WO2018076660A1 - 生物絮团及其在例如污泥无害化处理和工业水净化处理中的应用 - Google Patents

生物絮团及其在例如污泥无害化处理和工业水净化处理中的应用 Download PDF

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WO2018076660A1
WO2018076660A1 PCT/CN2017/083530 CN2017083530W WO2018076660A1 WO 2018076660 A1 WO2018076660 A1 WO 2018076660A1 CN 2017083530 W CN2017083530 W CN 2017083530W WO 2018076660 A1 WO2018076660 A1 WO 2018076660A1
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sludge
bacteria
bacillus subtilis
microbial agent
fermentation
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PCT/CN2017/083530
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郭大磊
柳永平
王学钧
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昆山工研院华科生物高分子材料研究所有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201610985147.XA external-priority patent/CN106754461B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710265367.XA external-priority patent/CN106946630A/zh
Application filed by 昆山工研院华科生物高分子材料研究所有限公司 filed Critical 昆山工研院华科生物高分子材料研究所有限公司
Priority to US16/305,853 priority Critical patent/US20190300407A1/en
Publication of WO2018076660A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018076660A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/10Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C02F3/341Consortia of bacteria
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80Soil conditioners
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/14Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
    • C09K17/16Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as platelets or granules
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14Fungi; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/16Yeasts; Culture media therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/205Bacterial isolates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/14Hydrolases (3)
    • C12N9/48Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
    • C12N9/50Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25)
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/302Nitrification and denitrification treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12RINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/02Acetobacter
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    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12RINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/07Bacillus
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    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12RINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/07Bacillus
    • C12R2001/10Bacillus licheniformis
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12RINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/07Bacillus
    • C12R2001/125Bacillus subtilis ; Hay bacillus; Grass bacillus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a biological floc and a preparation method thereof.
  • the biofloc is suitable for water pollution environmental treatment and purification treatment of liquid discharges in aquaculture and other farms, and is also suitable for soil remediation and improvement of saline-alkali land, industrial water purification treatment. .
  • the invention also relates to the technical field of sludge harmless treatment of sewage treatment plants, in particular to the application of a biological floc in the harmless treatment of sewage treatment plant sludge, in particular to an organic bacterial fertilizer using sludge as raw material. And its preparation method.
  • bioflocs appears in the aquaculture sector.
  • Biological flocs in aquaculture It refers to organisms and inorganic substances mainly composed of aerobic microorganisms in aquaculture water.
  • the agglomerates formed by bioflocculation are mostly composed of bacteria, floating plants, organic debris and some inorganic substances.
  • biofloc technology Bio-flocTechnology,technology, BFT
  • Biofloc technology is the earliest Proposed by the Israeli farming expert Avnimelec in 1999 and in 2005 Successfully tested in Indonesia in the year.
  • biofloc technology is considered to be an environmental constraint and feed for the development of aquaculture industry.
  • the cost-effective alternative technology not only reduces the cost of the bait, but also solves the water quality problem in the breeding process.
  • the sludge treatment process unit mainly includes processes such as sludge concentration, dehydration, digestion, fermentation, and drying.
  • Landfill means that the sludge is disposed of in a special landfill, and is flattened and compacted to cover the soil like a normal solid waste
  • incineration means that the sludge is used in the incineration process.
  • bioflocs have long been known in the field of aquaculture, there has never been a report on the application of bioflocs to the treatment of organic bacterial fertilizers by sludge innocuous treatment. At the same time, there is no formulation of bioflocs and preparation processes thereof. Reports, there are no reports of organic bacterial fertilizers using bioflocs. In addition, there have been no reports of applying bioflocs to water purification treatment, soil remediation and saline-alkali improvement and achieving excellent results.
  • the invention provides a technology for preparing bioflocs by using straw resources, and further studies the application of bioflocs, in particular, the application of bioflocs in industrial water purification treatment and sludge decontamination treatment, and has achieved remarkable results.
  • the effect helps to solve the problems of sludge harmless treatment and crop straw treatment.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a biofloc and a preparation method thereof.
  • the biofloc of the present invention has low cost and is not only suitable for aquaculture, but also suitable for water purification, soil remediation and saline-alkali improvement, industrial water treatment, Application in the field of sludge innocuous treatment.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide the application of the biological floc of the present invention in aquaculture, and is also suitable for the fields of water purification, soil remediation and saline-alkali improvement, industrial water treatment, sludge decontamination treatment and the like.
  • the third object of the present invention is to provide an organic bacterial fertilizer prepared by using the biological floc and the sludge of the invention as raw materials, which has excellent fertilizer efficiency and low cost.
  • the present invention provides a biofloc comprising a decomposed straw powder, a first microbial agent, a nitrifying bacteria and a denitrifying bacteria, wherein the first microbial agent comprises the first Bacillus subtilis and is selectively placed Nematode.
  • the first Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis KX-1 with the accession number CCTCC NoM208057 Bacillus subtilis KX-2 with the accession number CCTCC NoM208058 and Bacillus subtilis KX-4 with the accession number CCTCC NoM208060
  • the combination further preferably, the mass ratio of the three is 1: 0.4 to 0.85: 0.5 to 0.85.
  • the first microbial agent comprises actinomycetes.
  • the actinomycete and the deposit number are CCTCC NoM208057
  • the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis KX-1 is 0.3 ⁇ 0.75:1.
  • the first microbial agent further comprises other beneficial microorganisms, including but not limited to lactic acid bacteria, natto bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, Bacillus licheniformis, and the like. It may be a combination of one or more of them.
  • the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis KX-1 to said other beneficial microorganisms is 1:0.1 to 0.8 More preferably, it is 1:0.5 to 0.8.
  • the amount of the first microbial agent is generally from 5 wt% to 25 wt% of the decomposed straw powder. .
  • the first microbial agent is used in an amount of 8 wt% to 20 wt% of the decomposed straw powder, and further preferably, the first microbial agent is used in an amount of 12 wt% to 20 wt% of the decomposed straw powder. .
  • the amount of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria is generally greater than or equal to 80 ml / Every kilogram of decomposed straw powder.
  • the amount of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria is greater than or equal to 100 ml per kilogram of decomposed straw powder.
  • the biofloc is generally obtained by adding a first microbial agent to the decomposed straw powder, mixing, and then sequentially adding nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria.
  • the biofloc has a moisture content of from 10% by weight to 30% by weight.
  • the decomposed straw powder is obtained by pulverizing the straw after fermentation and decomposing.
  • the decomposed straw can be carried out by using the existing fermentation decomposing method.
  • it is preferably prepared according to the method of the present invention which will be described below.
  • the method is not limited by temperature conditions, and the prepared decomposed straw powder can be ensured at a very low temperature, and the straw is more thoroughly cooked and has a higher Nutritional ingredients, while also storing a large number of beneficial bacteria.
  • the second technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a preparation method of the biological floc of the present invention, which comprises the following steps:
  • the second microbial agent is activated, and then mixed with the nutrient, and then mixed with the dry straw and the selective volcanic rock biological agent, the straw is piled and decomposed, and finally crushed to Above 80 mesh, the volcanic rock biological preparation comprises a volcanic rock particle carrier and a third microbial agent implanted on the volcanic rock particle carrier;
  • the second microbial agent and the third microbial agent respectively comprise Bacillus subtilis having the accession number CCTCC NoM208057 KX-1, Actinomycetes, Bacillus subtilis KX-2 with accession number CCTCC NoM208058, Bacillus subtilis KX-4 with accession number CCTCC NoM208060
  • the mass ratio of the four is 1: 0.3 ⁇ 0.75: 0.4 ⁇ 0.85: 0.5 ⁇ 0.85.
  • the second microbial agent, the third microbial agent, Bacillus subtilis KX-1, actinomycetes, Bacillus subtilis KX-2 The mass ratio of B. subtilis KX-4 was 1:0.6 ⁇ 0.7:0.7 ⁇ 0.8:0.7 ⁇ 0.8.
  • the second microbial agent comprises an enzyme preparation such that its acid protease is ⁇ 2000 u/g, and the neutral protease is ⁇ 10000 u/g. , cellulase ⁇ 10000u / g.
  • the enzyme preparation is an acid protease, a neutral protease, a cellulase, and when an enzyme in the microbial agent is insufficient, a corresponding enzyme preparation is added.
  • the second microbial agent and the second microbial agent further comprise other beneficial microorganisms and enzyme preparations, respectively, and the other beneficial microorganisms may be, for example, selected from the group consisting of lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeasts, A combination of one or more of Bacillus licheniformis.
  • the second microbial agent comprises the other beneficial microorganism and the Bacillus subtilis in the second microbial agent
  • the mass ratio of KX-1 to other beneficial microorganisms is 1:0.1 to 0.8, more preferably 1:0.5 to 0.8.
  • the third microbial agent comprises the other beneficial microorganism and the Bacillus subtilis in the third microbial agent
  • the mass ratio of KX-1 to other beneficial microorganisms is 1:0.1 to 0.8, more preferably 1:0.5 to 0.8.
  • the volcanic rock biologic preparation is prepared by the following steps:
  • the third microbial agent and water according to the mass ratio of 1:20 ⁇ 50 It is configured as a bacterial liquid, and then the nitrogen source and the carbon source are added to activate the strain.
  • the number of viable bacteria is > 5 billion / mL.
  • the volcanic rock particle carrier is immersed in the bacterial liquid for 24 to 72 hours, and then the volcanic rock particle carrier is removed and drained to obtain the volcanic rock biological preparation.
  • the mass ratio of the second microbial agent to the dry straw is 1:1000-2000. .
  • the step (1) In the case, the volcanic rock biological preparation is used, and the mass ratio of the second microbial agent, the volcanic rock biological preparation, and the dry straw is 1:50 ⁇ 80: 1000 ⁇ 2000.
  • bacterial activation can be carried out by a conventional method.
  • the nutritive substance comprises urea and amino acid particles.
  • the humidity is controlled to be 50 to 65%.
  • the vent pipe is inserted, and then the film is covered on the pile, and the temperature to be piled up is raised to 50-60. °C, remove the film covered above the ventilating tube and continue to ferment for 10 ⁇ 15 days, then turn over the hydration and continue to ferment for 5 ⁇ 15 days to complete the fermentation.
  • the third technical solution adopted by the present invention is as described above.
  • biofloc of the invention can be used for aquaculture, and if other engineering bacteria are added, it is still a very good bioremediation material, such as for soil remediation and saline-alkali improvement.
  • bioflocs can also be used as industrial water treatment MBR
  • the bio-filler replaces the activated sludge and reduces the amount of sludge.
  • the biological floc is placed in the river to effectively treat the river water.
  • bioflocs can replace existing bioflocculants and activated sludge to effectively remove ammonia nitrogen.
  • a fourth technical solution of the present invention is: an organic bacterial fertilizer, the raw material formulation of the organic bacterial fertilizer comprising sludge, the biological floc of the present invention, and a fermentation bacterium.
  • the fermentation bacterium comprises a second Bacillus subtilis.
  • the fermentation bacterium is a second Bacillus subtilis.
  • the second Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis deposited under CCTCC NoM208057 KX-1, Bacillus subtilis KX-2 with accession number CCTCC NoM208058, Bacillus subtilis KX-4 with accession number CCTCC NoM208060 a combination of one or more of them.
  • the Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis deposited under CCTCC NoM208057 KX-1, Bacillus subtilis KX-2 with accession number CCTCC NoM208058, Bacillus subtilis KX-4 with accession number CCTCC NoM208060
  • the combination of the three mass ratios is 1: 0.4 ⁇ 0.85: 0.5 ⁇ 0.85.
  • 'first Bacillus subtilis' and 'second Bacillus subtilis' are defined only to distinguish between the biofloc and the organic bacterial fertilizer, respectively, including Bacillus subtilis, and 'first Bacillus subtilis', 'Second Bacillus subtilis' may be the same or different.
  • the sludge preferably contains aged sludge from a municipal sewage treatment plant having a mass ratio of 70% or more and/or Or dry the sludge.
  • the sludge is preferably activated sludge.
  • the sludge does not contain a flocculating agent or a coagulant, and various heavy metal indexes meet the national standard NY884-2012.
  • the mass ratio of the bioflocs to the sludge is preferably from 1:1 to 20, more preferably from 1:3 to 10. Further, it is preferably 1 : 5 to 10 .
  • the proportion of the weight of the fermentation bacteria (dry bacteria) to the sludge is 0.01% or more. Just fine.
  • the ratio of the weight of the fermentation bacterium (dry bacteria) to the sludge is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 1% or less, and most preferably 0.5% or less.
  • the fermenting bacteria accounts for 0.01% to 1% by weight of the sludge. . Further preferably, the fermenting bacteria (dry bacteria) accounts for 0.05% to 0.5% by weight of the sludge.
  • the organic bacterial fertilizer is a mixture of a fermentation product or a fermentation product obtained by fermenting the sludge, a biofloc, and a fermentation bacterium with other fertilizer additives.
  • the other fertilizer additives may be those commonly used in the art.
  • the other fertilizer additive comprises a sustained release agent such that the prepared organic bacterial fertilizer is a slow release fertilizer.
  • the fifth technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for preparing the above organic bacterial fertilizer of the present invention, the method comprising:
  • Step (1) composting, fermentation
  • Step (2) Turning over and hydrating
  • the mixture treated by the step (2) is subjected to compost fermentation to ferment ripening;
  • the mixture obtained by the step (3) re-fermentation is subjected to granulation molding to obtain a granulated organic bacterial fertilizer.
  • the above-mentioned 'highest point' is the upper temperature limit which can be achieved in the temperature of the mixture fermentation during the fermentation of the mixture.
  • the core temperature of the mixture first rises and then falls, when the difference between the surface temperature of the mixture and the mixture is When the temperature is within ⁇ 5 °C, the fermentation is mature.
  • step (3) step (4) is directly performed, or step (3) is performed.
  • the product is mixed with other fertilizer additives and then subjected to step (4).
  • the other fertilizer additive comprises a sustained release agent
  • the prepared organic bacterial fertilizer is a slow release fertilizer
  • Bacillus subtilis KX-1 Bacillus subtilis KX-2
  • Bacillus subtilis KX-4 are deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection.
  • the first microbial agent, the second microbial agent and the third microbial agent according to the present invention do not contain nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria.
  • the first microbial agent, the second microbial agent, and the third microbial agent may be the same or different. In a specific embodiment, they are the same.
  • the microbial agent may be a mixture of a plurality of substances as described above; or a plurality of substances may be individually packaged, and may be mixed according to a ratio when used.
  • the microbial agent is a mixture of a plurality of substances as above.
  • the straw of the present invention may be straw of any crop, such as corn stover, rice straw and the like.
  • the invention further relates to the use of a biofloc application as described above for the preparation of a fertilizer in a sludge decontamination treatment.
  • the fertilizer is an organic bacterial fertilizer.
  • Specific methods include, for example, fermentation of bioflocs, sludge, and fermentation bacteria mixed compost.
  • the invention applies the biological floc to the waste sludge of the urban sewage treatment plant, and the harmless treatment thereof is made into the organic fertilizer, which can quickly solve the problem of accumulation, pollution and waste of agricultural waste, and realize the recycling of resources. .
  • the agricultural production vigorously promote the application of organic fertilizer, with little or no application of chemical fertilizers, which will effectively promote the sustainable development of agriculture and realize the harmless treatment and resource utilization of agriculture and industrial waste.
  • bioflocs to process sludge into organic fertilizers reduces environmental pollution problems, prevents organic waste from polluting the environment, improves urban and rural ecological environment, and is beneficial to human health.
  • organic fertilizer is applied to the soil instead of Part of the fertilizer, improved soil structure, increased soil nutrient content, improved soil biological activity, played a role in nutrient returning, fertilizing soil and improving crop quality, increasing agricultural output, and effectively promoting farmers' income.
  • the investment in the crop industry has been reduced, which has finally played a positive role in promoting the development of ecological agriculture and organic agriculture.
  • the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
  • the invention provides a formula of a biological floc, which is mainly composed of decomposed straw powder, and the main technical indexes thereof are even better than the same type of bioflocs in foreign countries by adding specific microbial agents, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and The experiment proves that the biological floc is very effective in purifying the river sewage.
  • the preparation method of the biological floc of the invention in the preparation of the decomposed straw powder, the low-temperature bacteria as the induced bacteria, which contains a plurality of complex functional beneficial microorganisms mainly composed of the hay (including natto) Bacillus and actinomycetes, and can Breeding under low temperature conditions, promoting the high-speed reproduction of other fungi. It can not only fertilize at high temperature, but also fertilize at low temperature. It is not restricted by regions and seasons.
  • the invention further combines the volcanic rock abundant in Jilin, utilizes the porous and large surface structure of the volcanic rock, exerts its water retention, can serve as a carrier of the microbial agent, and enhances the heat dissipation function, and solves the problem of utilization of natural mineral resources.
  • the organic bacterial fertilizer provided by the invention is mainly composed of sludge, is matched with the biological floc of the invention, and is mixed with a fermenting agent, which has significantly better fertilizer efficiency and raw materials than the organic fertilizer currently sold on the market.
  • the source is wide and the cost is low, especially solving the problem of harmless treatment of sludge and disposal of discarded straw resources.
  • Figure 1 is a picture of the decomposed straw powder prepared in Example 1;
  • Example 2 is a picture of a biofloc prepared in Example 2;
  • Figure 3 is a picture of sludge from a municipal sewage treatment plant
  • Figure 4 shows the variation of core temperature and surface temperature during the process of heap rot of the organic bacterial fertilizer of the present application
  • Figure 5 is a state diagram of the mixed material during the turning process
  • Figure 6 shows a specific shape of the granular organic bacterial fertilizer after granulation molding.
  • Bio floc of the invention In order to use crop straw as a starting material, a specific microbial strain is added, and the natural bio-new material produced by bioengineering (deep fermentation) is selectively matched with the fine particles of Changbai Mountain volcanic rock.
  • the biological floc of the invention can not only fully utilize the straw which used to be waste, but also turn waste into treasure, and reduce the pollution caused by the burning straw.
  • the straw In the fermentation process, under the effect of beneficial low temperature bacteria, the straw is thoroughly matured, the product has extremely high nutrient content, and a large number of beneficial bacteria are also stored.
  • the mature straw is processed into a fine mesh of 80 mesh or more, preferably 80-100 To form a high-quality biological skeleton, and then properly add bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, and natto bacteria added during fermentation, and then spray nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in sequence to control moisture 10-30%. Between, you get the biofloc.
  • the biofloc rapidly forms a biofilm in the water body, fully decomposes the organic matter and ammonia nitrogen in the water, and finally converts into nitrogen, thereby maintaining the water quality of the aquaculture water.
  • the beneficial bacteria added in the floc can effectively improve the intestinal tract of aquaculture, help digestion and absorption, enhance immunity and reduce the bait coefficient.
  • the microorganisms Due to the biofloc during the pre-fermentation process, the microorganisms completely decompose and utilize the degradable material of the straw. Therefore, it is released into the water body, does not increase the load, does not pollute the water body, does not cause secondary pollution, and contains beneficial bacteria to purify the water body.
  • bioremediation material such as for soil remediation and saline and alkali improvement, and also as industrial water treatment.
  • the bio-filler in the MBR replaces the activated sludge and reduces the amount of sludge.
  • the invention also proposes to combine the biological floc with the sludge to form a fertilizer.
  • Sludge is a sediment of urban sewage.
  • the sludge contains organic matter rich in nutrients necessary for plant growth. It has a good effect of improving soil physical and chemical properties, is the main source of soil microbial energy and nutrients, and is an important measure to reduce agricultural costs. It is an important link to maintain and promote soil nutrient balance and fertilize soil. It can significantly increase soil organic matter content, significantly reduce nitrogen leaching in soil, weaken pollution of groundwater by inorganic fertilizers, and mediate soil water, fertilizer, gas, The thermal condition and the ability to maintain fertilizer and water retention have a promoting effect, especially for soils with poor structure, which are rare improvements. Fermenting sludge into organic fertilizer can not only reduce urban pollution, recycle waste, and apply farmland, but also fertilize soil and improve the quality of agricultural products.
  • Bacillus subtilis KX-1 accession number CCTCC NoM208057 25%
  • Bacillus subtilis KX-2 accession number CCTCC NoM208058 20%
  • Bacillus subtilis KX-4 accession number CCTCC NoM208060 20%
  • Bacillus subtilis KX-1 can survive at 2 ⁇ 8 °C.
  • the volcanic rock biologics are made of porous and large surface area of volcanic rocks and contain a large amount of dozens of minerals such as silicon, potassium, sodium, iron, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, titanium, manganese, iron, nickel and cobalt. And trace elements, as well as the chelation of heavy metals, using it as a carrier, implanting a variety of beneficial microbial flora (including actinomycetes, Bacillus, etc.) that are harmless to humans and animals and other organisms.
  • the volcanic biological preparation has the functions of microbial enrichment and slow release in the composting process and the effect of heat dissipation and ventilation. In addition, it can retain water and store water, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, effectively improve the microbial environment of plant roots, and provide trace elements for crop growth. plant growth.
  • Bacillus subtilis KX-1 accession number CCTCC NoM208057 25%
  • Bacillus subtilis KX-2 accession number CCTCC NoM20805820%
  • Bacillus subtilis KX-4 accession number CCTCC NoM208060 20%
  • the third microbial agent is placed into a clean square tank with water inlet, aeration, heating temperature control and drainage function, according to 1:20 ⁇ 50 Dilute, add a certain amount of nitrogen source, carbon source, activate the strain;
  • Bacillus sp. was mostly in the vegetative state, and the number of viable cells detected by the colony colony counting method was > 5 billion / mL.
  • the treated carrier can be immersed in a square groove;
  • large mixer large-scale mortar mixer after the forward and outgoing type.
  • large sprayer used to mix the mixture of bacteria and nutrient solution when mixing.
  • agricultural plastic film a number.
  • Breathable tube plastic tube with a diameter of about 10cm and perforated around it.
  • the pulverized straw is fed from the front end (feeding port) of the mixer, and after adding the volcanic biological preparation, the sprayer is sprayed from both ends to the feed port and the discharge port simultaneously. 3) The mixture is stirred and evenly output from the rear end of the mixer for stacking.
  • the pile is made into a conical shape (the bottom diameter is about 3 meters) or a long trapezoidal shape (the bottom width is 2m, the height is 1.5m, and the upper width is 1.0m). ), depending on the actual situation, and placed a venting tube, covering the film, for fermentation. After the temperature reaches 50 ⁇ 60 °C after 3 days, the film covered on the vent tube is removed.
  • the whole decomposing process is completed, the straw becomes brown or dark brown; the pile has a biologically fermented scent of earthy smell and ammonia smell; the pile is covered with a large amount of white hyphae and the texture is evacuated.
  • Table 1 Name item Dry rice straw After maturity Moisture (%) 9 62 Organic matter ( g/Kg ) 53.96 358.77 Total nitrogen ( g/Kg ) 4.3 15.22 Total phosphorus ( g/Kg ) 1.87 2.69 Total potassium ( g/Kg ) 7.9 18.49
  • Bacillus subtilis KX-2 accession number CCTCC NoM208058 20%
  • Bacillus subtilis KX-4 accession number CCTCC NoM208060 20%
  • the microbial agents implanted in the volcanic rock biological preparations are:
  • Bacillus subtilis KX-2 accession number CCTCC NoM208058 20%
  • Bacillus subtilis KX-4 accession number CCTCC NoM208060 20%
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 2 straw maturity (weight loss rate method), the results are shown in Table 3.
  • Example 1 Name item Straw weight loss rate Example 1 51.2%
  • Example 2 37.5% Remarks Different maturity bacteria treatment in the same period of time, if the difference in weight loss rate of straw reaches 5 Above %, it indicates that there is a difference in the decomposing effect between different fermented microbial products, and the decomposing effect of Example 1 is obviously better.
  • Biofloc preparation includes the following steps:
  • Example 1 The decomposed straw obtained by the method of Example 1 is pulverized into about 80 mesh by a pulverizer to obtain a decomposed straw powder (Fig. 1);
  • Test item (g/kg ) element C O Na Mg Al Si K Ca Ti Fe Biofloc 116.8 2274.4 114 58.8 373.2 727.2 29.2 166.4 19.6 120.4
  • This example provides an organic bacterial fertilizer in terms of parts by weight, including 1 part of bioflocs; 5 parts of sludge and fermenting bacteria (dry bacteria) 0.25 parts, of which the biological floc is prepared according to the method of Example 2; the sludge is taken from the aged sludge of the urban domestic sewage treatment plant (the urban sewage treatment plant is mainly based on domestic sewage (> 70%)
  • the activated sludge is selected from the aeration tank to discharge the aged sludge, and no coagulant such as PAC or PAM or flocculant is added before the filter press is dried.
  • the preparation method of organic bacterial fertilizer is as follows:
  • step 1 The biological floc, the sludge and the fermenting bacteria are mixed and stirred to form a mixture, the mixture is piled into a strip-shaped trapezoid, and a film is covered on the surface layer of the mixture and an aeration tube is arranged at the bottom of the mixture. , start composting fermentation, using aeration pipe to aerate the heap during the composting fermentation process;
  • Step (2) The core temperature of the mixture material rises to the highest point and continues for 2 After the day, the mixture is turned over and replenished with water;
  • Step (3) will pass the step (2
  • the treated mixture is subjected to compost fermentation to fermentation ripening (see the variation curve of the core temperature and surface temperature).
  • the core temperature of the mixture material first rises and then falls, and when the difference between the core temperature and the surface temperature after the drop is 2 ° C, the fermentation is mature;
  • Step (4) will pass the step (3)
  • the mixture after re-fermentation is subjected to granulation molding to obtain a granulated organic bacterial fertilizer (see Figure 6 for the shape of the granules, but it is not limited to such granules, and may be other shapes such as a spherical shape).
  • This example provides an organic bacterial fertilizer, in terms of parts by weight, the raw material formula includes 1 part of biofloc; 10 parts of sludge and fermentation bacteria 0.01 Share.
  • the biological floc, sludge and fermenting bacteria were the same as in Example 4.
  • the preparation method of organic bacterial fertilizer is as follows:
  • step 1 The biological floc, the sludge and the fermenting bacteria are mixed and stirred to form a mixture, the mixture is piled into a strip-shaped trapezoid, and a film is covered on the surface layer of the mixture and an aeration tube is arranged at the bottom of the mixture. , start composting fermentation, using aeration pipe to aerate the heap during the composting fermentation process;
  • Step (2) The core temperature of the mixture material rises to the highest point and continues for 3 After the day, the mixture was turned over and replenished with water. After the pile was opened, a strong ammonia smell was heard. A large amount of white mycelium was observed in the pile, and a photograph was taken, as shown in Fig. 5;
  • Step (3) will pass the step (2
  • the treated mixture is subjected to compost fermentation to fermentation ripening (see the variation curve of the core temperature and surface temperature).
  • the core temperature of the mixture material first rises and then falls, and when the difference between the core temperature and the surface temperature after the drop is 4 °C, the fermentation is mature;
  • Step (4) granulating the mixture obtained by the step (3) again to obtain a granular organic bacterial fertilizer.
  • This example provides an organic bacterial fertilizer, in terms of parts by weight, the raw material formula includes 1 part of bioflocs; 20 parts of sludge and fermentation bacteria 0.1 Share.
  • the biological floc, sludge and fermenting bacteria were the same as in Example 4.
  • the preparation method was the same as in Example 4.
  • This example provides an organic bacterial fertilizer, in terms of parts by weight, the raw material formula includes 1 part of biological floc; 5 parts of sludge and fermentation bacteria 0.0025 Share.
  • the biological floc, sludge and fermenting bacteria were the same as in Example 4.
  • the preparation method was the same as in Example 4.
  • the preparation material of the organic bacterial fertilizer of the present application is collected from the biological floc prepared by the straw in the agricultural production and the sludge of the urban domestic sewage treatment plant, and the preparation method is simple, the equipment requirement is low, and the preparation cost of the organic bacterial fertilizer is about domestic bio-organic fertilizer. Price (about ton About 1/5 of 2000-3000 yuan, which is 1/10 of the existing organic bacterial fertilizer (about 10,000 yuan per ton) in China. Left and right, relative to the slow release fertilizer, the organic bacterial fertilizer of the present application can also be prepared as an intermediate product, and the income will be greater.
  • embodiment 7 The organic bacterial fertilizer and the common organic fertilizers on the market are used for the detection of moisture, organic carbon, organic matter, available phosphorus, total nitrogen, and beneficial bacteria, wherein the moisture-drying weight method, the organic carbon-potassium dichromate capacity dilution method, Organic matter-potassium dichromate volumetric dilution method, available phosphorus-sodium bicarbonate method, total nitrogen-semi-micro-Kelvin method. See the table for results 6 .
  • the purchased fertilizer 1 is organic fertilizer from Jingzhong Qingxin; the purchased fertilizer 2 is organic fertilizer from Qingdao Diendi; the purchased fertilizer 3 is organic fertilizer from Jilin Wuleyuan; Fertilizer 4 It is an organic fertilizer from Zhongnong Lukang; the purchased fertilizer 5 is an organic fertilizer derived from Shandong seaweed; and the purchased fertilizer 6 is derived from Beijing bacterial fertilizer.
  • bioflocs to make sludge into bio-organic fertilizers has the advantages of fast fermentation, good fermentation, high-temperature fermentation, low-temperature fermentation, greatly shortening production time, reducing costs, etc., which fully conforms to China's national conditions.
  • Test water sewage in the river dam of No. 10 Kunshan Tianrui Environmental Company, Jiangsuzhou, China (dissolved oxygen 0.62mg/L ammonia nitrogen 14.9mg/L )
  • the water temperature is the same as the outdoor water temperature.
  • the amount of aeration is the same for each test.
  • the water in the test must be clear as a control treatment agent, which is mainly composed of several low temperature bacteria described in the present invention.

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Abstract

提供了一种生物絮团及其制备方法和在水产养殖、水净化、工业水处理、土壤修复和改良以及污泥无害化处理中的应用,该生物絮团包含腐熟秸秆粉末、第一微生物菌剂、硝化菌以及反硝化菌,其中第一微生物菌剂包含枯草芽孢杆菌和选择性的放线菌。生物絮团的制备方法包括先向腐熟秸秆粉末中加入微生物菌剂,然后依次加入硝化菌和反硝化菌。还提供了一种有机菌肥,其包含污泥、生物絮团以及发酵菌。

Description

生物絮团及其在例如污泥无害化处理和工业水净化处理中的应用 技术领域
本发明涉及一种生物絮团及其制备方法,生物絮团适于水污染环境治理以及水产养殖业和其他养殖场液体排放物的净化处理,还适于土壤修复和盐碱地改良,工业水净化处理。
本发明还涉及污水处理厂污泥无害化处理技术领域,尤其涉及一种生物絮团在污水处理厂污泥无害化处理中的应用,具体涉及一种以污泥为原料的有机菌肥及其制备方法。
背景技术
生物絮团的概念出现于水产养殖领域。水产养殖中的 生物絮团 是指在养殖水体中以好氧微生物为主体的有机体和无机物,经生物絮凝作用形成的团聚物,多由细菌、浮游动植物、 有机碎屑和一些无机物质相互絮凝组成。如今,生物絮团技术 (Bio-flocTechnology,technology , BFT) 是通过向养殖水体大量投饵补充有机碳物质,使水体保持一定的碳氮比,定向调控养殖系统微生物群落,并且利用微生物转换水中氨氮成为菌体蛋白,从而显著提高饲料利用率的一种新型养殖技术。生物絮团技术最早在 1999 年由以色列的养殖专家 Avnimelec 系统提出,并于 2005 年在印度尼西亚试验成功。生物絮团技术作为能起到维持水环境稳定、减少换水量、提高养殖成活率、增加产量和降低饲料系数等作用的一项技术,被认为是解决水产养殖产业发展所面临的环境制约和饲料成本的有效替代技术,既降低了饵料成本,又能解决了养殖过程中的水质问题。
另已知,在各国家,污水处理厂每年排放的污泥量逐年增长,污泥产生的环境污染问题日益突出,已造成极大的安全隐患、环境压力和经济负担。污泥中含有大量的重金属物质、病原菌等有毒有害物质,没有得到安全、环保处理处置的污泥对环境的危害较大。污泥处理工艺单元主要包括污泥浓缩、脱水、消化、发酵、干化等工艺过程。污泥处理通常有这几种方法:( 1 )填埋,指污泥在专用填埋场进行填埋处置,平展、压实像通常的固体废物填埋一样进行覆土;( 2 )焚烧,指处置污泥是在焚烧过程中利用了污泥 本身的热量,且经过焚烧后有机物完全矿化,自身性质已完全改变。污泥干化焚烧产生的大 气污染物、灰飞、灰渣的排放都做相应的处理处置;( 3 )建筑材料利用,目前一般包括用作水 泥添加料、制砖和制轻质骨料等,另外,污泥建筑材料利用还有污泥制生化纤维板、路基材料、围栏等工艺,这些工艺目前还存在技术不够成熟或者消纳量太小,满足不了污泥的排放量; (4) 农用,可以解决大量污泥,污泥处理处置技术种类繁多,但是技术却参差不齐,没有统一的标准来指导污泥处理,导致成本加大,更有甚者造成了环境的二次污染。
虽然生物絮团在水产养殖领域早已为人知晓,但是从未见将生物絮团应用于污泥无害化处理制备有机菌肥的报道,同时,未见有关生物絮团的配方及其制备工艺的报道,更未见采用生物絮团的有机菌肥的相关报道。此外,也从未见将生物絮团应用于水净化处理,土壤修复和盐碱地改良并取得优良效果的报道。
又已知,中国的秸秆资源极其丰富,近年来,国内外有关部门对农作物秸秆的无害化处理和资源利用进行了不断探索,包括直接还田养畜过腹还田技术、秸秆发电和生产乙醇等,但均不能有效利用和处理农作物秸秆,且工序复杂、降解速度慢、成本高,甚至造成更为严重的环境污染。因此,如何快速有效的处理和利用农作物秸秆成为一大难题。
本发明提供利用秸秆资源制备生物絮团的技术,并且进一步研究了生物絮团的应用,尤其是研究了生物絮团在工业水净化处理和污泥无害化处理中的应用,取得了显著的效果,有助于解决污泥无害处理和农作物秸秆处理等难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一种生物絮团及其制备方法,本发明的生物絮团成本较低且不仅适于水产养殖,还适于水净化、土壤修复和盐碱地改良,工业水处理、污泥无害化处理等领域应用。
本发明的目的之二是提供本发明生物絮团在水产养殖,还适于水净化、土壤修复和盐碱地改良,工业水处理、污泥无害化处理等领域中的应用。
本发明的目的之三是提供一种以本发明生物絮团和污泥为原料制备的有机菌肥,其肥效优异,成本较低。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种生物絮团,其包含腐熟秸秆粉末、第一微生物菌剂、硝化菌以及反硝化菌,其中第一微生物菌剂包含第一枯草芽孢杆菌和选择性的放线菌。
优选地,所述第一枯草芽孢杆菌为保藏号为 CCTCC NoM208057 的枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-1 、保藏号为 CCTCC NoM208058 的枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-2 、保藏号为 CCTCC NoM208060 的枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-4 的组合,进一步优选地,三者的质量比为 1 : 0.4~0.85: 0.5~0.85 。
优选地,所述第一微生物菌剂包含放线菌。进一步优选地,放线菌与所述保藏号为 CCTCC NoM208057 的枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-1 的质量比为 0.3~0.75:1 。
在本发明的一些具体实施方式中,所述的第一微生物菌剂还包含其他有益微生物,所述的其他有益微生物包括但不限于乳酸菌、纳豆菌、光合细菌、酵母菌、地衣芽孢杆菌等,可以是它们中的一种或多种的组合。
根据本发明的一个具体方面,枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-1 与所述的其他有益微生物的用量质量比为 1:0.1~0.8 ,更优选为 1:0.5~0.8 。
根据本发明,第一微生物菌剂的用量一般为腐熟秸秆粉末的 5wt%~25wt% 。作为优选方案,第一微生物菌剂的用量为腐熟秸秆粉末的 8wt%~20wt% ,进一步优选地,第一微生物菌剂的用量为腐熟秸秆粉末的 12wt%~20wt% 。
根据本发明,硝化菌和反硝化菌的用量一般大于等于 80ml/ 每千克腐熟秸秆粉末。优选地,硝化菌和反硝化菌的用量大于等于 100ml/ 每千克腐熟秸秆粉末。
根据本发明,所述生物絮团一般通过以下步骤制得:向腐熟秸秆粉末中加入第一微生物菌剂,混匀,然后依次加入硝化菌和反硝化菌,即得。
优选地,所述生物絮团的水分含量为 10wt%~30wt% 。
根据本发明,所述的腐熟秸秆粉末为发酵腐熟后的秸秆粉碎而成。腐熟秸秆可以采用现有的发酵腐熟方法来进行。然而,优选按照本发明如下将要描述的方法来制备,采取该方法不受温度条件的限制,在非常低的温度下也能确保制备出的腐熟秸秆粉末,秸秆的腐熟更加彻底,具有较高的营养成分,同时还储存了大量的有益菌。
本发明采取的第二种技术方案是:一种本发明生物絮团的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
( 1 )制备所述腐熟秸秆粉末:首先将第二微生物菌剂进行激活,然后与营养物质配置成混合液,进而与干秸秆和选择性的火山岩生物制剂混合,对秸秆进行堆制腐熟,最后粉碎至 80 目以上,所述火山岩生物制剂包括火山岩颗粒载体和植入于所述的火山岩颗粒载体上的第三微生物菌剂;
( 2 )向腐熟秸秆粉末中加入第一微生物菌剂、然后依次加入硝化菌和反硝化菌,得到所述生物絮团。
优选地,所述第二微生物菌剂、第三微生物菌剂分别包括保藏号为 CCTCC NoM208057 的枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-1 、放线菌、保藏号为 CCTCC NoM208058 的枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-2 、保藏号为 CCTCC NoM208060 的枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-4 ,四者的质量比依次为 1: 0.3~0.75: 0.4~0.85: 0.5~0.85 。
进一步优选地,所述第二微生物菌剂、第三微生物菌剂中枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-1 、放线菌、枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-2 、枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-4 的用量质量比分别为 1:0.6~0.7:0.7~0.8:0.7~0.8 。
优选地,所述的第二微生物菌剂包含酶制剂以使其酸性蛋白酶≥ 2000u/g ,中性蛋白酶≥ 10000u/g ,纤维素酶≥ 10000u/g 。其中,酶制剂为酸性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、纤维素酶,当所述的微生物菌剂中的某种酶不足时,即添加相应的酶制剂。
更优选地,所述的第二微生物菌剂、第二微生物菌剂还分别可选择地包括其他有益微生物和酶制剂,所述的其他有益微生物可以为例如选自乳酸菌、光合细菌、酵母菌、地衣芽孢杆菌中的一种或多种的组合。
根据本发明的一个具体且优选方面,第二微生物菌剂包含所述其他有益微生物且第二微生物菌剂中的枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-1 与其他有益微生物的用量质量比为 1:0.1~0.8 ,更优选为 1:0.5~0.8 。
根据本发明的又一具体且优选方面,所述第三微生物菌剂包含所述其他有益微生物且第三微生物菌剂中的枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-1 与其他有益微生物的用量质量比为 1:0.1~0.8 ,更优选为 1:0.5~0.8 。
优选地,所述的火山岩生物制剂通过以下步骤制备:
1 )、将火山岩磨碎成 20~40 目的火山岩颗粒,去除粉末后得到火山岩颗粒载体;
2 )、将所述的第三微生物菌剂与水按照用量质量比为 1:20~50 配置成菌液,然后加入氮源和碳源对菌种进行激活,当菌液中的芽孢杆菌 80% 以上呈营养体状态,活菌数> 50 亿 /mL 时,将所述的火山岩颗粒载体在所述的菌液中浸泡 24~72h ,然后将所述的火山岩颗粒载体捞出沥干,即得所述的火山岩生物制剂。
根据本发明的一个优选方面,步骤( 1 )中,第二微生物菌剂、干秸秆的投料质量比为 1:1000~2000 。
根据本发明的又一优选方面,步骤( 1 )中,采用火山岩生物制剂,且第二微生物菌剂、火山岩生物制剂、干秸秆的投料用量质量比为 1:50~80: 1000~2000 。
本发明中可采用常规方法进行菌种激活。
优选地,所述的营养物质包括尿素和氨基酸颗粒。
优选地,所述秸秆进行堆制发酵腐熟时,控制湿度在 50~65% 。
优选地,所述秸秆堆制时,安插透气管,然后在堆制上覆盖薄膜,待堆制的温度上升至 50~60 ℃,除去透气管上方覆盖的薄膜继续发酵 10~15 天,然后进行翻堆补水,继续发酵 5~15 天完成发酵腐熟。
本发明采取的第三种技术方案是:如上所述的 本发明生物絮团在水产养殖、水净化、工业水处理,土壤修复和改良以及污泥无害化处理中制备肥料的应用。
本发明的生物絮团可用于水产养殖,如果再添加上其他工程菌,还是非常好的生物修复材料,如用于参地土壤修复和盐碱地改良。此外,生物絮团还能够作为工业水处理 MBR 中的生物填料,替代活性污泥,减少污泥量。
具体的,将生物絮团投放于河道中可有效治理河水。在工业水处理中,生物絮团可代替现有的生物絮凝剂、活性污泥,有效去除氨氮。
本发明的第四种技术方案是:一种有机菌肥,所述有机菌肥的原料配方包含污泥、本发明生物絮团以及发酵菌。
进一步地,所述发酵菌包含第二枯草芽孢杆菌。在一个具体实施方式中,发酵菌为第二枯草芽孢杆菌。
根据本发明的一个优选方面,所述第二枯草芽孢杆菌为保藏号为 CCTCC NoM208057 的枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-1 、保藏号为 CCTCC NoM208058 的枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-2 、保藏号为 CCTCC NoM208060 的枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-4 中的一种或多种的组合。
在本发明的一些具体实施方式中,所述二枯草芽孢杆菌为保藏号为 CCTCC NoM208057 的枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-1 、保藏号为 CCTCC NoM208058 的枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-2 、保藏号为 CCTCC NoM208060 的枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-4 的组合,三者的质量比为 1 : 0.4~0.85: 0.5~0.85 。
本发明中限定'第一枯草芽孢杆菌'、'第二枯草芽孢杆菌'仅仅是为了区分所述生物絮团与所述有机菌肥中分别包括枯草芽孢杆菌,且'第一枯草芽孢杆菌'、'第二枯草芽孢杆菌'可以是相同的也可以是不同的。
根据本发明,所述污泥优选 包含质量占比大于等于 70% 的来自城市生活污水处理厂的老化污泥和 / 或干化污泥。污泥优选为活性污泥。进一步优选的,所述污泥中不含絮凝剂或助凝剂,且各类重金属指标满足国家标准 NY884-2012 规定。
根据本发明,所述生物絮团与污泥的添加质量比优选为 1 :1~20 ,更优选为 1 : 3~10 ,进一步优选为 1 :5~10 。
根据本发明,仅考虑肥效,所述发酵菌(干菌)占污泥的重量比例大于等于 0.01% 即可。综合考虑到成本问题,所述发酵菌(干菌)占污泥的重量比例优选小于等于 5% ,更优选小于等于 1% ,最优选小于等于 0.5% 。
优选地,所述发酵菌(干菌)占污泥的重量比例为 0.01%~1% 。进一步优选地,所述发酵菌(干菌)占污泥的重量比例为 0.05%~0.5% 。
在本发明的一些具体实施方式中,所述有机菌肥为将所述污泥、生物絮团以及发酵菌混合堆肥发酵得到的发酵产物或发酵产物与其他肥料添加剂的混合物。所述其他肥料添加剂可以是本领域常用的那些。根据本发明的一个具体方面,其他肥料添加剂包含缓释剂,这样所制备的有机菌肥为缓释肥。
本发明采取的第五种技术方案是:一种上述的本发明有机菌肥的制备方法,所述方法包括:
步骤( 1 ):堆肥、发酵
将所述生物絮团、所述污泥和所述发酵菌混合且搅拌均匀形成混合物料,将该混合物料堆成圆锥形或长条状梯形,并在所述混合物料表层盖上薄膜以及在所述混合物料的底部设置曝气管,开始进行堆肥发酵,堆肥发酵过程中利用曝气管向堆体内曝气;
步骤( 2 ):翻堆、补水
在所述混合物料的堆心温度升至最高点,并持续 1-5 天后,对所述混合物料进行翻堆并补充水分;
步骤( 3 ):再发酵
将经步骤( 2 )处理过的所述混合物料进行再次堆肥发酵至发酵成熟;
步骤( 4 ):造粒
将经步骤( 3 )再次发酵后的所述混合物料进行造粒成型,得颗粒状有机菌肥。
根据本发明,上述的'最高点'即为所述混合物料的温度在堆腐发酵过程中所能达到的温度上限值。
进一步地,在步骤( 3 )中, 所述混合物料的堆心温度先上升后下降,当其与所述混合物料的表面温度的差值在 ±5℃ 内时,发酵成熟 。
进一步地,在步骤( 3 )之后直接进行步骤( 4 ),或者将步骤( 3 )的产物与其他肥料添加剂混合后再进行步骤( 4 )。
根据本发明的一个优选方面,所述其他肥料添加剂包含缓释剂,所制备的有机菌肥为缓释肥。
本发明 中所用到的包括枯草芽孢杆菌在内的全部菌均是已知的。其中枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-1 、枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-2 、、枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-4 的保藏地点为中国典型培养物保藏中心。
本发明所述的第一微生物菌剂、第二微生物菌剂以及第三微生物菌剂不包含硝化菌和反硝化菌。
根据本发明,第一微生物菌剂、第二微生物菌剂以及第三微生物菌剂可以相同或不同。在一个具体的实施方式中,它们是相同的。
根据本发明,所述的微生物菌剂可以是如上多种物质的混合物;也可以是多种物质单独包装,使用时按配比进行混合即可。优选地,微生物菌剂是可以是如上多种物质的混合物。
本发明所述的秸秆可以是任意农作物的秸秆,具体例如玉米秸秆,水稻秸秆等。
本发明还涉及如上述所述的生物絮团应用在污泥无害化处理中制备肥料的用途。优选地,肥料为有机菌肥。具体方法包括例如将生物絮团、污泥以及发酵菌混合堆肥发酵。
本发明将生物絮团应用到城市污水处理厂废弃污泥中,将其无害化处理制成有机肥,既能快速解决农业废弃物的堆积、污染和浪费问题,又能实现资源的回收利用。在农业生产中大力推广施用有机肥,尽量少施或不施化肥,将有力促进农业的可持续发展,实现农业、工业废弃物的无害化处理和资源化利用。
利用生物絮团将污泥加工成有机肥料,一方面减少了环境污染问题,防止有机废物污染环境,有利于改善城乡生态环境,有利于人类身心健康;另一方面有机肥施入土壤,替代了部分化肥,改善了土壤结构,增加了土壤养分含量,提高了土壤生物活性,起到了养分还田、培肥地力以及改善作物品质,增加了农产品产量等作用,并有效促进了农民节本增收,降低了种植业的投入,最终为生态农业、有机农业的发展起到了积极促进作用。
由于上述技术方案的实施,本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点:
本发明提供了生物絮团的配方,该配方以腐熟秸秆粉末为主体,通过添加特定微生物菌剂、硝化菌和反硝化菌,其主要技术指标达到甚至优于国外同类型的生物絮团,而且,实验证明该生物絮团对于河道污水的净化效果非常好。
本发明的生物絮团的制备方法,在制备腐熟秸秆粉末时,以低温菌为诱导菌,它含有枯草(含纳豆)芽孢杆菌、放线菌为主体的多种复合功能有益微生物,能够在低温的情况下繁殖,带动其它菌剂的高速繁殖。既能高温发酵,又能低温发酵,不受地区、季节限制,四季可用,让农民能够在田头就近处理,就地实现秸秆的彻底腐熟,无需对秸秆进行搬运,节省人力、物力、财力;本发明还进一步结合吉林盛产的火山岩,利用火山岩的多孔、表面积大的结构特性,发挥其保水、可作为菌剂的载体以及增强散热功能的功效,并解决了天然矿产资源的利用的问题。
本发明提供的有机菌肥,以污泥为主体,配上本发明生物絮团,再混合发酵剂制得,其相比目前市场上出售的有机肥而言具有显著更好的肥效,且原料来源广泛、成本低廉,尤其是解决了污泥的无害化处理和废弃秸秆资源的处理问题。
说明书附图
图 1 为实施例 1 制备的腐熟秸秆粉末的图片;
图 2 为实施例 2 制备的生物絮团的图片;
图 3 为城市污水处理厂的污泥图片;
图 4 中显示的为本申请的有机菌肥在堆腐的过程中堆心温度与表面温度的变化曲线;
图 5 为翻堆过程中混合物料的状态图;
图 6 为造粒成型后的颗粒状有机菌肥的一种具体形状。
具体实施方式
本发明生物絮团 为采用农作物秸秆为起始原料,加入特定微生物菌种,选择性搭配长白山火山岩细颗粒,经过生物工程(深度发酵)制作出来的天然生物新材料。
本发明生物絮团不仅能将过去作为废弃物的秸秆得到充分的利用,变废为宝,而且减少了因焚烧秸秆对空气造成的污染。在发酵过程中,在有益低温菌的深度作用下,使秸秆得到彻底熟化,使产品具有极高的营养成分,还储存了大量的有益菌。
将熟透的秸秆经过后续加工成 80 目以上细末,优选 80-100 目,形成优质生物骨架,再适当补入发酵时添加的枯草芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、纳豆菌等菌,然后依次喷洒硝化菌、反硝化菌,控制水分 10-30% 之间,即得生物絮团。该生物絮团在水体中能快速生成生物膜,使水中的有机物和氨氮充分降解,最终转化为氮气,从而使养殖水体水质保持稳定。
絮团中添加的有益菌能有效改善水产养殖物的肠道,帮助消化吸收,增强免疫力,降低饵料系数。
由于生物絮团在前期发酵过程中,微生物将秸秆的可被降解的物质完全分解利用。因此,投放到水体中,不会增加负荷,不会污染水体,不会产生二次污染,同时含有的有益菌可以净化水体。
如果再添加上其他工程菌,还是非常好的生物修复材料,如用于参地土壤修复和盐碱地改良,同时也能够作为工业水处理 MBR 中的生物填料,替代活性污泥,减少污泥量。
同时本发明还提出将生物絮团与污泥配合制成肥料。污泥是城市污水的沉淀物,污泥中含有植物生长所必须的营养元素丰富的有机质,具有改善土壤理化性状的良好作用,是土壤微生物主要能量和养分的来源,是降低农业成本的重要措施,是维持和促进土壤养分平衡、培肥土壤的重要环节,能显著提高土壤有机质含量,能明显降低土壤中氮素淋溶,削弱无机化肥对地下水的污染,对调解土壤水、肥、气、热状况和保肥、保水能力都有促进作用,特别是对结构性差的土壤,是不可多得的改良剂。将污泥发酵成有机肥,既能减轻城市污染做到废物循环利用,施入农田,还能培肥地力、提高农产品质量等,可谓一举多得。
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。
实施例 1 腐熟秸秆的制备
一、主要原材料
1 、第二微生物菌剂,按重量比:
枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-1 ,保藏号 CCTCC NoM208057 25%
放线菌 15%
枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-2 ,保藏号 CCTCC NoM208058 20%
枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-4 ,保藏号 CCTCC NoM208060 20%
乳酸菌、 PSB 菌(光合细菌)等其他有益微生物 20%
配制好的复合菌剂要求:酸性蛋白酶≥ 2000u/g ,中性蛋白酶≥ 10000u/g ,纤维素酶≥ 10000u/g ,不足部分加入相应的酶制剂。
枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-1 可在 2~8 ℃生存繁殖。
2 、火山岩生物制剂
火山岩生物制剂,是利用火山岩的多孔、表面积大的结构特性,含有大量的硅、钾、钠、铁、镁、铝、硅、钙、钛、锰、铁、镍、钴等几十种矿物质和微量元素,以及对重金属的螯合性,以其为载体,植入经过验证,对人畜和其他生物无害的多种有益微生物菌群(包含放线菌、芽孢杆菌等多种有益微生物,以低温菌为主)后形成的产品。火山生物制剂在堆肥过程具有微生物富集缓释的作用以及散热透气的功效,另外可以保水、蓄水,可促进土壤团粒结构的形成,有效改善植物根部微生物环境,为作物生长提供微量元素,促进植物生长。
具体制备方法:
a 、基材的准备
将天然火山岩磨碎成小于 1mm 的颗粒、去除粉末后,待用;
b 、菌液的配制
按照以下配方(重量比)配制第三微生物菌剂:
枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-1 ,保藏号 CCTCC NoM208057 25%
放线菌 15%
枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-2 ,保藏号 CCTCC NoM20805820%
枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-4 ,保藏号 CCTCC NoM208060 20%
乳酸菌、 PSB 菌等其他有益微生物 20%
①激活
将第三微生物菌剂置入具有进水、曝气、加热控温及排水功能的干净方槽,按照 1:20~50 稀释,加入一定量的氮源、碳源,激活菌种;
②浸泡
显微镜下镜检芽孢杆菌大多呈营养体状态,平皿菌落计数法检测活菌数> 50 亿 /mL ,可将处理后的载体放入方槽内浸泡;
③排水、沥干
浸泡 24~72h 后,将菌液从底排排干后,将载体捞出沥干。
3 、氨基酸颗粒
纯生物发酵浓缩制得,含有丰富的氮源及其他营养成分。
二、制备过程
(一)、相关设备和材料
1 、大型饲料粉碎切割机:将晒干的稻草切成 1~2cm 长。
2 、大型搅拌机:前进后出型的大型砂浆搅拌机。
3 、大型喷雾器:用于拌料时喷洒菌剂和营养液的混合液。
4 、农用塑料薄膜:若干。
5 、菌种激活设备。
6 、拌料相关工具或设备。
7 、透气管:直径 10cm 左右,周围打孔的塑料管。
8 、其它材料:红糖、米糠、尿素
(二)、用法、用量及发酵周期
1 、用量
每 1 公斤第二微生物菌剂 +60kg 火山岩生物制剂,约发酵、腐熟 1~2 吨干秸秆,发酵、腐熟时的环境温度为 5~10 ℃。
2 、用法(以激活 1Kg 菌种,发酵 1T 秸秆为例)
1 )菌种激活
与水按照 1 : 20~30 的比例稀释,加入 4Kg 新鲜的米糠、 0.5Kg 红糖激活 12h 。
2 )营养源与辅料配制
尿素 22 Kg ,氨基酸颗粒 10Kg ,用水充分溶解后,稀释至约 1.2~1.5T 。
3 )混合
将 1 )中激活后的菌液加入 2 )中混合均匀成混合液。
4 )拌料:湿度控制在 50~65% 左右
将粉碎后的秸秆从搅拌机前端(进料口)送入,并加入火山生物制剂后,从两端用喷雾器向进料口和出料口同时喷洒 3 )中的混合液,搅拌均匀后从搅拌机后端输出,进行堆制。
5 )物料建堆
堆制成圆锥形(底部直径约为 3 米)或长条状梯形(底宽 2m ,高 1.5m ,上宽 1.0m ),视实际情况而定,并放置透气管,覆盖薄膜,进行发酵。待 3 天后温度可达 50~60 ℃时,将透气管上覆盖的薄膜除去。
6 )二次翻堆
堆制约 15 天后,进行二次翻堆补水。
3 、发酵周期
约 30 天左右整个腐熟过程完成,秸秆变成褐色或黑褐色;堆料有生物发酵的清香的泥土味道、氨味;堆内布满大量白色菌丝、质感疏散。
发酵结束后的腐熟秸秆的成分分析参见表 1 。
表1
名称
项目
干稻秸 腐熟后
水分( % ) 9 62
有机质( g/Kg ) 53.96 358.77
全氮( g/Kg ) 4.3 15.22
全磷( g/Kg ) 1.87 2.69
全钾( g/Kg ) 7.9 18.49
实施例 2 腐熟秸秆的制备
本例基本上与实施例 1 相同,不同之处在于:
1 、微生物菌剂,按重量比
放线菌 40%
枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-2 ,保藏号 CCTCC NoM208058 20%
枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-4 ,保藏号 CCTCC NoM208060 20%
乳酸菌、 PSB 菌等其他有益微生物 20%
配制好的复合菌剂要求:酸性蛋白酶≥ 2000u/g ,中性蛋白酶≥ 10000u/g ,纤维素酶≥ 10000u/g ,不足部分加入相应的酶制剂。
2 、火山岩生物制剂中植入的菌剂为:
放线菌 40%
枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-2 ,保藏号 CCTCC NoM208058 20%
枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-4 ,保藏号 CCTCC NoM208060 20%
乳酸菌、 PSB 菌等其他有益微生物 20% 。
按实施例 1 的方法对干秸秆进行发酵后,腐熟秸秆的成分分析参见表 2 。
表2
名称
项目
干稻秸 腐熟后
水分( % ) 9 59
有机质( g/Kg ) 53.96 143.73
全氮( g/Kg ) 4.3 10.09
全磷( g/Kg ) 1.87 2.09
全钾( g/Kg ) 7.9 9.11
实施例 1 与实施例 2 秸秆腐熟度对比(失重率法),其结果参见表 3 。
表3
名称
项目
秸秆失重率
实施例 1 51.2%
实施例 2 37.5%
备注 不同腐熟菌剂处理在同一时间段内,若其秸秆失重率之差达到 5 %以上,表明不同腐熟菌剂产品之间的腐熟效果存在差异,实施例 1 的腐熟效果明显更优。
上述试验是五月底六月初在中国东北长春进行的。因东北地区水稻只种植一季,一般每年十月份可以收割,此次试验的时间在天气温度、湿度与吉林份水稻成熟收割季节相似,使试验结果更具有说服性。
生物絮团制备包括如下步骤:
(1)按照实施例1的方法制得的腐熟秸秆,用粉碎机粉碎成80目左右,得到腐熟秸秆粉末(如图1);
(2)按每千克腐熟秸秆粉末添加200克第一微生物菌剂(与实施例1中的第二微生物菌剂相同)向腐熟秸秆粉末中添加第一微生物菌剂,然后依次喷洒硝化菌和反硝化菌,硝化菌和反硝化菌的加入量为100ml每千克腐熟秸秆粉末,即得生物絮团(如图2所示)。
对本例所得生物絮团和国外某公司的生物絮团的有机指标进行了检测,结果参见表4,此外还对本例生物絮团的微量元素进行了检测,结果参见表5。
表4
检测方法 水分 - 烘干重量法、有机碳 - 重铬酸钾容量稀释热法,有机质 - 重铬酸钾容量稀释热法,速效磷 - 碳酸氢钠法,全氮 - 半微量开氏法
分类 检测项目
水分 % 有机碳 g/kg 有机质 g/kg 速效磷 mg/kg 全氮 g/kg 有益微生物
千万级
本发明生物絮团 11.3 471.74 813.28 456.71 11.45 273
国外某 生物絮团 28.6 415.57 716.44 340.51 3.14 20
表5
检测项目( g/kg )
元素 C O Na Mg Al Si K Ca Ti Fe
生物絮团 116.8 2274.4 114 58.8 373.2 727.2 29.2 166.4 19.6 120.4
实施例 4 有机菌肥的制备
本例提供一种有机菌肥,以重量份计,其原料配方包括生物絮团 1 份;污泥 5 份以及发酵菌(干菌) 0.25 份,其中生物絮团按照实施例 2 方法制得;污泥取自于城市生活污水处理厂的老化污泥(要城市污水处理厂以生活污水为主(> 70% )处理的生活污水的活性污泥的基本要求: 1 、 活性污泥选自曝气池中排出老化的污泥,且在压滤干化前没有加过 PAC 、 PAM 等助凝剂、絮凝剂; 2 、污泥进行重金属检测,各类重金属的含量不能超过国标 :NY884 一 2012 );发酵菌为保藏号为 CCTCC NoM208057 的枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-1 、保藏号为 CCTCC NoM208058 的枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-2 、保藏号为 CCTCC NoM208060 的枯草芽孢杆菌 KX-4 按质量比为 1:0.8:0.8 组成的混合菌。
有机菌肥的制备方法如下:
步骤( 1 ): 将生物絮团、污泥和发酵菌混合且搅拌均匀形成混合物料,将该混合物料堆成长条状梯形,并在所述混合物料表层盖上薄膜以及在所述混合物料的底部设置曝气管,开始进行堆肥发酵,堆肥发酵过程中利用曝气管向堆体内曝气;
步骤( 2 ):在混合物料的堆心温度升至最高点,并持续 2 天后,对所述混合物料进行翻堆并补充水分;
步骤( 3 ):将经步骤( 2 )处理过的所述混合物料进行再次堆肥发酵至发酵成熟(所述堆心温度和表面温度的变化曲线参见图 4 ,在发酵过程中,混合物料的堆心温度先上升后下降,当下降后的堆心温度和表面温度两者之差为 2 ℃内时标志发酵成熟;
步骤( 4 ):将经步骤( 3 )再次发酵后的所述混合物料进行造粒成型,得颗粒状有机菌肥(颗粒的形状参见图 6 ,但不仅限于此种颗粒,也可为其他形状,如球型)。
实施例 5 有机菌肥的制备
本例提供一种有机菌肥,以重量份计,其原料配方包括生物絮团 1 份;污泥 10 份以及发酵菌 0.01 份。生物絮团、污泥以及发酵菌同实施例 4 。
有机菌肥的制备方法如下:
步骤( 1 ): 将生物絮团、污泥和发酵菌混合且搅拌均匀形成混合物料,将该混合物料堆成长条状梯形,并在所述混合物料表层盖上薄膜以及在所述混合物料的底部设置曝气管,开始进行堆肥发酵,堆肥发酵过程中利用曝气管向堆体内曝气;
步骤( 2 ):在混合物料的堆心温度升至最高点,并持续 3 天后,对所述混合物料进行翻堆并补充水分,开堆后闻到强烈的氨味,堆中能见到大量白色菌丝体,拍照片,如图 5 所示;
步骤( 3 ):将经步骤( 2 )处理过的所述混合物料进行再次堆肥发酵至发酵成熟(所述堆心温度和表面温度的变化曲线参见图 4 ,在发酵过程中,混合物料的堆心温度先上升后下降,当下降后的堆心温度和表面温度两者之差为 4 ℃内时标志发酵成熟;
步骤( 4 ):将经步骤( 3 )再次发酵后的所述混合物料进行造粒成型,得颗粒状有机菌肥。
实施例 6 有机菌肥的制备
本例提供一种有机菌肥,以重量份计,其原料配方包括生物絮团 1 份;污泥 20 份以及发酵菌 0.1 份。生物絮团、污泥以及发酵菌同实施例 4 。制备方法同实施例 4 。
实施例 7 有机菌肥的制备
本例提供一种有机菌肥,以重量份计,其原料配方包括生物絮团 1 份;污泥 5 份以及发酵菌 0.0025 份。生物絮团、污泥以及发酵菌同实施例 4 。制备方法同实施例 4 。
本发明有机菌肥成本分析
本申请有机菌肥的制备原料采集于农业生产中的秸秆制备的生物絮团、城市生活污水厂的污泥,且制作方法简单,设备要求低,有机菌肥的制备成本大约为国内生物有机肥售价(每吨约 2000-3000 元)的 1/5 左右,为国内目前现有的有机菌肥(每吨约 10000 元)的 1/10 左右,相对于缓释肥来说,本申请的有机菌肥也可作中间产物去制备,收益将更大。
因此,无论是从时间还是生产成本及价格上我们的技术均有占有优势。
本发明有机菌肥与市售肥料的肥效检测对比
对实施例 4 、实施例 7 的有机菌肥以及市售的常见有机肥进行水分、有机碳、有机质、速效磷、全氮、有益菌的检测,其中水分-烘干重量法、有机碳-重铬酸钾容量稀释热法,有机质-重铬酸钾容量稀释热法,速效磷-碳酸氢钠法,全氮-半微量开氏法。结果参见表 6 。表 6 中,外购肥 1 为来自于京仲青信的有机肥;外购肥 2 为来自于青岛地恩地的有机肥;外购肥 3 为来自于吉林五乐源的有机肥;外购肥 4 为来自于中农绿康的有机肥;外购肥 5 为来自于山东海藻的有机肥;外购肥 6 来自于北京菌肥。
表6
分类 外购
肥 1
外购
肥 2
外购
肥 3
外购
肥 4
外购
肥 5
外购
肥 6
实施
例 4
实施
例 7
水分 % 25.2 25.4 26.2 15.1 12.4 4.6 20 18
有机碳 g/kg 250.97 154.28 112.42 54.89 143.82 129.61 295.45 267.66
有机质 g/kg 432.67 265.98 193.82 94.63 247.95 223.45 511.08 489.89
全氮 g/kg 4.65 27.87 9.07 2.68 70.4 4.88 29.3 17.4
速效磷 mg/kg 129.75 26246.7 10750.76 363.98 15541.12 1517.22 15334.47 15567.9
有益菌 CFU/g 2.6 × 107 6.7 × 107 6.5 × 107
从表 6 的对比可以发现:从营养成分分析来看,本申请的有机菌肥与市场上现有的六种有机肥对比有明显优势。
综上所述,利用生物絮团将污泥制作生物有机肥,具有发酵快,发酵好,既能高温发酵,又能低温发酵,大大缩短制作时间,降低成本等特点,完全符合我国国情的污泥处理需求,实施污泥无害化处理和污泥资源化利用,增加经济效益,避免更严重的二次污染。
实施例 8 生物絮团应用于河道污水净化处理试验
试验用水:中国江苏省昆山天瑞环境公司十号河坝内污水(溶氧 0.62mg/L 氨氮 14.9mg/L )
水样: 2L
试验:先后进行二次试验,结果分别参见表 7 和表 8 。
表7
第一次试验(2016年10月11日-10月12日)
项目名称 24h 检测 48h 检测
溶氧 氨氮 溶氧 氨氮
原水+生物絮团10ppm 2.82 5.71 3.35 2.74
原水+生物絮团20ppm 2.66 5.84 3.16 2.44
原水+生物絮团40ppm 2.13 5.53 3.14 2.12
原水+生物絮团60ppm 1.93 5.42 2.68 2.05
原水+水必清40ppm 3.20 6.4 4.35 3.8
最大氨氮去除率 64% 86%
表8
第二次试验(2016年10月13日-10月15日)
项目名称 24h 检测 48h 检测
溶氧 氨氮 溶氧 氨氮
原水 4.63 12.6 4.51 10.6
原水+水必清40ppm 4.20 5.4 3.35 2.8
原水+生物絮团10ppm 3.50 4.44 4.23 2.34
原水+生物絮团20ppm 3.32 3.99 4.21 2.29
原水+生物絮团40ppm 2.22 3.63 3.74 1.63
原水+生物絮团60ppm 1.78 3.63 3.76 1.51
最大氨氮去除率 71% 86%
注:
1. 每次试验都是取相同河水,每个单元 2000ml 。
2. 水温与室外水温相同。
3. 每次试验曝气量相同。
4. 试验中水必清为对照处理剂,其主要由本发明所述的几种低温菌组成。
以上对本发明做了详尽的描述,其目的在于让熟悉此领域技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并加以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围,且本发明不限于上述的实施例,凡根据本发明的精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内 。

Claims (26)

  1. 一种生物絮团,其特征在于:包含腐熟秸秆粉末、第一微生物菌剂、硝化菌以及反硝化菌,其中所述第一微生物菌剂包含第一枯草芽孢杆菌和选择性的放线菌。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的生物絮团,其特征在于:所述第一枯草芽孢杆菌为保藏号为CCTCC NoM208057的枯草芽孢杆菌KX-1、保藏号为CCTCC NoM208058的枯草芽孢杆菌KX-2、保藏号为CCTCC NoM208060 的枯草芽孢杆菌KX-4的组合,三者的质量比为1:0.4~0.85: 0.5~0.85。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的生物絮团,其特征在于:所述的第一微生物菌剂还包含其他有益微生物,所述的其他有益微生物为选自乳酸菌、纳豆菌、光合细菌、酵母菌、地衣芽孢杆菌中的一种或多种的组合,所述的枯草芽孢杆菌KX-1与所述的其他有益微生物的用量质量比为1:0.1~0.8。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的生物絮团,其特征在于:所述第一微生物菌剂的用量为所述腐熟秸秆粉末的5wt%~25wt%;所述硝化菌和反硝化菌的用量大于等于80ml/每千克腐熟秸秆粉末。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的生物絮团,其特征在于:所述第一微生物菌剂的用量为所述腐熟秸秆粉末的8wt%~20wt%;所述硝化菌和反硝化菌的用量大于等于100ml/每千克腐熟秸秆粉末。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的生物絮团,其特征在于:所述生物絮团通过以下步骤制得:向所述腐熟秸秆粉末中加入第一微生物菌剂,混匀,然后依次加入硝化菌和反硝化菌,即得。
  7. 一种如权利要求1至6中任一项权利要求所述的生物絮团的制备方法,其特征在于:所述方法包括以下步骤:
    (1)制备所述腐熟秸秆粉末:首先将第二微生物菌剂进行激活,然后与营养物质配置成混合液,进而与干秸秆和选择性的火山岩生物制剂混合,对秸秆进行堆制腐熟,最后粉碎至80目以上,所述火山岩生物制剂包括火山岩颗粒载体和植入于所述的火山岩颗粒载体上的第三微生物菌剂,所述第二微生物菌剂、第三微生物菌剂分别包括保藏号为CCTCC NoM208057的枯草芽孢杆菌KX-1、放线菌、保藏号为CCTCC NoM208058的枯草芽孢杆菌KX-2、保藏号为CCTCC NoM208060 的枯草芽孢杆菌KX-4,四者的质量比依次为1: 0.3~0.75: 0.4~0.85: 0.5~0.85,所述的第二微生物菌剂、第三微生物菌剂还分别选择性地包括其他有益微生物和酶制剂,所述的其他有益微生物为选自乳酸菌、光合细菌、酵母菌、地衣芽孢杆菌中的一种或多种的组合;
    (2)向所述腐熟秸秆粉末中加入所述第一微生物菌剂、然后依次加入硝化菌和反硝化菌,得到所述生物絮团。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述第二微生物菌剂、第三微生物菌剂中,所述的枯草芽孢杆菌KX-1与所述的其他有益微生物的用量质量比为1:0.1~0.8。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的火山岩生物制剂通过以下步骤制备:
    1)、将火山岩磨碎成20~40目的火山岩颗粒,去除粉末后得到火山岩颗粒载体;
    2)、将所述的第三微生物菌剂与水按照用量质量比为1:20~50配置成菌液,然后加入氮源和碳源对菌种进行激活,当菌液中的芽孢杆菌80%以上呈营养体状态,活菌数>50亿/mL时,将所述的火山岩颗粒载体在所述的菌液中浸泡24~72h,然后将所述的火山岩颗粒载体捞出沥干,即得所述的火山岩生物制剂。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的第二微生物菌剂、所述的火山岩生物制剂、所述的干秸秆的投料用量质量比为1:50~80: 1000~2000。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:进行堆制发酵腐熟时,控制湿度在50~65%,堆制时,安插透气管,然后在堆制上覆盖薄膜,待堆制的温度上升至50~60℃,除去透气管上方覆盖的薄膜继续发酵10~15天,然后进行翻堆补水,继续发酵5~15天至发酵腐熟。
  12. 一种如权利要求1至6中任一项权利要求所述的生物絮团在水产养殖、水净化、工业水处理、土壤修复和改良以及污泥无害化处理制备肥料的应用。
  13. 一种有机菌肥,其特征在于,所述有机菌肥的原料配方包含污泥、如权利要求1至6中任一项权利要求所述的生物絮团以及发酵菌。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的有机菌肥,其特征在于,所述发酵菌包含第二枯草芽孢杆菌。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的有机菌肥,其特征在于,所述第二枯草芽孢杆菌为保藏号为CCTCC NoM208057的枯草芽孢杆菌KX-1、保藏号为CCTCC NoM208058的枯草芽孢杆菌KX-2、保藏号为CCTCC NoM208060 的枯草芽孢杆菌KX-4中的一种或多种的组合。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的有机菌肥,其特征在于,所述第二枯草芽孢杆菌为保藏号为CCTCC NoM208057的枯草芽孢杆菌KX-1、保藏号为CCTCC NoM208058的枯草芽孢杆菌KX-2、保藏号为CCTCC NoM208060 的枯草芽孢杆菌KX-4的组合,三者的质量比为1:0.4~0.85: 0.5~0.85。
  17. 根据权利要求13所述的有机菌肥,其特征在于,所述污泥包含质量占比大于等于70%的来自城市生活污水处理厂的老化污泥和/或干化污泥。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的有机菌肥,其特征在于,所述污泥中不含絮凝剂或助凝剂,且各类重金属指标满足国家标准NY884-2012规定。
  19. 根据权利要求13所述的有机菌肥,其特征在于,所述生物絮团与所述污泥的添加质量比为1:1~20,所述发酵菌占污泥的重量比例为0.01%~5%。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的有机菌肥,其特征在于,所述生物絮团与所述污泥的添加质量比为1:3~10,所述发酵菌占污泥的重量比例为0.05%~1%。
  21. 根据权利要求13所述的有机菌肥,其特征在于,所述有机菌肥为将所述污泥、生物絮团以及发酵菌混合堆肥发酵得到的发酵产物或所述发酵产物与其他肥料添加剂的混合物。
  22. 一种如权利要求13-21中任一项权利要求所述的有机菌肥的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    步骤(1)、将所述生物絮团、所述污泥和所述发酵菌混合且搅拌均匀形成混合物料,将该混合物料堆成圆锥形或长条状梯形,并在所述混合物料表层盖上薄膜以及在所述混合物料的底部设置曝气管,开始进行堆肥发酵,堆肥发酵过程中利用曝气管向堆体内曝气;
    步骤(2)、在所述混合物料的堆心温度升至最高点,并持续1-5天后,对所述混合物料进行翻堆并补充水分;
    步骤(3)、将经步骤(2)处理过的所述混合物料进行再次堆肥发酵至发酵成熟;
    步骤(4)、将经步骤(3)再次发酵后的所述混合物料进行造粒成型,得颗粒状有机菌肥。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,所述混合物料的堆心温度先上升后下降,当其与所述混合物料的表面温度的差值在±5℃内时,发酵成熟。
  24. 根据权利要求22所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(3)之后直接进行步骤(4),或者将步骤(3)的产物与其他肥料添加剂混合后再进行步骤(4)。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述其他肥料添加剂包含缓释剂,所制备的有机菌肥为缓释肥。
  26. 根据权利要求22所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括采用如权利要求7-11中任一项权利要求所述的生物絮团的制备方法来制备所述的生物絮团。
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