WO2022161155A1 - 罐 - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2022161155A1
WO2022161155A1 PCT/CN2022/071192 CN2022071192W WO2022161155A1 WO 2022161155 A1 WO2022161155 A1 WO 2022161155A1 CN 2022071192 W CN2022071192 W CN 2022071192W WO 2022161155 A1 WO2022161155 A1 WO 2022161155A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plate body
tank
shell
inner shell
outer shell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/071192
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
高峰
刘在祥
陈艳凤
蔡园丰
王兵
牛争艳
Original Assignee
上海兴邺材料科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202110125954.5A external-priority patent/CN112793941B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202120267553.9U external-priority patent/CN214525867U/zh
Application filed by 上海兴邺材料科技有限公司 filed Critical 上海兴邺材料科技有限公司
Publication of WO2022161155A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022161155A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/54—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/74—Large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/02—Wall construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/02—Wall construction
    • B65D90/08—Interconnections of wall parts; Sealing means therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F17C1/08—Integral reinforcements, e.g. ribs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a tank.
  • the vacuum tank is mainly composed of an outer shell, an inner shell, and a vacuum insulation cavity formed between the outer shell and the inner shell. It has excellent thermal insulation performance and can store high-temperature or low-temperature liquids, especially water, for a long time.
  • the weak part of vacuum tank insulation lies in its filling opening.
  • the larger the volume of the vacuum tank the lower the heat loss rate.
  • a large-volume vacuum tank that is also full of hot water (or cold water) has obvious advantages in thermal insulation.
  • the volume of the traditional vacuum tank is generally small, because the inner shell of the traditional tank is suspended and fixed in the outer shell, while the outer shell and inner shell of the large-volume vacuum tank are large in size.
  • the top of the outer shell (suspension connection) is easily collapsed and deformed, so that the outer shell and the inner shell are in close contact and the thermal insulation performance of the tank is reduced.
  • the water storage capacity is 7t
  • the vacuum water storage capacity is 70t. If the traditional structure of the vacuum tank is for small tonnage water storage, the inner shell can be suspended and connected to the outer shell through its top, but when the large tonnage is stored, the strength of the suspension connection between the inner shell and the top of the outer shell is not enough to support the inner shell and the outer shell. water weight.
  • liquid substance storage tanks are provided with a flange plate at the mouth of the tank.
  • the flange plate of the filling mouth can be tightly connected with the flange plate at the end of the external pipeline by means of bolts and nuts that cooperate with each other, so as to realize The tank is connected to the external pipeline, so that the liquid in the tank can be drawn out through the external pipeline, or the external liquid material can be drained and supplemented into the tank through the external pipeline.
  • the installation of flange plates at the ends of the pipelines requires high cost, and the on-site butt joint of the pipelines with flanges at the ends and the tank flanges is troublesome.
  • the present application proposes a tank.
  • a tank which is a vacuum tank, comprising:
  • the outer shell and the inner shell are fixedly connected at the bottom and the top of the vacuum tank, and the shell wall of the inner shell is integrally provided with annular deformation folds surrounding the periphery of the tank cavity.
  • the deformed folds are radially outwardly convex or radially inwardly convex extruded ring ribs.
  • the outer shell and the inner shell are fixedly connected through a branch ring at the bottom of the vacuum tank, and the bottom of the vacuum tank is provided with a vertical penetration through the outer shell, the inner shell and the outer shell. the lower tank mouth of the branch ring;
  • the branch ring includes an upper ring body integrally formed on the inner casing and a lower ring body integrally formed on the outer casing, and the upper ring body and the lower ring body are welded. fixed;
  • the upper ring body is a downward flanging hole integrally formed on the inner shell
  • the lower ring body is an upward flanging hole integrally formed on the outer shell.
  • the outer shell and the inner shell are fixedly connected at the top of the vacuum tank by a ring sleeve, and the top of the vacuum tank is provided with a vertical connection through the outer shell, the inner shell and the inner shell. the upper tank mouth of the ring sleeve;
  • the tops of the outer shell and the inner shell are respectively provided with flanging holes that are turned upward, and the ring sleeve is abutted and sleeved in the flanging holes of the outer shell and the inner shell, and is connected with the The flanges of the flanged holes are welded and fixed.
  • an outer tube protruding downward is integrally formed at the bottom of the outer shell, and an inner tube protruding downward and inside the outer tube is integrally formed at the bottom of the inner shell.
  • the extension end of the tube is fixedly connected to the sealing plate with the extension end of the outer tube, and a part of the vacuum insulation chamber is located between the inner tube and the outer tube, and the sealing plate is made with all the The liquid drain hole that communicates with the tank cavity.
  • an outer tube protruding upward is integrally formed on the top of the outer shell, and an inner tube protruding upward and inside the outer tube is integrally formed on the top of the inner shell.
  • the extension end is fixedly connected to the sealing plate with the extension end of the outer tube, and a part of the vacuum insulation chamber is located between the inner tube and the outer tube, and the sealing plate is made with the tank.
  • the cavities communicate with the liquid drain holes.
  • the liquid drain hole is provided with a connecting thread.
  • the sealing plate is composed of:
  • a second plate body that is detachably connected to the first plate body and is located outside the first plate body is formed;
  • the liquid drain hole penetrates through the first plate body and the second plate body, and the connection thread is provided on the liquid drain hole of the second plate body.
  • the second plate body is welded with a catheter that passes downward through the first plate body and extends into the tank cavity.
  • the sealing plate is composed of:
  • a second plate body and a third plate body that are detachably connected to the first plate body and are located outside the first plate body are formed;
  • the second plate body is sandwiched between the first plate body and the second plate body, and the liquid drain hole passes through the first plate body, the second plate body and the third plate
  • the connecting thread is arranged on the liquid drain hole of the third plate body, and the second plate body is welded with a liquid guide that passes downward through the first plate body and extends into the tank cavity Tube.
  • a tank which is a vacuum tank, comprising:
  • the outer shell and the inner shell are fixedly connected at the bottom of the vacuum tank, and the shell wall of the outer shell is integrally provided with an annular deformation fold surrounding the periphery of the inner shell.
  • a tank comprising:
  • the tank body is fixed with a sealing plate for closing the tank mouth, and a liquid drain hole with a connecting thread and communicated with the tank cavity is arranged through the sealing plate.
  • the tank proposed in the third aspect may be an ordinary tank or a vacuum tank.
  • the sealing plate is composed of:
  • a second plate body that is detachably connected to the first plate body and is located outside the first plate body is formed;
  • the liquid drain hole penetrates through the first plate body and the second plate body, and the connection thread is provided on the liquid drain hole of the second plate body.
  • the second plate body is welded with a catheter that penetrates inwardly through the first plate body and extends into the tank cavity.
  • the sealing plate is composed of:
  • a second plate body and a third plate body that are detachably connected to the first plate body and are located outside the first plate body are formed;
  • the second plate body is sandwiched between the first plate body and the second plate body, and the liquid drain hole passes through the first plate body, the second plate body and the third plate
  • the connecting thread is arranged on the liquid drain hole of the third plate body, and the second plate body is welded with a liquid guide that penetrates inwardly through the first plate body and extends into the tank cavity Tube.
  • the outer shell and the inner shell are fixedly connected at the bottom and the top of the vacuum tank.
  • the top of the outer shell provides an upward pulling force to the inner shell containing water
  • the bottom of the outer shell also provides an upward supporting force for the inner shell, even if the liquid storage in the inner shell reaches hundreds of tons, it is not easy to There is a problem that the inner shell falls in contact with the outer shell in a large area to conduct heat.
  • an annular deformation fold surrounding the periphery of the tank cavity is integrally provided on the shell wall of the inner shell or the outer shell.
  • the expansion/contraction of the deformation fold can absorb the The aforesaid dimensional deformation prevents the overall deformation of the vacuum tank from leaking and the loss of heat preservation ability.
  • a sealing plate with a threaded liquid drain hole is arranged at the tank mouth, which facilitates the connection of external pipes.
  • the sealing plate includes a first plate body welded and fixed with the tank body and a second plate body detachably connected with the first plate body.
  • the connection thread of the liquid hole is specifically arranged on the second plate body. After the thread is damaged, replace the upper plate with a new one.
  • a detachable third plate body is also arranged between the first plate body and the second plate body, and the liquid conduit tube is welded and fixed on the third plate body. When the liquid conduit tube is damaged, it can also be quickly replaced.
  • Fig. 1 is the longitudinal sectional view of the vacuum tank in the first embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is the enlarged view of X1 part of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is the enlarged view of X2 part of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is the enlarged view of X3 part of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the expansion ring in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the hoop in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is the longitudinal sectional view of the vacuum tank in the second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the X4 part of FIG. 7;
  • Fig. 9 is the enlarged view of X5 part of Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 10 is an enlarged view of X6 part of Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 11 is the longitudinal sectional view of the vacuum tank in the third embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is an enlarged view of the X7 part of Figure 11;
  • Figure 13 is an enlarged view of the X8 part of Figure 11;
  • Fig. 14 is an enlarged view of X9 part of Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 15 is the longitudinal sectional view of the vacuum tank in the fourth embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 16 is an enlarged view of X10 part of Fig. 15;
  • FIG. 17 is an enlarged view of the X11 part of FIG. 15;
  • Fig. 18 is an enlarged view of X12 part of Fig. 15;
  • Fig. 19 is the usage method demonstration diagram of the vacuum tank in the fourth embodiment of the present application.
  • 20 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the top side of the vacuum tank connected to the external pipeline in the fifth embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 21 is an enlarged view of the X13 part of Figure 20;
  • Fig. 22 is the three-dimensional schematic diagram of Fig. 20;
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of the matching structure of the sealing plate and the catheter in the fifth embodiment of the present application.
  • 24 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the second type of vacuum tank in the fifth embodiment of the present application when the top side is connected to an external pipeline;
  • Figure 25 is a schematic structural view of Figure 24 after the external pipeline is removed;
  • 26 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the top side of the vacuum tank connected to the external pipeline in the sixth embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 27 is an enlarged view of the X14 part of Figure 26;
  • Fig. 28 is the perspective view of Fig. 26;
  • 29 is a schematic diagram of the matching structure of the sealing plate and the catheter in the sixth embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 30 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the second type of vacuum tank in the sixth embodiment of the present application when the top side is connected to an external pipeline;
  • Figure 31 is a schematic structural diagram of Figure 30 after the external pipeline is removed;
  • Figure 33 is an enlarged view of the X15 part of Figure 32;
  • Fig. 34 is the three-dimensional schematic diagram of Fig. 32;
  • 35 is a schematic diagram of the matching structure of the sealing plate and the catheter in the seventh embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 36 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view when the top side of the vacuum tank is connected to an external pipeline in the eighth embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 37 is an enlarged view of the X16 part of Figure 36;
  • Fig. 38 is the three-dimensional schematic diagram of Fig. 36;
  • 39 is a schematic diagram of the matching structure of the sealing plate and the catheter in the eighth embodiment of the present application.
  • 1-outer shell 101-outer tube, 1a-outer shell deformation fold, 2-inner shell, 201-inner tube, 2a-deformation fold, 3-vacuum insulation cavity, 4-tank cavity, 5-branch ring, 6 -Lower tank mouth, 7-ring sleeve, 8-upper tank mouth, 9-sealing plate, 901-upper plate body, 902-lower plate body, 903-middle plate body, 9a-liquid drain hole, 9b-installation hole, 10- catheter, 11- spacer, 11a- spacer reinforcement, 12- hoop, 12a- hoop reinforcement, 13-outer pipe; 14-bolt, 15-nut, 16-drain valve, 17 - Sealing ring.
  • connection and “connection” mentioned in this application, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (connections).
  • the "plurality” mentioned in the application means not less than two.
  • Figures 1 to 6 show a tank, which is a vacuum tank, and is a water tank for water storage, which includes what some conventional vacuum tanks have: an outer shell 1, an inner shell 2 provided in the outer shell, The tank cavity 4 formed inside the inner shell and the vacuum insulation cavity 3 formed between the outer shell and the inner shell.
  • the outer shell 1 and inner shell 2 are made of stainless steel.
  • the inner shell 2 of the vacuum tank is suspended in the outer shell 1 as in the traditional solution, when the volume of the tank cavity is large and tens of tons or even hundreds of tons of water are stored, the inner shell 2 will easily fall and deform under the action of water gravity. , is in close contact with the outer shell 1 in a large area, so that the heat is rapidly transferred between the inner shell and the outer shell, and the heat preservation of the tank is reduced. In addition, the falling deformation of the inner shell 2 is likely to cause the sealing of the vacuum insulation chamber to be damaged and air to leak, thereby losing the vacuum insulation capability.
  • the vacuum tank of this embodiment is improved as follows: the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 2 are fixedly connected at the top of the vacuum tank, and the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 2 are also fixedly connected at the bottom of the vacuum tank.
  • the top of the outer shell 1 provides an upward pulling force for the inner shell 2 filled with water; on the other hand, the bottom of the outer shell 1 also provides an upward supporting force for the inner shell 2 . Even if the inner shell 2 stores hundreds of tons of water, there is no need to worry about the falling deformation of the inner shell 2 .
  • the temperature of the inner shell 2 is significantly lower, and the temperature of the outer shell 1 is not affected by the internal water temperature and changes significantly.
  • the temperature variation range of the inner shell 2 can even reach hundreds of degrees Celsius. According to thermal expansion and contraction, the dimensions of the inner shell 2 at high temperature and low temperature are significantly different.
  • the outer shell on the periphery of the inner shell is not affected by the water temperature, and its temperature is basically maintained within a small range.
  • the large-scale deformation of the inner shell will cause a very large interaction force between the inner shell and the outer shell at the connection between the two, which will cause the vacuum tank to deform, which can easily lead to vacuum Insulation cavity 3 leaks air and loses heat preservation ability.
  • the temperature of the storage water in the tank cavity is maintained at a fixed value all year round, and the ambient temperature changes in the range of tens of degrees Celsius throughout the year.
  • the size of the inner shell does not change significantly, but the size of the outer shell 1 changes significantly in different periods, which also causes the vacuum tank to deform, causing the vacuum insulation chamber 3 to leak and lose its heat preservation ability.
  • annular deformation fold 2a surrounding the periphery of the tank cavity 4 is integrally provided on the shell wall of the inner shell 2 of the vacuum tank.
  • the deformation pleats 2a are part of the shell wall of the inner shell 2 .
  • the deformation folds 2a on the shell wall shrink to absorb the expansion deformation of the inner shell, thereby preventing the expansion stress of the inner shell from concentrating on the connection between the inner shell and the outer shell, resulting in the deformation of the vacuum tank or even the vacuum insulation chamber. Air leak.
  • the deformation folds 2a on the shell wall stretch to compensate for the shrinkage deformation of the inner shell, and also avoid the shrinkage stress of the inner shell from being concentrated at the connection between the inner shell and the outer shell, resulting in the deformation of the vacuum tank or even the leakage of the vacuum insulation chamber. gas.
  • the inner shell 2 with the deformed folds 2a can very easily increase along with the outer shell 1 .
  • the inner shell 2 with the deformed folds 2a can be reduced along with the outer shell 1 very easily. Avoid the expansion or contraction stress of the outer shell concentrated at the connection between the inner shell and the outer shell, resulting in the deformation of the vacuum tank or even the leakage of the vacuum insulation chamber.
  • a plurality of deformed pleats 2 a are provided on the wall in total, and these deformed pleats 2 a are equally spaced along the height direction of the inner shell 2 .
  • the inner shell 2 is a revolving body whose axis extends vertically, and the deformed pleats 2 a are annular structures arranged coaxially with the inner shell 2 .
  • the deformed wrinkle 2a is a ring of extruded ring ribs protruding radially outward, and an extrusion ring groove is formed on the inner circumference of the extruded ring ribs.
  • the annular extrusion ring rib integrally processed on the shell wall of the inner shell 2 is a bending structure. Compared with the smooth main part of the metal inner shell 2, the extrusion ring rib of the bending structure has a better Axial expansion/contraction deformability.
  • the above-mentioned deformed folds 2a may also be extruded ring ribs that are radially inwardly convex.
  • the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 2 are fixedly connected at the bottom and top of the vacuum tank.
  • the vacuum tank has two tank openings, and the two tank openings are respectively arranged at the top connection point and the bottom connection point of the inner shell, the details are as follows:
  • the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 2 are fixedly connected at the bottom of the vacuum tank through a branch ring 5, which is arranged at the tank mouth at the bottom of the vacuum tank—the lower tank mouth 6, which vertically penetrates the outer shell 1, the inner shell 2 and the branch ring. 5.
  • the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 2 are fixedly connected at the top of the vacuum tank through a ring sleeve 7, and the tank opening on the top of the vacuum tank—the upper tank opening 8 vertically penetrates the outer shell 1, the inner shell 2 and the ring sleeve. 7.
  • the support ring 5 is welded and fixed to the inner casing 2 and the outer casing 1 respectively, and the ring sleeve 7 is also welded and fixed to the inner casing 2 and the outer casing 1 respectively.
  • an adhesive may be provided at their connection.
  • the support ring 5 can be directly bonded and fixed with the inner shell 2 and the outer shell 1 respectively, and the ring sleeve 7 can be directly bonded and fixed with the inner shell 2 and the outer shell 1 respectively.
  • the tops of the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 2 are respectively provided with upward flanging holes, and the ring sleeve 7 is fitted in the flanging holes, and It is welded and fixed with the flange of the flanged hole.
  • branch ring 5 and the ring sleeve 7 are both the third components that are separated from and connected to the inner shell 2 and the outer shell 1 .
  • branch ring 5 and ring sleeve 7 we can also use this form of branch ring 5 and ring sleeve 7:
  • the branch ring 5 includes an upper ring body integrally formed on the inner casing 2 and a lower ring body integrally formed on the outer casing 1 , and the upper ring body and the lower ring body are welded and fixed. That is, a part of the branch ring 5 is integrated with the inner shell 2 , and the other part is integrated with the outer shell 1 , and the two parts are welded to each other to form the branch ring 5 . Further, the upper ring body may be a downward flanging hole integrally formed on the inner shell 2 , and the lower ring body may be an upward flanging hole integrally formed on the outer shell 1 .
  • the upper ring sleeve 7 includes an upper ring body integrally formed on the inner casing 2 and a lower ring body integrally formed on the outer casing 1 , and the upper ring body and the lower ring body of the collar are welded and fixed. That is, a part of the ring sleeve 7 is integrated with the inner shell 2 , and the other part is integrated with the outer shell 1 , and the two parts are welded to each other to form the ring sleeve 7 .
  • the outer shell 1 of the vacuum tank when the size of the outer shell 1 of the vacuum tank is large, the outer shell 1 is easily dented and deformed inward under the action of external force (not to mention that the inner side of the outer shell is in a negative pressure environment), which in turn causes the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 2 to be in close contact with each other in a large area.
  • This enables rapid heat transfer between the inner shell and the outer shell, reducing the thermal insulation performance of the tank.
  • increasing the thickness of the casing 1 can solve the aforementioned problems well, it brings various problems such as a lot of materials, high manufacturing cost, and the tank is bulky and difficult to move.
  • a large-sized shell if it is heat-treated to improve the structural strength, the roundness of the shell will be deteriorated, and the pressure-bearing capacity of the finally formed shell 1 will be weakened.
  • the solution of increasing the thickness of the outer casing 1 is abandoned, but a support ring 11 supported on the inner circumference of the outer casing 1 is arranged in the vacuum insulation chamber 3 to support the outer casing when the outer casing 1 is radially inwardly recessed, Improve the deformation resistance of the shell.
  • the shell 1 adopts a revolving body structure similar to a cylinder
  • the support ring 8 adopts the same revolving body structure as mentioned above. Coaxially arranged ring structure.
  • a plurality of spacer rings 11 are sleeved on the inner circumference of the case 1 , and these spacer rings 11 are arranged in sequence from the inner bottom of the case to the inner top of the case along the height direction of the case 1 .
  • These supporting rings 11 arranged next to each other are wrapped and positioned by the outer casing 1.
  • the outer casing 1 mainly plays the role of sealing and positioning the supporting ring, and the inner supporting ring 11 is the main pressure-bearing member, so that the outer casing 1 can do a very good job. Thin, easy to process and shape.
  • the support ring 11 is a circular ring made of high-strength steel, which has a strong ability to bear pressure and resist deformation.
  • the support ring 11 is integrally provided with a support ring reinforcement rib 11a located on the inner circumference of the support ring and arranged coaxially with the support ring, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 5 .
  • the expander 8 with the expander rib 11a on the inner circumference has a higher bearing capacity.
  • the aforementioned expander rib 11a is an extrusion protrusion formed by extruding the expander 11 .
  • the inner shell 2 When the temperature of the inner shell 2 is high or the pressure inside the inner shell is relatively large, radial deformation that expands outwards will occur, not to mention that the periphery of the inner shell 2 is a low-pressure vacuum environment. If the expansion deformation is too large, the inner shell 2 and the outer shell 1 will abut on a large area, so that heat is rapidly transferred between the inner shell and the outer shell, and the thermal insulation performance of the vacuum tank is reduced. In addition, if the inner shell 2 is subjected to internal high pressure for a long time, the inner shell 2 also has the risk of being damaged due to fatigue deformation.
  • a hoop 12 located in the vacuum insulation chamber 3 is fixedly sleeved on the periphery of the inner shell 2 , so as to hoop the inner shell 2 when the inner shell 2 expands radially outward, and improve the resistance of the inner shell 2
  • the pressure capacity is reduced, and the outer expansion deformation of the inner shell 2 is reduced.
  • the inner shell 2 is a revolving body with a vertically extending axis, so when in use, the external expansion pressures borne by various parts of the inner wall are basically uniform, and the deformation resistance is good.
  • the hoop 12 adopts a circular ring structure arranged coaxially with the inner shell 2 .
  • hoop rings 4 are sleeved around the inner shell 12 , and these hoop rings 4 are evenly spaced along the height direction of the inner shell 2 .
  • the above-mentioned hoop 12 is also a circular ring made of high-strength steel with extremely strong compression and deformation resistance. During manufacture, the hoop 12 and the support ring 11 made of high-strength steel can be heat treated to enhance the structural strength of the hoop 12 and the support ring 11 .
  • the hoop 12 is integrally provided with a hoop reinforcing rib 12a located on the outer periphery of the hoop and arranged coaxially with the hoop, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 6 .
  • the hoop 12 with the hoop reinforcement 12a on the outer periphery has greater strength.
  • the hoop reinforcing rib 12 a is an extrusion protrusion formed by extruding the hoop 12 .
  • the hoop 12 and the inner shell 2 can be bonded and fixed.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • FIGS 7 to 10 show the second specific embodiment of the vacuum tank of the present application.
  • the structure of the vacuum tank is similar to that of the vacuum tank in the first embodiment.
  • the main difference is that in this embodiment, the inner shell 2
  • the shell wall of the outer shell 1 is not provided with deformation folds for absorbing/releasing deformation, but an annular deformation fold surrounding the periphery of the inner shell 2 is integrally provided on the shell wall of the outer shell 1 .
  • the deformed folds on the casing 1 are now referred to as casing deformed folds 1a.
  • the shell deformation folds 1a on the shell wall shrink to absorb the expansion and deformation of the shell, thereby preventing the expansion stress of the shell from concentrating on the connection between the inner shell and the shell, resulting in the deformation of the vacuum tank or even the leakage of the vacuum insulation chamber.
  • the shell deformation folds 1a on the shell wall expand to compensate for the shrinkage deformation of the shell, and also avoid the shrinkage stress of the shell from concentrating on the connection between the inner shell and the shell, resulting in the deformation of the vacuum tank or even the leakage of the vacuum insulation chamber.
  • the outer shell 1 with the outer shell deformation pleats 1a can follow the inner shell 2 to increase very easily.
  • the outer shell 1 with the outer shell deformation folds 1a can be reduced along with the inner shell 2 very easily. Avoid the expansion or contraction stress of the outer shell concentrated at the connection between the inner shell and the outer shell, resulting in the deformation of the vacuum tank or even the leakage of the vacuum insulation chamber.
  • the casing 1 is a revolving body that is approximately a cylinder with an axis extending vertically, and the deformed pleats 2 a are annular structures arranged coaxially with the casing 1 .
  • the above-mentioned outer shell deformed folds 1a are also a ring of radially outwardly convex extrusion ring ribs, and the inner circumference of the extrusion ring ribs is formed with extrusion ring grooves.
  • the deformation folds of the casing may also be extruded ring ribs that are radially inwardly convex.
  • a hoop 12 which is hooped on the periphery of the inner shell 2 , is also arranged in the vacuum insulation chamber 3 , but a support ring for supporting the outer shell 1 is not provided.
  • a support ring for supporting the outer shell 1 is not provided.
  • the deformation folds 1a of the outer shell of the extruded ring rib structure have good radial bearing strength.
  • the outer shell of the outer shell 1 can be effectively prevented by using the extruded ring ribs to support the outer shell of the shell 1. Under the action of vacuum suction or external force, it collapses inwardly and deforms to abut against the inner shell for heat conduction.
  • the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 2 are fixedly connected at the bottom of the vacuum tank through a ring 5, and the tank opening at the bottom of the vacuum tank—the lower tank opening 6, vertically penetrates through the outer shell 1, Inner shell 2 and branch ring 5.
  • the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 2 are fixedly connected at the top of the vacuum tank through a ring sleeve 7, and the tank opening on the top of the vacuum tank—the upper tank opening 8 vertically penetrates the outer shell 1, the inner shell 2 and the ring sleeve. 7.
  • branch ring 5 and the ring sleeve 7 can also adopt this structure: a part of the branch ring 5 is integrated with the inner shell 2 , and the other part is integrated with the outer shell 1 , and the two parts are welded to each other to form the branch ring 5 .
  • a part of the ring sleeve 7 is integrated with the inner shell 2 , and the other part is integrated with the outer shell 1 , and the two parts are welded to each other to form the ring sleeve 7 .
  • a support ring 11 supported on the inner circumference of the outer shell 1 is also arranged in the vacuum insulation chamber 3, and a hoop 12 is also arranged in the vacuum insulation chamber 3, which is hooped on the periphery of the inner shell 2. .
  • FIGs 11 to 14 show the third specific embodiment of the vacuum tank of the present application.
  • the structure of the vacuum tank is similar to the structure of the vacuum tank in the first and second embodiments, and the main difference is that not only the inner shell 2
  • An annular deformation pleat 2a surrounding the periphery of the tank cavity 4 is integrally provided on the shell wall
  • an annular shell deformation pleat 1a surrounding the periphery of the inner shell 1 is integrally provided on the shell wall of the outer shell 1 . That is, deformation folds are provided on both the shell wall of the inner shell 2 and the shell wall of the outer shell 1 .
  • the vacuum tank of this embodiment is very suitable for the situation where both ends of the vacuum tank are fixed, and the heights of the inner shell and the outer shell are both limited and fixed.
  • the two ends of the vacuum tank are fastened to the outer support frame.
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • FIG. 15 to 18 show the fourth specific embodiment of the vacuum tank of the present application.
  • the structure of the vacuum tank is similar to the structure of the first embodiment, and the main difference lies in the structure of the tank mouth, and the inner and outer shells are located at the tank mouth.
  • the fixed connection method is as follows:
  • the bottom of the outer shell 1 is integrally formed with an outer tube 101 protruding downward
  • the bottom of the inner shell 2 is integrally formed with an inner tube 201 that protrudes downward and is inside the outer tube 101 .
  • the protruding ends of the inner tube 201 and the outer tube 101 are welded to the sealing plate 9, and a part of the vacuum insulation chamber 3 is located between the inner tube 201 and the outer tube 101, and the sealing plate 9 is provided with a liquid drain hole that communicates with the tank cavity 4 9a.
  • the liquid drain hole 9a on the sealing plate 9 corresponds to the lower tank mouth of the vacuum tank.
  • the top of the outer shell 1 is integrally formed with an outer tube 101 protruding upward
  • the top of the inner shell 2 is integrally formed with an inner tube 201 that protrudes upward and is inside the top outer tube 101 .
  • the protruding ends of the top inner tube 201 and the top outer tube 101 are also welded with a sealing plate 9, and a part of the vacuum insulation chamber 3 is located between the top inner tube 201 and the top outer tube 101, and the sealing plate 9 at the top is also made.
  • the liquid drain hole 9a communicated with the tank cavity 4.
  • the liquid drain hole 9a on the top sealing plate 9 corresponds to the upper tank mouth of the vacuum tank.
  • the above two sealing plates 9 are flange plates. Because the upper and lower openings of the vacuum tank are provided with flange structures, it is very convenient to use the bolts 14 and nuts 15 to connect the outer pipe 13 with another flange plate at the end to the outer pipe 13 in actual use.
  • the flanged sealing plate 9 at the mouth of the vacuum tank is tightly connected, so as to connect the external outer pipe 13 with the above-mentioned catheter 10, and the sealing of the connection is not easy to lose temperature, as shown in FIG. 19 .
  • the sealing plate 9 on the top of the vacuum tank is welded with a catheter 10 that passes downward through the top inner pipe 201 and extends into the tank cavity.
  • the catheter 10 is the same as the liquid drain hole 9a on the sealing plate. , so that in some application scenarios, the user can easily draw out the water stored in the tank from the upper tank opening of the vacuum tank by means of the aforementioned catheter 10 .
  • the outer pipe 13 in Fig. 19 is a vacuum pipe.
  • Embodiment 5 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 5:
  • the water temperature (or other liquid temperature) in various parts of the vacuum tank is not uniform, usually the upper water temperature is higher than the lower water temperature, for example: when supplying room temperature water from the bottom outer pipe 13 to the tank, heating equipment is also used. Heat up the water in the tank. Sometimes, we want to pump up the hot water in the tank; other times, we want to pump up the low temperature water in the tank.
  • Figures 20 to 23 show the fifth type of vacuum tank, which has a total of two liquid drain holes 9a opened on the sealing plate 9 at the top of the vacuum tank, and a total length of welded on the sealing plate 9 at the top of the vacuum tank
  • Two unequal catheters 10, both of which pass downward from the flange 9 through the top inner pipe 201 and extend into the tank cavity, and the two catheters 10 are respectively provided in the aforementioned
  • the two liquid drain holes 9a are located and communicated with the two liquid drain holes 9a respectively.
  • the short catheter 10 only extends to the top section of the tank cavity, and the long catheter 10 extends all the way to the bottom section of the tank cavity.
  • the long catheter can be used as an inlet pipe for supplementing normal temperature water
  • the short catheter can be used as an outlet pipe for high temperature water.
  • both the long catheter and the short catheter can be used as water outlet pipes, the long catheter is used to lead out the water with a higher temperature, and the short catheter is used to lead out the water with a relatively low temperature.
  • top section of the tank cavity and “bottom section of the tank cavity” have the following meanings: if the height h of the tank cavity is divided into three equal parts, then the height h/3 above belongs to the top section of the tank cavity, and the lower The height of h/3 belongs to the bottom section of the tank cavity. The height of the remaining h/3 belongs to the middle section of the tank cavity.
  • the sealing plate 9 is no longer a flange plate structure, and the vacuum tank is not connected to the external pipe by using two flange plates fastened to each other as in the fourth embodiment.
  • the two liquid drain holes 9a on the sealing plate 9 are all threaded holes - the hole wall of the liquid drain hole 9a is made with internal threads, when in use, the outer pipe 13 with a threaded end can be screwed into the thread.
  • the liquid drain hole 9a realizes the connection between the outer pipe 13 and the vacuum tank.
  • an assembly hole 9b with an internal thread is opened on the sealing plate 9, and an emptying valve 16 is installed at the assembly hole 9b, so as to lead water to the outside of the tank in a non-refilling state, or Fill the tank with water in the non-watering state.
  • Embodiment 6 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 6
  • FIGS 26 to 29 show the sixth specific embodiment of the vacuum tank of the present application, and its structure is similar to that of the fifth embodiment, and the main differences are:
  • the sealing plate 9 is composed of an upper plate body 901 and a lower plate body 902, and the upper plate body 901 and the lower plate body 902 are flange plates, and the two are detachably and fastened by the bolts 14 and nuts 15 that cooperate with each other.
  • the lower plate body 902 is welded and fixed to the inner shell of the tank (specifically, the inner tube portion at the top of the inner shell) and the outer shell (specifically, the outer tube portion at the top of the outer shell). Welded to fix.
  • the liquid guiding hole 9a on the sealing plate 9 vertically penetrates the above-mentioned upper plate body 901 and the lower plate body 902, and only the hole section of the liquid guiding hole 9a of the upper plate body 901 is provided with an internal thread.
  • the outer pipe 13 with threaded ends can be screwed into the threaded liquid drain hole 9a of the upper plate body 901 to realize the connection between the outer pipe 13 and the vacuum tank.
  • the mounting hole 9b on the sealing plate 9 also passes through the upper plate body 901 and the lower plate body 902 at the same time, and only the hole section of the mounting hole 9b of the upper plate body 901 is provided with internal threads.
  • the emptying valve 16 is screwed into the mounting hole 9b of the upper plate body 901 .
  • the liquid drain hole 9a of the upper plate body 901 has an upwardly extending external thread - the liquid drain hole 9a is upward It protrudes from the upper surface of the sealing plate 9, and its protruding part is made with external threads.
  • the outer pipe 13 with a screw sleeve at the end can be quickly locked and connected with the external thread section of the liquid drain hole, so as to realize the connection between the outer pipe 13 and the vacuum tank.
  • the advantage of this design is that the upper plate body 901 is a detachable structure, and when the connecting thread (inner thread or outer thread) of the liquid guide hole is damaged, the upper plate body 901 can be replaced with a new one.
  • sealing rings are arranged on the periphery of the mounting hole 9b of the lower plate body 902 and the two liquid drain holes 9a sandwiched between the upper and lower plate bodies. 17.
  • a ring groove surrounding the periphery of the liquid drain hole 9 a is provided on the top surface of the lower plate body 902 .
  • the main function of the lower plate body 902 is to connect the catheter 10 and connect the removable upper plate body 902 .
  • the main function of the upper plate body 902 is to facilitate the connection of the outer pipe 13, and can be quickly replaced when the threaded hole in the upper plate body is damaged.
  • Embodiment 7 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 7:
  • FIGS 32 to 35 show the seventh specific embodiment of the vacuum tank of the present application, the structure of which is similar to that of the sixth embodiment, and the main differences are:
  • the two liquid guide holes 9a on the sealing plate 9 and the lower hole segment on the lower plate body 902 are the same hole segment. It is equivalent to combining the two liquid-conducting hole segments on the lower plate body 902 in the sixth embodiment into one large-diameter hole segment, but on the whole, the sealing plate 9 still has two liquid-conducting holes 9a.
  • Two liquid conduits 10 (the upper ends), one long and the other short, extend into the lower hole section of the liquid conduit in the lower plate body 901 , and are welded and fixed to the upper plate body 901 .
  • the main function of the lower plate body 902 is to facilitate the removable upper plate body 902 .
  • the function of the upper plate body 902 is to connect the catheter 10 and facilitate the connection of the external pipe 13 . When the catheter 10 or the threaded hole in the upper plate body is damaged, it can be quickly replaced.
  • Embodiment 8 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 8
  • FIGS 36 to 39 show the eighth specific embodiment of the vacuum tank of the present application, the structure of which is similar to that of the seventh embodiment, and the main differences are:
  • the sealing plate 9 also includes a middle plate body 903 sandwiched between the upper plate body 901 and the lower plate body 902, and the middle plate body 903 is also a flange plate.
  • Two (the upper ends) of the catheters 10 extend into the lower hole section of the liquid guide hole in the lower plate body 901 , and are welded and fixed with the middle plate body 903 .
  • the main function of the lower plate body 902 is to facilitate the connection of the removable middle plate body 903 and the upper plate body 902 .
  • the main purpose of the middle plate body 903 is to connect the catheter 10. When the catheter 10 is damaged, it can be quickly replaced.
  • the main function of the upper plate body 902 is to facilitate the connection of the outer pipe 13, and when the threaded hole in the upper plate body is damaged, it can be quickly replaced.

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Abstract

一种真空罐，其包括：外壳（1），设于外壳（1）内的内壳（2），形成于内壳（2）内部的罐腔（4），以及形成于外壳（1）和内壳（2）之间的真空隔热腔（3）；外壳（1）与内壳（2）在真空罐的底部和顶部均固定连接，并且内壳（2）的壳壁上一体设置有环绕于罐腔（4）外围的环形的变形褶皱（2a）。

Description

罐 技术领域
本申请涉及一种罐。
背景技术
真空罐主要由外壳、内壳，以及形成于外壳和内壳之间的真空隔热腔构成，其具有优秀的隔热保温性能，可长时间存放高温或低温液体，尤其是水。
一般来说，真空罐的保温薄弱部位在于其灌口，在灌口的大小一定时，真空罐的容积越大，其热量散失速度越小。相较于满载热水(或冷水)的小容积真空罐，同样满载热水(或冷水)的大容积真空罐在保温性上优势明显。
然而，传统真空罐的容积普遍较小，这是因为传统罐的内壳悬吊固定在外壳中，而大容积真空罐的外壳和内壳尺寸很大，当罐腔中满载液体后，在罐内大量液体的重力作用下，外壳顶部(悬吊连接处)容易下塌变形，从而使得外壳与内壳贴靠接触，降低罐的保温性能。
以3m直径的真空罐为例，若高度为1m，则储水量为7t，若高度提高到10m，则真空储水量为70t。传统结构的真空罐若为小吨位储水，内壳可通过其顶部悬吊连接在外壳内，而在大吨位储水时，内壳与外壳顶部悬吊连接处的强度不足以支撑内壳和水的重量。
虽然将内壳和外壳在罐底部固定连接可以解决上述问题，但随之又带来了这样的问题：当内壳或外壳之一的温度发生明显改变时，热胀冷缩，胀大或缩小的内壳(或外壳)会对温度和尺寸未明显变化的外壳施加很大的作用力，该作用力使得真空罐发生变形，这种变形又易导致真空隔热腔漏气，失去保温能力。
此外，有些液态物质储存罐的罐口部位设有法兰板，使用时，可借助相互配合的螺栓和螺母将灌口的法兰板与外接管道端部的法兰板紧固连接，从而实现罐与外接管道的连接，以通过该外接管道将罐内液体向外引出，或者通过该外接管道将外部液体物质引流补充至罐内。然而，在管道端部设置法兰板需要花费较高的成本，且端部带法兰的管道与罐口法兰的现场对接比较麻烦。
发明内容
本申请为了解决上述技术问题中的至少之一，提出一种罐。
本申请的技术方案是：
第一方面，本申请提出一种罐，该罐是真空罐，包括：
外壳，
设于所述外壳内的内壳，
形成于所述内壳内部的罐腔，以及
形成于所述外壳和所述内壳之间的真空隔热腔；
所述外壳与所述内壳在所述真空罐的底部和顶部均固定连接，并且所述内壳的壳壁上一体设置有环绕于所述罐腔外围的环形的变形褶皱。
一种可选的设计中，所述变形褶皱是径向外凸或径向内凸的挤压环筋。
一种可选的设计中，所述外壳与所述内壳在所述真空罐的底部通过支环固定连接，所述真空罐的底部设置有竖向贯穿所述外壳、所述内壳和所述支环的下罐口；
一种可选的设计中，所述支环包括一体形成于所述内壳上的上环体和一体形成于所述外壳上的下环体，所述上环体与所述下环体焊接固定；
一种可选的设计中，所述上环体是一体形成于所述内壳上的向下的翻边孔，所述下环体是一体形成于所述外壳上的向上的翻边孔。
一种可选的设计中，所述外壳与所述内壳在所述真空罐的顶部通过环套固定连接，并且所述真空罐的顶部设置有竖向贯通所述外壳、所述内壳和所述环套的上罐口；
所述外壳和所述内壳的顶部分别制有向上翻边的翻边孔，所述环套贴靠套设于所述外壳和所述内壳的所述翻边孔中、并与所述翻边孔的翻边焊接固定。
一种可选的设计中，所述外壳的底部一体形成有向下伸出的外管，所述内壳的底部一体形成有向下伸出且处于所述外管内的内管，所述内管的伸出端与所述外管的伸出端固定连接封板，并且所述真空隔热腔的一部分处于所述内管和所述外管之间，所述封板上制有与所述罐腔相通的走液孔。
一种可选的设计中，所述外壳的顶部一体形成有向上伸出的外管，所述内壳的顶部一体形成有向上伸出且处于所述外管内的内管，所述内管的伸出端与所述外管的伸出端固定连接封板，并且所述真空隔热腔的一部分处于所述内管和所述外管之间，所述封板上制有与所述罐腔相通的走液孔。
一种可选的设计中，所述走液孔设有连接螺纹。
一种可选的设计中，所述封板由：
与所述内管的伸出端及所述外管的伸出端焊接固定的第一板体，以及
与所述第一板体可拆装连接、且处于该第一板体外侧的第二板体构成；
所述走液孔贯通所述第一板体和所述第二板体，所述连接螺纹设于所述第二板体的走液孔上。
一种可选的设计中，所述第二板体上焊接有向下穿过所述第一板体、伸入所述罐腔中的导液管。
一种可选的设计中，所述封板由：
与所述内管的伸出端及所述外管的伸出端焊接固定的第一板体，以及
与所述第一板体可拆装连接、且处于该第一板体外侧的第二板体和第三板体构成；
所述第二板体夹设于所述第一板体和所述第二板体之间，所述走液孔贯通所述第一板体、所述第二板体和所述第三板体，所述连接螺纹设于所述第三板体的走液孔上，所述第二板体上焊接有向下穿过所述第一板体、伸入所述罐腔中的导液管。
第二方面，本申请提出一种罐，该罐是真空罐，包括：
外壳，
设于所述外壳内的内壳，以及
形成于所述外壳和所述内壳之间的真空隔热腔；
所述外壳与所述内壳在所述真空罐的底部固定连接，并且所述外壳的壳壁上一体设置有环绕在所述内壳外围的环形的变形褶皱。
第三方面，本申请提出一种罐，包括：
罐体，
形成于所述罐体内的罐腔，以及
设于所述罐体上的罐口；
所述罐体上固定有将所述罐口封闭的封板，所述封板上贯通设置与所述罐腔相通、且带有连接螺纹的走液孔。
该第三方面提出的罐可以是普通的罐，也可以是真空罐。
一种可选的设计中，所述封板由：
与所述罐体焊接固定的第一板体，以及
与所述第一板体可拆装连接、且处于该第一板体外侧的第二板体构成；
所述走液孔贯通所述第一板体和所述第二板体，所述连接螺纹设于所述第二板体的走液孔上。
一种可选的设计中，所述第二板体上焊接有向内穿过所述第一板体、伸入所述罐腔中的导液管。
一种可选的设计中，所述封板由：
与所述罐体焊接固定的第一板体，以及
与所述第一板体可拆装连接、且处于该第一板体外侧的第二板体和第三板体构成；
所述第二板体夹设于所述第一板体和所述第二板体之间，所述走液孔贯通所述第一板体、所述第二板体和所述第三板体，所述连接螺纹设于所述第三板体的走液孔上，所述第二板体上焊接有向内穿过所述第一板体、伸入所述罐腔中的导液管。
本申请至少具有如下有益效果：
1、根据本申请第一方面及第二方面提出的真空罐，外壳与内壳在真空罐的底部和顶部均固定连接。一方面，外壳的顶部对装水的内壳提供向上的提拉力，另一方面，外壳的底部还对内壳提供向上的支撑力，即便内壳中的储液量达上百吨，也不易出现内壳下坠与外壳大面积接触导热的问题。与此同时，在内壳或外壳的壳壁上一体设置了环绕于罐腔外围的环形的变形褶皱，当内壳或外壳因温度变化而发生尺寸变形时，借助变形褶皱的伸/缩，吸收前述尺寸变形，防止真空罐整体变形漏气而失去保温能力。
2、根据本申请第三方面提出的罐，其罐口处设置带螺纹走液孔的封板，方便了外部管道的连接。封板包括与罐体焊接固定的第一板体以及与第一板体可拆装连接的第二板体，走液孔的连接螺纹具体设置在第二板体上，当导液孔的连接螺纹损坏后，更换新的上板体即可。进一步地，第一板体和第二板体之间还设置可拆装的第三板体，导液管焊接固定于第三板体上，当导液管损坏后，也可快速换新。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅涉及本申请的一些实施例，而非对本申请的限制。
图1是本申请实施例一中真空罐的纵向剖视图；
图2是图1的X1部放大图；
图3是图1的X2部放大图；
图4是图1的X3部放大图；
图5是本申请实施例一中撑环的结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例一中箍环的结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例二中真空罐的纵向剖视图；
图8是图7的X4部放大图；
图9是图7的X5部放大图；
图10是图7的X6部放大图；
图11是本申请实施例三中真空罐的纵向剖视图；
图12是图11的X7部放大图；
图13是图11的X8部放大图；
图14是图11的X9部放大图；
图15是本申请实施例四中真空罐的纵向剖视图；
图16是图15的X10部放大图；
图17是图15的X11部放大图；
图18是图15的X12部放大图；
图19是本申请实施例四中真空罐的使用方法演示图；
图20是本申请实施例五中真空罐顶侧连接外部管路时的纵向剖视图；
图21是图20的X13部放大图；
图22是图20的立体示意图；
图23是本申请实施例五中封板与导液管的配合结构示意图；
图24是本申请实施例五中的第二种真空罐在顶侧连接外部管路时的纵向剖视图；
图25是图24在外部管路移除后的结构示意图；
图26是本申请实施例六中真空罐顶侧连接外部管路时的纵向剖视图；
图27是图26的X14部放大图；
图28是图26的立体示意图；
图29是本申请实施例六中封板与导液管的配合结构示意图；
图30是本申请实施例六中的第二种真空罐在顶侧连接外部管路时的纵向剖视图；
图31是图30在外部管路移除后的结构示意图；
图32是本申请实施例七中真空罐顶侧连接外部管路时的纵向剖视图；
图33是图32的X15部放大图；
图34是图32的立体示意图；
图35是本申请实施例七中封板与导液管的配合结构示意图；
图36是本申请实施例八中真空罐顶侧连接外部管路时的纵向剖视图；
图37是图36的X16部放大图；
图38是图36的立体示意图；
图39是本申请实施例八中封板与导液管的配合结构示意图；
其中：1-外壳，101-外管，1a-外壳变形褶皱，2-内壳，201-内管，2a-变形褶皱，3-真空隔热腔，4-罐腔，5-支环，6-下罐口，7-环套，8-上罐口，9-封板，901-上板体，902-下板体，903-中板体，9a-走液孔，9b-安装孔，10-导液管，11-撑环，11a-撑环加强筋，12-箍环，12a-箍环加强筋，13-外接管；14-螺栓，15-螺母，16-排空阀，17-密封圈。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例的附图，对本申请实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本申请的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在无 需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另作定义，此处使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本申请所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本申请专利申请说明书以及权利要求书中使用的“一个”或者“一”等类似词语，不表示数量限制，而是表示存在至少一个。
本申请说明书和权利要求书中为部件所编序号本身，例如“第一”、“第二”等，仅用于区分所描述的对象，不具有任何顺序或技术含义。且本申请所说“连接”、“联接”，如无特别说明，均包括直接和间接连接(联接)。申请所说“多个”表示不少于两个。
在本申请说明书和权利要求书的描述中，术语“上”、“下”、“水平”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或单元必须具有特定的方向、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此，不能理解为对本申请的限制。
实施例一：
图1至图6示出了一种罐，该罐为真空罐，且是用于储水的水罐，其包括一些传统真空罐所具有的：外壳1，设于外壳内的内壳2，形成于内壳内部的罐腔4、形成于外壳和内壳之间的真空隔热腔3。外壳1和内壳2均为不锈钢材质。
如果同传统方案那样，将真空罐的内壳2悬吊在外壳1中，当罐腔容积较大，储存数十吨甚至上百吨水时，在水重力作用下，内壳2容易下坠变形，与外壳1大面积贴靠接触，使得热量在内壳和外壳之间快速传递，降低罐的保温性。并且，内壳2的下坠变形很可能导致真空隔热腔的密封被破坏而漏气，失去真空隔热能力。
鉴于此，本实施例的真空罐做了这样的改进：外壳1与内壳2在真空罐的顶部固定连接，外壳1与内壳2在真空罐的底部也固定连接。一方面，外壳1的顶部对装水的内壳2提供向上的提拉力；另一方面，外壳1的底部还对内壳2提供向上的支撑力。即便内壳2储存上百吨的水，也不用担忧内壳2的下坠变形问题。
然而，当内壳2与外壳1的顶部和顶部均固定连接，且内壳2的尺寸很大、容积达到几十甚至几百立方时，这样的问题将会非常突显：与罐腔中的热水(或冷水)直接接触的内壳2，温度较高(或较低)。当罐内存放热水时，处于内壳2外围、且隔有真空隔热腔3的外壳1则不会感受到内部热水的温度，外壳1的温度非常显著地低于内壳2，且接近环境温度。而当罐腔中热水温度大值下降或者在罐腔中改存冷水后，内壳2的温度显著较低，外壳1的温度并不会受到内部水温的影响而发生十分明显的变化。内壳2的温度变化范围甚至能够达到上百摄氏度。根据热胀冷缩，内壳2在高温和低温时的尺寸具有明显的差别。处于内壳外围的外壳则不受水温影响，其温度基本维持在较小的范围内。内壳的大尺寸变形，特别是其高 度尺寸的变形，会导致内壳和外壳在二者连接处产生非常大的相互作用力，该作用力使得真空罐发生变形，这种变形又易导致真空隔热腔3漏气，失去保温能力。
还有一种情况：罐腔中的储水温度常年维持在一固定值，而一年中环境温度的变化范围可达数十摄氏度。内壳的尺寸不会发生明显的改变，外壳1的尺寸却在不同时期发生明显的改变，这同样使得真空罐发生变形，导致真空隔热腔3漏气，失去保温能力。
基于上述原因，本申请在该真空罐内壳2的壳壁上一体设置了环绕于罐腔4外围的环形的变形褶皱2a。变形褶皱2a为内壳2壳壁的一部分。
内壳2温度升高时，其壳壁上的变形褶皱2a收缩以吸收内壳的膨胀变形，从而防止内壳的膨胀应力集中在内壳和外壳的连接处导致真空罐变形甚至真空隔热腔漏气。内壳2温度降低时，其壳壁上的变形褶皱2a伸展以补偿内壳的收缩变形，同样避免内壳的收缩应力集中在内壳和外壳的连接处导致真空罐变形甚至真空隔热腔漏气。
外壳温度升高，其尺寸尤其是高度增大时，具有变形褶皱2a的内壳2能够非常轻松地跟随外壳1一同增大。外壳温度降低，其尺寸尤其是高度减小时，具有变形褶皱2a的内壳2又能够非常轻松地跟随外壳1一同减小。避免外壳的伸展或收缩应力集中在内壳和外壳的连接处导致真空罐变形甚至真空隔热腔漏气。
当该真空罐高度较大时，如十米甚至数十米，仅在内壳2上设置一个变形褶皱2a将难以全部吸收/释放内壳的伸缩变形，故而本实施例在内壳2的壳壁上一共设置了多个变形褶皱2a，并且这些变形褶皱2a沿着内壳2的高度方向等距排布。
本实施例中，内壳2是轴线竖直延伸的回转体，变形褶皱2a是与内壳2同轴线布置的圆环结构。
进一步地，变形褶皱2a是一圈径向外凸的挤压环筋，挤压环筋的内周形成有挤压环槽。不难理解，在内壳2壳壁上一体加工出的环形的挤压环筋为弯折结构，相比于金属内壳2平滑的主体部分，弯折结构的挤压环筋具有更优的轴向伸/缩变形能力。
显然，上述变形褶皱2a是也可以是径向内凸的挤压环筋。
前已述及，为了提升真空罐的储水能力，防止该真空罐大量储水后整体变形甚至漏气丢温，而将外壳1和内壳2在真空罐底部和顶部均固定连接。进一步地，该真空罐具有两个罐口，而且这两个罐口分别布置在内、外壳的顶部连接处和底部连接处，具体如下：
外壳1与内壳2在真空罐的底部具体是通过一支环5固定连接的，设置在真空罐底部的那个罐口——下罐口6，竖向贯穿外壳1、内壳2和支环5。外壳1与内壳2在真空罐的顶部具体是通过一环套7固定连接的，设置在真空罐顶部的那个罐口——上罐口8，竖向贯穿外壳1、内壳2和环套7。
在本实施例中，上述支环5分别与内壳2和外壳1焊接固定，上述环套7也分别于内壳2和外壳1焊接固定。为了提升内、外壳在下方支环5和上方环套7连接处的密封性，可在它们的连接处设置粘合剂。当然，如果粘合剂的粘合强度够大，甚至可以直接将支环5分别与内壳2和外壳1粘接固定，直接将环套7分别与内壳2和外壳1粘接固定。
为方便环套7与内、外壳的焊接，并提升焊接强度，外壳1和内壳2的顶部分别制有向上翻边的翻边孔，环套7贴靠套设于翻边孔中、并与翻边孔的翻边焊接固定。
由上可知，在本实施例中，支环5、环套7都是与内壳2、外壳1分体并连接的第三部件。除此之外，我们还可以采用这种形式的支环5和环套7：
支环5包括一体形成于内壳2上的上环体和一体形成于外壳1上的下环体，上环体与下环体焊接固定。即支环5的一部分与内壳2为一体，另一部分与外壳1为一体，两部分相互焊接形成支环5。进一步地，上环体可以是一体形成于内壳2上的向下的翻边孔，下环体可以是一体形成于外壳1上的向上的翻边孔。上方的环套7包括一体形成于内壳2上的上环体和一体形成于外壳1上的下环体，套环的上环体与下环体焊接固定。即环套7的一部分与内壳2为一体，另一部分与外壳1为一体，两部分相互焊接形成环套7。
此外，该真空罐的外壳1尺寸较大时，外壳1在外力作用下(更何况外壳内侧为负压环境)极易向内凹陷变形，进而导致外壳1与内壳2大面积贴靠接触，使得热量在内壳和外壳之间快速传递，降低罐的保温性能。虽然增加外壳1的厚度可以很好地解决前述问题，但随之带来诸如用料多、制作成本高、罐体笨重难以移动等各种问题。而且制作大尺寸外壳时，若对其进行热处理以提升结构强度，一定会导致外壳的圆度变差，进而导致最终成型的外壳1的承压能力变弱。
鉴于此，本实施例舍弃了增加外壳1厚度的方案，而是在真空隔热腔3中布置了支撑于外壳1内周的撑环11，以在外壳1径向内凹时撑住外壳，提升外壳的抗变形能力。
为方便外壳1和撑环11的制作和安装，并保证外壳1及撑环11各个部位承受的压力尽可能均匀一致，外壳1采用近似圆筒的回转体结构，撑环8采用与前述回转体同轴布置的圆环结构。
如果撑环11仅设置一个，那么远离该撑环11的外壳部分仍存在承压能力较差的问题。基于此，本实施例在外壳1内周一共套设了众多撑环11，并且这些撑环11沿着外壳1的高度方向自外壳的内底部向外壳的内顶部依次紧挨排布。这些相互紧挨布置的撑环11由外壳1包裹定位，外围的外壳1主要起密封以及定位撑环的作用，内侧的撑环11才是主要的承压件，从而使得外壳1可以做的很薄，便于加工成型。
撑环11是高强度钢材质的圆环，其具有极强的承压抗变形能力。
撑环11上一体设置有位于撑环内周、且与撑环同轴布置的撑环加强筋11a，如图2和图5。内周带有撑环加强筋11a的撑环8具有更高的承压能力。本实施例中，前述撑环加强筋11a是通过对撑环11挤压加工而形成的挤压凸起。
当内壳2温度较高或者内壳内部压力较大时，会产生向外扩张的径向变形，更何况内壳2外围为低压的真空环境。如果这种扩张变形过大，将导致内壳2与外壳1大面积贴靠，使得热量在内壳和外壳之间快速传递，降低该真空罐的保温性能。此外，如果内壳2长期承受内部高压，内壳2还存在因疲劳变形而破损的风险。
基于此因，本实施例在内壳2的外围固定套设有位于真空隔热腔3中的箍环12，以在内壳2径向外扩时箍住内壳，提升内壳2的抗压能力，减小内壳2的外扩变形量。
前已述及，内壳2是轴线竖直延伸的回转体，所以在使用时其内壁各个部位承受的外扩压力基本均匀一致，抗变形能力佳。为了让箍环12各个部位承受的外扩压力也均匀一致，从而更好地提升内壳的抗变形，箍环12采用了与内壳2同轴布置的圆环结构。
如果箍环12仅设置一个，那么远离该箍环12的内壳2部分仍存在承压能力较差、易疲劳变形的问题。鉴于此，本实施例在内壳12外围套设了多个箍环4，并将这些箍环4且沿着内壳2的高度方向均匀间隔排布。
上述箍环12也是高强度钢材质、具有极强抗压抗变形能力的圆环。制作时，可对高强度钢材质的箍环12和撑环11做热处理，以提升箍环12和撑环11的结构强度。
箍环12上一体设置有位于箍环外周、且与箍环同轴布置的箍环加强筋12a，如图2和图6。外周带有箍环加强筋12a的箍环12具有更大的强度。本实施例中，箍环加强筋12a是通过对箍环12挤压加工而形成的挤压凸起。
为防止箍环12从内壳2上脱离，可将箍环12与内壳2粘结固定。
实施例二：
图7至图10示出了本申请这种真空罐的第二个具体实施例，该真空罐的结构与实施例一中真空罐结构相似，主要不同在于：在本实施例中，内壳2的壳壁上并未设置吸收/释放形变的变形褶皱，而是在外壳1的壳壁上一体设置了环绕在内壳2外围的环形的变形褶皱。为方面说明技术方案，现将外壳1上的变形褶皱称为外壳变形褶皱1a。
外壳1温度升高时，其壳壁上的外壳变形褶皱1a收缩以吸收外壳的膨胀变形，从而防止外壳的膨胀应力集中在内壳和外壳的连接处导致真空罐变形甚至真空隔热腔漏气。外壳1温度降低时，其壳壁上的外壳变形褶皱1a伸展以补偿外壳的收缩变形，同样避免外壳的收缩应力集中在内壳和外壳的连接处导致真空罐变形甚至真空隔热腔漏气。
内壳温度升高，其尺寸尤其是高度增大时，具有外壳变形褶皱1a的外壳1能够非常轻松 地跟随内壳2一同增大。内壳温度降低，其尺寸尤其是高度减小时，具有外壳变形褶皱1a的外壳1又能够非常轻松地跟随内壳2一同减小。避免外壳的伸展或收缩应力集中在内壳和外壳的连接处导致真空罐变形甚至真空隔热腔漏气。
若该真空罐高度较大，仅在外壳1上设置一个外壳变形褶皱1a将难以全部吸收/释放内壳的伸缩变形，故而本实施例在外壳1的壳壁上一共设置了多个外壳变形褶皱1a，并且这些外壳变形褶皱1a沿着外壳1的高度方向等距排布。
外壳1是轴线竖直延伸的近似圆筒的回转体，变形褶皱2a是与外壳1同轴线布置的圆环结构。
与实施例一内壳上变形褶皱的结构形式相同，上述外壳变形褶皱1a也是一圈径向外凸的挤压环筋，挤压环筋的内周形成有挤压环槽。当然，该外壳变形褶皱是也可以采用径向内凸的挤压环筋。
本实施在真空隔热腔3中也布置了箍于内壳2外围的箍环12，不过并未设置支撑外壳1的撑环。这是因为挤压环筋结构的外壳变形褶皱1a本身就具有很好的径向承压强度，即便不在外壳1内设置撑环，单单利用挤压环筋支撑外壳1外壳，也能够有效防止外壳在真空吸力或者外部力作用下向内塌陷变形而与内壳贴靠导热。
与实施例一相同，外壳1与内壳2在真空罐的底部具体是通过一支环5固定连接的，设置在真空罐底部的那个罐口——下罐口6，竖向贯穿外壳1、内壳2和支环5。外壳1与内壳2在真空罐的顶部具体是通过一环套7固定连接的，设置在真空罐顶部的那个罐口——上罐口8，竖向贯穿外壳1、内壳2和环套7。
同样地，支环5和环套7也可以采用这种结构：支环5的一部分与内壳2为一体，另一部分与外壳1为一体，两部分相互焊接形成支环5。环套7的一部分与内壳2为一体，另一部分与外壳1为一体，两部分相互焊接形成环套7。
与实施例一相同，本实施在真空隔热腔3中也布置了支撑于外壳1内周的撑环11，同时在真空隔热腔3中也布置了箍于内壳2外围的箍环12。
实施例三：
图11至图14示出了本申请这种真空罐的第三个具体实施例，该真空罐的结构与实施例一和实施例二中真空罐结构相似，主要不同在于：不仅内壳2的壳壁上一体设置了环绕于罐腔4外围的环形的变形褶皱2a，同时外壳1的壳壁上一体设置了环绕于内壳1外围的环形的外壳变形褶皱1a。即内壳2的壳壁和外壳1的壳壁上都设置了变形褶皱。
本实施例的真空罐非常适用于这样的情形：真空罐的两端被固定，其内壳和外壳的高度均被限制固定。比如真空罐的两端被紧固在外部的支撑架上。
实施例四：
图15至图18示出了本申请这种真空罐的第四个具体实施例，该真空罐的结构与实施例一结构相似，主要不同在于罐口的结构，以及内、外壳在罐口处的固定连接方式，具体如下：
外壳1的底部一体形成有向下伸出的外管101，内壳2的底部一体形成有向下伸出且处于所述外管101内的内管201。内管201和外管101的伸出端焊接封板9，并且真空隔热腔3的一部分处于内管201和外管101之间，封板9上开设了与罐腔4相通的走液孔9a。封板9上的走液孔9a相当于该真空罐的下罐口。
外壳1的顶部一体形成有向上伸出的外管101，内壳2的顶部一体形成有向上伸出且处于顶部外管101内的内管201。顶部内管201和顶部外管101的伸出端也焊接一封板9，并且真空隔热腔3的一部分处于顶部内管201和顶部外管101之间，顶部的封板9上也制有与罐腔4相通的走液孔9a。顶部封板9上的走液孔9a相当于该真空罐的上罐口。
本实施例中，上述的两块封板9均为法兰板。因为真空罐的上罐口和下罐口都带有法兰结构，所以其在实际使用时，能够非常方便地借助螺栓14和螺母15将端部带有另一法兰板的外接管13与该真空罐罐口位置的法兰式封板9紧固连接，从而将外部的外接管13与上述导液管10连通，而且连接处密封不易丢温，如图19所示。
此外，本实施例在真空罐顶部的封板9上焊接有向下穿过顶部内管201、伸入罐腔中的导液管10，导液管10与封板上的走液孔9a相同，以在一些应用场景下，使用者能够借助前述导液管10非常方便地从真空罐的上罐口引出罐内储水。
图19中的外接管13为真空管。
实施例五：
因为在有些情况下，真空罐内各个部位的水温(或其他液体温度)并非均匀一致，通常上层水温大于下层水温，比如：从底部外接管13向罐内供应常温水的同时，还借助加热设备对罐内的水加热升温。有时候，我们希望向上抽取罐内的高温水；另一些时候，我们希望向上抽取罐内的低温水。
基于此，图20至图23示出了第五种真空罐，其在真空罐顶部的封板9上一共开设了两个走液孔9a，并于真空罐顶部封板9上一共焊接了长度不等的两根导液管10，这两根导液管10都自法兰9处向下穿过顶部内管201、伸入罐腔中，而且这两根导液管10分别设于前述两个走液孔9a位置、并分别与这两个走液孔9a相通。短的那根导液管10仅伸至罐腔的顶段，长的那根导液管10一直伸至罐腔的底段。当该罐用于暂存并加热其储存的水时，可将长导液管作为补充常温水的进水管，短导液管用作引出高温水的出水管。当然，也可以将长导液管和短导液管都作为出水管，长导液管用于引出温度较高的水，短导液管用于引出温度相对较 低的水。
前述“罐腔的顶段”、“罐腔的底段”具有这样的含义：若将罐腔的高度h等分为三份，那么上方h/3的高度都属于罐腔的顶段，下方h/3的高度都属于罐腔的底段。其余h/3的高度属于罐腔的中段。
本实施例中，封板9不再是法兰板结构，使用时不再同实施例四那样采用相互紧固的两块法兰板将该真空罐与外接管连接。取而代之的是：封板9上的两个走液孔9a均为螺纹孔——走液孔9a的孔壁上制有内螺纹，使用时，可将端部带螺纹的外接管13旋入螺纹走液孔9a，实现外接管13与该真空罐的连接。
此外，我们也可以采用图24所示的这种方式快速连接罐和外接管13，在图24中，走液孔9a的上孔段向上凸出于封板9上表面，且其凸出部制有外螺纹。使用时，可将端部带有螺套的外接管13与走液孔的外螺纹段快速锁紧对接，实现外接管13与该真空罐的连接。
另外，本实施例在封板9上还开有一个带内螺纹的装配孔9b，并于该装配孔9b处安装了一个排空阀16，以便在非补水状态下向罐外引出水，或者在非出水状态下向罐内补水。
实施例六：
图26至图29示出了本申请真空罐的第六个具体实施例，其结构与实施例五相似，主要不同在于：
封板9由上板体901和下板体902构成，且上板体901和下板体902均为法兰板，二者通过相互配合的螺栓14和螺母15可拆卸紧固连接。下板体902与罐的内壳(具体为内壳顶部的内管部分)和外壳(具体为外壳顶部的外管部分)焊接固定，一长一短两根导液管10与下板体902焊接固定。
封板9上导液孔9a竖向贯通前述上板体901和下板体902，仅上板体901的导液孔9a孔段设有内螺纹。使用时，可将端部带螺纹的外接管13旋入上板体901的螺纹走液孔9a，实现外接管13与该真空罐的连接。
相似地，封板9上安装孔9b也同时贯通上板体901和下板体902，而且仅上板体901的安装孔9b孔段制有内螺纹。排空阀16螺纹旋接于上板体901的安装孔9b中。
当然，我们也可以采用图30所示的这种方式快速连接罐和外接管13，在图30中，上板体901的走液孔9a具有一段向上延伸的外螺纹——走液孔9a向上凸出于封板9上表面，且其凸出部制有外螺纹。使用时，可将端部带有螺套的外接管13与走液孔的外螺纹段快速锁紧对接，实现外接管13与该真空罐的连接。
相比于实施例五，如此设计的优势在于：上板体901为可拆装结构，当导液孔的连接螺纹(内螺纹或外螺纹)损坏后，更换新的上板体901即可。
为避免上板体901和下板体902对接处漏液，本实施例在下板体902的安装孔9b和两个走液孔9a的外围均布置了夹在上、下板体之间密封圈17。
为便于上述密封圈17的定位，在下板体902的顶面设置了环绕在走液孔9a外围的环槽。装配完成后，密封圈17嵌于前述环槽中、且夹在上板体和下板体之间。
可见，下板体902的主要作用于在于连接导液管10，以及连接可拆装的上板体902。上板体902的主要作用在于便于连接外接管13，而且当其内的螺纹孔损坏后，可快速换新。
实施例七：
图32至图35示出了本申请真空罐的第七个具体实施例，其结构与实施例六相似，主要不同在于：
封板9上两个导液孔9a，在下板体902上的下孔段为同一孔段。相当于将实施例六中下板体902上的两导液孔孔段孔合为一个大孔径孔段，不过在整体上，封板9仍具有两个导液孔9a。一长一短两根导液管10(的上端)伸入下板体901中的导液孔下孔段，与上板体901焊接固定。
可见，下板体902的主要作用于在于方便可拆装的上板体902。上板体902的作用在于连接导液管10，以及便于连接外接管13。当导液管10或者上板体内的螺纹孔损坏后，可快速换新。
实施例八：
图36至图39示出了本申请真空罐的第八个具体实施例，其结构与实施例七相似，主要不同在于：
封板9还包括夹于上板体901和下板体902之间的中板体903，该中板体903也是法兰板。
一长一短两根导液管10(的上端)伸入下板体901中的导液孔下孔段，与中板体903焊接固定。
下板体902的主要作用于在于方便连接可拆装的中板体903和上板体902。中板体903的主要用于在于连接导液管10，当导液管10损坏后，可快速换新。上板体902的主要作用在于便于连接外接管13，当上板体内的螺纹孔损坏后，可快速换新。
需要说明的是，虽然在图20至图39所示出的实施例五至实施例八中，真空罐底部并没有设置向下延伸的内管、外管以及与内管、外管固定的封板，但本领域技术人员在实施例四的启发下，显然能够轻易地知晓：如何在实施例五至实施例八中，于真空罐底部设置与真空罐顶部类似的内管、外管和封板结构。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种真空罐，包括：
    外壳(1)，
    设于所述外壳内的内壳(2)，
    形成于所述内壳内部的罐腔(4)，以及
    形成于所述外壳和所述内壳之间的真空隔热腔(3)；
    其特征在于，所述外壳(1)与所述内壳(2)在所述真空罐的底部和顶部均固定连接，并且所述内壳(2)的壳壁上一体设置有环绕于所述罐腔(4)外围的环形的变形褶皱(2a)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的真空罐，其特征在于，所述变形褶皱(2a)是径向外凸或径向内凸的挤压环筋。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的真空罐，其特征在于，所述外壳(1)与所述内壳(2)在所述真空罐的底部通过支环(5)固定连接，所述真空罐的底部设置有竖向贯穿所述外壳(1)、所述内壳(2)和所述支环(5)的下罐口(6)；
    所述支环(5)包括一体形成于所述内壳(2)上的上环体和一体形成于所述外壳(1)上的下环体，所述上环体与所述下环体焊接固定；
    所述上环体是一体形成于所述内壳(2)上的向下的翻边孔，所述下环体是一体形成于所述外壳(1)上的向上的翻边孔。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的真空罐，其特征在于，所述外壳(1)与所述内壳(2)在所述真空罐的顶部通过环套(7)固定连接，并且所述真空罐的顶部设置有竖向贯通所述外壳(1)、所述内壳(2)和所述环套(7)的上罐口(8)；
    所述外壳(1)和所述内壳(2)的顶部分别制有向上翻边的翻边孔，所述环套(7)贴靠套设于所述外壳和所述内壳的所述翻边孔中、并与所述翻边孔的翻边焊接固定。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的真空罐，其特征在于，所述外壳(1)的底部一体形成有向下伸出的外管(101)，所述内壳(2)的底部一体形成有向下伸出且处于所述外管(101)内的内管(201)，所述内管(201)的伸出端与所述外管(101)的伸出端固定连接封板(9)，并且所述真空隔热腔(3)的一部分处于所述内管(201)和所述外管(101)之间，所述封板(9)上制有与所述罐腔(4)相通的走液孔(9a)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的真空罐，其特征在于，所述外壳(1)的顶部一体形成有向上伸出的外管(101)，所述内壳(2)的顶部一体形成有向上伸出且处于所述外管(101)内的内管(201)，所述内管(201)的伸出端与所述外管(101)的伸出端固定连接封板(9)，并且所述真空隔热腔(3)的一部分处于所述内管(201)和所述外管(101)之间，所述封板(9)上制有与所述罐腔(4)相通的走液孔。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的真空罐，其特征在于，所述走液孔(9a)设有连接螺纹。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的真空罐，其特征在于，所述封板(9)由：
    与所述内管(201)的伸出端及所述外管(101)的伸出端焊接固定的第一板体，以及
    与所述第一板体可拆装连接、且处于该第一板体外侧的第二板体构成；
    所述走液孔(9a)贯通所述第一板体和所述第二板体，所述连接螺纹设于所述第二板体的走液孔上。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的真空罐，其特征在于，当权利要求7引用权利要求6时，所述第二板体上焊接有向下穿过所述第一板体、伸入所述罐腔(4)中的导液管(10)。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的真空罐，其特征在于，当权利要求7引用权利要求6时，所述封板(9)由：
    与所述内管(201)的伸出端及所述外管(101)的伸出端焊接固定的第一板体，以及
    与所述第一板体可拆装连接、且处于该第一板体外侧的第二板体和第三板体构成；
    所述第二板体夹设于所述第一板体和所述第二板体之间，所述走液孔(9a)贯通所述第一板体、所述第二板体和所述第三板体，所述连接螺纹设于所述第三板体的走液孔上，所述第二板体上焊接有向下穿过所述第一板体、伸入所述罐腔(4)中的导液管(10)。
  11. 一种真空罐，包括：
    外壳(1)，
    设于所述外壳内的内壳(2)，以及
    形成于所述外壳和所述内壳之间的真空隔热腔(3)；
    其特征在于，所述外壳(1)与所述内壳(2)在所述真空罐的底部固定连接，并且所述外壳(1)的壳壁上一体设置有环绕在所述内壳(2)外围的环形的变形褶皱。
  12. 一种罐，包括：
    罐体，
    形成于所述罐体内的罐腔(4)，以及
    设于所述罐体上的罐口；
    其特征在于，所述罐体上固定有将所述罐口封闭的封板(9)，所述封板(9)上贯通设置与所述罐腔(4)相通、且带有连接螺纹的走液孔(9a)。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的罐，其特征在于，
    所述封板(9)由：
    与所述罐体焊接固定的第一板体，以及
    与所述第一板体可拆装连接、且处于该第一板体外侧的第二板体构成；
    所述走液孔(9a)贯通所述第一板体和所述第二板体，所述连接螺纹设于所述第二板体的走液孔上。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的罐，其特征在于，所述第二板体上焊接有向内穿过所述第一板体、伸入所述罐腔(4)中的导液管(10)。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的罐，其特征在于，所述封板(9)由：
    与所述罐体焊接固定的第一板体，以及
    与所述第一板体可拆装连接、且处于该第一板体外侧的第二板体和第三板体构成；
    所述第二板体夹设于所述第一板体和所述第二板体之间，所述走液孔(9a)贯通所述第一板体、所述第二板体和所述第三板体，所述连接螺纹设于所述第三板体的走液孔上，所述第二板体上焊接有向内穿过所述第一板体、伸入所述罐腔(4)中的导液管(10)。
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