WO2018120825A1 - 以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2018120825A1
WO2018120825A1 PCT/CN2017/094772 CN2017094772W WO2018120825A1 WO 2018120825 A1 WO2018120825 A1 WO 2018120825A1 CN 2017094772 W CN2017094772 W CN 2017094772W WO 2018120825 A1 WO2018120825 A1 WO 2018120825A1
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parts
wheat straw
fungus
fireproof material
culture
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PCT/CN2017/094772
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English (en)
French (fr)
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彭志立
陈强
陈金凤
张雨
谭渊
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深圳市泽青源科技开发服务有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
    • C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/002—Physical properties
    • C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/014—Additives containing two or more different additives of the same subgroup in C08K
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
    • C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of environment-friendly biomass fireproof materials, and particularly relates to a fungus-based biomass fireproof material mainly composed of wheat straw and a preparation method thereof.
  • China's fungal resources are abundant. Among them, edible fungi resources account for about 50% of the world's total. Many fungi have the advantages of wide range of raw materials, advanced mycelium, strong twisting ability of mycelium and high strength. Therefore, China's rich wheat straw resources as the main raw material, inoculation of specific fungi, the development of new fire-retardant materials, to achieve the purpose of efficient recycling of resources.
  • the current wheat straw is burned, which not only wastes resources, but also causes environmental pollution.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a fungus-based biomass fireproof material mainly composed of wheat straw and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problem that the wheat straw is incinerated, which not only wastes resources but also causes environmental pollution.
  • the invention is realized by the fungus-based biomass fireproof material mainly composed of wheat straw, and the fungus-based biomass fireproof material mainly composed of wheat straw is from 20 parts by weight to 60 parts of wheat straw, 10 parts by mass. 25 parts of rice husk, 10 parts - 25 parts of wheat bran and 20 parts - 30 parts of biomass fireproof material additive;
  • the biomass fireproof material additive is composed of 30 parts of expanded perlite, 42 parts of stone powder, 10 parts of quartz sand, 8 parts of talc, 4 parts of quicklime and 6 parts of gypsum powder according to the mass parts;
  • the stone powder is composed of 37 parts of potassium feldspar powder, 25 parts of feldspar powder, 25 parts of anorthite powder and 13 parts of sodium feldspar powder in a mass ratio.
  • the wheat straw is pulverized to a diameter of 0 mm to 5 mm, wherein 0 mm -2 mm, 2 mm -3 mm, 3 mm
  • the proportion of -5 mm wheat straw is 30%, 33% and 37%, respectively.
  • the fineness of the stone powder is 18 mesh to 200 mesh; the fineness of the talc powder is 200 mesh; and the size of the expanded perlite particle is 0 mm -1mm.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a fungus-based biomass fireproof material containing wheat straw as a main material, and the method for preparing a fungus-based biomass fireproof material mainly comprising wheat straw comprises the following steps :
  • Step one preparation of the culture material: 20 parts - 60 parts of wheat straw, 10 parts - 25 parts of rice husk, 10 parts - 25 parts of wheat bran and 20 parts - 30 parts of biomass fireproof material additive are uniformly mixed; added to the culture raw material 1.0 to 1.25 times the dry weight of the material, and mix;
  • Step 2 Sterilization treatment: the culture material is placed in a sterilization bag and sterilized on a tunnel type microwave sterilization device for 10 minutes to 20 minutes;
  • Step 3 Inoculation culture: the culture material to be sterilized is cooled to room temperature, and the solid fungus strain for production is 10% w/w in a sterile inoculation chamber. -30% w/w is inoculated into the culture raw material and stirred uniformly; then the inoculated culture raw material is placed in a special mold, compacted and sealed, and then cultured in a dark sterile chamber;
  • Step 4 the sample is dried: after the material in the mold is covered with a thick layer of hyphae, the sample is taken out from the mold and dried at 80 ° C - 108 ° C until the moisture content of the sample is dried to less than 15%. So far, the biomass fireproof material is obtained.
  • the water content in the culture raw material is adjusted to be 55% to 60%, and the pH of the culture material is adjusted to 7-8.
  • the compacted seal is cultured in a dark sterile room at a temperature of 20 ° C to 30 ° C, an ambient relative humidity of 50% to 70%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 3000 PPM to 11,000 PPM for 7 days to 12 days;
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a building exterior wall fireproofing material prepared from the fungus-based biomass fireproofing material based on wheat straw.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a color steel sheet interlayer prepared from the fungus-based biomass fireproof material based on wheat straw.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a shock-resistant straw house prepared from the fungus-based biomass fireproof material based on wheat straw.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a fireproof door core panel prepared from the fungus-based biomass fireproof material based on wheat straw.
  • the fungus-based biomass fireproof material with wheat straw as main material and the preparation method thereof are provided by the invention, and the biomass fireproof material additive is added.
  • the prepared biomass fireproof material can form a dense structure, has good fireproof performance, and is an excellent fireproof material.
  • Quartz sand refers to chemical grade quartz sand, which has high fire resistance, wear resistance and stable chemical properties.
  • Talc refers to chemical grade talc. The talc has excellent physical and chemical properties such as fire resistance, acid resistance, insulation, high melting point, good hiding power, softness, good gloss and strong adsorption.
  • Potassium feldspar powder refers to chemical grade potassium feldspar powder, which has physical properties of fire resistance and high melting point.
  • the feldspar powder refers to the chemical grade feldspar powder, which has the physical properties of fire resistance, high melting point and stable chemical properties.
  • Calcium feldspar powder refers to chemical grade anorthite powder, which has the characteristics of small dielectric constant, low thermal expansion coefficient, small bulk density, high specific strength and high melting point.
  • Sodium feldspar powder refers to chemical grade albite powder, which has physical properties of high melting point and strong adsorption capacity.
  • the components of the stone powder are firstly mixed in a blender, and then mixed with the other components weighed in the mixer. After adding the biomass fireproofing material additive, the prepared sample has good compactness, good pressure resistance and strong fireproofing ability, and the fireproof grade of the tested sample can reach the B1 level.
  • the preparation process of the invention only needs to sterilize, inoculate and culture the treated material, and the energy consumption of the whole process is low.
  • the advantage of the wheat straw resource is utilized, and the straw is made into a density under the action of the fungal hyphae.
  • Biomass materials with low water absorption and good fireproof performance can be used for fireproofing of exterior walls of buildings, interlayers of color steel plates, earthquake-resistant straw houses, and fire door core plates.
  • comprehensive utilization of wheat straw resources is realized, turning waste into treasure. It avoids the pollution caused by straw disposal or incineration, protects the environment and promotes sustainable development.
  • the biomass heat insulating material prepared by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation method, low production cost, high strength, good compactness and good fireproof performance, and is an environment-friendly biomass fireproof material with great market prospect and potential.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a fungus-based biomass fireproof material using wheat straw as a main material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the fungus-based biomass fireproof material with wheat straw as main material comprises 20 parts - 60 parts wheat straw, 10 parts - 25 parts rice husk, 10 parts - 25 parts wheat bran and 20 parts by mass parts. -30 parts of biomass fireproof material additive.
  • Wheat straw is crushed to a diameter of 0mm-5mm, of which 0 mm -2mm, 2 mm -3mm, 3 mm The proportion of -5 mm wheat straw is 30%, 33% and 37%, respectively.
  • the biomass fireproofing material additive is composed of 30 parts of expanded perlite, 42 parts of stone powder, 10 parts of quartz sand, 8 parts of talc, 4 parts of quicklime and 6 parts of gypsum powder in parts by mass.
  • the stone powder is composed of 37 parts of potassium feldspar powder, 25 parts of feldspar powder, 25 parts of anorthite powder and 13 parts of sodium feldspar powder according to the mass fraction, and the fineness is 18 mesh-200 mesh; the fineness of the talcum powder is 200 mesh; expanded perlite particles range from 0 mm to 1 mm.
  • Expanded perlite with insulation, heat insulation, non-combustible, anti-aging, corrosion resistance.
  • Quartz sand refers to chemical grade quartz sand, which has high fire resistance, wear resistance and stable chemical properties.
  • Talc refers to chemical grade talc.
  • the talc has excellent physical and chemical properties such as fire resistance, acid resistance, insulation, high melting point, good hiding power, softness, good gloss and strong adsorption.
  • Potassium feldspar powder refers to chemical grade potassium feldspar powder, which has physical properties of fire resistance and high melting point.
  • the feldspar powder refers to the chemical grade feldspar powder, which has the physical properties of fire resistance, high melting point and stable chemical properties.
  • Calcium feldspar powder refers to chemical grade anorthite powder, which has the characteristics of small dielectric constant, low thermal expansion coefficient, small bulk density, high specific strength and high melting point.
  • Sodium feldspar powder refers to chemical grade albite powder, which has physical properties of high melting point and strong adsorption capacity.
  • the components of the stone powder are firstly mixed in a blender, and then mixed with the other components weighed in the mixer.
  • a method for preparing a fungus-based biomass fireproof material containing wheat straw as a main material includes the following steps:
  • S101 preparation of culture material: 20 parts - 60 parts of wheat straw, 10 parts - 25 parts of rice husk, 10 parts - 25 parts of wheat bran and 20 parts - 30 parts of biomass fireproof material additive are uniformly mixed; adding materials to the culture raw material Dry water 1.0 times -1.25 times tap water, mixing; control the water content in the culture raw material is 55% -60%, while adjusting the pH of the culture material to 7-8;
  • S102 Sterilization treatment: the culture material is placed in a sterilization bag, and sterilized on a tunnel type microwave sterilization device for 10 minutes to 20 minutes;
  • Inoculation culture the culture raw material to be sterilized is cooled to room temperature, and the solid fungus strain for production is 10%-30% in a sterile inoculation chamber. (w/w) Inoculate in the culture raw material, stir evenly; then inoculate the inoculated culture raw material into a special mold, compact and seal at a temperature of 20 ° C - 30 ° C, ambient relative humidity of 50% -70%, carbon dioxide concentration of 3000 PPM -11000 PPM dark Sterile laboratory culture for 7 days to 12 days;
  • the inoculated fungal strain is derived from the invention patent (CN105292758A), which has the characteristics of developed mycelium, strong kinking ability and wide utilization of raw materials.
  • Wheat straw is crushed to a diameter of 0mm-5mm, of which 0 mm -2mm, 2 mm -3mm, 3 mm The proportion of -5 mm wheat straw is 30%, 33% and 37%, respectively.
  • Inoculation culture the culture material to be sterilized is cooled to room temperature, and the solid fungus strain for production is 30% (w/w) in a sterile inoculation chamber. Inoculate in the culture material and stir evenly; then inoculate the inoculated culture material into a special mold, compact and seal, and then culture for 7 days in a dark sterile room with a temperature of 26 ° C, an ambient relative humidity of 65%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 3000 PPM-11000 PPM. ;
  • the inoculated fungal strain is derived from the invention patent (CN105292758A), which has the characteristics of developed mycelium, strong kinking ability and wide utilization of raw materials.
  • (1) Preparation of culture material 50 parts of wheat straw, 20 rice husk, 10 parts of wheat bran and 20 parts of biomass fireproof material additive are uniform; 1.25 times of dry weight of material dry weight is added to the culture raw material, and mixed; The water content in the raw material is 60%, while adjusting the pH of the culture material to 8;
  • Wheat straw is crushed to a diameter of 0mm-5mm, of which 0 mm -2mm, 2 mm -3mm, 3 mm The proportion of -5 mm wheat straw is 30%, 33% and 37%, respectively.
  • Inoculation culture The culture material to be sterilized is cooled to room temperature, and the solid fungus strain for production is 20% (w/w) in a sterile inoculation chamber. Inoculate in the culture material and stir evenly; then inoculate the inoculated culture material into a special mold, compact and seal, and then culture for 12 days in a dark sterile room with a temperature of 24 ° C, an ambient relative humidity of 65%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 3000 PPM-11000 PPM. ;
  • the inoculated fungal strain is derived from the invention patent (CN105292758A), which has the characteristics of developed mycelium, strong kinking ability and wide utilization of raw materials.

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Abstract

一种以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料及其制备方法，按照质量份数由20份‑60份小麦秸秆、10份‑25份稻谷壳、10‑25份麦麸和20‑30份生物质防火材料添加剂组成；所述制备方法包括：培养料的准备；灭菌处理；接种培养。以小麦秸秆等生物质材料为原料，利用真菌菌丝生长迅速、菌丝体扭结力强的特性，将小麦秸秆等生物质材料转化为环境友好型生物质防火材料，该生物质防火材料制备方法简单、生产成本低、强度高、致密性好、防火性能佳，是一种极具市场前景与潜力的环境友好型生物质防火材料。

Description

以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于环境友好型生物质防火材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
进入21世纪，建筑业发展迅猛，建筑事业的发展离不开建筑防火材料的应用，尤其是在当前建筑向高层化迈进趋势下，作为新时期背景下的建筑施工企业，要想在竞争日益激烈的环节中谋求生存和发展，就必须在建筑施工中加强防火建筑材料的应用。目前建筑方面的主要石膏板、纤维增强水泥板材、钢丝网夹芯复合板材、金属复合板材和金属板材、岩棉和矿渣棉、硅酸铝纤维、膨胀蛭石、膨胀蛭石等。但其存在着费用昂贵、易污染环境的缺点，仍然不能满足实际需要。因此，探索新型防火材料，提高防火材料品质、降低生产成本，进一步整合资源、集中力量，推动我国防火材料研究再上新台阶，对提高我国建筑业质量水平，具有十分重要的意义。我国从古至今，就有利用植物秸秆纤维掺杂泥土来制成防火墙体的记载。我国是农业大国，生物质材料十分丰富。据统计，我国每年农作物秸秆的材料的产量高达6亿吨以上。为了实现秸秆资源循环利用，国家发改委、农业部联合于2009 年2 月发布了《关于编制秸秆综合利用规划的指导意见》，在全国建立较完善的秸秆产业化综合利用格局，尤其重点解决玉米、小麦、水稻等量大面广的秸秆。小麦是我国的第二大粮食作物，每年小麦秸秆的产量达到1.3亿吨。小麦秸秆营养丰富，纤维素含量40％-45％，半纤维素含量24％-28％，木质素含量19％-25％。目前，部分小麦秸秆主要被用于有秸秆人造板、能源化利用、秸秆饲料、食用菌种植、以及秸秆还田等方面；但是每年还有相当大部分的小麦秸秆被焚烧掉，这不仅浪费资源，同时也造成环境的污染。因此，如何充分利用我国的小麦秸秆资源，是一个急需解决的问题。我国真菌资源丰富，其中，食用真菌资源约占全世界总量的50％，许多真菌具有原料利用范围广，菌丝体发达、菌丝体扭结能力强和强度高等优点。因此，以我国丰富的小麦秸秆资源为主要原料，接种特定真菌，开发新型的防火材料，达到资源循环高效利用的目的。
综上所述，目前的小麦秸秆被焚烧掉，不仅浪费资源，同时也造成环境污染。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料及其制备方法，旨在解决小麦秸秆被焚烧掉，不仅浪费资源，同时也造成环境污染的问题。
本发明是这样实现的，以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料，所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料按照质量份数由20份-60份小麦秸秆、10份-25份稻谷壳、10份-25份麦麸和20份-30份生物质防火材料添加剂组成；
所述生物质防火材料添加剂按照质量份数由30份膨胀珍珠岩、42份石粉、10份石英砂、8份滑石粉、4份生石灰和6份石膏粉组成；
所述石粉按照质量份数由37份钾长石粉、25份正长石粉、25份钙长石粉和13份钠长石粉均匀混合组成。
进一步，所述小麦秸秆粉碎至直径为0mm-5mm，其中0 mm -2mm，2 mm -3mm，3 mm -5mm的小麦秸秆所占的比例分别为30%、33%和37%。
进一步，所述石粉细度在18目-200目；滑石粉的细度为200目；膨胀珍珠岩颗粒大小为0 mm -1mm。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料的制备方法，所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一，培养料的准备：20份-60份小麦秸秆、10份-25份稻谷壳、10份-25份麦麸和20份-30份生物质防火材料添加剂混合均匀；向培养原料中添加物料干重的1.0倍-1.25倍自来水，混匀；
步骤二，灭菌处理：将培养料装入灭菌袋，于隧道式微波灭菌设备上灭菌10分钟-20分钟；
步骤三，接种培养：待灭菌处理后的培养原料冷却至室温，于无菌接种室内将生产用固体真菌菌种按10% w/w -30% w/w接种于培养原料中，搅拌均匀；然后将接种后的培养原料装入专用模具内，压实密封后于黑暗无菌室内培养；
步骤四，样品干燥：待模具中的材料上长满厚厚一层菌丝后，将样品从模具内取出，于80℃-108℃条件下干燥，直至样品的含水量干燥到低于15%为止，即得所述生物质防火材料。
进一步，所述步骤一中调控培养原料中的含水量为55%-60%，同时调节培养料的pH至7-8。
进一步，所述步骤三中压实密封后于温度20℃-30℃、环境相对湿度50%-70%、二氧化碳浓度3000PPM-11000PPM的黑暗无菌室内培养7天-12天；
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种由所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料制备的建筑外墙防火材料。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种由所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料制备的彩钢板夹层。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种由所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料制备的抗震性秸秆房屋。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种由所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料制备的防火门芯板。
本发明提供的以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料及其制备方法，加入生物质防火材料添加剂后。可以使制作出的生物质防火材料形成致密的结构，具有良好的防火性能，是优良的防火材料。膨胀珍珠岩，具有保温、隔热、不燃、抗老化、耐腐蚀的特性。石英砂是指化工级的石英砂，具有耐火性能高、耐磨、化学性能稳定。滑石粉是指化工级滑石粉，滑石具有耐火性、抗酸性、绝缘性、熔点高、遮盖力良好、柔软、光泽好、吸附力强等优良的物理、化学特性。钾长石粉指化工级钾长石粉，具有耐火性、熔点高的物理特性。正长石粉指化工级正长石粉，具有耐火性、熔点高的物理特性，化学性质稳定。钙长石粉指化工级钙长石粉，具有介电常数小、热膨胀系数低、体积密度小、比强度高、熔点高的物质特性。钠长石粉指化工级钠长石粉，具有熔点高、吸附能力强的物理特性。使用前，先称取石粉的各组份于搅拌机内混合均匀，然后再与称取的其它组分于搅拌机内混合均匀。添加生物质防火材料添加剂后，使制作出来的样品的致密性好，抗压效果好，防火能力强，经测试样品的防火等级能到达B1级。
本发明的制作过程只需将处理后的材料进行灭菌、接种培养、干燥，整个过程能耗较低，利用小麦秸秆资源的自身优势，在真菌菌丝的作用下将秸秆制成密度小、吸水率低、防火性能好的生物质材料，可以用于建筑的外墙防火，彩钢板的夹层，抗震性秸秆房屋，防火门芯板；同时，实现麦秆资源的综合利用，变废为宝，避免了秸秆胡乱丢弃或焚烧产生的污染，保护了环境，促进可持续发展。本发明制备的生物质保温材料制备方法简单、生产成本低、强度高、致密性好、防火性能佳，是一种极具市场前景与潜力的环境友好型生物质防火材料。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料的制备方法流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
下面结合附图对本发明的应用原理作详细的描述。
本发明实施例提供的以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料按照质量份数由20份-60份小麦秸秆、10份-25份稻谷壳、10份-25份麦麸和20份-30份生物质防火材料添加剂组成。
小麦秸秆粉碎至直径为0mm-5mm，其中0 mm -2mm，2 mm -3mm，3 mm -5mm的小麦秸秆所占的比例分别为30%、33%和37%。
所述生物质防火材料添加剂按照质量份数由30份膨胀珍珠岩、42份石粉、10份石英砂、8份滑石粉、4份生石灰和6份石膏粉组成。
所述石粉按照质量份数由37份钾长石粉、25份正长石粉、25份钙长石粉和13份钠长石粉均匀混合组成，细度在18目-200目；滑石粉的细度为200目；膨胀珍珠岩颗粒大小为0mm-1mm。
膨胀珍珠岩，具有保温、隔热、不燃、抗老化、耐腐蚀的特性。
石英砂是指化工级的石英砂，具有耐火性能高、耐磨、化学性能稳定。
滑石粉是指化工级滑石粉，滑石具有耐火性、抗酸性、绝缘性、熔点高、遮盖力良好、柔软、光泽好、吸附力强等优良的物理、化学特性。
钾长石粉指化工级钾长石粉，具有耐火性、熔点高的物理特性。
正长石粉指化工级正长石粉，具有耐火性、熔点高的物理特性，化学性质稳定。
钙长石粉指化工级钙长石粉，具有介电常数小、热膨胀系数低、体积密度小、比强度高、熔点高的物质特性。
钠长石粉指化工级钠长石粉，具有熔点高、吸附能力强的物理特性。
使用前，先称取石粉的各组份于搅拌机内混合均匀，然后再与称取的其它组分于搅拌机内混合均匀。
如图1所示，本发明实施例提供的以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S101：培养料的准备：20份-60份小麦秸秆、10份-25份稻谷壳、10份-25份麦麸和20份-30份生物质防火材料添加剂混合均匀；向培养原料中添加物料干重的1.0倍-1.25倍自来水，混匀；调控培养原料中的含水量为55%-60%，同时调节培养料的pH至7-8；
S102：灭菌处理：将培养料装入灭菌袋，于隧道式微波灭菌设备上灭菌10分钟-20分钟；
S103：接种培养：待灭菌处理后的培养原料冷却至室温，于无菌接种室内将生产用固体真菌菌种按10%-30% (w/w) 接种于培养原料中，搅拌均匀；然后将接种后的培养原料装入专用模具内，压实密封后于温度20℃-30℃、环境相对湿度50%-70%、二氧化碳浓度3000PPM-11000PPM的黑暗无菌室内培养7天-12天；
S104：样品干燥：待模具中的材料上长满厚厚一层菌丝后，将样品从模具内取出，于80℃-108℃条件下干燥，直至样品的含水量干燥到低于15%为止，即得所述生物质防火材料。
接种的真菌菌种来自发明专利（CN105292758A），该菌种具有菌丝体发达、扭结能力强、原料利用范围广的特点。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的应用原理作进一步的描述。
实施例1
本发明实施例提供的以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料的制备方法具体步骤为：
（1）培养料的准备：将40份小麦秸秆、18稻谷壳、15份麦麸和27份生物质防火材料添加剂均匀；向培养原料中添加物料干重的1.25倍自来水，混匀；调控培养原料中的含水量为60%，同时调节培养料的pH至8；
小麦秸秆粉碎至直径为0mm-5mm，其中0 mm -2mm，2 mm -3mm，3 mm -5mm的小麦秸秆所占的比例分别为30%、33%和37%。
（2）灭菌处理：将培养料装入灭菌袋，于隧道式微波灭菌设备上灭菌15分钟；
（3）接种培养：待灭菌处理后的培养原料冷却至室温，于无菌接种室内将生产用固体真菌菌种按30% (w/w) 接种于培养原料中，搅拌均匀；然后将接种后的培养原料装入专用模具内，压实密封后于温度26℃、环境相对湿度65%、二氧化碳浓度3000PPM-11000PPM的黑暗无菌室内培养7天；
接种的真菌菌种来自发明专利（CN105292758A），该菌种具有菌丝体发达、扭结能力强、原料利用范围广的特点。
（4）样品干燥：待模具中的材料上长满厚厚一层菌丝后，将样品从模具内取出，于80℃条件下干燥，直至样品的含水量干燥到低于15%为止，即得所述生物质防火材料。
实施例2
本发明实施例提供的以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料的制备方法具体步骤为：
（1）培养料的准备：将50份小麦秸秆、20稻谷壳、10份麦麸和20份生物质防火材料添加剂均匀；向培养原料中添加物料干重的1.25倍自来水，混匀；调控培养原料中的含水量为60%，同时调节培养料的pH至8；
小麦秸秆粉碎至直径为0mm-5mm，其中0 mm -2mm，2 mm -3mm，3 mm -5mm的小麦秸秆所占的比例分别为30%、33%和37%。
（2）灭菌处理：将培养料装入灭菌袋，于隧道式微波灭菌设备上灭菌15分钟；
（3）接种培养：待灭菌处理后的培养原料冷却至室温，于无菌接种室内将生产用固体真菌菌种按20% (w/w) 接种于培养原料中，搅拌均匀；然后将接种后的培养原料装入专用模具内，压实密封后于温度24℃、环境相对湿度65%、二氧化碳浓度3000PPM-11000PPM的黑暗无菌室内培养12天；
接种的真菌菌种来自发明专利（CN105292758A），该菌种具有菌丝体发达、扭结能力强、原料利用范围广的特点。
（4）样品干燥：待模具中的材料上长满厚厚一层菌丝后，将样品从模具内取出，于80℃条件下干燥，直至样品的含水量干燥到低于15%为止，即得所述生物质防火材料。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料，其特征在于，所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料按照质量份数由20份-60份小麦秸秆、10份-25份稻谷壳、10份-25份麦麸和20份-30份生物质防火材料添加剂组成；
    所述生物质防火材料添加剂按照质量份数由30份膨胀珍珠岩、42份石粉、10份石英砂、8份滑石粉、4份生石灰和6份石膏粉组成；
    所述石粉按照质量份数由37份钾长石粉、25份正长石粉、25份钙长石粉和13份钠长石粉均匀混合组成。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料，其特征在于，所述小麦秸秆粉碎至直径为0mm-5mm，其中0 mm -2mm，2 mm -3mm，3 mm -5mm的小麦秸秆所占的比例分别为30%、33%和37%。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料，其特征在于，所述石粉细度在18目-200目；滑石粉的细度为200目；膨胀珍珠岩颗粒大小为0mm-1mm。
  4. 一种如权利要求1所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤一，培养料的准备：20份-60份小麦秸秆、10份-25份稻谷壳、10份-25份麦麸和20份-30份生物质防火材料添加剂混合均匀；向培养原料中添加物料干重的1.0倍-1.25倍自来水，混匀；
    步骤二，灭菌处理：将培养料装入灭菌袋，于隧道式微波灭菌设备上灭菌10分钟-20分钟；
    步骤三，接种培养：待灭菌处理后的培养原料冷却至室温，于无菌接种室内将生产用固体真菌菌种按10% w/w -30% w/w接种于培养原料中，搅拌均匀；然后将接种后的培养原料装入专用模具内，压实密封后于黑暗无菌室内培养；
    步骤四，样品干燥：待模具中的材料上长满厚厚一层菌丝后，将样品从模具内取出，于80℃-108℃条件下干燥，直至样品的含水量干燥到低于15%为止，即得所述生物质防火材料。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤一中调控培养原料中的含水量为55%-60%，同时调节培养料的pH至7-8。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤三中压实密封后于温度20℃-30℃、环境相对湿度50%-70%、二氧化碳浓度3000PPM-11000PPM的黑暗无菌室内培养7天-12天。
  7. 一种由权利要求1~3任意一项所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料制备的建筑外墙防火材料。
  8. 一种由权利要求1~3任意一项所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料制备的彩钢板夹层。
  9. 一种由权利要求1~3任意一项所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料制备的抗震性秸秆房屋。
  10. 一种由权利要求1~3任意一项所述以小麦秸秆为主料的真菌基生物质防火材料制备的防火门芯板。
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