WO2018120826A1 - 以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2018120826A1
WO2018120826A1 PCT/CN2017/094773 CN2017094773W WO2018120826A1 WO 2018120826 A1 WO2018120826 A1 WO 2018120826A1 CN 2017094773 W CN2017094773 W CN 2017094773W WO 2018120826 A1 WO2018120826 A1 WO 2018120826A1
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parts
packaging material
wheat straw
fungus
biomass packaging
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PCT/CN2017/094773
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English (en)
French (fr)
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彭志立
陈强
张雨
杨先超
邓秋霞
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深圳市泽青源科技开发服务有限公司
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Publication of WO2018120826A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018120826A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
    • C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/46—Applications of disintegrable, dissolvable or edible materials
    • B65D65/466—Bio- or photodegradable packaging materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/06—Biodegradable
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
    • C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02W90/10—Bio-packaging, e.g. packing containers made from renewable resources or bio-plastics

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of environment-friendly biomass packaging materials, in particular to a fungi-based biomass packaging material mainly composed of wheat straw and a preparation method thereof.
  • the packaging of commodities at home and abroad mainly uses composite materials such as polystyrene (EPS), polyethylene foamed cotton (EPE) or polypropylene (PP).
  • EPS polystyrene
  • EPE polyethylene foamed cotton
  • PP polypropylene
  • this type of foam has the advantages of light weight, low density, good cushioning performance, etc., it is difficult to be naturally degraded after being discarded, and it is difficult to recycle, thereby forming a "white pollution" harmful to the environment.
  • developed countries such as Europe, the United States, and Japan have banned the import of industrial products such as EPS packaging, or increased the environmental protection tax to restrict and eliminate the import of foam plastics as packaging materials.
  • China annual output of about 7.4 billion US dollars was blocked because it did not use environmentally friendly packaging, which brought huge economic losses.
  • research, development, production, promotion and application of environmentally friendly packaging materials are of great significance.
  • China is a big agricultural country with abundant biomass materials. According to statistics, the annual output of crop straw materials in China is as high as 800-900 million tons, and the straw resources can be used up to 700 million tons. In order to realize the recycling of straw resources, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Agriculture are jointly organized in 2009. Year 2 The “Guiding Opinions on Compiling Straw Comprehensive Utilization Planning” was issued in the month, and a comprehensive utilization pattern of straw industrialization was established in the country, especially focusing on solving large amounts of straw such as corn, wheat and rice. Wheat is China's second largest food crop, with annual output of wheat straw reaching 130 million tons. Wheat straw is rich in nutrients, cellulose content 40%-45%, hemicellulose content 24%-28%, lignin content 19%-25%.
  • wheat straw is mainly used for straw-based wood-based panels, energy utilization, straw feed, edible fungi cultivation, and straw returning; but a considerable part of wheat straw is burned every year, which not only wastes resources. It also causes environmental pollution. Therefore, how to make full use of China's wheat straw resources is an urgent problem to be solved.
  • China's fungal resources are abundant. Among them, edible fungi resources account for about 50% of the world's total. Many fungi have the advantages of wide range of raw materials, advanced mycelium, strong twisting ability of mycelium and high strength. Therefore, China's rich wheat straw resources as the main raw material, inoculation of specific fungi, the development of new packaging materials, to achieve the purpose of efficient recycling of resources.
  • the invention patent (CN104025909A) is a method for cultivating a degradable packaging material by inoculating edible fungus species, and the packaging material produced by the invention has poor elasticity and waterproof performance;
  • the invention patent (CN106148199A) can be prepared by using a large fungal mycelium.
  • the present invention has been directed to the above-mentioned deficiencies, and proposed a fungi-based biomass packaging material containing wheat straw as a main material and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation of the microbial strain with the developed mycelium and the strong twisting ability of the mycelium has good buffering performance.
  • a biomass packaging material with good strength, good appearance, and good mold and water resistance.
  • wheat straw is burned, which not only wastes resources, but also causes environmental pollution.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a fungus-based biomass packaging material based on wheat straw as a main material and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problem that the wheat straw is incinerated, which not only wastes resources but also causes environmental pollution.
  • the invention is realized by the invention, a fungus-based biomass packaging material mainly composed of wheat straw, wherein the fungus-based biomass packaging material mainly composed of wheat straw is from 30 parts to 60 parts of wheat straw according to the mass fraction. 20 parts - 30 parts of mulberry chips, 10 parts - 20 parts of bagasse and 10 parts - 20 parts of biomass packaging material additive; the biomass packaging material additive is divided into 46 parts of wheat bran and 15 parts by mass of corn Powder, 12 parts of soy flour, 7 parts of soluble starch, 10 parts of quicklime and 10 parts of gypsum powder.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a fungus-based biomass packaging material based on wheat straw, comprising the following steps:
  • (1) Preparation of culture material mixing 30 parts - 60 parts of wheat straw, 20 parts - 30 parts of mulberry chips, 10 parts - 20 parts of bagasse, 10 parts - 20 parts of biomass packaging material additive; Add tap water, mix and adjust the water content in the culture raw material, and then put it into a sterilization bag and sterilize it on the tunnel microwave sterilization equipment;
  • the length of the wheat straw is 1 mm to 20 mm, wherein the length is 1 mm - 5 mm, 5 mm -10mm, 10mm -20mm wheat straw accounted for 57%, 25%, 18%, respectively; mulberry wood chips were pulverized for mulberry branches, and the mulberry wood chips had a particle size of 1 mm -10 mm, of which the particle size was 1 Mulberry wood chips of mm -5mm and 5 mm -10mm account for 58% and 42% respectively; the length of bagasse is 15%-25mm, of which length is 15 mm -20mm, 20 mm -25mm bagasse accounted for 60% and 40% respectively; wheat straw, mulberry chips and bagasse had water content of less than 10%.
  • step (1) tap water of 1.0 to 1.25 times the dry weight of the material is added to the culture material, and the mixture is thoroughly mixed; and the water content in the culture material is adjusted to be 55% to 60%.
  • the tunnel type microwave sterilization device is sterilized for 10 minutes to 20 minutes.
  • the cells are placed in a dark culture chamber having a temperature of 25 ° C to 30 ° C and an ambient relative humidity of 60% to 70% and ventilated for 7 days to 10 days.
  • step (3) after compaction and sealing, it is placed in a dark sterile room at a temperature of 20 ° C - 26 ° C, a humidity of 50% - 70%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 6000 PPM - 11000 PPM for 5 days - 7 days.
  • the sample is taken out from the mold and dried at 30 ° C - 60 ° C until the water content of the sample is less than 15%, thereby obtaining a fungus-based biomass packaging material mainly composed of wheat straw. .
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an antifungal waterproof packaging material prepared by using the above-mentioned fungus-based biomass packaging material mainly composed of wheat straw.
  • the manufacturing process of the invention only needs to sterilize, pre-culture, mold culture and dry the processed materials, and the whole process does not have any petroleum consumption, no three wastes, and the production cost, energy consumption and discharge amount are compounded with polystyrene.
  • the material is reduced, and the used materials are all degraded into organic fertilizer in nature from 90 days to 120 days; the raw materials are widely used, the formula is simple, the environment is environmentally friendly, the quality is light and soft, the production process is simple, the degradability is good, and the anti-pressure and anti-seismic strength is good.
  • the fungal strain inoculated by the invention has the characteristics of developed mycelium, strong kinking ability and wide utilization of raw materials.
  • the components are weighed and mixed uniformly in a blender.
  • the mycelium grows vigorously, and the mycelium and the material are more tightly and firmly combined to form a self-supporting composite material, which has good cushioning performance and good strength.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a fungus-based biomass packaging material using wheat straw as a main material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the fungus-based biomass packaging material with wheat straw as main material comprises 30 parts to 60 parts of wheat straw, 20 parts to 30 parts of mulberry chips, 10 parts to 20 parts of bagasse in parts by mass. And 10 parts to 20 parts of biomass packaging material additive; the biomass packaging material additive comprises 46 parts of wheat bran, 15 parts of corn flour, 12 parts of soybean powder, 7 parts of soluble starch, 10 parts of quicklime and parts by mass. 10 parts of gypsum powder.
  • a method for preparing a fungus-based biomass packaging material using wheat straw as a main material comprises the following steps:
  • S101 Preparation of culture material: mixing 30 parts - 60 parts of wheat straw, 20 parts - 30 parts of mulberry chips, 10 parts - 20 parts of bagasse, 10 parts - 20 parts of biomass packaging material additive; Add 1.0 times-1.25 times tap water dry weight of the material, mix and adjust the water content in the culture raw material to 55%-60%, then put it into the sterilization bag and sterilize it on the tunnel microwave sterilization equipment for 10 minutes-20 minute.
  • the solid microbial strain is 10%-15% of the wet weight of the culture material. (w/w) inoculated in the bacteria bag cooled to room temperature, mix well, tie the bag, and place it in the dark culture chamber with the temperature of 25 ° C - 30 ° C, the relative humidity of 60% -70%, and the well-ventilated dark culture chamber for 7 days - 10 days until the material is covered with mycelium.
  • S103 Filling culture: fill the material filled with mycelium into a sterilized special packaging mold, compact and seal and place at a temperature of 20 ° C - 26 ° C, humidity of 50% - 70%, carbon dioxide concentration of 6000 PPM - Incubate in a dark sterile room of 11,000 PPM for 5 days to 7 days.
  • the length of the wheat straw is 1 mm -20 mm, of which the length is 1 mm -5 mm, 5 mm -10 mm, 10 mm -20mm wheat straw accounts for 57%, 25%, and 18%, respectively;
  • mulberry wood chips are obtained by pulverizing mulberry branches, and the mulberry wood chips have a particle size of 1 mm -10 mm, of which the particle size is 1 mm -5 mm, 5 mm.
  • bagasse has a length of 15 mm -25 mm, of which length is 15 mm -20 mm, 20 mm -25mm accounted for 60% and 40% respectively; wheat straw, mulberry chips and bagasse were required to be fresh and mold-free, and the water content of the material was less than 10%.
  • (1) Preparation of culture material 45 parts of wheat straw, 25 parts of mulberry chips, 15 parts of bagasse, 15 parts of biomass packaging material additive are uniformly mixed; add 1.0 times of dry weight of tap water to the culture material, and mix The water content in the culture material was adjusted to 55%, and then placed in a sterilization bag and sterilized on a tunnel type microwave sterilization device for 15 minutes.
  • the length of the wheat straw is 1 mm -20 mm, of which the length is 1 mm -5 mm, 5 mm -10 mm, 10 mm -20mm wheat straw accounts for 57%, 25%, and 18%, respectively;
  • mulberry wood chips are obtained by pulverizing mulberry branches, and the mulberry wood chips have a particle size of 1 mm -10 mm, of which the particle size is 1 mm -5 mm, 5 mm.
  • bagasse has a length of 15 mm -25 mm, of which length is 15 mm -20 mm, 20 mm -25mm accounted for 60% and 40% respectively; wheat straw, mulberry chips and bagasse were required to be fresh and mold-free, and the water content of the material was less than 10%.
  • the solid microbial strain is 15% of the wet weight of the culture material. (w/w) inoculated in a bacteria bag cooled to room temperature, mix well, bag, place in a dark culture chamber with a temperature of 26 ° C, ambient relative humidity of 60%, and well ventilated for 10 days until the material is full of bacteria Silk body.
  • the fungal strain inoculated by the invention has the characteristics of developed mycelium, strong kinking ability and wide utilization of raw materials.
  • (1) Preparation of culture material Mix 52 parts of wheat straw, 23 parts of mulberry chips, 13 parts of bagasse, and 12 parts of biomass packaging material additive; add 1.25 times of dry weight of material to the culture material, mix well The water content in the culture material was adjusted to 60%; then it was placed in a sterilization bag and sterilized on a tunnel type microwave sterilization device for 15 minutes.
  • the length of the wheat straw is 1 mm -20 mm, of which the length is 1 mm -5 mm, 5 mm -10 mm, 10 mm -20mm wheat straw accounts for 57%, 25%, and 18%, respectively;
  • mulberry wood chips are obtained by pulverizing mulberry branches, and the mulberry wood chips have a particle size of 1 mm -10 mm, of which the particle size is 1 mm -5 mm, 5 mm.
  • bagasse has a length of 15 mm -25 mm, of which length is 15 mm -20 mm, 20 mm -25mm accounted for 60% and 40% respectively; wheat straw, mulberry chips and bagasse were required to be fresh and mold-free, and the water content of the material was less than 10%.
  • the solid microbial strain is 15% of the wet weight of the culture material. (w/w) inoculated in a bag of bacteria cooled to room temperature, mix well, bag, place in a dark culture chamber with a temperature of 27 ° C, a relative humidity of 67%, and a well ventilated medium for 10 days until the material is full of bacteria Silk body.
  • the fungal strain inoculated by the invention has the characteristics of developed mycelium, strong kinking ability and wide utilization of raw materials.

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Abstract

一种以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料及其制备方法，所述生物质包装材料由小麦秸秆、桑木屑、甘蔗渣和生物质包装材料添加剂组成；生物质包装材料添加剂按质量份数由46份麦麸、15份玉米粉、12份大豆粉、7份可溶性淀粉、10份生石灰和10份石膏粉组成；制备方法包括：培养料准备；菌种预培养；填模培养；样品干燥。该制备方法生产工艺简单；制作的生物质包装材料环保生态、良好的可降解特性以及优良的力学性能，可有效减轻环境污染，是一种理想的环保包装材料。

Description

以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于环境友好型生物质包装材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前，国内外对商品的包装主要采用聚苯乙烯（EPS）、聚乙烯发泡棉（EPE）或者聚丙烯（PP）等复合材料。这类泡沫塑料虽然具有质轻、密度小、缓冲性能好等优点，但使用丢弃后很难自然降解，回收处理困难，从而形成危害环境的“白色污染”。现阶段，欧洲、美国、日本等发达国家均立法禁止EPS等泡沫塑料包装的工业产品进口，或通过提高环保税来限制和淘汰泡沫塑料作为包装材料的产品进口。据有关部门统计，我国每年约74亿美元的商品因未采用环保包装而受阻，带来了巨大的经济损失。为实现环境友好型、资源节约型社会，研究、开发、生产、推广及应用环保包装材料意义重大。
我国是农业大国，生物质材料十分丰富。据统计，我国每年农作物秸秆的材料的产量高达8-9亿吨，可利用秸秆资源约7亿吨。为了实现秸秆资源循环利用，国家发改委、农业部联合于2009 年2 月发布了《关于编制秸秆综合利用规划的指导意见》，在全国建立较完善的秸秆产业化综合利用格局，尤其重点解决玉米、小麦、水稻等量大面广的秸秆。小麦是我国的第二大粮食作物，每年小麦秸秆的产量达到1.3亿吨。小麦秸秆营养丰富，纤维素含量40%-45%，半纤维素含量24%-28%，木质素含量19%-25%。目前，部分小麦秸秆主要被用于有秸秆人造板、能源化利用、秸秆饲料、食用菌种植、以及秸秆还田等方面；但是每年还有相当大部分的小麦秸秆被焚烧掉，这不仅浪费资源，同时也造成环境的污染。因此，如何充分利用我国的小麦秸秆资源，是一个急需解决的问题。
我国真菌资源丰富，其中，食用真菌资源约占全世界总量的50％，许多真菌具有原料利用范围广，菌丝体发达、菌丝体扭结能力强和强度高等优点。因此，以我国丰富的小麦秸秆资源为主要原料，接种特定真菌，开发新型的包装材料，达到资源循环高效利用的目的。
目前，国内外已有利用微生物菌种制备包装材料的报道，但仍有许多的不足的地方。如：发明专利（CN104025909A）一种接种食用菌菌种培养可降解包装材料的方法，其制作的包装材料的弹性和防水性能较差；发明专利（CN106148199A）一种利用大型真菌菌丝体制备可降解缓冲材料的方法、发明专利（CN105660176A）一种生物基菌丝材料的生产工艺以及发明专利（CN104401585A）一种采用农废弃物制备缓冲包装材料的方法等制备材料的外观成型差，缓冲性能和力学性能较差，且在制备的过程中由于采用液体菌种接种，容易造成杂菌污染。
因此，本发明针对以上不足，提出一种以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料及其制备方法，利用菌丝体发达、菌丝体扭结能力强的微生物菌种制备缓冲性能好、强度佳、外观成型好、抗霉防水性好的生物质包装材料。
综上所述，小麦秸秆被焚烧掉，不仅浪费资源，同时也造成环境污染。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料及其制备方法，旨在解决小麦秸秆被焚烧掉，不仅浪费资源，同时也造成环境污染的问题。
本发明是这样实现的，一种以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料，所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料按照质量份数由30份-60份小麦秸秆、20份-30份桑木屑、10份-20份甘蔗渣和10份-20份的生物质包装材料添加剂组成；所述生物质包装材料添加剂按质量份数由46份麦麸、15份玉米粉、12份大豆粉、7份可溶性淀粉、10份生石灰和10份石膏粉组成。
本发明另一目的在于提供一种以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）培养料的准备：将30份-60份小麦秸秆、20份-30份桑木屑、10份-20份甘蔗渣、10份-20份的生物质包装材料添加剂混合均匀；向培养料中添加自来水，混匀，调控培养原料中的含水量，然后装入灭菌袋，于隧道式微波灭菌设备上灭菌；
（2）菌种预培养：将固体微生物菌种按培养料湿重的10%w/w-15% w/w接种于冷却至室温的菌袋中，混匀，扎袋，放置于黑暗培养室中培养，直至材料上长满菌丝体；
（3）填模培养：将长满菌丝体的材料填入已消毒的专用包装模具中，压实密封后放置于黑暗无菌室中培养；
（4）样品干燥：待模具中的材料上重新长满厚厚一层菌丝后，将样品从模具内取出干燥，即得到以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料。
进一步，所述步骤（1）中，小麦秸秆的长度为1 mm-20mm，其中，长度为1 mm -5mm、5 mm -10mm、10 mm -20mm的小麦秸秆分别占57%、25%、18%；桑木屑为桑树枝条进行粉碎所得，桑木屑的粒度为1 mm -10mm，其中，粒度为1 mm -5mm、5 mm -10mm的桑木屑分别占58%、42%；甘蔗渣的长度为15%-25mm，其中，长度为15 mm -20mm，20 mm -25mm的甘蔗渣分别占60%、40%；小麦秸秆、桑木屑和甘蔗渣的含水量都小于10%。
进一步，所述步骤（1）中，向培养料中添加物料干重的1.0倍-1.25倍的自来水，充分混匀；调控培养原料中的含水量为55%-60%。
进一步，所述步骤（1）中，于隧道式微波灭菌设备上灭菌10分钟-20分钟。
进一步，所述步骤（2）中，放置于温度25℃-30℃、环境相对湿度60%-70%、通风良好的黑暗培养室中培养7天-10天。
进一步，所述步骤（3）中，压实密封后放置于温度20℃-26℃，湿度为50%-70%，二氧化碳浓度为6000PPM-11000PPM的黑暗无菌室中培养5天-7天。
进一步，所述步骤（4）中，将样品从模具内取出于30℃-60℃条件下干燥至样品的含水量低于15%，即得到以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料。
本发明另一目的在于提供一种利用上述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料制备的抗霉防水包装材料。
本发明制作过程只需将处理后的材料进行灭菌、接种预培养、填模培养、干燥，整个过程无任何石油消耗、无三废产生，生产成本、能耗、排放量较聚苯乙烯等复合材料降低，使用后的材料在大自然中90天-120天内全部降解为有机肥；具有原料来源广泛、配方简单、生态环保、质轻软、制作工艺简单、降解性好、抗压防震强度佳的优点。
本发明接种的真菌菌种具有菌丝体发达、扭结能力强、原料利用范围广的特点。
本发明的生物质包装材料添加剂使用前，按比例称取各组分于搅拌机内混合均匀。
添加生物质包装材料添加剂后，菌丝长势旺盛，菌丝体与材料之间结合更加紧密、牢固，形成一种自我支撑的复合材料，该材料的缓冲性能好，强度好。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本发明实施例提供的一种以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料，按照质量份数由30份-60份小麦秸秆、20份-30份桑木屑、10份-20份甘蔗渣和10份-20份的生物质包装材料添加剂组成；所述生物质包装材料添加剂按质量份数由46份麦麸、15份玉米粉、12份大豆粉、7份可溶性淀粉、10份生石灰和10份石膏粉组成。
下面结合附图对本发明的应用原理做详细描述。
如图1所示，本发明实施例提供的以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S101：培养料的准备：将30份-60份小麦秸秆、20份-30份桑木屑、10份-20份甘蔗渣、10份-20份的生物质包装材料添加剂混合均匀；向培养料中添加物料干重的1.0倍-1.25倍自来水，混匀，调控培养原料中的含水量为55%-60%，然后装入灭菌袋，于隧道式微波灭菌设备上灭菌10分钟-20分钟。
S102：菌种预培养：将固体微生物菌种按培养料湿重的10%-15% （w/w）接种于冷却至室温的菌袋中，混匀，扎袋，放置于温度25℃-30℃、环境相对湿度60%-70%、通风良好的黑暗培养室中培养7天-10天，直至材料上长满菌丝体。
S103：填模培养：将长满菌丝体的材料填入已消毒的专用包装模具中，压实密封后放置于温度20℃-26℃，湿度为50%-70%，二氧化碳浓度为6000PPM-11000PPM的黑暗无菌室中培养5天-7天。
S104：样品干燥：待模具中的材料上重新长满厚厚一层菌丝后，将样品从模具内取出于30℃-60℃条件下干燥至样品的含水量低于15%，即可得到以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料。
小麦秸秆的长度为1 mm -20mm，其中，长度为1 mm -5mm，5 mm -10mm，10 mm -20mm的小麦秸秆分别占57%、25%、18%；桑木屑是桑树枝条进行粉碎所得，桑木屑的粒度为1 mm -10mm，其中，粒度为1 mm -5mm、5 mm -10mm分别占58%、42%；甘蔗渣的长度为15 mm -25mm，其中，长度为15 mm -20mm，20 mm -25mm分别占60%、40%；小麦秸秆、桑木屑和甘蔗渣都要求新鲜、无霉变，且材料的含水量都小于10%。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的应用原理作进一步描述。
实施例1
本发明实施例提供的以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，具体步骤为：
（1）培养料的准备：将45份的小麦秸秆、25份桑木屑、15份甘蔗渣、15份生物质包装材料添加剂混合均匀；向培养料中添加物料干重的1.0倍自来水，混匀，调控培养原料中的含水量为55%，然后装入灭菌袋，于隧道式微波灭菌设备上灭菌15分钟。
小麦秸秆的长度为1 mm -20mm，其中，长度为1 mm -5mm，5 mm -10mm，10 mm -20mm的小麦秸秆分别占57%、25%、18%；桑木屑是桑树枝条进行粉碎所得，桑木屑的粒度为1 mm -10mm，其中，粒度为1 mm -5mm、5 mm -10mm分别占58%、42%；甘蔗渣的长度为15 mm -25mm，其中，长度为15 mm -20mm，20 mm -25mm分别占60%、40%；小麦秸秆、桑木屑和甘蔗渣都要求新鲜、无霉变，且材料的含水量都小于10%。
（2）菌种预培养：将固体微生物菌种按培养料湿重的15% （w/w）接种于冷却至室温的菌袋中，混匀，扎袋，放置于温度26℃、环境相对湿度60%、通风良好的黑暗培养室中培养10天，直至材料上长满菌丝体。
本发明接种的真菌菌种具有菌丝体发达、扭结能力强、原料利用范围广的特点。
（3）填模培养：将长满菌丝体的材料填入已消毒的专用包装模具中，压实密封后放置于温度24℃，湿度为60%，二氧化碳浓度为6000PPM-11000PPM的黑暗无菌室中培养6天。
（4）样品干燥：待模具中的材料上重新长满厚厚一层菌丝后，将样品从模具内取出于50℃条件下干燥至样品的含水量低于15%，即可得到以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料。
（5）产品性能：将干燥后的样品送华测检测认证集团股份有限公司检测，分别参照国家标准GB/T 8813-2008和GB/T 8812-2007对产品的压缩强度和弯曲强度进行测定，压缩强度为102.43kPa，弯曲强度为93.45kPa。
实施例2
本发明实施例提供的以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，具体步骤为：
（1）培养料的准备：将52份的小麦秸秆、23份桑木屑、13份甘蔗渣、12份生物质包装材料添加剂混合均匀；向培养料中添加物料干重的1.25倍自来水，混匀，调控培养原料中的含水量为60%；然后装入灭菌袋，于隧道式微波灭菌设备上灭菌15分钟。
小麦秸秆的长度为1 mm -20mm，其中，长度为1 mm -5mm，5 mm -10mm，10 mm -20mm的小麦秸秆分别占57%、25%、18%；桑木屑是桑树枝条进行粉碎所得，桑木屑的粒度为1 mm -10mm，其中，粒度为1 mm -5mm、5 mm -10mm分别占58%、42%；甘蔗渣的长度为15 mm -25mm，其中，长度为15 mm -20mm，20 mm -25mm分别占60%、40%；小麦秸秆、桑木屑和甘蔗渣都要求新鲜、无霉变，且材料的含水量都小于10%。
（2）菌种预培养：将固体微生物菌种按培养料湿重的15% （w/w）接种于冷却至室温的菌袋中，混匀，扎袋，放置于温度27℃、环境相对湿度67%、通风良好的黑暗培养室中培养10天，直至材料上长满菌丝体。
本发明接种的真菌菌种具有菌丝体发达、扭结能力强、原料利用范围广的特点。
（3）填模培养：将长满菌丝体的材料填入已消毒的专用包装模具中，压实密封后放置于温度24℃，湿度为60%，二氧化碳浓度为6000PPM-11000PPM的黑暗无菌室中培养6天。
（4）样品干燥：待模具中的材料上重新长满厚厚一层菌丝后，将样品从模具内取出于60℃条件下干燥至样品的含水量低于15%，即可得到以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料。
（5）产品性能：将干燥后的样品送华测检测认证集团股份有限公司检测，分别参照国家标准GB/T 8813-2008和GB/T 8812-2007对产品的压缩强度和弯曲强度进行测定，压缩强度为111.53kPa，弯曲强度为90.78kPa。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料，其特征在于，所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料按照质量份数由30份-60份小麦秸秆、20份-30份桑木屑、10份-20份甘蔗渣和10份-20份的生物质包装材料添加剂组成；所述生物质包装材料添加剂按质量份数由46份麦麸、15份玉米粉、12份大豆粉、7份可溶性淀粉、10份生石灰和10份石膏粉组成。
  2. 一种如权利要求1所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
    （1）培养料的准备：将30份-60份小麦秸秆、20份-30份桑木屑、10份-20份甘蔗渣、10份-20份的生物质包装材料添加剂混合均匀；向培养料中添加自来水，混匀，调控培养原料中的含水量，然后装入灭菌袋，于隧道式微波灭菌设备上灭菌；
    （2）菌种预培养：将固体微生物菌种按培养料湿重的10%w/w-15% w/w接种于冷却至室温的菌袋中，混匀，扎袋，放置于黑暗培养室中培养，直至材料上长满菌丝体；
    （3）填模培养：将长满菌丝体的材料填入已消毒的专用包装模具中，压实密封后放置于黑暗无菌室中培养；
    （4）样品干燥：待模具中的材料上重新长满厚厚一层菌丝后，将样品从模具内取出干燥，即得到以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（1）中，小麦秸秆的长度为1 mm-20mm，其中，长度为1 mm -5mm、5 mm -10mm、10 mm -20mm的小麦秸秆分别占57%、25%、18%；桑木屑为桑树枝条进行粉碎所得，桑木屑的粒度为1 mm -10mm，其中，粒度为1 mm -5mm、5 mm -10mm的桑木屑分别占58%、42%；甘蔗渣的长度为15mm-25mm，其中，长度为15 mm -20mm，20 mm -25mm的甘蔗渣分别占60%、40%；小麦秸秆、桑木屑和甘蔗渣的含水量都小于10%。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（1）中，向培养料中添加物料干重的1.0倍-1.25倍的自来水，充分混匀；调控培养原料中的含水量为55%-60%。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（1）中，于隧道式微波灭菌设备上灭菌10分钟-20分钟。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（2）中，放置于温度25℃-30℃、环境相对湿度60%-70%、通风良好的黑暗培养室中培养7天-10天。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（3）中，压实密封后放置于温度20℃-26℃，湿度为50%-70%，二氧化碳浓度为6000PPM-11000PPM的黑暗无菌室中培养5天-7天。
  8. 如权利要求2所述的以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（4）中，将样品从模具内取出于30℃-60℃条件下干燥至样品的含水量低于15%，即得到以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料。
  9. 一种利用权利要求1所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料制备的抗霉防水包装材料。
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