WO2018148225A2 - Cryogenic pressurized storage with hump-reinforced vacuum jacket - Google Patents

Cryogenic pressurized storage with hump-reinforced vacuum jacket Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018148225A2
WO2018148225A2 PCT/US2018/017130 US2018017130W WO2018148225A2 WO 2018148225 A2 WO2018148225 A2 WO 2018148225A2 US 2018017130 W US2018017130 W US 2018017130W WO 2018148225 A2 WO2018148225 A2 WO 2018148225A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vessel
outer vacuum
reinforcement ring
vacuum vessel
hump
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2018/017130
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2018148225A3 (en
Inventor
Salvador M. Aceves
Francisco Espinosa-Loza
Guillaume Petitpas
Vernan A. SWITZER
Elias Rigoberto LEDESMA-OROZCO
Victor Algonso ALCANTAR-CAMARENA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universidad de Guanajuato
Lawrence Livermore National Security LLC
Original Assignee
Universidad de Guanajuato
Lawrence Livermore National Security LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad de Guanajuato, Lawrence Livermore National Security LLC filed Critical Universidad de Guanajuato
Priority to JP2019536193A priority Critical patent/JP7184778B2/ja
Priority to EP18750823.9A priority patent/EP3580491A4/en
Publication of WO2018148225A2 publication Critical patent/WO2018148225A2/en
Publication of WO2018148225A3 publication Critical patent/WO2018148225A3/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F17C1/08—Integral reinforcements, e.g. ribs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0123—Shape cylindrical with variable thickness or diameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/058—Size portable (<30 l)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/01—Reinforcing or suspension means
    • F17C2203/011—Reinforcing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/01—Reinforcing or suspension means
    • F17C2203/011—Reinforcing means
    • F17C2203/012—Reinforcing means on or in the wall, e.g. ribs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/01—Reinforcing or suspension means
    • F17C2203/014—Suspension means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/011—Improving strength
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/012—Reducing weight
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0131—Submarines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
    • F17C2270/0189—Planes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • the present application relates to cryogenic pressure vessels and more particularly to a cryogenic pressure vessel with reinforcement.
  • Hydrogen has the potential to displace petroleum as a universal transportation fuel, reducing or eliminating petroleum dependence and associated tailpipe air pollutants and greenhouse gases.
  • the predominant technical barrier limiting widespread use of hydrogen vehicles is sufficient onboard fuel storage capacity for highway vehicles within volume, weight, cost, and refueling time constraints.
  • cryogenic pressure vessels also known as cryo-compressed vessels.
  • This technology can store hydrogen more compactly than conventional ambient temperature pressure vessels, with lower weight than hydrogen absorption storage technologies, and with far greater thermal endurance than conventional low pressure LH2 storage, potentially eliminating venting losses under virtually all automotive usage conditions. Cost is lower due to smaller container size leading to reduced need for expensive structural materials.
  • Cryogenic pressure vessels also have compelling safety advantages due to the lower expansion energy of cryogenic hydrogen and the presence of an outer vacuum jacket that protects the internal high-pressure vessel from environmental or mechanical impact.
  • the inventors have developed apparatus, systems, and methods for simultaneously reducing vacuum jacket weight and volume that may potentially improve volumetric (gH2/L) and gravimetric (H2 weight fraction) hydrogen storage performance, thereby contributing to more practical hydrogen fueled vehicles.
  • the inventors have developed hydrogen cryogenic pressure vessel apparatus, systems, and methods that incorporate a hump-shaped
  • the inventor's hydrogen cryogenic pressure vessel apparatus, systems, and methods simultaneously reduces weight and volume of the cryogenic vessel system, enabling lighter and more compact hydrogen storage necessary for practical hydrogen-fueled propulsion in automobiles, aircraft, submarines, and other systems in need of high capacity, lightweight hydrogen storage.
  • One embodiment of the inventor's hydrogen cryogenic pressure vessel apparatus, systems, and methods simultaneously strengthens the outer vacuum jacket against buckling and enables placement of a high pressure vessel ring support within the hump-shaped reinforcement.
  • the inventor's hydrogen cryogenic pressure vessel apparatus, systems, and methods have use in cryogenic pressurized hydrogen storage vessels for hydrogen powered vehicles where the apparatus, systems, and methods aid in reducing the system volume and weight of the onboard storage vessel of hydrogen fuel.
  • the inventor's hydrogen cryogenic pressure vessel apparatus, systems, and methods is also applicable to hydrogen powered Airplanes, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, submarines, ships, and any other vehicle that needs compact hydrogen storage with long dormancy.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a Prior Art cryogenic pressure vessel.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are illustrative cut-away views of a first embodiment of the inventor's cryogenic hydrogen pressure vessel with reinforcement.
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C are illustrative cut-away views of a second embodiment of the inventor's cryogenic hydrogen pressure vessel with reinforcement.
  • FIG. 4 is an illustrative cut-away views of a third embodiment of the inventor's cryogenic hydrogen pressure vessel with reinforcement.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B are illustrative cut-away views of a fourth embodiment of the inventor's cryogenic hydrogen pressure vessel with reinforcement.
  • FIG. 1 an illustrative cut-away view of a Prior Art cryogenic pressure vessel is shown.
  • the Prior Art cryogenic pressure vessel is designated generally by the reference numeral 10.
  • the following is a list of the components of the Prior Art cryogenic pressure vessel 10 shown in FIG. V.
  • outer vacuum vessel end caps 16 inner pressure vessel end caps 18,
  • cryogenic pressure vessels also known as cryo-compressed vessels
  • the Prior Art cryogenic pressure vessels 10 includes a high-pressure inner vessel 14 made of carbon-fiber-coated aluminum (similar to those typically used to store compressed gas), a vacuum space 26 filled with numerous sheets of highly reflective plastic, and an outer metallic vacuum jacket 12.
  • a high-pressure inner vessel 14 made of carbon-fiber-coated aluminum (similar to those typically used to store compressed gas)
  • a vacuum space 26 filled with numerous sheets of highly reflective plastic
  • an outer metallic vacuum jacket 12 An outer metallic vacuum jacket 12.
  • System hydrogen storage density (grams of hydrogen per total system volume) of cryogenic pressurized storage is critical to practical implementation in future vehicles, as it determines cryogenic vessel capacity for any given available space in the vehicle, and therefore driving range with a full fuel tank.
  • the inventors have developed a cryogenic hydrogen pressure vessel with reinforcement(s) that can simultaneously improve volumetric (grams of hydrogen per system liter) and gravimetric (hydrogen weight fraction) storage performance, thereby contributing to more practical hydrogen-powered automobiles (aircraft) with longer driving (flying) range.
  • the inventors have developed multiple embodiments of the hydrogen cryogenic pressure vessel with reinforcement.
  • Vacuum jacket thickness (and therefore weight) is controlled by buckling. External ambient pressure may be enough to collapse the vacuum jacket if made too thin, especially when the vacuum jacket is made of light, relatively weak metals such as aluminum.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B an illustrative cut-away view of a first embodiment of the inventor's cryogenic hydrogen pressure vessel with reinforcement is shown.
  • This first embodiment is designated generally by the reference numeral 200.
  • FIG. 2A is an illustrative cut-away view of the first embodiment 200 and
  • FIG. 2b is an enlarged view of a portion of the
  • the embodiment 200 provides reduce vacuum jacket thickness while avoiding collapse.
  • the following is a list of the components of the first embodiment of the inventor's cryogenic pressure vessel 200:
  • the first embodiment 200 of the inventor's cryogenic hydrogen pressure vessel includes an outer vacuum vessel 202, a high-pressure inner vessel 204, a space 208 between the outer vacuum vessel 202 and the inner vessel 204 and a vacuum 230 in the space 208.
  • a reinforcement ring 214 extends around the circumference of outer vacuum vessel 202.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement ring 214 includes a hump portion 214a that provides a rounded protuberance extending above the surface of the outer vacuum vessel 202 and a recess 214b that extends around the internal diameter of the outer vacuum vessel 202.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement ring 214 projects outward from the surface of the outer vacuum vessel 202 and extends around the circumference of outer vacuum vessel 202.
  • the reinforcement ring 214 is an integral part of the outer vacuum vessel 202.
  • the reinforcement ring 214 is formed in the outer vacuum vessel 202 by a process of rolling the outer vacuum vessel 202 or by other standard manufacturing processes.
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C illustrative cut-away views of a second embodiment of the inventor's cryogenic hydrogen pressure vessel with reinforcement is shown.
  • This second embodiment is designated generally by the reference numeral 300.
  • FIG. 3 A is an illustrative cut-away view of the second embodiment 300
  • FIGS. 3B and 3C are enlarged views of a portion of the second embodiment 300 shown in FIG. 3A.
  • the second embodiment 300 is illustrated.
  • the embodiment 300 provides reduced vacuum jacket thickness while avoiding collapse.
  • the following is a list of the components of the second embodiment of the inventor's cryogenic pressure vessel 300:
  • the second embodiment 300 of the inventor's cryogenic pressure vessel includes an outer vacuum vessel 302, a high-pressure inner vessel 304, a space 308 between the outer vacuum vessel 302 and the inner vessel 304 and a vacuum 310 in the space 308.
  • a hump-shaped reinforcement ring 314 is welded to the outer vacuum vessel 34.
  • FIG. 3B an enlarged view of a portion of the hump-shaped reinforcement ring 314 is shown.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement ring 314 extends around the circumference of the outer vacuum vessel 302.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement ring 314 includes feet 314a and 314b that are positioned on the outside of the outer vacuum vessel 302.
  • the weld 316a attaches the foot 314a to the outer vacuum vessel 302.
  • the weld 316b attaches the foot 314b to the outer vacuum vessel 302.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement ring 314 includes a hump portion that provides a rounded protuberance extending above the surface of the outer vacuum vessel 302 and a recess that extends around the internal diameter of the outer vacuum vessel 302.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement ring 314 projects outward from the surface of the outer vacuum vessel 302 and extends around the circumference of outer vacuum vessel 302.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement ring 314 extends around the circumference of the outer vacuum vessel 302.
  • the outer vacuum vessel 302 includes a gap 302a.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement ring 314 extends around the circumference of the outer vacuum vessel 302 and is positioned over the gap 302a.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement ring 314 includes feet 314a and 314b that are positioned on the outside of the outer vacuum vessel 302.
  • the weld 316a attaches the foot 314a to the outer vacuum vessel 302.
  • the weld 316b attaches the foot 314b to the outer vacuum vessel 302.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement ring 314 includes a hump portion that provides a rounded protuberance 314d extending above the surface of the outer vacuum vessel 302 and a recess 314c that extends around the internal diameter of the outer vacuum vessel 302.
  • the recess 314c is located above the gap 302a in the outer vacuum vessel 302.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement ring 314 projects outward from the surface of the outer vacuum vessel 302 and extends around the circumference of outer vacuum vessel 302.
  • FIG. 4 an illustrative cut-away view of a third embodiment of the inventor's cryogenic pressure vessel with reinforcement is shown.
  • This third embodiment is designated generally by the reference numeral 400.
  • the third embodiment 400 is like the first embodiment 200 shown in FIG. 2A; however, the third embodiment 400 includes composite support rings between outer vacuum vessel and inner pressure vessel.
  • the outer vacuum vessel is subjected to pressure from the atmosphere because of the vacuum in the space between the outer vacuum vessel and the inner pressure vessel.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement rings strengthen the outer vacuum vessel and enable the outer vacuum vessel to be made of lighter materials and/or thinner than if there was no hump-shaped reinforcement ring.
  • the inner pressure vessel is subjected to outward pressure from hydrogen stored in the inner pressure vessel.
  • the composite support rings provide mechanical support for the inner vessel through a long thermal path that minimizes heat transfer to the inside.
  • hump-shaped reinforcement rings 414 4.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement rings 414 are an integral part of the outer vacuum vessel 402.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement rings 414 are formed in the outer vacuum vessel 402 by a process of rolling the outer vacuum vessel 402 or by other standard manufacturing processes.
  • the composite support rings 415 are in the vacuum space 408 between outer vacuum vessel 402 and the inner pressure vessel 404.
  • the composite support rings 415 fit within the recess 414 in the hump-shaped reinforcement ring 414 and extend between the hump-shaped reinforcement ring
  • the inner pressure vessel 404 is subjected to outward pressure from hydrogen stored in the inner pressure vessel 404.
  • the outer vacuum vessel 402 is subjected to pressure from the atmosphere because of the vacuum 410 in the space 408 between the outer vacuum vessel and the inner pressure vessel.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement rings 414 strengthen the outer vacuum vessel 402 and enables the outer vacuum vessel 402 to be made of lighter and/or thinner materials than if there were no hump-shaped reinforcement rings.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B an illustrative cut-away view of a fourth embodiment of the inventor's cryogenic hydrogen pressure vessel with reinforcement is shown.
  • This fourth embodiment is designated generally by the reference numeral 500.
  • FIG. 5A is an illustrative cut-away view of the fourth embodiment 500 and
  • FIG. 5b is an enlarged view of a portion of one of the reinforcement rings shown in FIG. 5A.
  • the fourth embodiment 500 is illustrated.
  • the embodiment 500 provides reduce vacuum jacket thickness while avoiding collapse.
  • the following is a list of the components of the fourth embodiment of the inventor's cryogenic pressure vessel 500:
  • the fourth embodiment 500 of the inventor's cryogenic pressure vessel includes an outer vacuum vessel 502, a high-pressure inner vessel 504, and a vacuum space 508 between the outer vacuum vessel 502 and the inner vessel 504.
  • Composite support rings 515 are in the vacuum space 508 between outer vacuum vessel 502 and the inner pressure vessel 504.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement rings 514 extend around the circumference of outer vacuum vessel 502.
  • FIG. 5B shows an enlarged view of one of the hump-shaped reinforcement rings 514 and the composite support ring 515 that are shown in FIG. 5A.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement ring 514 extends around the circumference of outer vacuum vessel 502.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement ring 514 is an integral part of the outer vacuum vessel 502.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement ring 512 is formed in the outer vacuum vessel 502 by a process of rolling the outer vacuum vessel 502 or by other standard manufacturing processes.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement ring 514 includes a hump portion 514a that provides a rounded protuberance extending above the surface of the outer vacuum vessel 502 and a recess 514b that extends around the internal diameter of the outer vacuum vessel 502.
  • the hump-shaped reinforcement ring 514 projects outward from the surface of the outer vacuum vessel 502 and extends around the circumference of outer vacuum vessel 502.
  • the composite support ring 515 is in the vacuum space 508 and nests in the recess 514b of the hump-shaped reinforcement ring 514.
  • the composite support ring 515 connects the hump-shaped reinforcement ring 514 with the inner pressure vessel 504 and provides cryogenic support to the inner pressure vessel 504 with reduced heat transfer rate.
  • the composite support rings 510 that maintain the inner pressure vessel suspended within the vacuum jacket for minimizing environmental heat transfer.
  • the composite support rings 510 demand a minimum thickness of 1.5-3 cm to maintain conduction heat transfer at an acceptable level (1 Watt or less).
  • the need for a minimum ring thickness has a large impact on volumetric efficiency of hydrogen storage, since the vacuum gap volume has been between 30 and 60% of the hydrogen volume in previous cryogenic vessels. It is therefore synergistic to locate the support ring within the hump reinforcement for increasing the thickness of the support ring (and thereby reducing heat transfer) while reducing impact on outer volume.
  • a cryogenic hydrogen storage vessel includes an outer vacuum vessel, a reinforcement ring on the outer vacuum vessel, an inner pressure vessel inside of the outer vacuum vessel, and a vacuum space between the outer vacuum vessel and the inner pressure vessel.
  • cryogenic hydrogen storage vessel includes an outer vacuum vessel; a hump-shaped reinforcement ring on the outer vacuum vessel, the hump-shaped reinforcement ring including an external hump portion that protrudes from the hump-shaped reinforcement ring and an internal recess in the hump-shaped reinforcement ring; an inner pressure vessel inside of the outer vacuum vessel, a vacuum space between the outer vacuum vessel and the inner pressure vessel, and a composite support ring in the vacuum space extending from the hump-shaped reinforcement ring on the outer vacuum vessel to the inner pressure vessel, the composite support ring nested in the recess in the hump-shaped reinforcement ring.
  • a cryogenic hydrogen storage vessel apparatus comprising: an outer vacuum vessel,
  • a cryogenic hydrogen storage vessel apparatus comprising: an outer vacuum vessel; a hump-shaped reinforcement ring on said outer vacuum vessel, said hump-shaped reinforcement ring including an external hump portion that protrudes from said hump-shaped reinforcement ring and an internal recess in said hump-shaped reinforcement ring;
  • a method of making a cryogenic hydrogen storage vessel comprising the steps of:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
PCT/US2018/017130 2017-02-07 2018-02-06 Cryogenic pressurized storage with hump-reinforced vacuum jacket Ceased WO2018148225A2 (en)

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JP2019536193A JP7184778B2 (ja) 2017-02-07 2018-02-06 こぶで強化された真空ジャケットを用いた極低温圧縮貯蔵
EP18750823.9A EP3580491A4 (en) 2017-02-07 2018-02-06 PRESSURIZED CRYOGENIC STORAGE WITH VACUUM ENCLOSURE REINFORCED BY BOSSES

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US15/426,507 US10082246B2 (en) 2017-02-07 2017-02-07 Cryogenic pressurized storage with hump-reinforced vacuum jacket
US15/426,507 2017-02-07

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US10330573B2 (en) 2017-07-10 2019-06-25 Cem Corporation Rapid sample preparation for analytical analysis using dispersive energized extraction
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US10295447B2 (en) 2017-07-10 2019-05-21 Cem Corporation Rapid energized dispersive solid phase extraction (SPE) for analytical analysis
US10330573B2 (en) 2017-07-10 2019-06-25 Cem Corporation Rapid sample preparation for analytical analysis using dispersive energized extraction
US10677696B2 (en) 2017-07-10 2020-06-09 Cem Corporation Rapid sample preparation for analytical analysis using dispersive energized extraction
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EP4208665A4 (en) * 2020-09-04 2024-08-14 Lattice International AS TANK USABLE FOR CRYOGENIC OPERATION

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JP2020506337A (ja) 2020-02-27
US20180224064A1 (en) 2018-08-09
US20190003643A1 (en) 2019-01-03
US10082246B2 (en) 2018-09-25
JP7184778B2 (ja) 2022-12-06
US10928006B2 (en) 2021-02-23
WO2018148225A3 (en) 2018-10-04
EP3580491A2 (en) 2019-12-18
EP3580491A4 (en) 2020-12-09

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