WO2018120824A1 - 以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2018120824A1
WO2018120824A1 PCT/CN2017/094770 CN2017094770W WO2018120824A1 WO 2018120824 A1 WO2018120824 A1 WO 2018120824A1 CN 2017094770 W CN2017094770 W CN 2017094770W WO 2018120824 A1 WO2018120824 A1 WO 2018120824A1
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straw
parts
packaging material
biomass packaging
fungus
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PCT/CN2017/094770
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English (en)
French (fr)
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彭志立
陈强
张雨
黄梦婷
陈金凤
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深圳市泽青源科技开发服务有限公司
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Publication of WO2018120824A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018120824A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
    • C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/06—Biodegradable
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
    • C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of environment-friendly biomass packaging materials, in particular to a fungi-based biomass packaging material mainly composed of straw straw and a preparation method thereof.
  • Rice is the third largest grain crop in China, and there are about 200 million tons of rice straw per year.
  • the straw straw is rich in nutrients, and the main components are cellulose content of 30%-50%, hemicellulose content of 10%-20%, lignin content of 20%-30%, crude protein of 1.8%, and crude fat of 1.5%.
  • rice straw is mainly used in the weaving industry, planting edible fungi, feed, fertilizer and covering the field.
  • the invention patent (CN103073234A) discloses a formulation for utilizing a straw straw waste recycling plate, which uses glutinous rice juice instead of formaldehyde and chemical rubber as a binder in the filler, but another chemical is introduced into the glutinous rice juice binder.
  • the invention patent discloses a method for improving the acetylation of straw straw acetylation, and the pulverized straw straw is pretreated with a certain amount of glacial acetic acid for 0.5 h. Then, a certain amount of acetic anhydride and the catalyst concentrated sulfuric acid are added to form a straw acetylation product, and the obtained product can be hot pressed into a plate.
  • the preparation method is cumbersome, which is not conducive to factory production, and the use of various chemical reagents is also disadvantageous. The health of the human body. There are relatively few reports about straw straw used to make packaging materials.
  • the invention patent (CN104025909A) is a method for cultivating a degradable packaging material by inoculating edible fungus species, and the packaging material produced by the invention has poor elasticity and waterproof performance;
  • the invention patent (CN106148199A) can be prepared by using a large fungal mycelium.
  • the present invention has been directed to the above-mentioned deficiencies, and proposed a fungi-based biomass packaging material mainly composed of straw straw and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation of the microbial strain with the developed mycelium and the strong twisting ability of the mycelium has good cushioning performance.
  • a biomass packaging material with excellent mechanical properties and good mold and water resistance. Thereby making full use of the straw straw resources that have been burned.
  • the straw straw is incinerated, which not only wastes resources, but also causes environmental pollution.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a fungus-based biomass packaging material mainly composed of straw straw and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problem that the straw straw is incinerated, which not only wastes resources but also causes environmental pollution.
  • the invention is realized in the same way, a fungus-based biomass packaging material mainly composed of straw straw, from 60 parts by weight to 85 parts of straw straw, 5 parts to 15 parts of corn straw, 5 parts to 10 parts of cottonseed according to the mass fraction.
  • the shell is composed of 5 parts and 15 parts of biomass packaging material additive;
  • the biomass packaging material additive comprises 58 parts of wheat bran, 9 parts of corn flour, 8 parts of soybean powder, 10 parts of sucrose, 10 parts of quicklime and 5 parts by mass.
  • the composition of the gypsum powder can strengthen the strength of the prepared biomass packaging material, has good impact resistance, and is an excellent packaging material.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a fungus-based biomass packaging material based on straw straw, which comprises the following steps:
  • (1) Preparation of culture material mixing 60 parts - 85 parts of straw straw, 5 parts - 15 parts of corn stover, 5 parts - 10 parts of cottonseed hulls and 5 parts - 15 parts of biomass packaging material additive; Add tap water, mix and adjust the water content in the culture raw material; then put it into a sterilization bag and sterilize it on the tunnel microwave sterilization equipment;
  • the straw straw is pulverized to a length of 5 mm - 40 mm, wherein the length is 5 mm - 10 mm, 10
  • the proportion of straw straws of mm -20mm, 20 mm -30 mm and 30 mm -40 mm is 55%, 25%, 15% and 5% respectively;
  • the length of corn straw smash is 10 mm -20 mm;
  • the water content of straw straw, corn stover and cottonseed hull are less than 10%.
  • step (1) 1.0 to 1.25 times of tap water of the dry weight of the material is added to the culture material, and the mixture is mixed to adjust the water content in the culture raw material to be 55% to 60%.
  • the tunnel type microwave sterilization device is sterilized for 10 minutes to 20 minutes.
  • the cells are placed in a dark culture chamber with a temperature of 25 ° C to 30 ° C and an ambient relative humidity of 60% to 70% and ventilated for 6 days to 12 days.
  • the mixture is compacted and placed in a dark sterile room at a temperature of 20 ° C to 26 ° C, a humidity of 50% to 70%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 6000 PPM to 11,000 PPM for 4 days to 7 days.
  • the sample is taken out from the mold and dried at 40 ° C - 80 ° C until the water content of the sample is less than 15%, thereby obtaining a fungi-based biomass package mainly composed of straw straw. material.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an antifungal waterproof packaging material prepared by using the above-mentioned fungus-based biomass packaging material mainly composed of straw straw.
  • the manufacturing process of the invention only needs to sterilize the treated material, inoculate the pre-culture, fill the mold culture, and dry, without any petroleum consumption in the whole process, and the production cost, energy consumption and discharge amount are lower than that of the composite materials such as polystyrene.
  • the used material is completely degraded in nature within 90-120 days; it has the advantages of simple formula, eco-friendly, soft and light, simple manufacturing process, good degradability, high impact strength, tensile strength and tear strength. .
  • the components are weighed and mixed uniformly in a blender.
  • the mycelium grows vigorously, and the mycelium and the material are more tightly and firmly combined to form a self-supporting composite material, which has good cushioning performance and good strength.
  • the fungal strain inoculated by the invention has the characteristics of developed mycelium, strong kinking ability and wide utilization of raw materials.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a fungus-based biomass packaging material using straw straw as a main material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the fungus-based biomass packaging material with straw straw as main material comprises 60 parts-85 parts straw straw, 5 parts-15 parts corn straw, 5 parts-10 cotton seed shells according to the mass parts. And 5 parts to 15 parts of biomass packaging material additive; the biomass packaging material additive comprises 58 parts of wheat bran, 9 parts of corn flour, 8 parts of soybean powder, 10 parts of sucrose, 10 parts of quicklime and 5 parts by mass.
  • the prepared biomass packaging material can be strengthened in strength, has good impact resistance, and is an excellent packaging material.
  • a method for preparing a fungus-based biomass packaging material using straw straw as a main material comprises the following steps:
  • S101 preparation of culture material: mixing 60 parts - 85 parts of straw straw, 5 parts - 15 parts of corn stover, 5 parts - 10 parts of cottonseed hulls and 5 parts - 15 parts of biomass packaging material additive; Add 1.0 times to 1.25 times the dry weight of the material to the tap water, mix and adjust the water content in the culture raw material to 55%-60%; then put it into the sterilization bag and sterilize it on the tunnel microwave sterilization equipment for 10 minutes-20 minute.
  • the solid microbial strain is 10%-20% of the wet weight of the culture material. (w/w) inoculated in a bag of bacteria cooled to room temperature, mix well, bag, place in a dark culture chamber with a temperature of 25 ° C - 30 ° C, ambient relative humidity of 60% -70%, well ventilated for 6 days - 12 days until the mycelium covers the material.
  • S103 Filling culture: fill the material filled with mycelium into a sterilized special packaging mold, compact and seal and place at a temperature of 20 ° C - 26 ° C, humidity of 50% - 70%, carbon dioxide concentration of 6000 PPM - Incubate in a dark sterile room of 11,000 PPM for 4 days to 7 days.
  • the straw straw is pulverized to a length of 5 mm -40 mm, of which the length is 5 mm -10 mm, 10 mm -20 mm, 20-30
  • the ratio of mm and 30-40mm straw straw is 55%, 25%, 15% and 5% respectively; corn straw is crushed to a length of 10 mm -20mm; straw straw, corn stover and cottonseed hull require fresh, mold-free, and the water content of the material is less than 10%.
  • (1) Preparation of culture material 76 parts of straw straw, 7 parts of corn stover, 7 parts of cottonseed hull and 10 parts of biomass packaging material additive are uniformly mixed; 1.25 times tap water of dry weight of material is added to the culture material , mixing, regulating the water content in the culture raw material is 60%, and then loading into a sterilization bag, and sterilizing on a tunnel type microwave sterilization device for 15 minutes;
  • the straw straw is pulverized to a length of 5-40 mm, wherein the length is 5-10 mm, 10-20 mm, 20-30
  • the ratio of mm and 30-40mm straw straw is 55%, 25%, 15% and 5% respectively;
  • the corn straw is crushed to a length of 10-20mm;
  • straw straw, corn stover and cottonseed shell are required to be fresh and mold-free.
  • the water content of the material is less than 10%.
  • the solid microbial strain is 20% of the wet weight of the culture material. (w/w) inoculated in a bacteria bag cooled to room temperature, mix well, bag, place in a dark culture chamber with a temperature of 27 ° C, ambient relative humidity of 60%%, and well ventilated for 10 days until mycelium coverage material.
  • (1) Preparation of culture material 65 parts of straw straw, 10 parts of corn stover, 10 parts of cottonseed hull and 15 parts of biomass packaging material additive are uniformly mixed; 1.0 times of dry weight of material is added to the culture material. , mixing, regulating the water content in the culture raw material to 55%; then loading into a sterilization bag and sterilizing on a tunnel type microwave sterilization device for 15 minutes;
  • the straw straw is pulverized to a length of 5-40 mm, wherein the length is 5-10 mm, 10-20 mm, 20-30
  • the ratio of mm and 30-40mm straw straw is 55%, 25%, 15% and 5% respectively;
  • the corn straw is crushed to a length of 10-20mm;
  • straw straw, corn stover and cottonseed shell are required to be fresh and mold-free.
  • the water content of the material is less than 10%.
  • the solid microbial strain is 15% of the wet weight of the culture material. (w/w) inoculated in a bacteria bag cooled to room temperature, mix well, bag, place in a dark culture chamber with a temperature of 26 ° C, ambient relative humidity of 70%, well ventilated for 12 days, until the mycelial covering material .

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract

一种以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料及其制备方法，所述生物质包装材料按照质量份数由稻草秸秆、玉米秸秆、棉籽壳和生物质包装材料添加剂组成；生物质包装材料添加剂按质量份数由58份麦麸、9份玉米粉、8份大豆粉、10份蔗糖、10份生石灰和5份石膏粉组成；制备方法包括：培养料的准备；菌种预培养；填模培养；样品干燥。所述制备方法生产工艺简单、生产廉价；制作的生物质包装材料具有环保生态、良好的可降解特性以及优良的力学性能，可有效减轻环境污染，是一种理想的环保包装材料。

Description

以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于环境友好型生物质包装材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
进入21世纪，随着全球化经济的不断发展，全球工业包装材料市场规模也在日趋壮大，据估计，现有工业包装材料产值约520亿美元，到2020年可达到610亿美元。目前，使用最多的工业包装材料主要是聚苯乙烯（EPS）或聚乙烯发泡棉（EPE）等复合材料。但是这类缓冲包装材料使用丢弃后在自然条件下难分解，对环境造成严重的污染。目前，欧洲、美国、日本等地区和国家均立法禁止EPS等包装的工业产品进口，或者通过高额环保税限制和淘汰以泡沫塑料为包装材料的产品的进口。瑞典家具连锁企业宜家（Ikea）2016年计划开始用绿色可降解包装材料来取代现在大量使用的塑料包装。据有关部门统计，我国每年有74亿美元的商品由于没有采用环保包装而导致出口受阻，给我国带来巨大的经济损失。从环境生态、节约能源、避免贸易中的所谓 “绿色”壁垒的角度出发，研究、开发、生产、推广及应用环保包装材料，具有深远的意义。我国政府极为重视生态环境建设，党的十八大明确提出了建设社会主义生态文明，并制定了相关的法律法规，大力强调资源循环利用。
水稻是我国总产量位居第三的粮食作物，每年产生的水稻秸秆就有2亿吨左右。稻草秸秆营养丰富，主要成分纤维素含量为30%-50%、半纤维素含量10%-20%、木质素含量为20%-30%、粗蛋白为1.8%、粗脂肪1.5%。目前，水稻秸秆主要被用于编织业、种植食用菌、饲料、肥料和覆盖还田等方面。发明专利（CN103073234A）公开一种稻草秸秆垃圾再生板材利用的配方，该配方采用糯米汁取代甲醛、化学胶济作为填充料中的粘合剂，但是该糯米汁粘合剂中又引入其他的化学合成试剂，且该再生板的制作方法繁琐，不易于规模化生产；发明专利（CN102120775A）公开一种稻草秸秆乙酰化热塑性改良方法，将粉碎的稻草秸秆用一定量的冰醋酸预处理0.5h，然后再加入一定量的乙酸酐和催化剂浓硫酸反应生成秸秆乙酰化产物，得到的产物可以热压成板，该制备方法繁琐，不利于工厂化生产，且各种化学试剂的使用，也不利于人体的健康。而有关稻草秸秆用于制作包装材料的报道还比较少。
我国真菌资源丰富，一些特有的真菌的菌丝体发达、菌丝体扭结能力强，能够广泛利用自然界中的纤维素、木质素等原料，菌丝体在生长的过程中紧紧将纤维素、木质素等包裹在一起，从而形成以菌丝体作为天然“胶水”，秸秆纤维为骨架的复合材料。因此，选用特定真菌，开发新型的环境友好型生物质包装材料，将资源优势转化为产品优势，达到资源循环高效利用的目的。
目前，国内外已有利用微生物菌种制备包装材料的报道，但仍有许多的不足的地方。如：发明专利（CN104025909A）一种接种食用菌菌种培养可降解包装材料的方法，其制作的包装材料的弹性和防水性能较差；发明专利（CN106148199A）一种利用大型真菌菌丝体制备可降解缓冲材料的方法、发明专利（CN105660176A）一种生物基菌丝材料的生产工艺以及发明专利（CN104401585A）一种采用农废弃物制备缓冲包装材料的方法等制备材料的外观成型差，缓冲性能和力学性能较差，且在制备的过程中由于采用液体菌种接种，容易造成杂菌污染。
因此，本发明针对以上不足，提出一种以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料及其制备方法，利用菌丝体发达、菌丝体扭结能力强的微生物菌种制备缓冲性能好、力学性能极佳、抗霉防水性好的生物质包装材料。从而充分利用被焚烧掉的稻草秸秆资源。
综上所述，稻草秸秆被焚烧掉，不仅浪费资源，同时也造成环境污染。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料及其制备方法，旨在解决稻草秸秆被焚烧掉，不仅浪费资源，同时也造成环境污染的问题。
本发明是这样实现的，一种以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料，按照质量份数由60份-85份稻草秸秆、5份-15份玉米秸秆、5份-10份棉籽壳和5份-15份生物质包装材料添加剂组成；所述生物质包装材料添加剂按质量份数由58份麦麸、9份玉米粉、8份大豆粉、10份蔗糖、10份生石灰和5份石膏粉组成。包装材料添加剂可以使制作出的生物质包装材料强度加强，具有很好的抗冲击性能，是优良的包装材料。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）培养料的准备：将60份-85份稻草秸秆、5份-15份玉米秸秆、5份-10份棉籽壳和5份-15份的生物质包装材料添加剂混合均匀；向培养料中添加自来水，混匀，调控培养原料中的含水量；然后装入灭菌袋，于隧道式微波灭菌设备上灭菌；
（2）菌种预培养：将固体微生物菌种按培养料湿重的10%w/w-20% w/w接种于冷却至室温的菌袋中，混匀，扎袋，放置于黑暗培养室中培养，直至菌丝体覆盖材料；
（3）填模培养：将长满菌丝体的材料填入已消毒的专用包装模具中，压实密封后放置于黑暗无菌室中培养。
（4）样品干燥：待模具中的材料上重新长满厚厚一层菌丝后，将样品从模具内取出于干燥，即可得到以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料。
进一步，所述步骤（1）中，稻草秸秆粉碎至长度为5 mm -40mm，其中长度为5 mm -10mm、10 mm -20mm、20 mm -30 mm和30 mm -40mm规格的稻草秸秆的比例分别为55%、25%、15%和5%；玉米秸秆粉碎长度为10 mm -20mm；稻草秸秆、玉米秸秆和棉籽壳的含水量均小于10%。
进一步，所述步骤（1）中，向培养料中添加物料干重的1.0倍-1.25倍自来水，混匀，调控培养原料中的含水量为55%-60%。
进一步，所述步骤（1）中，于隧道式微波灭菌设备上灭菌10分钟-20分钟。
进一步，所述步骤（2）中，放置于温度25℃-30℃、环境相对湿度60%-70%、通风良好的黑暗培养室中培养6天-12天。
进一步，所述步骤（3）中，压实密封后放置于温度20℃-26℃，湿度为50%-70%，二氧化碳浓度为6000PPM-11000PPM的黑暗无菌室中培养4天-7天。
进一步，所述步骤（4）中，将样品从模具内取出于40℃-80℃条件下干燥至样品的含水量低于15%，即可得到以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种利用上述以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料制备的抗霉防水包装材料。
本发明的制作过程只需将处理后的材料进行灭菌、接种预培养、填模培养、干燥，整个过程无任何石油消耗，生产成本、能耗、排放量较聚苯乙烯等复合材料降低，使用后的材料在大自然中90-120天内全部降解；具有配方简单、生态环保、质轻软、制作工艺简单、降解性好、有较高的冲击强度、拉伸强度、撕裂强度的优点。
本发明的生物质包装材料添加剂使用前，按比例称取各组分于搅拌机内混合均匀。
添加生物质包装材料添加剂后，菌丝长势旺盛，菌丝体与材料之间结合更加紧密、牢固，形成一种自我支撑的复合材料，该材料的缓冲性能好，强度好。
本发明接种的真菌菌种具有菌丝体发达、扭结能力强、原料利用范围广的特点。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本发明实施例提供的一种以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料，按照质量份数由60份-85份稻草秸秆、5份-15份玉米秸秆、5份-10份棉籽壳和5份-15份的生物质包装材料添加剂组成；所述生物质包装材料添加剂按质量份数由58份麦麸、9份玉米粉、8份大豆粉、10份蔗糖、10份生石灰和5份石膏粉组成。可以使制作出的生物质包装材料强度加强，具有很好的抗冲击性能，是优良的包装材料。
下面结合附图对本发明的应用原理作详细描述。
如图1所示，本发明实施例提供的以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S101：培养料的准备：将60份-85份稻草秸秆、5份-15份玉米秸秆、5份-10份棉籽壳和5份-15份的生物质包装材料添加剂混合均匀；向培养料中添加物料干重的1.0倍-1.25倍自来水，混匀，调控培养原料中的含水量为55%-60%；然后装入灭菌袋，于隧道式微波灭菌设备上灭菌10分钟-20分钟。
S102：菌种预培养：将固体微生物菌种按培养料湿重的10%-20% （w/w）接种于冷却至室温的菌袋中，混匀，扎袋，放置于温度25℃-30℃、环境相对湿度60%-70%、通风良好的黑暗培养室中培养6天-12天，直至菌丝体覆盖材料。
S103：填模培养：将长满菌丝体的材料填入已消毒的专用包装模具中，压实密封后放置于温度20℃-26℃，湿度为50%-70%，二氧化碳浓度为6000PPM-11000PPM的黑暗无菌室中培养4天-7天。
S104：样品干燥：待模具中的材料上重新长满厚厚一层菌丝后，将样品从模具内取出于40℃-80℃条件下干燥至样品的含水量低于15%，即可得到以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料。
稻草秸秆粉碎至长度为5 mm -40mm，其中长度为5 mm -10mm、10 mm -20mm、20-30 mm和30-40mm规格的稻草秸秆的比例分别为55%、25%、15%和5%；玉米秸秆粉碎至长度为10 mm -20mm；稻草秸秆、玉米秸秆和棉籽壳要求新鲜、无霉变，且材料的含水量小于10%。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的应用原理作进一步描述。
实施例1
本发明实施例提供的以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，具体步骤为：
（1）培养料的准备：将76份的稻草秸秆、7份的玉米秸秆、7份的棉籽壳以及10份的生物质包装材料添加剂混合均匀；向培养料中添加物料干重的1.25倍自来水，混匀，调控培养原料中的含水量为60%，然后装入灭菌袋，于隧道式微波灭菌设备上灭菌15分钟；
稻草秸秆粉碎至长度为5-40mm，其中长度为5-10mm、10-20mm、20-30 mm和30-40mm规格的稻草秸秆的比例分别为55%、25%、15%和5%；玉米秸秆粉碎至长度为10-20mm；稻草秸秆、玉米秸秆和棉籽壳要求新鲜、无霉变，且材料的含水量小于10%。
（2）菌种预培养：将固体微生物菌种按培养料湿重的20% （w/w）接种于冷却至室温的菌袋中，混匀，扎袋，放置于温度27℃、环境相对湿度60%%、通风良好的黑暗培养室中培养10天，直至菌丝体覆盖材料。
（3）填模培养：将长满菌丝体的材料填入已消毒的专用包装模具中，压实密封后放置于温度25℃，湿度为70%，二氧化碳浓度为6000PPM-11000PPM的黑暗无菌室中培养6天。
（4）样品干燥：待模具中的材料上重新长满厚厚一层菌丝后，将样品从模具内取出于60℃条件下干燥至样品的含水量低于15%，即可得到以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料。
（5）产品性能：将干燥后的样品送华测检测认证集团股份有限公司检测，分别参照国家标准GB/T 8813-2008和GB/T 8812-2007对产品的压缩强度和弯曲强度进行测定，压缩强度为82.33kPa，弯曲强度为113.45kPa。
实施例2
本发明实施例提供的以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，具体步骤为：
（1）培养料的准备：将65份的稻草秸秆、10份的玉米秸秆、10份的棉籽壳以及15份的生物质包装材料添加剂混合均匀；向培养料中添加物料干重的1.0倍自来水，混匀，调控培养原料中的含水量至55%；然后装入灭菌袋，于隧道式微波灭菌设备上灭菌15分钟；
稻草秸秆粉碎至长度为5-40mm，其中长度为5-10mm、10-20mm、20-30 mm和30-40mm规格的稻草秸秆的比例分别为55%、25%、15%和5%；玉米秸秆粉碎至长度为10-20mm；稻草秸秆、玉米秸秆和棉籽壳要求新鲜、无霉变，且材料的含水量小于10%。
（2）菌种预培养：将固体微生物菌种按培养料湿重的15% （w/w）接种于冷却至室温的菌袋中，混匀，扎袋，放置于温度26℃、环境相对湿度70%、通风良好的黑暗培养室中培养12天，直至菌丝体覆盖材料。
（3）填模培养：将长满菌丝体的材料填入已消毒的专用包装模具中，压实密封后放置于温度25℃，湿度为60%，二氧化碳浓度为6000PPM-11000PPM的黑暗无菌室中培养5天。
（4）样品干燥：待模具中的材料上重新长满厚厚一层菌丝后，将样品从模具内取出于70℃条件下干燥至样品的含水量低于15%，即可得到以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料。
（5）产品性能：将干燥后的样品送华测检测认证集团股份有限公司检测，分别参照国家标准GB/T 8813-2008和GB/T 8812-2007对产品的压缩强度和弯曲强度进行测定，压缩强度为108.67kPa，弯曲强度为103.38kPa。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料，其特征在于，所述以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料按照质量份数由60份-85份稻草秸秆、5份-15份玉米秸秆、5份-10份棉籽壳和5份-15份的生物质包装材料添加剂组成；所述生物质包装材料添加剂按质量份数由58份麦麸、9份玉米粉、8份大豆粉、10份蔗糖、10份生石灰和5份石膏粉组成。
  2. 一种如权利要求1所述以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
    （1）培养料的准备：将60份-85份稻草秸秆、5份-15份玉米秸秆、5份-10份棉籽壳和5份-15份的生物质包装材料添加剂混合均匀；向培养料中添加自来水，混匀，调控培养原料中的含水量；然后装入灭菌袋，于隧道式微波灭菌设备上灭菌；
    （2）菌种预培养：将固体微生物菌种按培养料湿重的10%w/w-20% w/w接种于冷却至室温的菌袋中，混匀，扎袋，放置于黑暗培养室中培养，直至菌丝体覆盖材料；
    （3）填模培养：将长满菌丝体的材料填入已消毒的专用包装模具中，压实密封后放置于黑暗无菌室中培养；
    （4）样品干燥：待模具中的材料上重新长满厚厚一层菌丝后，将样品从模具内取出于干燥，即可得到以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（1）中，稻草秸秆粉碎至长度为5 mm -40mm，其中长度为5 mm -10mm、10 mm -20mm、20 mm -30 mm和30 mm -40mm规格的稻草秸秆的比例分别为55%、25%、15%和5%；玉米秸秆粉碎长度为10 mm -20mm；稻草秸秆、玉米秸秆和棉籽壳的含水量均小于10%。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（1）中，向培养料中添加物料干重的1.0倍-1.25倍自来水，混匀，调控培养原料中的含水量为55%-60%。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（1）中，于隧道式微波灭菌设备上灭菌10分钟-20分钟。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（2）中，放置于温度25℃-30℃、环境相对湿度60%-70%、通风良好的黑暗培养室中培养6天-12天。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（3）中，压实密封后放置于温度20℃-26℃，湿度为50%-70%，二氧化碳浓度为6000PPM-11000PPM的黑暗无菌室中培养4天-7天。
  8. 如权利要求2所述的以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（4）中，将样品从模具内取出于40℃-80℃条件下干燥至样品的含水量低于15%，即可得到以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料。
  9. 一种利用如权利要求1所述以稻草秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质包装材料制备的抗霉防水包装材料。
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