WO2018120732A1 - 用于电池组的保护装置、电池组及车辆 - Google Patents

用于电池组的保护装置、电池组及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018120732A1
WO2018120732A1 PCT/CN2017/091902 CN2017091902W WO2018120732A1 WO 2018120732 A1 WO2018120732 A1 WO 2018120732A1 CN 2017091902 W CN2017091902 W CN 2017091902W WO 2018120732 A1 WO2018120732 A1 WO 2018120732A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
protection device
connection assembly
connection
battery pack
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/091902
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱建华
赖庆
仝志伟
朱燕
Original Assignee
比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 比亚迪股份有限公司 filed Critical 比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority to EP17888533.1A priority Critical patent/EP3565029A4/en
Priority to US16/474,828 priority patent/US11056748B2/en
Publication of WO2018120732A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018120732A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/578—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to pressure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/581—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H01M2200/103—Fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of battery technologies, and in particular, to a protection device, a battery pack, and a vehicle for a battery pack.
  • the battery pack of the car's battery pack Due to the limited internal space of the car, the battery pack of the car's battery pack is densely packed. When the car battery pack is under high load and working for a long time, it is easy to cause the battery to heat up. In addition, in the case of overcharge, over temperature and short circuit of the battery pack, there is also a problem of heat expansion, which may easily cause the battery pack to ignite or even explode.
  • the battery module is short-circuit protected and overcharge-protected by a battery management system (BMS) and a fuse (FUSE) system, but it is not only costly, but also cannot achieve short-circuit protection between the battery cells.
  • BMS battery management system
  • FUSE fuse
  • the protection mode is active protection, low reliability, and relatively poor versatility.
  • the present disclosure aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. To this end, the present disclosure proposes a protection device for a battery pack, which has the advantages of simple structure and good reliability.
  • Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a battery pack including the above-described protection device.
  • the present disclosure also proposes a vehicle including the above battery pack.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a protection device for a battery pack, the battery pack including a plurality of batteries, the protection device being disposed between two adjacent batteries and including: a first connection component, the first The connection assembly is opposite the first of the two adjacent batteries, and the first connection assembly is adapted to be electrically connected to the housing of the first battery; the second connection assembly, the second connection assembly a second battery of the adjacent two batteries is opposite, the second connection component is adapted to be electrically connected to the housing of the second battery, and the second connection component is opposite to the first connection component; An electrical connection assembly for electrically connecting to terminals of the first battery and the second battery, and adapted to be electrically connected to the first connection assembly and the second connection assembly, respectively, to be configured to be overloaded protect the circuit.
  • the protection device has a normal state and an alarm state.
  • the first connection component and the second connection component are spaced apart, and the overload protection circuit is disconnected.
  • the protection device is in the alarm state, the first connection component is electrically connected to a housing of the first battery, and the second connection component is electrically connected to a housing of the second battery, and At least one of the first connection component and the second connection component generates motion to electrically connect to each other, and the overload protection circuit is short-circuited.
  • the protection device of the battery pack by providing a protection device between two adjacent batteries, when the battery has a safety hazard such as overcharge, short circuit, over temperature, etc., the first connection component and the second component are driven. Connection components are electrically connected to each other To close the overload protection circuit. After the overload protection circuit is closed, the internal circuit of the battery pack can be blown to prevent the battery pack from being exposed to fire and explosion, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery pack. Moreover, the protection device has a simple structure, low cost and reliable operation.
  • the protection device is passively protected, thereby improving the reliability of the protection device, overcoming the safety hazard of the battery pack after the failure of the battery management system (BMS), and the protection device can be used as the second after the failure of the BMS. Heavy protection.
  • the electrically conductive connection assembly includes a tab having a weakened area that is blown when the protection device is in the alarm state.
  • the weakened zone has a plurality of through holes spaced apart from each other.
  • the thickness of the tab at the weakened area is less than the thickness at the remaining positions on the tab.
  • the first connection assembly and the second connection assembly each include: a mounting seat on which the mounting hole is provided; and a contact unit that is accommodated in the mounting In the mounting hole of the seat, the contact unit of the first connecting component is adapted to be in contact with the contact unit of the second connecting component.
  • the contact units of the first connection component and the second connection component each include: an elastic member that fits within a mounting hole of the mount, the elastic member a through hole is defined; and a contact portion movably disposed in the through hole of the elastic member, the contact portion including a first end facing away from the battery opposite to the contact portion and facing away from The second end of the battery opposite the contact portion.
  • the protection device when the protection device is in a normal state, the first ends of the contacts of the first connection component and the second connection component protrude from the mounting holes of the mount, a second end of the contact portion of the first connection assembly and a second end of the contact portion of the second connection assembly are spaced apart from each other; when the protection device is in an alarm state, the contact portion of the first connection assembly The contact portion with the second connection assembly moves toward each other until the second end of the contact portion of the first connection assembly contacts the second end of the contact portion of the second connection assembly to close the overload protection Circuit.
  • the first connection component and the second connection component each further include: a temperature relay connected to the contact unit.
  • the mount includes a mounting slot in communication with the mounting aperture, and the temperature relay is received within the mounting slot.
  • the temperature relay is a memory alloy dome or a bimetallic dome.
  • the mount of the first connection assembly includes a plurality of mounting holes spaced apart from each other along the circumference of the mount, the mount of the second connection assembly including the mount A plurality of mounting holes are circumferentially spaced apart from each other, and the plurality of mounting holes on the first connecting component are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of mounting holes on the second connecting component.
  • the protection device further includes a plurality of connectors, each of the connectors passing through and fitting with one of the mounting holes and the second connecting component of the first connecting component The one mounting hole of the first connecting component is corresponding to one of the mounting holes.
  • a battery pack includes: a plurality of batteries; a spacer disposed between adjacent two batteries; and a protection device according to the above embodiment of the present disclosure, the protection device being embedded a first connection component of the protection device opposite the first battery of the adjacent two batteries, and the first connection component is adapted to be electrically connected to the housing of the first battery a second connection component of the protection device opposite the second battery of the adjacent two batteries, the second connection component being adapted to be electrically connected to a housing of the second battery, the conductive device being electrically conductive
  • a connection assembly is electrically connected to terminals of the first battery and the second battery.
  • the protection device when the protection device is disposed between two adjacent batteries, when the battery has a safety hazard such as overcharge, short circuit, over temperature, etc., the first connection component and the second connection component are driven. Connect to close the overload protection circuit. After the overload protection circuit is closed, the internal circuit of the battery pack can be blown to prevent the battery pack from being exposed to fire and explosion, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery pack.
  • the protection device is passively protected, thereby improving the reliability of the protection device, overcoming the safety hazard of the battery pack after the failure of the battery management system (BMS), and the protection device can be used as the second after the failure of the BMS. Heavy protection.
  • a pressure activation piece is disposed on a housing of each battery, the pressure activation piece is opposite to the first connection component or the second connection component, and the pressure activation piece is The housing of the battery is electrically connected.
  • the pressure activation piece is adapted to push one of the first connection component and the second connection component toward the other connection component when the protection device is in the alarm state, so that the first A connection assembly and the second connection assembly are electrically connected to each other.
  • the vehicle includes the battery pack according to the above embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the first connection component when the battery pack is assembled, when the battery has a safety hazard such as overcharge, short circuit, over temperature, etc., the first connection component is electrically connected to the second connection component to close the overload protection circuit. After the overload protection circuit is closed, the internal circuit of the battery pack can be blown to prevent the battery pack from being exposed to fire and explosion, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery pack and improving the overall safety of the vehicle.
  • a safety hazard such as overcharge, short circuit, over temperature, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the battery pack shown in FIG. 1, in which the casing of the battery pack is removed.
  • Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of a portion B circled in Figure 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a connecting piece of a protection device of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded view of a portion of a battery pack in an exploded manner showing the middle of the battery pack in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Two batteries arranged in the front and rear direction.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial structural schematic view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in which two protection devices disposed on a partition of a battery pack in a front-rear direction are illustrated.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a protection device for a battery pack in which a first connection assembly is shown in an explosive manner and a second connection assembly is shown in a non-explosive manner, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a protection device of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • connection hole 314 Conductive connection assembly 30, connecting piece 310, weak area 311, through hole 312, snap hole 313, connection hole 314,
  • Battery pack 500 Battery pack 500, battery 510, pressure activated sheet 511, partition 520, housing 530, cooling system 540.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” or “second” may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the meaning of "a plurality” is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed”, and the like, are to be understood broadly, and may be either a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless explicitly stated or defined otherwise. , or integrated; can be mechanical connections, electrical connections or communication with each other; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, It is the internal communication of two elements or the interaction of two elements unless explicitly defined otherwise.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure can be understood by those skilled in the art on a case-by-case basis.
  • a protection device 100, a battery pack 500, and a vehicle of a battery pack 500 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to FIGS.
  • a battery pack 500 includes a plurality of batteries 510, and a protection device 100 is disposed between two adjacent batteries 510.
  • the protection device 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first connection assembly 10, a second connection assembly 20, and a conductive connection assembly 30.
  • the protection device 100 for the battery pack 500 can be applied to a vehicle.
  • the first connection component 10 is opposite to one of the adjacent two batteries 510
  • the second connection component 20 is opposite to the other of the two adjacent batteries 510. That is, the first connection component is opposite to the first battery of the two adjacent batteries, the second connection component is opposite to the second battery of the adjacent two batteries, and the second connection assembly 20 is opposite to the first connection assembly 10 .
  • the first connection assembly 10 and the second connection assembly 20 are disposed opposite each other between adjacent two batteries 510.
  • There is a certain gap between the first connecting component 10 and the second connecting component 20 for example, may be 1-1.2 mm
  • the first connecting component 10 and a battery 510 may have a gap (such as 0.5 mm) or a mutual offset.
  • the second connecting component 20 and the other battery 510 may also have a gap (such as 0.5 mm) or abut each other.
  • the first connection component is adapted to be electrically connected to the housing of the first battery
  • the second connection component is adapted to be electrically connected to the housing of the second battery
  • the electrically conductive connection assembly 30 is for the first battery and the The terminals of the second battery are electrically connected and are adapted to be electrically connected to the first connection assembly 10 and the second connection assembly 20, respectively, to be configured as an overload protection circuit.
  • the battery pack 500 has a housing 530, and a plurality of batteries 510 may be disposed inside the housing 530.
  • the batteries 510 may be arranged in a regular matrix inside the housing 530 or in other forms. Since the installation space for the battery pack 500 in the vehicle is limited, the battery 510 in the battery pack 500 is arranged closely. When the battery pack 500 is operated under a heavy load, the battery 510 is prone to heat generation, thereby causing a risk of fire, explosion, and the like.
  • the protection device 100 of the battery pack 500 is disposed between the adjacent two batteries 510, and the first connection assembly 10 and the first connection assembly 10 may be disposed opposite to each other Between the two adjacent batteries 510.
  • the first connection assembly 10 and the second connection assembly 20 are adapted to be electrically connected to each other to close the overload protection circuit, and the closed overload protection circuit can protect the battery pack 500.
  • the protection device 100 has a normal state and an alarm state.
  • the protection device 100 When the protection device 100 is in a normal state, the plurality of batteries 510 of the battery pack 500 of the embodiment of the present disclosure are connected to each other by the conductive connection assembly 30 to form a charging or discharging circuit, and the first connection assembly 10 and the second connection assembly 20 are spaced apart from each other. That is, the first connection component 10 and the second connection component 20 are disconnected from each other, that is, the overload protection circuit is in an off state.
  • the protection device 100 in a normal state means that the battery pack 500 is in a stable and safe working state.
  • the protection device 100 When the protection device 100 is in an alarm state, at least one of the first connection assembly 10 and the second connection assembly 20 generates motion to electrically connect to each other, at which time the overload protection circuit is closed. It can be understood that the protection device 100 is in an alarm state. It means that the battery pack 500 is in an unsafe working state such as overcharge, short circuit, and over temperature.
  • the battery 510 when the temperature of one of the batteries 510 in the battery pack 500 is too high, the battery 510 is thermally expanded, and the housing of the expanded battery 510 presses the protection device 100 between the battery 510 and the battery 510 adjacent thereto, thereby expanding.
  • the housing of the battery 510 is electrically connected to the first connection assembly 10 or the second connection assembly 20 and causes the first connection assembly 10 or the second connection assembly 20 to move, whereby the first connection assembly 10 and the second connection assembly 20 Contact to form an electrical connection between the two. That is, the first connection assembly 10 and the second connection assembly 20 are respectively electrically connected to the housing of one of the adjacent batteries, and at least one of the first connection assembly 10 and the second connection assembly 20 generates motion to electrically connect to each other.
  • the adjacent cells are electrically connected by the conductive connection assembly 30, and the short circuit of the cells is achieved by the polarity of the housing of the adjacent battery.
  • the housing of the battery has the same polarity as the negative pole of the battery, and if the conductive connection assembly 30 respectively connects the positive terminal of the first battery and the negative terminal of the second battery of the adjacent battery, the adjacent battery is connected in series.
  • the first connection component 10 is electrically connected to the housing of the first battery
  • the second connection component 20 is electrically connected to the housing of the second battery
  • the first connection component 10 and the second The connection assemblies 20 are electrically connected to each other. That is to say, when the protection device 100 is in an alarm state, the anodes of the first battery and the second battery are directly electrically connected.
  • the positive terminal of the first battery sequentially passes through the conductive connection assembly 30, the negative terminal of the second battery, and the second The connecting component 20 (having the same polarity as the negative terminal of the second battery) and the first connecting component 10 are electrically connected to the negative housing of the first battery, that is, a short circuit is formed between the positive and negative electrodes of the first battery, generating a large current and then fusing Conductive connection assembly 30.
  • the overload protection circuit can be closed and the internal circuit of the battery pack 500 can be blown, thereby disconnecting the abnormal battery (such as the battery of the expansion and the drum) from the charging or discharging circuit, thereby preventing the battery pack 500 from being in danger of fire and explosion, thereby The safety performance of the battery pack 500 is improved.
  • the protection device 100 of the battery pack 500 when the protection device 100 is disposed between two adjacent batteries 510, when the battery 510 has a safety hazard such as overcharge, short circuit, over temperature, etc., the first connection component 10 is electrically coupled to the second connection assembly 20 to close the overload protection circuit. After the overload protection circuit is closed, the internal circuit of the battery pack 500 can be blown to prevent the battery pack 500 from being exposed to fire and explosion, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery pack 500. Moreover, the protection device 100 has a simple structure, low cost, and reliable operation.
  • the protection device 100 is passively protected, thereby improving the reliability of the protection device 100, overcoming the safety hazard of the battery pack 500 after a battery management system (BMS) failure, and the protection device 100 can be disabled as a BMS. After the second heavy protection.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the conductive connection assembly 30 includes a tab 310 having a weakened area 311.
  • the weak zone 311 is blown.
  • the weak regions 311 can be designed to match depending on the different capacities and types of the batteries 510.
  • the weak region 311 can be designed such that when a current of 600 A flows through the weak region 311, the weak region 311 is blown in 10S.
  • the weak area 311 is blown, the internal circuit of the battery pack 500 is cut off, thereby achieving protection of the battery pack 500.
  • the weak zone 311 may have a plurality of spaced apart through holes 312 therein.
  • the connecting piece 310 has a symmetrical structure along the length direction of the connecting piece 310 (ie, the left-right direction in FIG. 4), and the connecting piece 310 is The weak portion 311 is disposed at a position of the middle portion thereof, and the weak portion 311 is convex upward to form a bridge portion, and the plurality of through holes 312 are spaced apart at the weak portion 311.
  • the thinner the thickness of the weak region 311 ie, the dimension in the up and down direction shown in FIG.
  • the narrower the width ie, the dimension in the front-rear direction shown in FIG. 4
  • the weaker the ability of the region 311 to carry current that is, the weak region 311 can be blown at a low current for a short time.
  • the overcharge, overtemperature, and short circuit protection requirements of the different battery packs 500 can be satisfied.
  • the thickness of the tab 310 at the weak zone 311 may be less than the thickness of the remaining locations of the tab 310.
  • the thickness of the weak region 311 at the center of the connecting sheet 310 i.e., the dimension in the up and down direction shown in FIG. 4 is smaller than the thickness at the remaining positions of the tab 310 (i.e., as shown in FIG. Size in the up and down direction).
  • the weak area 311 located at the middle position of the connecting piece 310 is convex upward, and the thickness of the weak area 311 is small, thereby being able to be blown in time when the battery pack 500 has a safety hazard.
  • the weak area 311 cuts off the internal circuit of the battery pack 500 to protect the battery pack 500. Since the connecting piece 310 needs to be fixed to the partition 520, the engaging hole 313 and the connecting hole 314 are provided at each end of the connecting piece 310 to facilitate the fixed assembly of the connecting piece 310. The thickness of the left and right ends of the connecting piece 310 is large to ensure the structural strength of the connecting piece 310, and to prevent breakage when the connecting piece 310 is fixed, thereby enhancing the reliability and stability of the fixed connecting piece 310.
  • the first connection assembly 10 and the second connection assembly 10 have the same structure, and thus the first connection assembly 10 is taken as an example for the first connection assembly 10 and the second connection.
  • the structure of the assembly 20 is described.
  • the first connection assembly 10 is shown in an explosive manner, and the first connection assembly 10 includes a mount 110 and a contact unit 120.
  • the contact unit 120 is embedded within the mount 110, thereby facilitating assembly of the contact unit 120.
  • the contact unit 120 of the first connection assembly 10 is adapted to contact the contact unit 120 of the second connection assembly 20 to electrically connect the first connection assembly 10 with the second connection assembly 20. Therefore, when the battery pack 500 has a safety hazard such as over temperature, overcharge, and short circuit, the first connection component 10 can be electrically connected to the second connection component 20, thereby closing the overload protection circuit to protect the battery pack 500.
  • the contact unit 120 includes an elastic member 121 and a contact portion 122.
  • the elastic member 121 is provided with a through hole, and the contact portion 122 is movably disposed in the through hole of the elastic member 121.
  • a mounting hole 115 is provided in the mount 110, and the elastic member 121 fitted with the contact portion 122 can be accommodated in the mounting hole 115 of the mount 110.
  • the contact portion 122 may be made of a metal having a low electrical resistivity, such as copper. In order to improve the oxidation resistance of the contact portion 122 and reduce the contact resistance, the contact portion 122 may be subjected to a treatment such as silver plating, gold plating, or nickel plating.
  • the contact portion 122 includes a first end 1221 facing the battery 510 opposite the contact portion 122 and a second end facing away from the battery 510 opposite the contact portion 122 (ie, facing the other contact portion 122) 1222.
  • the first end 1221 of the contact portion 122 protrudes from the mounting hole 115 of the mounting seat 110 by the elastic member 121, and the second end 1222 of the contact portion 122 and the other contact portion 122
  • the second ends 1222 are spaced apart from each other, This prevents the two contact portions 120 from accidentally coming into contact.
  • the battery 510 opposite to the contact portion 122 applies a force to the first end 1221 of the contact portion 122 to push the contact portion 122 toward the other contact portion 122 against the force of the elastic member 121. Until the second ends 1222 of the two contact portions 122 are in contact with each other to close the overload protection circuit.
  • a pressure starting piece 511 may be disposed at a position corresponding to the protection device 100, and the pressure starting piece 511 is electrically connected to the housing of the battery 510.
  • the pressure actuating piece 511 and the mount 110 (specifically, the contact portion 122) may be stopped or have a small gap (for example, 0.5 mm).
  • the pressure activation piece 511 located on the battery 510 is changed from the concave state to the convex state, thereby being in electrical contact with the contact portion 122 of one connection assembly.
  • the contact portion 122 of one of the connection assemblies is moved toward the contact portion 122 of the other connection assembly and is in electrical contact with the contact portion 122 of the other connection assembly to close the overload protection circuit to protect the battery pack 500.
  • the first connection assembly 10 and the second connection assembly 20 may further include a temperature relay 114 that may be disposed on the temperature relay 114 to facilitate electrical connection of the temperature relay 114.
  • the temperature relay 114 is embedded on the mount 110 together with the contact unit 120. As shown in FIG. 7, the contact unit 120 may be disposed on a surface of the temperature relay 114 facing the mount 110. Accordingly, a mounting slot 117 can be defined on the mount 110 for receiving the temperature relay 114.
  • the temperature relay 114 has a rectangular sheet shape, and the mounting groove 117 has a rectangular shape and is disposed on the surface of the mount 110 facing away from the battery 510 opposed thereto.
  • the mounting groove 117 is disposed on the rear surface of the mounting seat 110 of the first connection assembly 10, and for the second connection assembly 20, the mounting groove 117 is disposed on the mounting seat of the second connection assembly 20.
  • the depth of the mounting groove 117 ie, the dimension in the front-rear direction shown in FIGS. 7 and 8) is greater than the thickness of the temperature relay 114 (ie, in the front-rear direction shown in FIGS. 7 and 8)
  • the size is such that when the first connection assembly 10 and the second connection assembly 20 are mounted in position, the distance between the contact unit 120 of the first connection assembly 10 and the contact unit 120 of the second connection assembly 20 is 1-1.2 mm.
  • the mounting groove 117 is in communication with the mounting hole 115 such that the assembled temperature relay 114 and the contact unit 120 can be embedded together in the mount 110.
  • the temperature relay 114 may be a memory alloy shrapnel or a bimetallic shrapnel that may deform according to changes in temperature.
  • temperature relay 114 can also be other temperature relays. In actual production, the temperature relay 114 can be selected according to the temperature protection range of the battery pack 500 to accurately and reliably achieve over-temperature protection of the battery pack 500.
  • the temperature relay 114 may be deformed according to a change in temperature such that the opposing two temperature relays 114 are in contact with each other, thereby electrically connecting the two contact units 120 that are opposite each other to close the overload protection circuit. It can be understood that contacts (such as both ends of the temperature relay 114) can be respectively disposed at corresponding positions on the opposite two temperature relays 114, and the contacts are in contact with each other when the temperature relay 114 is deformed to be electrically Connection The opposite two temperature relays 114. When the protection device 100 is in the normal state, the temperature relay 114 is not deformed.
  • the protection device 100 is in an alarm state, for example, when the temperature of the battery 510 is too high, exceeding the critical temperature of the temperature relay 114 (for example, 80 ° C), the temperature relay 114 is bent inward, and deformation occurs, that is, the first connection assembly 10 Both ends of the temperature relay 114 are bent toward the temperature relay 114 of the second connection assembly 20 (i.e., rearward as shown in FIG.
  • the temperature relay 114 of the first connection assembly 10 (ie, forward as shown in FIG. 8) is bent, and thus the temperature relay 114 of the first connection assembly 10 and the temperature relay 114 of the second connection assembly 20 are in contact with each other (for example, the first The contact of the temperature relay 114 of the connection assembly 10 and the contact of the temperature relay 114 of the second connection assembly 20 are such that the contact unit 120 of the first connection assembly 10 is electrically connected to the contact unit 120 of the second connection assembly 20 to close Overload protection circuit.
  • the weak region 311 of the connecting piece 310 is blown, thereby cutting off the internal circuit of the battery pack 500, achieving over-temperature protection of the battery pack 500, and making the battery pack 500 operate more stably and reliably.
  • the temperature relay 114 can also be configured to flex outwardly when the temperature is too high, at which time the middle of the temperature relay 114 of the first connection assembly 10 faces the second connection.
  • the temperature relay 114 of the assembly 20 ie, rearward as shown in FIG. 8 is bent (ie, the temperature relay 114 is arched) to resist the force of the resilient member 121 to urge the contact portion 122 toward the temperature relay 114 of the second connection assembly 20.
  • the middle of the temperature relay 114 of the second connection assembly 20 can also be bent toward the temperature relay 114 of the first connection assembly 10 (ie, forward as shown in FIG.
  • the mounting seat 110 may be in the shape of a disk and provided with a cylindrical mounting hole 115 at its center.
  • the elastic member 121 and the contact portion 122 are both cylindrical, and the contact portion 122 is disposed in the elastic state. Inside the cylindrical through hole on the member 121.
  • Mounting holes 116 may also be provided on the mount 110. As shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of mounting holes 116 are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the mounting base 110 of the first connecting component 10, and a plurality of mounting holes are also provided along the circumferential direction of the mounting base 110 of the second connecting component 20. 116.
  • the mounting holes 116 in the mounting seat 110 of the first connecting component 10 are in one-to-one correspondence with the mounting holes 116 in the mounting seat 110 of the second connecting component 20.
  • the protection device 100 further includes a connector 113, each of which passes through and fits the mounting hole 116 on the mounting seat 110 of the first connection assembly 10 and the corresponding mounting hole 116 on the mounting seat 110 of the second connection assembly 20. Internally, a stable assembly between the first connection assembly 10 and the second connection assembly 20 is achieved.
  • the connector 113 may be a cylindrical pin and the mounting hole 116 may be a cylindrical through hole.
  • the protection device 100 includes four columnar pins 113, and correspondingly, four cylindrical through holes 116 are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the mounting seat 110 of the first connection assembly 10, in the second connection.
  • the mounting seat 110 of the assembly 20 is provided with four cylindrical through holes 116 spaced apart in the circumferential direction thereof.
  • the protection device 100 of the battery pack 500 may further include a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) temperature sensor and a battery management system (BMS).
  • NTC temperature sensor consists of an NTC thermistor and a probe whose resistance drops rapidly as the temperature rises. Thus, the corresponding temperature can be determined by measuring the resistance value of the NTC temperature sensor, thereby achieving the purpose of detecting and controlling the temperature.
  • the NTC temperature sensor is distributed on the connecting piece 310.
  • the BMS system can collect and analyze temperature data to start and stop the cooling system 540 of the battery pack 500. Therefore, when the battery pack 500 has a safety hazard during short circuit, overcharge, over discharge, overload or collision, the protection device 100 of the battery pack 500 can perform the following triple protection in sequence.
  • the battery pack 500 is protected by an NTC temperature sensor and a BMS system.
  • the BMS system collects and analyzes the temperature data of the battery 510 when the battery 510 has a safety hazard and generates heat. When the temperature of the battery 510 reaches a certain set value, the BMS system activates the cooling system 540, and the cooling system 540 cools the battery 510 to achieve temperature protection for the battery pack 500. When the BMS system or cooling system 540 fails, the first heavy protection fails and the temperature of the battery 510 continues to rise.
  • the second heavy protection when the first heavy protection fails, the temperature of the battery 510 continues to rise; when the temperature of the battery 510 reaches the starting temperature of the temperature relay 114, the temperature relay 114 in the protection device 100 is deformed to make the first
  • the connection assembly 10 is electrically connected to the second connection assembly 20 such that a short circuit is made between adjacent batteries 510, the connection piece 310 is blown, and the main circuit current of the battery pack 500 is cut off.
  • the third weight protection when the first weight protection and the second weight protection fail, the temperature of the battery 510 continues to rise and the battery 510 bulges; before the explosion-proof valve of the battery pack 500 is started, the battery 510 is pressed by the drum pressure to start The sheet 511, the pressure actuating sheet 511 drives the first connection assembly 10 and the second connection assembly 20 opposed to each other to be electrically connected, so that the adjacent batteries 510 are short-circuited, the connection sheet 310 is blown, and the main circuit current of the battery pack 500 is cut off.
  • the battery pack 500 when the battery pack 500 has a safety hazard, the battery pack 500 can be triple-protected by the protection device 100 of the battery pack 500.
  • the second heavy protection When the first heavy protection fails, the second heavy protection can be activated; when both the first heavy protection and the second heavy protection fail, the third heavy protection can be activated, thereby further enhancing the safety of the battery pack 500.
  • a protection device 100 of a battery pack 500 will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 1-8 in a specific embodiment. It is to be understood that the following description is only illustrative and not restrictive.
  • the battery pack 500 is externally provided with a housing 530.
  • the battery pack 500 has a plurality of batteries 510.
  • the plurality of batteries 510 are arranged in a regular matrix inside the housing 530, and two adjacent ones.
  • Protective devices are arranged between the batteries 510 Set to 100.
  • the protection device 100 includes a first connection assembly 10, a second connection assembly 20, and a conductive connection assembly 30.
  • the first connection assembly 10 and the second connection assembly 20 are disposed opposite each other between adjacent two batteries 510, and have a certain gap between the first connection assembly 10 and the second connection assembly 20.
  • the electrically conductive connection assembly 30 is electrically coupled to the first connection assembly 10 and the second connection assembly 20, respectively, to form an overload protection circuit.
  • the overload protection circuit can be closed.
  • a pressure activation piece 511 is provided at a position corresponding to the protection device 100.
  • the protection device 100 has a normal state and an alarm state. When the protection device 100 is in a normal state, the first connection assembly 10 and the second connection assembly 20 are spaced apart, and the overload protection circuit is disconnected. When the protection device 100 is in an alarm state, at least one of the first connection assembly 10 and the second connection assembly 20 generates motion to electrically connect to each other, and the overload protection circuit is closed.
  • the conductive connection assembly 30 includes a connecting piece 310 that is positioned above the battery pack 500 (shown in the up and down direction in FIG. 2).
  • the connecting piece 310 has a symmetrical structure, and in the left-right direction of the connecting piece 310 (the left-right direction as shown in FIG. 4), the connecting piece 310 is provided with a weak area 311 at its middle portion.
  • the weak area 311 is convex upward to form a bridge portion, and a plurality of through holes 312 are spaced apart in the weak area 311.
  • the thickness of the tab 310 at the weakened area 311 is less than the thickness at the remaining positions of the tab 310.
  • Each end of the connecting piece 310 is provided with a snap hole 313 and a connecting hole 314 to facilitate the fixed assembly of the connecting piece 310.
  • the left end of the connecting piece 310 is provided with a locking hole 313 and a connecting hole 314
  • the right end of the connecting piece 310 is also provided with a locking hole 313 and a connecting hole 314
  • the locking hole 313 of the left end of the connecting piece 310 and the connecting piece 310 The card-receiving holes 313 at the right end of the connecting plate are symmetrically arranged
  • the connecting holes 314 at the left end of the connecting piece 310 are symmetrically arranged with the connecting holes 314 at the right end of the connecting piece 310.
  • the second connection assembly 20 is identical in construction to the first connection assembly 10.
  • the first connection assembly 10 includes a mount 110 and a contact unit 120
  • the contact unit 120 includes an elastic member 121 and a contact portion 122 .
  • a through hole is formed in the elastic member 121, and the contact portion 122 is disposed in the through hole of the elastic member 121.
  • the mount 110 is provided with a mounting hole 115 at its center, and the contact unit 120 fits within the mounting hole 115.
  • the first connection assembly 10 also includes a temperature relay 114 that is disposed on the temperature relay 114. As shown in FIGS.
  • the contact unit 120 is disposed on the front surface of the temperature relay 114; in the second connection assembly 20, the contact unit 120 is disposed on the rear surface of the temperature relay 114.
  • the temperature relay 114 is a rectangular sheet-shaped bimetallic dome.
  • the mounting seat 110 defines a mounting groove 117 that communicates with the mounting hole 115 and the shape of the mounting groove 117 matches the shape of the temperature relay 114, whereby the temperature relay 114 and the contact unit 120 assembled together can be accommodated respectively
  • the mounting groove 117 and the mounting hole 115 are inside.
  • the mount 110 has a disk-shaped structure and is provided with four fitting holes 116 spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction thereof.
  • the protection device 100 further comprises four connectors 113 configured as cylindrical pins.
  • the connecting member 113 passes through the first connecting component 10
  • the mounting holes 116 in the mount 110 are fitted into the fitting holes 116 on the mount 110 of the second connecting assembly 20, thereby efficiently assembling the first connecting assembly 10 and the second connecting assembly 20 together.
  • the protection device 100 of the battery pack 500 further includes a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) temperature sensor and a battery management system (BMS).
  • NTC temperature sensor consists of an NTC thermistor and a probe whose resistance drops rapidly as the temperature rises.
  • the NTC temperature sensor is distributed over the tab 310, and the BMS system can acquire and analyze temperature data to start and stop the cooling system 540. Therefore, when the battery pack 500 has a safety hazard during short circuit, overcharge, over discharge, overload or collision, the protection device 100 of the battery pack 500 can perform the following triple protection in sequence.
  • the battery pack 510 is protected by an NTC temperature sensor and a BMS system.
  • the BMS system collects and analyzes the temperature data of the battery 510.
  • the temperature of the battery 510 reaches a certain set value
  • the BMS system activates the cooling system 540, and the cooling system 540 cools the battery 510 to achieve temperature protection for the battery pack 500.
  • the BMS system or cooling system 540 fails, the first heavy protection fails and the temperature of the battery 510 continues to rise.
  • the second heavy protection when the first heavy protection fails, the temperature of the battery 510 continues to rise; when the temperature of the battery 510 reaches the starting temperature of the temperature relay 114, the temperature relay 114 inside the protection device 100 is deformed to make the first
  • the connection assembly 10 is electrically connected to the second connection assembly 20 such that a short circuit is made between adjacent batteries 510, the connection piece 310 is blown, and the main circuit current of the battery pack 500 is cut off.
  • the third weight protection when the first weight protection and the second weight protection fail, the temperature of the battery 510 continues to rise and the battery 510 bulges; before the explosion-proof valve of the battery pack 500 is activated, the battery 510 drums the pressure starting piece 511, the pressure actuating piece 511 drives the first connection assembly 10 and the second connection assembly 20 opposed to each other to be electrically connected, so that the adjacent batteries 510 are short-circuited, the connection piece 310 is blown, and the main circuit current of the battery pack 500 is cut off.
  • the battery pack 500 when the battery pack 500 has a safety hazard, the battery pack 500 can be triple-protected by the protection device 100 of the battery pack 500.
  • the first heavy protection fails, the second heavy protection can be activated; when both the first heavy protection and the second heavy protection fail, the third heavy protection can be activated, thereby further enhancing the safety of the battery pack 500.
  • the protection device 100 has a simple structure, low cost, and reliable operation.
  • the protection device 100 overcomes the safety hazard of the battery pack 500 after the failure of the BMS system, and enhances the safety performance of the battery pack 500.
  • the battery pack 500 includes a plurality of spaced apart batteries 210, a partition 520, and the above-described protection device 100.
  • the partition plate 520 is provided between the two batteries 510 adjacent in the left-right direction, and the partition plate 520 is provided with two protection devices 100 in the front-rear direction.
  • the two batteries 510 may be juxtaposed in the front-rear direction on the left and right sides of the partition 520 shown in FIG. 6 .
  • each of the batteries 510 is provided with a pressure activation piece 511 at a central portion thereof, and the pressure activation piece 511 is opposed to the protection device 100 on the partition 520.
  • Pressure starting piece 511 can be mounted with the mount 110 can also have a certain gap (such as 0.5mm).
  • the first connection assembly 10 is opposed to one of the two batteries 510 adjacent in the left-right direction
  • the second connection assembly 20 is opposed to the other of the two batteries 510 adjacent in the left-right direction.
  • the protection device 100 when the protection device 100 is disposed between the adjacent two batteries 510, when the battery 510 has a safety hazard such as overcharge, short circuit, over temperature, etc., the first connection component 10 is driven.
  • the second connection assembly 20 is electrically connected to close the overload protection circuit. After the overload protection circuit is closed, the internal circuit of the battery pack 500 can be cut off to prevent the battery pack 500 from being exposed to fire and explosion, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery pack 500.
  • the protection device 100 is passively protected, thereby improving the reliability of the protection device 100, overcoming the safety hazard of the battery pack 500 after a BMS failure, and the protection device 100 can be used as the second weight after the BMS fails. protection.
  • the vehicle includes the above-described battery pack 500.
  • the first connection component 10 and the second connection component 20 are electrically connected to close the overload protection when the battery 510 has a safety hazard such as overcharge, short circuit, over temperature, and the like. Circuit. After the overload protection circuit is closed, the internal circuit of the battery pack 500 can be blown to prevent the battery pack 500 from being exposed to fire and explosion, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery pack 500, thereby improving the overall safety of the vehicle.
  • a safety hazard such as overcharge, short circuit, over temperature, and the like.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于电池组的保护装置、电池组及车辆，电池组(500)包括多个电池(510)，保护装置(100)设在相邻的两个电池(510)之间且包括：第一连接组件(10)、第二连接组件(20)和导电连接组件(30)。第一连接组件(10)与相邻的两个电池(510)中的第一电池相对，且所述第一连接组件(10)适于与第一电池的壳体电连接，第二连接组件(20)与相邻的两个电池(510)中的第二电池相对，第二连接组件(20)适于与第二电池的壳体电连接，且第二连接组件(20)与第一连接组件(10)相对。导电连接组件(30)用于与第一电池和第二电池的端子电连接，且适于分别与第一连接组件(10)和第二连接组件(20)电连接以构造成过载保护电路。保护装置(100)具有正常状态和报警状态。当保护装置(100)处于正常状态时，第一连接组件(10)和第二连接组件(20)间隔开，过载保护电路断路。当保护装置(100)处于报警状态时，第一连接组件(10)与第一电池的壳体电连接，第二连接组件(20)与第二电池的壳体电连接，且第一连接组件(10)和第二连接组件(20)中的至少一个产生运动以彼此电连接，过载保护电路闭合。

Description

用于电池组的保护装置、电池组及车辆 技术领域
本公开涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，尤其涉及一种用于电池组的保护装置、电池组及车辆。
背景技术
由于汽车的内部空间有限，汽车的电池组的电池排列比较密集。当汽车电池组在高负荷、长时间工作的情况下，容易导致电池发热。另外电池组在过充、过温和短路的情况下，同样存在发热膨胀的问题，容易引起电池组起火甚至爆炸。相关技术中，通过电池管理系统(BMS)和保险丝(FUSE)系统，对电池模组进行短路保护和过充保护，但是不仅成本高，而且不能实现单体电池之间的短路保护。此外，该保护方式为有源保护，可靠性低，通用性相对较差。
发明内容
本公开旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此，本公开提出一种用于电池组的保护装置，所述电池组的保护装置具有结构简单、可靠性好的优点。
本公开的另一个目的在于提出一种电池组，所述电池组包括上述保护装置。
本公开还提出一种车辆，所述车辆包括上述电池组。
本公开实施例提供一种用于电池组的保护装置，所述电池组包括多个电池，所述保护装置设在相邻的两个电池之间且包括：第一连接组件，所述第一连接组件与相邻的两个电池中的第一电池相对，且所述第一连接组件适于与所述第一电池的壳体电连接；第二连接组件，所述第二连接组件与相邻的两个电池中的第二电池相对，所述第二连接组件适于与所述第二电池的壳体电连接，且所述第二连接组件与所述第一连接组件相对；导电连接组件，所述导电连接组件用于与所述第一电池和所述第二电池的端子电连接，且适于分别与所述第一连接组件和所述第二连接组件电连接以构造成过载保护电路。所述保护装置具有正常状态和报警状态，当所述保护装置处于所述正常状态时，所述第一连接组件和所述第二连接组件间隔开，所述过载保护电路断路。当所述保护装置处于所述报警状态时，所述第一连接组件与所述第一电池的壳体电连接，所述第二连接组件与所述第二电池的壳体电连接，且所述第一连接组件和所述第二连接组件中的至少一个产生运动以使彼此电连接，所述过载保护电路短路。
根据本公开实施例的电池组的保护装置，通过在相邻的两块电池之间设置保护装置，当电池存在过充、短路、过温等安全隐患时，会驱使第一连接组件与第二连接组件彼此电连接 以闭合过载保护电路。过载保护电路闭合后，电池组的内部电路可以被熔断，防止电池组发生起火爆炸的危险，从而提高了电池组的安全性能。而且，该保护装置结构简单、成本低、运行可靠。另外，该保护装置为无源保护，因此提高了保护装置的可靠性，克服了电池管理系统(BMS)失效后电池组存在起火爆炸的安全隐患，而且该保护装置可以作为BMS失效后的第二重保护。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述导电连接组件包括：连接片，所述连接片具有薄弱区，当所述保护装置处于所述报警状态时，所述薄弱区熔断。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述薄弱区内具有多个彼此间隔开的通孔。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述连接片上位于所述薄弱区处的厚度小于所述连接片上其余位置处的厚度。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述第一连接组件和所述第二连接组件均包括：安装座，所述安装座上设有安装孔；和接触单元，所述接触单元容纳在所述安装座的安装孔内，所述第一连接组件的接触单元适于与所述第二连接组件的接触单元接触。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述第一连接组件和所述第二连接组件的接触单元均包括：弹性件，所述弹性件配合在所述安装座的安装孔内，所述弹性件内限定有通孔；和接触部，所述接触部可移动地设置在所述弹性件的通孔内，所述接触部包括面向与所述接触部相对的电池的第一端和背离与所述接触部相对的电池的第二端。
根据本公开的一些实施例，当所述保护装置处于正常状态时，所述第一连接组件和所述第二连接组件的接触部的第一端均从所述安装座的安装孔伸出，所述第一连接组件的接触部的第二端与所述第二连接组件的接触部的第二端彼此间隔开；当所述保护装置处于报警状态时，所述第一连接组件的接触部与所述第二连接组件的接触部朝向彼此运动，直至所述第一连接组件的接触部的第二端与所述第二连接组件的接触部的第二端接触，以闭合所述过载保护电路。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述第一连接组件和所述第二连接组件均还包括：温度继电器，所述温度继电器与所述接触单元相连。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述安装座包括安装槽，所述安装槽与所述安装孔连通，所述温度继电器容纳在所述安装槽内。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述温度继电器为记忆合金弹片或双金属弹片。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述第一连接组件的安装座包括沿所述安装座周向彼此间隔开设置的多个装配孔，所述第二连接组件的安装座包括沿所述安装座周向彼此间隔开设置的多个装配孔，所述第一连接组件上的多个装配孔与所述第二连接组件上的多个装配孔一一对应。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述保护装置还包括多个连接件，每个连接件分别穿过并配合在所述第一连接组件的一个装配孔和所述第二连接组件的与所述第一连接组件的所述一个装配孔对应的一个装配孔内。
根据本公开实施例的电池组，包括：多个电池；隔板，所述隔板设在相邻的两个电池之间；和根据本公开上述实施例的保护装置，所述保护装置嵌设在所述隔板上，所述保护装置的第一连接组件与相邻的两个电池中的第一电池相对，且所述第一连接组件适于与所述第一电池的壳体电连接，所述保护装置的第二连接组件与相邻的两个电池中的第二电池相对，所述第二连接组件适于与所述第二电池的壳体电连接，所述保护装置的导电连接组件与所述第一电池和所述第二电池的端子电连接。
根据本公开实施例的电池组，通过在相邻的两块电池之间设置保护装置，当电池存在过充、短路、过温等安全隐患时，会驱使第一连接组件与第二连接组件电连接以闭合过载保护电路。过载保护电路闭合后，电池组的内部电路可以被熔断，防止电池组发生起火爆炸的危险，从而提高了电池组的安全性能。另外，该保护装置为无源保护，因此提高了保护装置的可靠性，克服了电池管理系统(BMS)失效后电池组存在起火爆炸的安全隐患，而且该保护装置可以作为BMS失效后的第二重保护。
在本公开的一些实施例中，每个电池的壳体上设有压力启动片，所述压力启动片与所述第一连接组件或所述第二连接组件相对，且所述压力启动片与电池的壳体电连接。当所述保护装置处于所述报警状态时，所述压力启动片适于推动所述第一连接组件和所述第二连接组件中的一个连接组件朝向另一个连接组件运动，以使所述第一连接组件和所述第二连接组件彼此电连接。
根据本公开实施例的车辆，车辆包括根据本公开上述实施例的电池组。
根据本公开实施例的车辆，通过装配上述电池组，当电池存在过充、短路、过温等安全隐患时，会驱使第一连接组件与第二连接组件电连接以闭合过载保护电路。过载保护电路闭合后，电池组的内部电路可以被熔断，防止电池组发生起火爆炸的危险，从而提高了电池组的安全性能，进而提高了车辆整体的安全性。
附图说明
图1是根据本公开实施例的电池组的结构示意图。
图2是图1中所示的电池组的结构示意图，其中电池组的壳体被移除。
图3是图2中圈示的B部分的局部放大图。
图4是根据本公开实施例的电池组的保护装置的连接片的结构示意图。
图5是根据本公开实施例的电池组的局部的爆炸图，其中以爆炸的方式示出电池组中沿 前后方向排列的两个电池。
图6是根据本公开实施例的电池组的局部的结构示意图，其中示出沿前后方向布置在电池组的隔板上的两个保护装置。
图7是根据本公开实施例的电池组的保护装置的结构示意图，其中第一连接组件以爆炸的方式示出，而第二连接组件以非爆炸的方式示出。
图8是根据本公开实施例的电池组的保护装置的剖视图。
附图标记：
保护装置100，
第一连接组件10，
第二连接组件20，
安装座110，连接件113，温度继电器114，安装孔115，装配孔116，安装槽117，
接触单元120，弹性件121，接触部122，接触部122的第一端1221，接触部122的第二端1222，
导电连接组件30，连接片310，薄弱区311，通孔312，卡接孔313，连接孔314，
电池组500，电池510，压力启动片511，隔板520，壳体530，冷却系统540。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本公开的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本公开，而不能理解为对本公开的限制。
在本公开的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本公开的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本公开中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或彼此可通讯；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可 以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
下面参考图1-图8描述根据本公开实施例的电池组500的保护装置100、电池组500及车辆。
如图1-图8所示，根据本公开实施例的电池组500包括多个电池510，保护装置100设在相邻的两个电池510之间。根据本公开实施例的保护装置100包括：第一连接组件10、第二连接组件20和导电连接组件30。用于电池组500的保护装置100可以应用于车辆中。
具体而言，如图5-图8所示，第一连接组件10与相邻的两个电池510中的一个相对，第二连接组件20与相邻的两个电池510中的另一个相对，即第一连接组件与相邻的两个电池中的第一电池相对，第二连接组件与相邻的两个电池中的第二电池相对，并且第二连接组件20与第一连接组件10相对。换言之，第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20彼此相对地设置在相邻的两块电池510之间。第一连接组件10与第二连接组件20之间具有一定的间隙(例如，可以为1-1.2mm)，第一连接组件10与一个电池510之间可以具有间隙(如0.5mm)或相互抵靠，第二连接组件20与另一个电池510之间也可以具有间隙(如0.5mm)或者相互抵靠。第一连接组件适于与所述第一电池的壳体电连接，第二连接组件适于与所述第二电池的壳体电连接，导电连接组件30用于与所述第一电池和所述第二电池的端子电连接，且适于分别与第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20电连接以构造成过载保护电路。
如图1和图2所示，电池组500具有壳体530，在壳体530内部可以设置有多块电池510。电池510在壳体530内部可以呈规则的矩阵排布，或者以其他形式排列。由于车辆中供电池组500的安装空间有限，电池组500中的电池510排列较紧密。当电池组500在大负荷情况下工作时，电池510容易发热，从而引起起火、爆炸等危险。然而，根据本公开实施例的电池组500的保护装置100，在相邻的两个电池510之间设置有保护装置100，第一连接组件10和第一连接组件10可以彼此相对地设置在相邻的两块电池510之间。当电池组500存在安全隐患时，第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20适于彼此电连接以闭合过载保护电路，闭合的过载保护电路可以对电池组500起到保护作用。
保护装置100具有正常状态和报警状态。当保护装置100处于正常状态时，本公开实施例的电池组500的多个电池510通过导电连接组件30相互连接形成充电或放电回路,而第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20彼此间隔开，即第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20彼此断开，即过载保护电路处于断开状态。可以理解的是，保护装置100处于正常状态意味着电池组500处于稳定安全的工作状态。
当保护装置100处于报警状态时，第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20中的至少一个产生运动以彼此电连接，此时过载保护电路闭合。可以理解的是，保护装置100处于报警状态 意味着电池组500处于过充、短路、过温等不安全工作状态。
例如，当电池组500中的一块电池510的温度过高时，电池510受热膨胀，膨胀的电池510的壳体挤压该电池510和与其相邻的电池510之间的保护装置100，进而膨胀的电池510的壳体与第一连接组件10或者第二连接组件20电连接，并使第一连接组件10或者第二连接组件20发生运动，由此第一连接组件10与第二连接组件20接触以在两者之间形成电连接。即第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20分别与相邻电池中的一个的壳体电连接，且第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20中的至少一个产生运动以彼此电连接，相邻电池之间通过导电连接组件30电连接，通过相邻电池的壳体的电极性，实现电芯的短路。
例如，通常而言，电池的壳体与电池的负极极性一致，如果导电连接组件30分别连接相邻电池中的第一电池的正极端子和第二电池的负极端子，从而将相邻电池串联起来，则当保护装置100处于报警状态时，第一连接组件10与第一电池的壳体电连接，第二连接组件20与第二电池的壳体电连接，第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20彼此电连接。也就是说在保护装置100处于报警状态时，第一电池和第二电池的负极直接电连接，此时，第一电池的正极端子依次通过导电连接组件30、第二电池的负极端子、第二连接组件20(与第二电池的负极端子极性一致)和第一连接组件10与第一电池的负极壳体电连接，即第一电池的正负极之间形成短路，产生大电流进而熔断导电连接组件30。此时，可以闭合过载保护电路并熔断电池组500的内部电路，进而将异常电池(如膨胀、发鼓的电池)从充电或放电电路中断开，防止电池组500发生起火爆炸的危险，从而提高了电池组500的安全性能。
根据本公开实施例的电池组500的保护装置100，通过在相邻的两块电池510之间设置保护装置100，当电池510存在过充、短路、过温等安全隐患时，第一连接组件10与第二连接组件20电连接以闭合过载保护电路。过载保护电路闭合后可以熔断电池组500的内部电路，防止电池组500发生起火爆炸的危险，从而提高了电池组500的安全性能。而且，该保护装置100结构简单、成本低、运行可靠。另外，该保护装置100为无源保护，因此提高了保护装置100的可靠性，克服了电池管理系统(BMS)失效后电池组500存在起火爆炸的安全隐患，而且该保护装置100可以作为BMS失效后的第二重保护。
根据本公开的一个实施例，如图2-图4所示，导电连接组件30包括连接片310，连接片310具有薄弱区311。当保护装置100处于报警状态时，薄弱区311被熔断。在一些实施例中，薄弱区311可以根据电池510的不同容量和类型进行匹配设计。例如，薄弱区311可以设计为：当600A电流流过薄弱区311时，薄弱区311在10S内熔断。当薄弱区311熔断后，电池组500的内部电路则被切断，进而实现对电池组500的保护。
进一步地，薄弱区311内可以具有多个间隔开的通孔312。例如，如图4中的示例所示，连接片310具有对称结构，沿连接片310长度方向(即图4中的左右方向)，连接片310在 其中部位置设置薄弱区311，薄弱区311向上凸起以形成桥状部，在薄弱区311间隔设置有多个通孔312。在本公开的一些实施例中，薄弱区311的厚度(即沿图4中所示的上下方向的尺寸)越小、宽度(即沿图4中所示的前后方向的尺寸)越窄，薄弱区311承载电流的能力越弱，即薄弱区311可以在低电流、短时间内熔断。由此，根据电池510的容量和类型，通过在薄弱区311间隔设置多个通孔312以及调整薄弱区311的尺寸，可以满足不同电池组500的过充、过温和短路保护需求。
在本公开的一些实施例中，连接片310的位于薄弱区311处的厚度可以小于连接片310的其余位置处的厚度。如图4所示，位于连接片310中部的薄弱区311的厚度(即沿图4中所示的上下方向的尺寸)小于连接片310的其余位置处的厚度(即沿图4中所示的上下方向的尺寸)。可以理解的是，如图4所示，位于连接片310中间位置处的薄弱区311向上凸起，且薄弱区311的厚度较小，由此，可以在电池组500存在安全隐患时，及时熔断薄弱区311，切断电池组500的内部电路，对电池组500进行保护。由于连接片310需要固定在隔板520上，在连接片310的每端均设置卡接孔313和连接孔314，以方便连接片310的固定装配。连接片310的左右两端处的厚度较大，以保证连接片310的结构强度，防止连接片310固定时产生断裂，由此增强固定连接片310的可靠稳定性。
根据本公开的一些实施例，如图7和8所示，第一连接组件10与第二连接组件10具有相同结构，因此以第一连接组件10为例对第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20的结构进行描述。如图7所示，第一连接组件10以爆炸方式示出，且第一连接组件10包括：安装座110和接触单元120。接触单元120嵌设在安装座110内，由此便于接触单元120的装配。第一连接组件10的接触单元120适于与第二连接组件20的接触单元120接触以使第一连接组件10与第二连接组件20电连接。由此，当电池组500存在过温、过充和短路等安全隐患时，第一连接组件10可以与第二连接组件20电连接，进而闭合过载保护电路以对电池组500进行保护。
进一步地，如图7和8所示，接触单元120包括：弹性件121和接触部122，弹性件121内设有通孔，接触部122可移动地设在弹性件121的通孔内。此外，安装座110内设有安装孔115，装配有接触部122的弹性件121可以容纳在安装座110的安装孔115内。在本公开的一些实施例中，接触部122可以由电阻率低的金属制成，如紫铜。为了提高接触部122的抗氧化性能、减小接触电阻，可以对接触部122进行镀银、镀金或镀镍等处理。
在本公开的一些实施例中，接触部122包括面向与接触部122相对的电池510的第一端1221和背离与接触部122相对的电池510(即面向另一接触部122)的第二端1222。当保护装置100处于正常状态时，在弹性件121的作用下，接触部122的第一端1221从安装座110的安装孔115伸出，接触部122的第二端1222与另一接触部122的第二端1222彼此间隔开， 由此防止两个接触部120意外接触。当保护装置100处于报警状态时，与接触部122相对的电池510向接触部122的第一端1221施加作用力，以抵抗弹性件121的作用力朝向另一接触部122推动该接触部122，直至两接触部122的第二端1222彼此接触，以使过载保护电路闭合。
本公开的一些实施例中，如图5所示，在电池510的中部，位于与保护装置100对应的位置处可以设置有压力启动片511，压力启动片511与电池510的壳体电连接，压力启动片511与安装座110(具体为接触部122)可以止抵或具有微小间隙(如0.5mm)。当电池组500存在安全隐患时，例如，当电池510温度过高发鼓时，位于电池510上的压力启动片511由内凹状态变为外凸状态，进而与一个连接组件的接触部122电接触并推动一个连接组件的接触部122朝向另一连接组件的接触部122移动，并与另一连接组件的接触部122电接触，以闭合过载保护电路，对电池组500进行保护。
在本公开的一些实施例中，第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20还可以包括温度继电器114，接触单元120可以设在温度继电器114上，以便于温度继电器114电连接。而温度继电器114与接触单元120一起嵌设在安装座110上。如图7所示，接触单元120可以设置在温度继电器114的面向安装座110的表面上。相应地，安装座110上可以限定出安装槽117以用于容纳温度继电器114。如图7和8所示，温度继电器114呈长方形片状，安装槽117呈长方形且设置在安装座110的背离与其相对的电池510的表面上。对第一连接组件10而言，安装槽117设置在第一连接组件10的安装座110的后表面上，对第二连接组件20而言，安装槽117设置在第二连接组件20的安装座110的前表面上。在本公开一些实施例中，安装槽117的深度(即沿图7和8中所示的前后方向上的尺寸)大于温度继电器114的厚度(即沿图7和8中所示的前后方向上的尺寸)，使得当第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20安装到位时，第一连接组件10的接触单元120与第二连接组件20的接触单元120之间的距离为1-1.2mm。此外，安装槽117与安装孔115连通，使得组装在一起的温度继电器114与接触单元120可以一起嵌设在安装座110内。
在本公开的一些实施例中，温度继电器114可以为记忆合金弹片或双金属弹片，其可以根据温度的变化产生形变。然而，本公开并不限于此。例如，温度继电器114还可以是其他温度继电器。在实际生产中，可以根据电池组500的温度保护范围相应地选择温度继电器114，以准确可靠地实现电池组500的过温保护。
在本公开的一些实施例中，温度继电器114可以根据温度的变化产生形变，使得相对的两个温度继电器114相互彼此接触，进而使彼此相对的两个接触单元120电连接以闭合过载保护电路。可以理解的是，可以在相对的两个温度继电器114上的对应位置分别设置触点(如温度继电器114的两个端部)，所述触点在温度继电器114发生形变时相互接触，以电连接 相对的两个温度继电器114。当保护装置100处于正常状态时，温度继电器114未发生形变，在弹性件121的作用下，接触部122的第一端1221从安装座110的安装孔115伸出，接触部122的第二端1222与另一接触部122的第二端1222彼此间隔开，由此防止两个接触部120意外接触。当保护装置100处于报警状态时，例如，当电池510的温度过高，超过温度继电器114的临界温度(例如80℃)时，温度继电器114向内弯曲，发生形变，即第一连接组件10的温度继电器114的两个端部朝向第二连接组件20的温度继电器114(即如图8中所示的向后)弯曲，同时第二连接组件20的温度继电器114的两个端部也可以朝向第一连接组件10的温度继电器114(即如图8中所示的向前)弯曲，进而第一连接组件10的温度继电器114和第二连接组件20的温度继电器114相互接触(例如，第一连接组件10的温度继电器114的触点和第二连接组件20的温度继电器114的触点接触)，使得第一连接组件10的接触单元120与第二连接组件20的接触单元120电连接以闭合过载保护电路。由此，连接片310的薄弱区311被熔断，从而切断电池组500内部电路，实现电池组500的过温保护，使电池组500更加稳定可靠地工作。
可以理解的是，在本公开的一些实施例中，温度继电器114也可以设置为在温度过高时，向外弯曲变形，此时，第一连接组件10的温度继电器114的中部朝向第二连接组件20的温度继电器114(即如图8中所示的向后)弯曲(即温度继电器114拱起)，以抵抗弹性件121的作用力驱使接触部122朝向第二连接组件20的温度继电器114移动，同时第二连接组件20的温度继电器114的中部也可以朝向第一连接组件10的温度继电器114(即如图8中所示的向前)弯曲(即温度继电器114拱起)，以抵抗弹性件121的作用力驱使接触部122朝向第一连接组件20的温度继电器114移动，使得第一连接组件10的接触部122与第二连接组件20的接触部122接触以闭合过载保护电路。由此，连接片310的薄弱区311被熔断，从而切断电池组500内部电路，实现电池组500的过温保护，使电池组500更加稳定可靠地工作。
在本公开的一个具体实施例中，安装座110可以呈圆片状且在其圆心处设有圆柱形安装孔115，弹性件121和接触部122均呈圆柱形，且接触部122设置在弹性件121上的圆柱形通孔内。在安装座110上还可以设置有装配孔116。如图7所示，沿第一连接组件10的安装座110的周向方向间隔设置有多个装配孔116，沿第二连接组件20的安装座110的周向方向间隔设置也有多个装配孔116，第一连接组件10的安装座110上的装配孔116与第二连接组件20的安装座110上的装配孔116一一对应。保护装置100还包括连接件113，每个连接件113穿过并配合在第一连接组件10的安装座110上的装配孔116和第二连接组件20的安装座110上的对应的装配孔116内，以实现第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20之间的稳固装配。
在本公开的一些实施例中，连接件113可以为柱状插销，装配孔116可以为圆柱形通孔。如图7所示，保护装置100包括四个柱状插销113，相应地，在第一连接组件10的安装座110上沿其周向方向间隔设置有四个圆柱形通孔116，在第二连接组件20的安装座110上沿其周向方向间隔设置有四个圆柱形通孔116。由此，第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20可以通过柱状插销与圆柱形通孔之间的配合方便高效地装配在一起。
在本公开的一些实施例中，电池组500的保护装置100还可以包括负温度系数(NTC)温度传感器和电池管理系统(BMS)。NTC温度传感器包括NTC热敏电阻和探头，其电阻值随着温度上升而迅速下降。由此，可通过测量NTC温度传感器的电阻值来确定相应的温度，从而达到检测和控制温度的目的。NTC温度传感器分布在连接片310上。BMS系统可以采集并分析温度数据，启动和停止电池组500的冷却系统540。由此，当电池组500在短路、过充、过放、过载或碰撞时存在安全隐患的情况下，电池组500的保护装置100可以依次进行以下三重保护。
第一重保护：通过NTC温度传感器和BMS系统对电池组500进行保护。当电池510存在安全隐患而发热时，BMS系统采集并分析电池510的温度数据。当电池510的温度达到某一设定值时，BMS系统启动冷却系统540，冷却系统540对电池510进行冷却，从而实现对电池组500的降温保护。当BMS系统或冷却系统540失效时，第一重保护失效，电池510的温度持续升高。
第二重保护：当第一重保护失效时，电池510的温度持续升高；当电池510的温度达到温度继电器114的启动温度时，保护装置100内的温度继电器114产生形变，以使第一连接组件10与第二连接组件20电连接，使得相邻电池510之间短路，连接片310熔断并且电池组500的主回路电流被切断。
第三重保护：当第一重保护和第二重保护失效时，电池510的温度持续升高并且电池510发鼓膨胀；在电池组500的防爆阀启动之前，电池510发鼓挤压压力启动片511，压力启动片511驱动彼此相对的第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20电连接，使得相邻电池510之间短路，连接片310熔断并且电池组500的主回路电流被切断。
由此，当电池组500存在安全隐患时，通过电池组500的保护装置100，可以对电池组500进行三重保护。当第一重保护失效时，可以启动第二重保护；当第一重保护和第二重保护均失效时，可以启动第三重保护，从而进一步增强了电池组500的安全性。
下面参照图1-图8以一个具体的实施例详细描述根据本公开实施例的电池组500的保护装置100。可以理解的是，下述描述仅是示例性说明，而不是对本公开的具体限制。
如图1和图2所示，电池组500外部设有壳体530，电池组500具有多块电池510，多块电池510在壳体530的内部呈规则的矩阵排布，且相邻的两个电池510之间设置有保护装 置100。
如图3-7所示，保护装置100包括：第一连接组件10、第二连接组件20和导电连接组件30。第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20彼此相对地设置在相邻的两块电池510之间，且第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20之间具有一定的间隙。导电连接组件30分别与第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20电连接以形成过载保护电路。由此，当第一连接组件10与第二连接组件20电连接时，可以闭合过载保护电路。如图5所示，在电池510的中部，位于与保护装置100相对应的位置处设置有压力启动片511。
保护装置100具有正常状态和报警状态。当保护装置100处于正常状态时，第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20间隔开，过载保护电路断开。当保护装置100处于报警状态时，第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20中的至少一个产生运动以彼此电连接，过载保护电路闭合。
如图2-图4所示，导电连接组件30包括连接片310，连接片310位于电池组500的上方(如图2中的上下方向所示)。如图4所示，连接片310呈对称结构，沿连接片310的左右方向(如图4中所示的左右方向)，连接片310在其中部设置薄弱区311。薄弱区311向上凸起以形成桥状部，在薄弱区311间隔设置有多个通孔312。连接片310的位于薄弱区311处的厚度小于连接片310的其余位置处的厚度。当保护装置100处于报警状态时，薄弱区311熔断。连接片310的每端均设置有卡接孔313和连接孔314，以方便连接片310的固定装配。换言之，连接片310的左端设置有卡接孔313和连接孔314，而连接片310的右端也设置有卡接孔313和连接孔314，连接片310的左端的卡接孔313与连接片310的右端的卡接孔313对称布置，连接片310的左端的连接孔314与连接片310的右端的连接孔314对称布置。
如图7和8所示，第二连接组件20与第一连接组件10的构造相同。具体地，如图7所示，第一连接组件10包括：安装座110和接触单元120，接触单元120包括弹性件121和接触部122。弹性件121内设有通孔，接触部122设置在弹性件121的通孔内。安装座110在其中心处设有安装孔115，接触单元120配合在安装孔115内。第一连接组件10还包括温度继电器114，接触单元120设置在温度继电器114上。如图7和8所示，在第一连接组件10中，接触单元120设置在温度继电器114的前表面上；在第二连接组件20中，接触单元120设置在温度继电器114的后表面上。温度继电器114为长方形片状双金属弹片。安装座110上限定出安装槽117，安装槽117与安装孔115连通且安装槽117的形状与温度继电器114的形状相匹配，由此组装在一起的温度继电器114和接触单元120可以分别容纳在安装槽117和安装孔115内。
此外，安装座110为圆片形结构，且沿其周向方向设置有彼此间隔的四个装配孔116。保护装置100还包括四个构造为柱状插销的连接件113。连接件113穿过第一连接组件10 的安装座110上的装配孔116以配合在第二连接组件20的安装座110上的装配孔116内，进而将第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20高效地装配在一起。
另外，电池组500的保护装置100还包括负温度系数(NTC)温度传感器和电池管理系统(BMS)。NTC温度传感器包括NTC热敏电阻和探头，其电阻值随着温度上升而迅速下降。由此，可通过测量NTC温度传感器的电阻值来确定相应的温度，从而达到检测和控制温度的目的。NTC温度传感器分布在连接片310上，BMS系统可以采集并分析温度数据，启动和停止冷却系统540。由此，当电池组500在短路、过充、过放、过载或碰撞时存在安全隐患的情况下，电池组500的保护装置100可以依次进行以下三重保护。
第一重保护：通过NTC温度传感器和BMS系统对电池组510进行保护。当电池510存在安全隐患发热时，BMS系统采集并分析电池510的温度数据。当电池510的温度达到某一设定值时，BMS系统启动冷却系统540，冷却系统540对电池510进行冷却，从而实现对电池组500的降温保护。当BMS系统或冷却系统540失效时，第一重保护失效，电池510的温度持续升高。
第二重保护：当第一重保护失效时，电池510的温度持续升高；当电池510的温度达到温度继电器114的启动温度时，保护装置100内部的温度继电器114产生形变，以使第一连接组件10与第二连接组件20电连接，使得相邻电池510之间短路，连接片310熔断并且电池组500的主回路电流被切断。
第三重保护：当第一重保护和第二重保护失效，电池510的温度持续升高并且电池510发鼓膨胀；在电池组500的防爆阀启动之前，电池510发鼓挤压压力启动片511，压力启动片511驱动彼此相对的第一连接组件10和第二连接组件20电连接，使得相邻电池510之间短路，连接片310熔断并且电池组500的主回路电流被切断。
由此，当电池组500存在安全隐患时，通过电池组500的保护装置100，可以对电池组500进行三重保护。当第一重保护失效时，可以启动第二重保护；当第一重保护和第二重保护均失效时，可以启动第三重保护，从而进一步增强了电池组500的安全性。而且，该保护装置100结构简单、成本低、运行可靠。另外，该保护装置100克服了BMS系统失效后电池组500存在起火爆炸的安全隐患，增强了电池组500的安全性能。
根据本公开实施例的电池组500，如图1和图2所示，包括：多个间隔开的电池210、隔板520和上述保护装置100。
如图6所示，隔板520设在沿左右方向相邻的两个电池510之间，隔板520沿前后方向设有两个保护装置100。需要说明的是，图6中所示的隔板520的左右两侧均可沿前后方向并列放置两块电池510。如图5对应地示出，每块电池510在其中部位置处设置有压力启动片511，压力启动片511与隔板520上的保护装置100相对。压力启动片511可以与安装座 110相抵，也可以具有一定的间隙(如0.5mm)。第一连接组件10与沿左右方向相邻的两个电池510中的一个相对，第二连接组件20与沿左右方向相邻的两个电池510中的另一个相对。
根据本公开实施例的电池组500，通过在相邻的两块电池510之间设置保护装置100，当电池510存在过充、短路、过温等安全隐患时，会驱使第一连接组件10与第二连接组件20电连接以闭合过载保护电路。过载保护电路闭合后，电池组500的内部电路可以被切断，防止电池组500发生起火爆炸的危险，从而提高了电池组500的安全性能。另外，该保护装置100为无源保护，因此提高了保护装置100的可靠性，克服了BMS失效后电池组500存在起火爆炸的安全隐患，而且该保护装置100可以作为BMS失效后的第二重保护。
根据本公开实施例的车辆，车辆包括上述电池组500。
根据本公开实施例的车辆，通过装配上述电池组500，当电池510存在过充、短路、过温等安全隐患时，会驱使第一连接组件10与第二连接组件20电连接以闭合过载保护电路。过载保护电路闭合后，电池组500的内部电路可以被熔断，防止电池组500发生起火爆炸的危险，从而提高了电池组500的安全性能，进而提高了车辆整体的安全性。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本公开的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本公开的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本公开的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种用于电池组的保护装置，其特征在于，所述电池组包括多个电池，所述保护装置设在相邻的两个电池之间且包括：
    第一连接组件，所述第一连接组件与相邻的两个电池中的第一电池相对，且所述第一连接组件适于与所述第一电池的壳体电连接；
    第二连接组件，所述第二连接组件与相邻的两个电池中的第二电池相对，所述第二连接组件适于与所述第二电池的壳体电连接，且所述第二连接组件与所述第一连接组件相对；
    导电连接组件，所述导电连接组件用于与所述第一电池和所述第二电池的端子电连接，且适于分别与所述第一连接组件和所述第二连接组件电连接以构造成过载保护电路，
    所述保护装置具有正常状态和报警状态，当所述保护装置处于所述正常状态时，所述第一连接组件和所述第二连接组件间隔开，所述过载保护电路断路；
    当所述保护装置处于所述报警状态时，所述第一连接组件与所述第一电池的壳体电连接，所述第二连接组件与所述第二电池的壳体电连接，且所述第一连接组件和所述第二连接组件中的至少一个产生运动以使彼此电连接，所述过载保护电路闭合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的保护装置，其特征在于，所述导电连接组件包括：
    连接片，所述连接片具有薄弱区，当所述保护装置处于所述报警状态时，所述薄弱区熔断。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的保护装置，其特征在于，所述薄弱区内具有多个彼此间隔开的通孔。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的保护装置，其特征在于，所述连接片上位于所述薄弱区处的厚度小于所述连接片上其余位置处的厚度。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的保护装置，其特征在于，所述第一连接组件和所述第二连接组件均包括：
    安装座，所述安装座上设有安装孔；和
    接触单元，所述接触单元容纳在所述安装座的安装孔内，
    所述第一连接组件的接触单元适于与所述第二连接组件的接触单元接触。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的保护装置，其特征在于，所述第一连接组件和所述第二连接组件的接触单元均包括：
    弹性件，所述弹性件配合在所述安装座的安装孔内，所述弹性件内限定有通孔；和
    接触部，所述接触部可移动地设置在所述弹性件的通孔内，所述接触部包括面向与所述接触部相对的电池的第一端和背离与所述接触部相对的电池的第二端。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的保护装置，其特征在于，
    当所述保护装置处于正常状态时，所述第一连接组件和所述第二连接组件的接触部的第一端均从所述安装座的安装孔伸出，所述第一连接组件的接触部的第二端与所述第二连接组件的接触部的第二端彼此间隔开；
    当所述保护装置处于报警状态时，所述第一连接组件的接触部与所述第二连接组件的接触部朝向彼此运动，直至所述第一连接组件的接触部的第二端与所述第二连接组件的接触部的第二端接触，以闭合所述过载保护电路。
  8. 根据权利要求5-7中任一项所述的保护装置，其特征在于，所述第一连接组件和所述第二连接组件均还包括：温度继电器，所述温度继电器与所述接触单元相连。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的保护装置，其特征在于，所述安装座包括安装槽，所述安装槽与所述安装孔连通，所述温度继电器容纳在所述安装槽内。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的保护装置，其特征在于，所述温度继电器为记忆合金弹片或双金属弹片。
  11. 根据权利要求5-10中任一项所述的保护装置，其特征在于，
    所述第一连接组件的安装座包括沿所述安装座周向彼此间隔开设置的多个装配孔，
    所述第二连接组件的安装座包括沿所述安装座周向彼此间隔开设置的多个装配孔，
    所述第一连接组件上的多个装配孔与所述第二连接组件上的多个装配孔一一对应。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的保护装置，其特征在于，所述保护装置还包括多个连接件，每个连接件分别穿过并配合在所述第一连接组件的一个装配孔和所述第二连接组件的与所述第一连接组件的所述一个装配孔对应的一个装配孔内。
  13. 一种电池组，包括：
    多个电池；
    隔板，所述隔板设在相邻的两个电池之间；和
    根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的保护装置，所述保护装置嵌设在所述隔板上，所述保护装置的第一连接组件与相邻的两个电池中的第一电池相对，且所述第一连接组件适于与所述第一电池的壳体电连接，所述保护组件的第二连接组件与相邻的两个电池中的第二电池相对，所述第二连接组件适于与所述第二电池的壳体电连接，所述保护装置的导电连接组件与所述第一电池和所述第二电池的端子电连接。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池组，其特征在于，每个电池的壳体上设有压力启动片，所述压力启动片与所述第一连接组件或所述第二连接组件相对，且所述压力启动片与电池的壳体电连接，
    当所述保护装置处于所述报警状态时，所述压力启动片适于推动所述第一连接组件和所述第二连接组件中的一个连接组件朝向另一个连接组件运动，以使所述第一连接组件和所述 第二连接组件彼此电连接。
  15. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求13或14所述的电池组。
PCT/CN2017/091902 2016-12-30 2017-07-05 用于电池组的保护装置、电池组及车辆 WO2018120732A1 (zh)

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