WO2018139704A1 - Procédé de formation de film mince de silicium polycristallin - Google Patents

Procédé de formation de film mince de silicium polycristallin Download PDF

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WO2018139704A1
WO2018139704A1 PCT/KR2017/002623 KR2017002623W WO2018139704A1 WO 2018139704 A1 WO2018139704 A1 WO 2018139704A1 KR 2017002623 W KR2017002623 W KR 2017002623W WO 2018139704 A1 WO2018139704 A1 WO 2018139704A1
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thin film
oxide layer
polycrystalline silicon
metal layer
silicon thin
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Korean (ko)
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윤종환
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강원대학교산학협력단
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02107Forming insulating materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02225Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
    • H01L21/0226Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
    • H01L21/02263Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase
    • H01L21/02271Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition
    • H01L21/02274Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition in the presence of a plasma [PECVD]
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    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02107Forming insulating materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02109Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
    • H01L21/02112Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
    • H01L21/02172Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing at least one metal element, e.g. metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides or metal carbides
    • H01L21/02175Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing at least one metal element, e.g. metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides or metal carbides characterised by the metal
    • H01L21/02178Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing at least one metal element, e.g. metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides or metal carbides characterised by the metal the material containing aluminium, e.g. Al2O3
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    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
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    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518Deposited layers
    • H01L21/02521Materials
    • H01L21/02524Group 14 semiconducting materials
    • H01L21/02532Silicon, silicon germanium, germanium
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    • H01L21/02365Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518Deposited layers
    • H01L21/02587Structure
    • H01L21/0259Microstructure
    • H01L21/02595Microstructure polycrystalline
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    • H01L21/18Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H01L21/28Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
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    • H01L21/18Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H01L21/28Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
    • H01L21/28008Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes
    • H01L21/28017Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon
    • H01L21/28158Making the insulator
    • H01L21/28229Making the insulator by deposition of a layer, e.g. metal, metal compound or poysilicon, followed by transformation thereof into an insulating layer
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    • H01L21/04Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/18Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H01L21/28Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
    • H01L21/283Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
    • H01L21/285Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation
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    • H01L21/18Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H01L21/28Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
    • H01L21/283Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
    • H01L21/285Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation
    • H01L21/28506Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers
    • H01L21/28512Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
    • H01L21/28556Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table by chemical means, e.g. CVD, LPCVD, PECVD, laser CVD
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    • H01L21/04Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/18Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H01L21/30Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
    • H01L21/324Thermal treatment for modifying the properties of semiconductor bodies, e.g. annealing, sintering

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of forming a polycrystalline silicon thin film.
  • Silicon has been widely applied as a semiconductor device in electronic devices because of its economic advantages of raw materials and easy integration with existing devices.
  • polycrystalline silicon thin films have a contact resistance with a metal and thermoelectric photoelectric properties. Due to the characteristics of photoelectronic properties and high conversion efficiency, application possibilities are emerging for manufacturing devices such as solar cells and transistors.
  • Korean Patent Publication No. 10-1011806 (filed date: April 30, 2009, published date: January 24, 2011) is given below.
  • Technology has been proposed to form a polycrystalline silicon thin film using amorphous silicon.
  • the prior art uses a metal induced crystallization method (MIC) to induce crystallization of amorphous silicon by coating a metal catalyst, that is, a metal layer on the amorphous silicon and then heat treatment.
  • MIC metal induced crystallization method
  • MIC metal induction crystallization method
  • a double layer composed of an aluminum layer and an amorphous silicon layer deposited on the substrate is annealed at a temperature below the Al-Si alloy-based eutectic temperature ( ⁇ 557 ° C.), where amorphous Si atoms separated from the silicon layer diffuse into the aluminum layer across the oxide layer located at the interface between the aluminum layer and the amorphous silicon layer, and then Si nucleation occurs in the Al layer.
  • a problem of this process is that the oxide layer formed on the aluminum layer, that is, the difficulty of controlling the formation of the aluminum oxide layer and the high cost of manufacturing the amorphous silicon layer are involved.
  • the layer exchange between the amorphous silicon layer and the metal layer is not performed, so that the crystallization of the amorphous silicon is not performed smoothly.
  • prior art requires forming an oxide layer separately from depositing a metal layer and an amorphous silicon layer on a substrate in order to achieve a layer exchange between the metal layer and the amorphous silicon layer in forming a polycrystalline silicon thin film. It had to be included.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method of forming a polycrystalline silicon thin film in which the formation process is simplified by replacing amorphous silicon and solving the above problems.
  • a method of forming a polycrystalline silicon thin film includes depositing a metal layer on a substrate, which serves as a catalyst for forming the polycrystalline silicon thin film; A silicon oxide layer deposition step of depositing a silicon oxide layer on the metal layer deposited in the metal layer deposition step; And annealing to heat-treat the polycrystalline silicon thin film layer to be formed on the substrate on which the metal layer and the silicon oxide layer are deposited through the metal layer deposition step and the silicon oxide layer deposition step.
  • the metal layer may be aluminum (Al).
  • the silicon oxide layer deposition step may use a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD, "PECVD”) method.
  • PECVD plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
  • the silicon oxide layer deposition step by placing the substrate on which the metal layer is deposited in the metal layer deposition step in a PECVD reactor, and supplying a mixed gas in the PECVD reactor to deposit a silicon oxide layer on the metal layer, the mixing
  • the gas may include xylene (SiH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O).
  • the metal layer is exposed to an oxygen plasma generated by oxygen atoms included in the mixed gas such that an oxide layer is formed at an interface between the metal layer and the silicon oxide layer. Can be formed.
  • the silicon oxide layer is a Si-rich oxide (Si-rich oxide) is SiO x , where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.
  • the annealing step may be annealed at a temperature below the Al-Si alloy eutectic temperature range.
  • the annealing step may be annealed at a temperature within the range of 500 °C to 600 °C.
  • the substrate on which the polycrystalline silicon thin film is formed may be manufactured by the aforementioned polycrystalline silicon thin film forming method.
  • the solar cell may be manufactured using the substrate on which the polycrystalline silicon thin film is formed.
  • a transistor can be manufactured using a substrate on which a polycrystalline silicon thin film is formed.
  • the mixed gas (SiH 4 + N 2 O) to be supplied in the course of using the plasma chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method depositing a silicon layer (SiO x) oxidizing the metal layer upper portion
  • the oxide layer is naturally formed on the metal layer by the oxygen plasma generated by the oxygen atom, which is a process of forming the polycrystalline silicon thin film because the oxide layer is naturally formed during the formation of the silicon oxide in the silicon oxide layer deposition step.
  • the polycrystalline silicon thin film forming method of the present invention can also reduce the manufacturing cost of a solar cell or a transistor manufactured using a substrate on which a polycrystalline silicon thin film is formed.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of forming a polycrystalline silicon thin film according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram schematically showing a method of forming a polycrystalline silicon thin film according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a substrate on which a metal layer, an oxide layer, and a silicon oxide layer are deposited to form a polycrystalline silicon thin film according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4 (a) is then annealed at 550 °C for 5 hours, EDX (energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy ) SiO 1 .45 for measurement (220nm) / Al (60nm) / glass cross-section of the sample TEM (transmission electron consisting of microscope image. I, II, III, and IV shown are identifiers for identifying layers.
  • 4 (b), 4 (c) and 4 (d) show an energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping distribution of Si, O and Al atoms, respectively.
  • FIG. 4 (e) shows the positional distribution of Si, O, and Al atoms determined by EDX line scanning along the line shown in FIG. 4 (a).
  • FIG. 5 (a) is then annealed at 550 °C for 5 hours, an optical microscope image of a sample consisting of SiO 1 .45 (220nm) / Al (60nm) / glass (optical microscopic image). Red dots and markers indicate Raman measurement points.
  • FIG. 5 (b) shows Raman spectra measured at different points shown in FIG. 5 (a).
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of forming a polycrystalline silicon thin film according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating a method of forming a polycrystalline silicon thin film according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • the polycrystalline silicon thin film forming method using a silicon oxide thin film according to an embodiment of the present invention is a metal layer deposition step (S100), silicon oxide layer deposition step (S200) and annealing step (S300) It may include.
  • the metal layer deposition step S100 is a step of depositing the metal layer 120 on the substrate 110.
  • the metal layer 120 may act as a catalyst for forming the polycrystalline silicon thin film.
  • the metal layer 120 may be made of aluminum (Al).
  • the deposition of the metal layer 120 may be performed by a thermal vapeation method at room temperature, but is not limited thereto.
  • the metal layer 120 may have a thickness of about 60 nm.
  • a glass substrate may be used as the substrate 110, and when the glass substrate is used as the substrate 110, a Corning No. 7059 glass substrates may be used.
  • the buffer layer deposition step (not shown) may be preceded by the metal layer deposition step S100, but the buffer layer deposition step (not shown) may be omitted since the buffer layer SiO 2 is a component such as glass.
  • Silicon oxide layer deposition step (S200) is a step of depositing the silicon oxide layer 140 on the metal layer 120 deposited on the substrate 110 in the above-described metal layer forming step (S100).
  • the silicon oxide layer deposition step (S200) may be formed using a PECVD method.
  • the silicon oxide layer deposition step (S200) is located in the above-described metal layer deposition step (S100) the substrate coated with the metal layer 110 in a PECVD reactor capable of vacuum formation, and supplies a mixed gas in the PECVD reactor.
  • the mixed gas is ionized by the electrode generating the plasma in the PECVD reactor, and the ionized mixed gas reaches the substrate on which the metal layer located in the PECVD reactor is deposited to deposit the silicon oxide layer 140.
  • the silicon oxide layer 140 may have a thickness of about 220 nm.
  • the mixed gas may be made of 5% xylene (SiH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) diluted with nitrogen, and SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) having different x values depending on the mixing ratio of the two gases. That is, the silicon oxide layer 140 may be formed.
  • xylene (SiH 4 ) gas may be used by mixing expensive xylene (SiH 4 ) gas with nitrous oxide (N 2 O) to reduce the manufacturing cost of polycrystalline silicon thin film formation.
  • SiO 1 .45 done, but not limited thereto.
  • the temperature of the substrate 110 may be maintained at 200 ° C. to 400 ° C., preferably about 300 ° C., during the PECVD method.
  • the silicon oxide layer 140 is preferably an oxide containing excess Si, that is, a Si rich oxide having SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2).
  • oxygen ions in a plasma state generated by ionization of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) in the PECVD reactor are deposited on the metal layer 120, that is, on the substrate. , May react with aluminum (Al).
  • aluminum (Al), that is, aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), that is, the oxide layer 130 is formed on the metal layer 120.
  • aluminum oxide may be formed while the silicon oxide layer 140 is deposited, and the silicon oxide layer 140 may be formed on the aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ).
  • the present invention is a metal layer in the silicon oxide layer deposition step (S200) without forming a separate oxide layer 130
  • An oxide layer 130 may be formed at an interface between the 120 and the silicon oxide thin film layer 150.
  • Annealing step (S300) is a heat treatment to form a polycrystalline silicon thin film layer 220 on the substrate 110, the metal layer 120, the silicon oxide layer 140 is deposited through the above-described metal layer deposition step and silicon oxide layer deposition step Step.
  • the substrate 110 on which the silicon oxide layer 140 and the metal layer 120 are deposited is placed in a quartz tube reactor using high purity nitrogen (99.999%) as an ambient gas, and the Al-Si alloy-based eutectic temperature ( ⁇ Heat treatment, that is, annealing, at a temperature of 577 ° C. or less.
  • ⁇ Heat treatment that is, annealing, at a temperature of 577 ° C. or less.
  • the oxide layer 130 formed as the silicon oxide layer 140 is deposited, that is, aluminum oxide, is a metal atom of the metal layer 120, that is, aluminum (Al) acts as a catalyst.
  • the silicon oxide layer 140 may act as a diffusion path that is diffused into the silicon oxide layer 140, and the oxide layer 130 may contribute to layer exchange between the silicon oxide layer 140 and the metal layer 120.
  • the heating rate in the annealing step (S300) was maintained at a constant 5 °C / min as an example, the substrate 110 on which the silicon oxide layer 140, the metal layer 120 and the like is deposited within the range of 500 °C to 600 °C Heat treatment at temperature.
  • the diffusion of the material through the oxide layer 130 may not be performed well, on the contrary, when the temperature is higher than the above-mentioned range, the silicon oxide layer 140, the metal layer ( 120 may cause damage to the deposited substrate 110.
  • the above-described range may be directly connected to the crystallinity of the polycrystalline silicon thin film layer 220 formed through annealing.
  • the polycrystalline silicon thin film layer 220 formed when heat-treated at 550 ° C. for 5 hours is used.
  • the crystallinity of was excellent.
  • the cooling rate may also be maintained at 5 ° C./min, as described above, and when the temperature of the substrate 110 on which the silicon oxide layer 140 and the metal layer 120 are deposited is less than 100 ° C., the quartz tube reactor Can be taken out from within.
  • the polycrystalline silicon thin film layer 220 may be formed on the substrate.
  • the substrate 200 in which the polycrystalline silicon thin film is formed may be manufactured by the aforementioned polycrystalline silicon thin film forming method, and the solar cell, the transistor, and the like may be manufactured using the substrate 200 in which the polycrystalline silicon thin film is formed.
  • 4 (a) is then annealed at 550 °C for 5 hours, EDX (energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy ) SiO 1 .45 for measurement (220nm) / Al (60nm) / glass cross-section of the sample TEM (transmission electron consisting of microscope image. I, II, III, and IV shown are identifiers for identifying layers.
  • 4 (b), 4 (c) and 4 (d) show an energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping distribution of Si, O and Al atoms, respectively.
  • FIG. 4 (e) shows the positional distribution of Si, O, and Al atoms determined by EDX line scanning along the line shown in FIG. 4 (a).
  • Fig. 4 (a) clearly shows the four-layer structure after annealing, wherein I, II, III, and IV shown are identification symbols for identifying the layers.
  • the Si atoms of the II layer is induced by the heat treatment performed in the annealing step (S300) described above, and shows that the II layer is no longer the metal layer 120 as a result of EDX mapping and line scanning.
  • Al atoms are mainly distributed at the interface between the I layer and the II layer. This result is due to the diffusion of Al atoms from the Al layer to the II layer having the Si phase.
  • the I layer is confirmed, but by changing the annealing conditions such as increasing the annealing time, the I layer can be crystallized to form the polycrystalline silicon thin film. have.
  • Is also 5 (a) is then annealed at 550 °C for 5 hours SiO 1 .45 (220nm) / Al (60nm) / an optical microscope image (optical microscopic image) of the sample made of a glass. Red dots and markers indicate Raman measurement points.
  • FIG. 5 (b) shows Raman spectra measured at different points shown in FIG. 5 (a).
  • Figure 5 (a) was taken using a built-in optical microscope attached to a micro-Raman spectrometer
  • Figure 8 (a) shows a different color depending on the crystallinity and the crystal orientation of the particles.
  • Fig. 5 (b) is measured at different positions indicated by a to f in Fig. 5 (a), and as shown in Fig. 5 (b), regardless of the measurement position, the characteristics of crystalline silicon can be said. 520cm that - the symmetrical spectrum with a peak in the vicinity of one was confirmed.
  • the above-mentioned data means that the produced polycrystalline silicon has preferential orientation in the (111) direction, and is consistent with the result shown in FIG.
  • the diffraction peaks related to the ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 phase are due to the reaction between aluminum and oxygen in the silicon oxide layer 140 made of SiOx and the metal layer 120 made of aluminum.
  • the formation of the polycrystalline silicon thin film may be generally performed by Al induced layer exchange (ALILE), and the silicon oxide layer deposition step (S200) in the polycrystalline silicon thin film formation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the oxide layer 130 generated, i.e., Al 2 O 3 is formed at the interface between the silicon oxide layer 140 and the metal layer 120 to serve as a diffusion path of Si atoms diffused into the metal layer 120.
  • the Si atoms generated by the Al atoms and the existing excess Si atoms present in the silicon oxide layer 140 diffuse across the oxide layer 130 to the metal layer 120 to generate Si crystal nuclei, and subsequently As a result, polycrystalline silicon particles with a preferential (111) orientation grow.
  • the ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 layer which induces Si atoms oriented in the (111) direction is preferentially formed and positioned at the interface between the silicon oxide layer 140 and the polycrystalline silicon thin film layer 220.
  • the present invention by the oxygen atom contained in the mixed gas (SiH 4 + N 2 O) supplied in the process of depositing the silicon oxide layer (SiO x ) on the metal layer by the plasma chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method
  • the oxide layer is naturally generated on the metal layer by the generated oxygen plasma, which can simplify the formation process in forming the polycrystalline silicon thin film because the oxide layer is naturally formed during the formation of the silicon oxide in the silicon oxide layer deposition step.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de formation d'un film mince de silicium polycristallin, le procédé comprenant : une étape de dépôt de couche métallique consistant à déposer, sur un substrat, un métal servant de catalyseur pour former un film mince de silicium polycristallin; une étape de dépôt de couche d'oxyde de silicium consistant à déposer une couche d'oxyde de silicium sur la couche métallique déposée dans l'étape de dépôt de couche métallique; et une étape de recuit consistant à effectuer un traitement thermique de manière à former une couche de film mince de silicium polycristallin sur le substrat sur lequel la couche métallique et la couche d'oxyde de silicium ont été déposées par l'étape de dépôt de couche métallique et l'étape de dépôt de couche d'oxyde de silicium.
PCT/KR2017/002623 2017-01-25 2017-03-10 Procédé de formation de film mince de silicium polycristallin WO2018139704A1 (fr)

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