇91设置在第一排气管92上，以加速发芽箱内的空气流通速度。第二排气管93上设置有臭氧处理装置100，以将发芽箱排出的气体中所包含的臭氧处理后再排至外部，避免臭氧直接排出对人体和环境造成损害。优选地，臭氧处理装置100为一段装有臭氧分解催化剂或诸如活性碳等的吸附材料的管。当然，臭氧处理装置100也可以是高温热分解臭氧装置或电磁波辐射分解臭氧装置等。排气扇91和二位三通电磁阀94的开关由所述控制系统控制。加湿时，排气扇91工作，二位三通电磁阀94不通电，进口94A与出口94C连通，进口94B关闭；臭氧消毒时，排气扇91不工作，臭氧处理装置100工作，二位三通电磁阀94通电，进口94B与出口94C连通，进口94A关闭。并且，排水管10具有一凹形段101，里面的积水可以防止在进行臭氧消毒时臭氧从排水管10逸出。优选地，在凹形段101的底部设置有一开关102，当糙米发芽机较长时间不用时，可以通过该开关102将积水排出。
此外，水箱1还可包括断水保护器(未示出)，其与所述控制系统电连接，以在水箱1缺水的情况下关掉糙米发芽机。优选地，断水保护器为浮子开关。
工作时，空气和雾化的水汽或臭氧通过进气总管7进入中空轴83，由于中空轴83另一端封闭，空气和水汽或臭氧通过中空轴83的透气孔沿径向向盛米笼82内的糙米扩散，再由盛米笼82的网格孔透出，这过程中凝结的水可由排水口812排出，气体则由排气口811通过排气装置9排出(臭氧杀菌时，排气扇91不工作，含臭氧的气体在二位三通电磁阀94的配合下会经臭氧处理装置100处理后再排出)。因有电机841通过齿轮843带动盛米笼82缓慢转动，使得糙米与水、空气和臭氧接触得更充分、更均匀，这样发芽率更高，发芽的快慢更均衡，杀菌消毒去异味的效果更好，雾化器工作供应水汽每3-4小时停歇5-10 分钟，以进行臭氧消毒，经20-24小时就可完成糙米的吸水、发芽、杀菌，糙米发芽后期，为避免损伤芽胚，盛米笼82每滚动几圈应有一段时间停歇。
结合图1、图5和图6，描述本发明的第二实施例的糙米发芽机。与第一实施例相比，除了发芽箱8外，其它部件均相同。在本实施例中，发芽箱8包括具有可掀箱盖的箱体81、设置在箱体底部的排气口811和排水口812以及设置在箱体81内的可相互叠置的多层盛米盘82。盛米盘82具有透气底部和不透气外沿壁，两层盛米盘的外沿壁彼此啮合。优选地，发芽箱8为圆筒体，但其也可以是长方体或正方体。盛米盘82可通过竖槽卡位的方式放置在箱体81内，盛米盘82最底层与箱底有2-3厘米间隔。在本实施例中，每层盛米盘3厘米高，底部为透气网格，外沿壁不透气。盛米盘层与层间的外沿壁通过内外径啮合，并且啮合处在通水汽时可以闭合不透气。
工作时，空气和雾化的水汽或臭氧通过进气总管7由发芽箱8上方进入，从上层盛米盘82逐层往下扩散渗透，气体到发芽箱底时在排气扇91作用下由排气口811排出，凝结的水由底部排水口812排出(臭氧杀菌时，排气扇不工作，含臭氧的气体在二位三通电磁阀94的配合下会经臭氧处理装置100处理后再排出)，雾化器工作供应水汽每3-4小时停歇5-10分钟，以进行臭氧消毒，经20-24小时就可完成糙米的吸水、发芽、杀菌。每层盛米盘装的糙米厚度不要超过1厘米，否则中间部分的糙米发芽较慢、整体发芽就不均衡。
结合图1、图7和图8，描述本发明的第三实施例的糙米发芽机。与第一实施例和第二实施例相比，除了发芽箱8外，其它部件均相同。在本实施例中，发芽箱8为垂直放置的圆筒形，包括具有可掀箱盖的箱体81、设置在箱体底部的排气口811和排水口812以及圆筒形盛米笼82，所述圆筒形盛米笼82可从箱体81取出并包括交替间隔开的糙米层823和通气层824，进气总管7与发芽箱 8的上部连通，进而与糙米层823和通气层824流体连通。圆筒形盛米笼82的具体布置为：最内层圆筒具有不透气筒底和透气筒壁，作为通气层824；最外层圆筒具有不透气筒底和不透气外筒壁，作为通气层824；中间糙米层823具有透气筒底和透气筒壁；中间通气层824具有不透气筒底和透气筒壁。通气层824均设有可拆卸盖板(未示出)，以在装糙米时可以装上盖板，从而避免糙米进入通气层，在装完糙米后需要取下盖板。一个具体实施例中，圆筒形盛米笼中央为直径1厘米底部不透气、筒壁透气的圆筒、再设有直径分别为3厘米、4厘米、6厘米、7厘米、9厘米、10厘米···筒壁为网格可透气的圆筒，最外层为不透气圆筒，这样就由内而外形成间隔分别为0.5厘米、1.0厘米、···1.0厘米、0.5厘米的隔层，间隔0.5厘米的隔层(底部不透气)用于通气，间隔1.0厘米的隔层(底部为透气网格)用于装糙米，圆筒形盛米笼82底部与发芽箱底部有2-3厘米的间隔。
工作时，空气和雾化的水汽或臭氧通过进气总管7由发芽箱8上方进入，经由通气隔层扩散到糙米层，再由糙米层底部网格渗出，气体到达发芽箱底部时在排气扇作用下由排气口811排出，凝结的水由底部排水口812排出(臭氧杀菌时，排气扇91不工作，含臭氧的气体在二位三通电磁阀94的配合下会经臭氧处理装置100处理后再排出)，雾化器工作供应水汽每3-4小时，以停歇5-10分钟进行臭氧消毒，经20-24小时就可完成糙米的吸水、发芽、杀菌。
下面描述一种糙米发芽方法。该方法可包括以下步骤：
S1.提供一种如上所述的糙米发芽机；
S2.将淘洗好的糙米装到发芽箱中并将水箱加满水；
S3.雾化加湿，将水箱中雾化的水汽引到发芽箱中以提供糙米发芽所需的水分空气；
S4.将发芽箱内温度维持在糙米发芽所需的温度，例如，30-35℃，即当发芽箱内的温度降到30℃以下时，启动加热器加热直至达到35℃；
S5.在步骤S3持续预定时间(例如，3-4小时)后，停止雾化加湿并进行臭氧消毒，将臭氧引入发芽箱中，进而对糙米进行消毒，同时启用臭氧处理装置对从发芽箱离开的气体进行处理后再排放至外部；
S6.在步骤S5持续预定时间(例如，5-10分钟)后，停止臭氧消毒并再次进行雾化加湿，同时停用臭氧处理装置；
S7.步骤S5和S6交替进行，直至糙米发芽完成。
此外，方法还包括当糙米发芽机为第一实施例所述的糙米发芽机时使所述圆筒形盛米笼在糙米发芽后期间歇地转动的步骤，这可以避免糙米的芽胚受到损坏。
尽管结合优选实施方案具体展示和介绍了本发明，但所属领域的技术人员应该明白，在不脱离所附权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围内，在形式上和细节上可以对本发明做出各种变化，均为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种糙米发芽机，其特征在于，包括水箱、加热器、温度传感器、雾化器、送风器、臭氧发生器、第一阀门、第二阀门、第一进气管、第二进气管、发芽箱、排气装置、排水管、电源模块和控制系统；其中，加热器和温度传感器安装在水箱或发芽箱中，用于将所述发芽箱保持在所需温度，所述雾化器用于将所述水箱中的水雾化，所述送风器用于将空气和雾化的水汽通过所述第一进气管输送到发芽箱，所述臭氧发生器通过所述第二进气管与所述发芽箱流体连通，所述第一阀门安装在所述第一进气管上，所述第二阀门安装在所述第二进气管上，所述发芽箱具有能使糙米与水汽和空气充分均匀接触的盛米容器结构，并设有排气口和位于底部的排水口，所述排气口与所述排气装置连通，所述排气装置中安装有臭氧处理装置，所述排水口与所述排水管连接，所述控制系统与所述的加热器、温度传感器、雾化器、送风器、臭氧发生器、第一阀门、第二阀门、电机、排气装置和电源模块电连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的糙米发芽机，其特征在于，所述发芽箱的盛米容器结构为转筒式盛米容器结构。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的糙米发芽机，其特征在于，所述发芽箱包括具有可掀箱盖的箱体、可旋转地设置在箱体内的水平放置的筒形盛米笼、沿筒形盛米笼的中心轴线延伸穿过筒形盛米笼两端的中空轴以及驱动所述筒形盛米笼旋转的驱动装置，所述筒形盛米笼能从所述箱体取出并具有透气筒壁和可开关开口，包括圆筒形驱动端部和圆筒形或多面柱体状主体，所述中空轴的一端与所述第一进气管和所述第二进气管流体连通，另一端封闭，轴壁上设置有多个通气孔。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的糙米发芽机，其特征在于，所述发芽箱的盛米容器结构为分层的盛米容器结构。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的糙米发芽机，其特征在于，所述发芽箱包括具有可掀箱 盖的箱体以及设置在箱体内的可相互叠置的多层盛米盘，所述盛米盘具有透气底部和不透气外沿壁，相邻两层盛米盘的外沿壁彼此啮合。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的糙米发芽机，其特征在于，所述发芽箱为垂直放置的圆筒形，包括具有可掀箱盖的箱体以及设置在箱体内的分层圆筒形盛米笼，所述分层圆筒形盛米笼能从所述箱体中取出并包括交替间隔开的糙米层和通气层，所述第一进气管和所述第二进气管与所述发芽箱的上部流体连通，进而与所述糙米层和通气层流体连通。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的糙米发芽机，其特征在于，所述分层圆筒形盛米笼的糙米层和通气层的具体布置为：最内层圆筒具有不透气筒底和透气筒壁，作为所述通气层；最外层圆筒具有不透气筒底和不透气外筒壁，作为所述通气层；中间的糙米层具有透气筒底和透气筒壁；中间的通气层具有不透气筒底和透气筒壁。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的糙米发芽机，其特征在于，所述排气装置包括排气扇、第一排气管、第二排气管、二位三通电磁阀和排气总管；所述第一排气管和所述第二排气管并联，一端与所述发芽箱的排气口连通，另一端分别连接所述二位三通电磁阀的两个进口；所述排气总管一端与所述二位三通电磁阀的出口连通，另一端与外部连通；所述第一排气管上设置有排气扇，所述第二排气管上设置有所述臭氧处理装置；所述排气扇和所述二位三通电磁阀的开关由所述控制系统控制；所述排水管具有一凹形段。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的糙米发芽机，其特征在于，所述水箱还包括断水保护器，其与所述控制系统电连接。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的糙米发芽机，其特征在于，所述第一阀门和所述第二阀门均为单向阀。
  11. 一种糙米发芽方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1.提供一种如权利要求1-10中的任一所述的糙米发芽机；
    S2.将淘洗好的糙米装到发芽箱中并将水箱加满水；
    S3.雾化加湿，将水箱中雾化的水汽引到发芽箱中以提供糙米发芽所需的水分和空气；
    S4.将发芽箱内温度维持在糙米发芽所需的温度；
    S5.在步骤S3持续预定时间后，停止雾化加湿并进行臭氧消毒，将臭氧引入发芽箱中，进而对糙米进行消毒，同时启用臭氧处理装置对从发芽箱离开的气体进行处理后再排放至外部；
    S6.在步骤S5持续预定时间后，停止臭氧消毒并再次进行雾化加湿，同时停用臭氧处理装置；
    S7.步骤S5和S6交替进行，直至糙米发芽完成。
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