WO2018120063A1 - 一种自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件 - Google Patents

一种自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018120063A1
WO2018120063A1 PCT/CN2016/113604 CN2016113604W WO2018120063A1 WO 2018120063 A1 WO2018120063 A1 WO 2018120063A1 CN 2016113604 W CN2016113604 W CN 2016113604W WO 2018120063 A1 WO2018120063 A1 WO 2018120063A1
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Prior art keywords
chamber
frame
hole
moisture
card slot
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PCT/CN2016/113604
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐超友
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徐超友
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Publication date
Application filed by 徐超友 filed Critical 徐超友
Priority to PCT/CN2016/113604 priority Critical patent/WO2018120063A1/zh
Publication of WO2018120063A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018120063A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/677—Evacuating or filling the gap between the panes ; Equilibration of inside and outside pressure; Preventing condensation in the gap between the panes; Cleaning the gap between the panes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a moisture-proof hollow glass component which automatically balances air pressure, and can be used for an EMU, a rolling stock, an aircraft, which is required for heat insulation, sound insulation, strength and weight reduction, in particular, a vehicle door and window which changes in line air pressure.
  • composite insulating glass is basically used due to its special requirements for heat insulation, sound insulation, weight and perspective.
  • Insulating glass is a rigid sealing body, and the external air pressure will change when the altitude of the running line changes. The change in air pressure causes a pressure difference between the inside of the insulating glass and the outside, which causes the glass to be deformed, or the edge sealing material is cracked to shorten the life and even the glass is broken.
  • the existing locomotive runs the Qinghai-Tibet Railway with a maximum altitude of 5,072 meters.
  • the external air pressure at this altitude is only 0.5 atmospheres, which creates a difference between the internal and external air pressure. If the pressure difference is too large and exceeds the range that the glass can withstand, it will lead to the glass. The occurrence of bursting is harmful to the safety of passengers.
  • the current method is to increase the thickness of the glass.
  • the range of the pressure difference can be increased, the adverse effect is that the thickness of the glass increases the combined weight of the existing composite insulating glass. Larger.
  • a series of 8 groups of EMU side windows probably require 200 square meters of insulating glass. If the number of square meters per square meter is reduced by 10 kilograms, each train can be reduced by 2 tons. The weight reduction is effective for energy saving and consumption reduction during train operation. Therefore, in consideration of energy saving and environmental protection, it is necessary to try to reduce the weight of the composite insulating glass without reducing the strength and safety, and it is also required to achieve a sufficient service life, for example, 10 years or more.
  • Chinese utility model patent an air-insulating hollow glass component (201620756220.1), discloses an insulating glass component, in the hollow glass cavity, adding a sealing plate, dividing the cavity into an airtight chamber and externally In the two parts of the chamber, the volume of the airtight chamber can be changed with the change of the air pressure to ensure that the air pressure inside the airtight chamber is the same as the outside air pressure.
  • the process of volume change of the airtight chamber in exchange with the air inside the chamber and the outside world, moisture and dust from the outside air are inevitably entered into the chamber, causing pollution to affect the line of sight.
  • the present invention proposes a moisture-proof insulating hollow glass assembly that automatically balances air pressure, and can be applied to an EMU and a locomotive that have requirements for heat insulation, sound insulation, strength and weight.
  • Vehicles, airplanes, etc. operate on the doors and windows of vehicles with varying air pressures, reducing the moisture and dust from the outside air entering the hollow glass window and causing line of sight.
  • the invention relates to an automatic balance air pressure moisture-proof hollow glass component, which comprises an outer layer plate 1 and an inner layer plate 2,
  • the layer plate 1 and the inner layer plate 2 are fixedly connected by the fixing frame 3 and form a hollow chamber 4, and the fixing frame 3 is connected to the outer layer plate 1 in a gas-tight manner, and the hollow chamber 4 has a sealing plate 6 and one or more An elastic connecting device 7 capable of deformation, the sealing plate 6 is hermetically connected to the outer layer plate 1 and the fixing frame 3 through the elastic connecting device 7, and the airtight chamber 8 whose volume can be changed is formed, and the hollow chamber 4 is airtight.
  • the fixing frame 3 is provided with one or a plurality of through holes 5, and the communication chamber 9 communicates with the air bag through the through holes 5.
  • the outer layer sheet 1, the inner layer sheet 2, and the sealing sheet 6 are all glass sheets.
  • the airtight chamber 8 is not in communication with the outside air, so that the main change factor of the internal air pressure is temperature, and the communication chamber 9 communicates with the air bag through the through hole 5 because the internal air pressure changes with the external air pressure and remains the same as the external air pressure.
  • the change in altitude causes a change in the external air pressure, and at the same time causes a change in the air pressure of the communication chamber 9, thereby causing a difference in the air pressure between the airtight chamber 8 and the communication chamber 9, which causes the airtight chamber 8 due to the action of the elastic connecting device 7.
  • the volume can be varied, and the volume change can reduce the difference in air pressure between the airtight chamber 8 and the communication chamber 9 such that the pressures of the two tend to be uniform.
  • the number of the through holes 5 does not need to be too large, and as long as there are one or two, the filter chamber 36 can be connected to the air bag.
  • the moisture-proof hollow glass component of the above-mentioned automatic balance air pressure, the fixing frame 3 is a rectangular metal frame, and includes an outer bonding surface 31, an inner bonding surface 32, a fixing surface 33 and a clamping surface 34.
  • the fixing frame 3 has a drying chamber 35 and a filtering inside.
  • the chamber 36 has a desiccant in the drying chamber 35 and is provided with a drying hole 37.
  • the drying chamber 35 communicates with the inside of the airtight chamber 7 through the drying hole 37.
  • the filter chamber 36 is filled with a filler having an air filtering function and passes through
  • the hole 5 is in communication with the air bag, and the filler having the air filtering function fills the entire space of the filter chamber 36 or at least fills a partial space near the through hole 5;
  • the elastic connecting device 7 includes a rubber strip 73, a free frame 74, and a free frame 74.
  • the rectangular metal frame has a sealing plane 75, and the rubber strips 73 are continuously distributed along the circumferential direction of the sealing plate 6.
  • the rubber strip 73 has a first connecting portion 731, a second connecting portion 732 and an elastic portion 733, and the first connecting portion 731 is airtight.
  • the ground is connected to the engaging surface 34, the second connecting portion 732 is airtightly connected to the free frame 74, and the side of the elastic portion 733 close to the communicating chamber (9) has a slot or pressure regulating hole 76, and the sealing plate 6 is airtightly
  • the connection is fixed to the sealing plane 75.
  • the fixing frame 3 and the free frame 74 are selected as metal frames because the bonding of metal and glass can achieve the sealing effect of the airtightness of the train window, and the selection of the metal frame can increase the rigidity and torsion resistance of the entire insulating glass component. In the case where the glass has been pasted with a glass film having an explosion-proof heat-insulating and anti-radiation function, if the glass is broken, the metal frame can support the glass film to prevent the broken glass from scattering and play a certain windproof effect.
  • the filter chamber 36 of the fixing frame 3 is filled with the air filtering function, and the through hole 5 of the filling is airtight outside.
  • the airbag is elastically expandable and contractible, and the outer opening of the through hole 5 is only airtightly connected to the airbag.
  • the airbag is integrally connected with the chamber 9 through the through hole 5, and there is no gas circulation to the outside. Since there is no gas circulation between the airbag and the outside, the external dust cannot enter the chamber 9, and no dust pollution is caused, which affects the transparent line of sight of the glass component.
  • the air bag may be made of rubber or other airtight material having elasticity.
  • first connecting portion 731 of the rubber strip 73 is airtightly connected to the engaging surface 34
  • second connecting portion 732 is airtightly connected to the free frame 74 by the first connecting portion 731 and the second connecting portion.
  • the portion 732 is realized by rubber vulcanization.
  • the rubber vulcanization process used in the present invention is a general process for bonding rubber and metal in the prior art, and the direct bonding method can be used to directly and uniformly mix the tackifier into the rubber compound, when the rubber compound is hot vulcanized.
  • the rubber is firmly bonded to the metal; it can also be hard-coated, coated with a layer of high-sulfur hard rubber on the metal surface, and then soft-rubbered, heated, pressurized, vulcanized, and softened.
  • the glue is bonded to the metal by a hard glue.
  • the use of rubber vulcanization method can ensure the service life and strength of the metal frame and the rubber strip in the present invention, if an adhesive method such as an isocyanate adhesive, a halogen-containing adhesive and a phenolic resin adhesive is used directly Bonding can also meet the requirements of use, but the effect is not as good as the rubber vulcanization process.
  • the elastic connecting device 7 includes a first card slot 71, a second card slot 72, and a rubber strip 73.
  • the first card slot 71 is embedded in the engaging surface 34 of the fixing frame 3, and the free frame 74 is a rectangular metal. a frame, the free frame 74 has a second slot 72 and a sealing plane 75.
  • the rubber strips 73 are continuously distributed along the circumferential direction of the sealing plate 6.
  • the rubber strip 73 has a first connecting portion 731, a second connecting portion 732, and an elastic portion 733.
  • a connecting portion 731 is airtightly connected to the first card slot 71
  • the second connecting portion 732 is airtightly connected to the second card slot 72
  • a side of the elastic portion 733 close to the communicating chamber 9 has a slot or pressure regulating hole 76.
  • the sealing plate 6 is fixedly connected to the sealing plane 75 in a gastight manner. The presence of the card slot can increase the contact area between the fixing frame 3 or the free frame 74 and the rubber strip, and increase the airtightness and the firmness of the connection.
  • the first connecting portion 731 is embedded in the first card slot 71 and airtightly fills the entire space of the first card slot 71.
  • the second connecting portion 732 is embedded in the second card slot and airtightly fills the entire space of the second card slot 72.
  • the dense filling is achieved by rubber vulcanizing the first connecting portion 731 and the second connecting portion 732.
  • the fixing frame 8 is made of aluminum frame, and the process of bending the profile and sealing the joint after welding is used to ensure the airtightness of the metal frame joint.
  • the elastic portion (733) may have a C-shaped or a ⁇ -shaped cross-sectional shape, which is favorable for elastic deformation and adapts to the air pressure of the airtight chamber (8). Variety.
  • the moisture-proof hollow glass component of the automatic balance air pressure proposed by the invention has the function of filtering dust or filter paper with the function of air filtering function, and functions to filter dust.
  • the first balance groove 71 and the second card slot 72 have a notch 711 and a bevel 712 which is connected with the notch 711 and can be easily introduced into the elastic body, which is easy to rubber. Installation of components or filling of rubber vulcanized materials.
  • the moisture-proof hollow glass component of the automatic balance air pressure proposed by the present invention has an SGP film adhered to the entire surface of the outer layer plate 1 facing the airtight chamber 8.
  • the SGP film is Sentry Glas which is produced and sold in the market by DuPont, USA. Plus (SGP) glass film is a copolymer of ethylene and methacrylate, an ionic polymer type glass film, which acts as bonding and anti-radiation to prevent glass from scattering when broken, further improving safety.
  • the SGP film is chosen because the SGP film achieves strength requirements using only one piece of glass.
  • the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer film is commonly used, sandwiching a layer of PVB film between two glasses, and forming a laminated glass by high pressure compounding and heating, which has safety, heat preservation, noise control and ultraviolet ray isolation. And other functions, but the PVB interlayer film needs to be pasted in the middle of two pieces of glass, compared to the PVB interlayer film.
  • the tear strength of the SGP film is 5 times that of the ordinary PVB film, and the hardness is 30 to 100 times that of the PVB film, which can save 1 piece of glass, and has a beneficial effect for reducing the weight of the whole member.
  • SGP and metal are bonded by ion bond, which has stronger bonding ability, and can achieve bonding with metal, and the bonding strength reaches 20.7 MPa or more.
  • the SGP film has a heat-insulating and anti-ultraviolet radiation effect, and can protect the internal material of the moisture-proof insulating hollow glass module of the automatic balance air pressure according to the present invention, for example, butyl rubber used for bonding.
  • the airtight chamber 8 is filled with dry air, dry nitrogen or a dry inert gas (rare gas) such as argon, and the water content of the gas is such that the pressure dew point is below minus 20 °C.
  • the outer surface plate 1 has an SGP film adhered to the entire surface of the airtight chamber 8, and a desiccant is placed in the airtight chamber 8.
  • the desiccant may be selected from a silica gel, a molecular sieve desiccant, etc., and the function is to absorb the free moisture in the airtight chamber.
  • the humidity in the airtight chamber 8 is lowered to avoid condensation and reduce heat transfer. Since the dew point temperature is determined by the absolute humidity, the lower the absolute humidity, the lower the dew point temperature of the air.
  • the drying of the airtight chamber has a protective effect on the low radiation film.
  • the drying gas has a low heat transfer coefficient and can be insulated and energy-saving.
  • the dry gas in the airtight chamber 8 is more energy-efficient than the moisture, and meets the design parameter requirements of the train energy saving.
  • the sealing plate is made of glass, which has a heat insulation function and further improves the heat insulation performance.
  • the present invention provides an automatic balance air pressure moisture-proof hollow glass component
  • the outer layer plate 1 is a 5 mm gray glass plate
  • the outer layer plate 1 faces the entire surface of the airtight chamber 8 with an SGP film, and is fixed.
  • the outer bonding surface 31 of the frame 3 is hermetically connected to the 0.4 mm 316L stainless steel plate 38 by butyl rubber, and the 0.4 mm lightweight steel plate is selected for the stainless steel plate 38 for weight reduction.
  • the stainless steel plate 38 is hermetically sealed with the outer layer sheet 1 through the SGP film.
  • the inner bonding surface 32 of the fixing frame 3 is hermetically connected to the inner layer plate 2 through the butyl rubber, the inner layer plate 2 is a 5 mm glass plate, and the fixing frame 3 is Aluminum frame, sealing plate 6 is required to have good sealing performance, and as thin as possible to reduce thickness and weight, so 2mm white glass chemically tempered glass plate is selected. In contrast to the prior art, this embodiment is preferred because it can use less glass sheet thickness to achieve the same acoustical index requirements.
  • a laminated glass made of two 5 mm gray glass plates bonded with a PVB film was used, and the laminated glass was used as the outer layer sheet 1, and the 5 mm gray glass plate was used as the inner layer sheet 2, and the glass sheet was used.
  • the total thickness is 15mm, and the sound insulation index is achieved by increasing the thickness of the glass used in the outer sheet.
  • a 5 mm gray glass plate coated SGP film is used as the outer layer plate 1
  • a 5 mm gray glass plate is used as the inner layer plate 2
  • a 2 mm white glass chemically tempered glass plate is added between the outer layer plate 1 and the inner layer plate 2.
  • the structure of the 3-layer glass 2-layer chamber achieves the same sound insulation effect, and the insulation effect is better due to the presence of the 2-layer chamber, but the total thickness of the glass plate is only 12 mm, which reduces the thickness of the 3 mm glass plate.
  • the weight of the window glass sheet is reduced by 20%, which has a beneficial technical effect on the energy saving of the railway train and the like during operation.
  • the fixing frame 3 is a rectangular metal frame, preferably an aluminum frame, and the cross-sectional shape thereof is
  • the fixing frame 3 includes an outer bonding surface 31, an inner bonding surface 32, a fixing surface 33 and a clamping surface 34.
  • the outer bonding surface 31 and the inner bonding surface 32 are both planar, and the fixing surface 33 is along the fixing frame 3.
  • the rectangular shape is flat in the direction of each side, and the inside of the fixed frame 3 is dry.
  • the drying chamber 35 and the filter chamber 36 are elastic strips 73.
  • the rubber strips 73 are continuously distributed along the circumferential direction of the sealing plate 6.
  • the rubber strips 73 are hollow rubber strips having a cross-section and include a first connecting portion. 731.
  • the clamping portion 734 has a groove for airtightly clamping the periphery of the sealing plate 6 in the groove, and the elastic portion 733 can be folded and deformed.
  • the clamping portion 734 has a groove for hermetically clamping the periphery of the sealing plate 6 in the groove, which is achieved by a gluing or rubber vulcanization process.
  • the side of the rubber strip 73 adjacent to the communication chamber 9 has a slot or pressure regulating hole 76 for communicating the air circulation of the chamber with the outside.
  • the metal fixing frame 3 is connected with the rubber strip 73 as an elastic connecting device because the metal fixing frame can increase the strength and torsion resistance of the member, and on the basis of ensuring the strength and the anti-twist performance,
  • the use of a metal elastic connecting device can better protect the heat by using a rubber strip, because rubber is a poor conductor of heat and a poor conductor of vibration (such as noise vibration), which can effectively reduce heat or vibration from the outer layer.
  • the sheet 1 is guided to the inner sheet 2 by the contact of the elastic connecting means 7.
  • the sound insulation performance of railway passenger train windows is an important indicator, in addition to the requirements for thermal insulation and energy conservation.
  • the automatic balance air pressure moisture-proof hollow glass assembly of the present invention further comprises a connection frame 10 connectable to the railway train window frame.
  • the connecting frame 10 and the outer layer plate 1, the inner layer plate 2 and the fixing frame 3 are connected by a sealant, and the connecting frame 10 has a vent 101 connected to the through hole 5, and the connecting frame 10 has a screw hole, which is fixed by a screw and a railway train window frame. .
  • the moisture-proof hollow glass component of the automatic balance air pressure proposed by the invention can adapt to the problem of internal and external air pressure difference faced by the insulating glass caused by the altitude change during the running of the railway train, automatically adapting to the pressure change, the glass deformation is completely eliminated, and the glass flatness is achieved. Best, the appearance of the car body is good, and the weight of the glass is reduced as much as possible, energy saving and consumption reduction, the service life can reach 20 to 30 years, and the EMU and locomotive which can meet the requirements of heat insulation, sound insulation, strength and weight can be satisfied.
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a rubber strip according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a partial enlarged view of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a first card slot and a second card slot according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a partial enlarged view of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a rubber strip according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of a connection frame of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a moisture-proof insulating hollow glass assembly of an automatic balance air pressure according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 only shows the outline and position of the elastic connecting device, and the specific shape thereof is embodied in FIG.
  • the present invention provides an automatic balance air pressure moisture-proof hollow glass component
  • the outer layer plate 1 is a 5 mm gray glass plate
  • the inner layer plate 2 is a 5 mm gray glass plate
  • the outer layer plate 1 and the inner layer plate are
  • the pitch of 2 is 30 mm
  • the outer sheet 1 and the inner sheet 2 are fixedly connected by the fixing frame 3 and form the hollow chamber 4.
  • the fixing frame 3 is a rectangular aluminum frame having a cross-sectional shape of a dome shape, and is internally divided into a drying chamber 35 and a filtering chamber 36.
  • the fixing frame 3 includes an outer bonding surface 31, an inner bonding surface 32, a fixing surface 33 and a snap surface. 34.
  • the outer bonding surface 31 and the inner bonding surface 32 are all flat, and the fixing surface 33 is flat along the direction of each side of the rectangular outer shape of the fixing frame 3.
  • the outer bonding surface 31 of the fixing frame 3 is hermetically connected to the 0.4 mm 316L stainless steel plate 38 through a butyl rubber, and the stainless steel plate 38 and the outer layer plate 1 are gas-incorporated using the SGP film 39 according to the process guide used for the SGP film provided by DuPont, USA. Closely connected, and a surface of the outer layer sheet 1 near the hollow chamber 4 is covered with a SGP film, the thickness of the SGP film 39 is 0.89 mm, and the inner bonding surface 32 of the fixing frame 3 passes through the butyl rubber and the inner layer sheet 2 Close connection.
  • the fixing frame 3 is provided with one or a plurality of through holes 5, a desiccant (not shown) is disposed in the drying chamber 35, and a drying hole 37 is opened to communicate with the airtight chamber 8, and the filter chamber 36 is filled with filter cotton (Fig. Not shown in the middle) and communicating with the airbag through the through hole 5, the filter cotton fills the entire space of the filter chamber 36.
  • a desiccant (not shown) is disposed in the drying chamber 35, and a drying hole 37 is opened to communicate with the airtight chamber 8
  • the filter chamber 36 is filled with filter cotton (Fig. Not shown in the middle) and communicating with the airbag through the through hole 5, the filter cotton fills the entire space of the filter chamber 36.
  • the through holes 5 are drawn on both sides of the filter chamber 36, and the through holes 5 on both sides are bored in the cavity wall of the filter chamber 36 by an electric drill or a hole opener, and the size of the hole is 10 mm in diameter.
  • the continuity of the chamber wall other than the through hole 5 of the filter chamber 36 is not affected.
  • the through hole 5 is airtightly connected with an air bag which is elastically expandable and contractible, and the outer opening of the through hole 5 is only airtightly connected with the air bag, and the air bag is integrated with the cavity 9 through the through hole 5.
  • the air bag may be made of rubber or other airtight material having elasticity.
  • the hollow chamber 4 has a sealing plate 6 therein.
  • the sealing plate 6 is a square 2mm white glass chemically tempered glass plate, and a rubber strip 73 and a free frame 74.
  • the free frame 74 is a rectangular aluminum frame and has a sealing plane 75.
  • the rubber strip 73 is sealed along the seal.
  • the circumferential direction of the plate 6 is continuously distributed.
  • the rubber strip 73 has a first connecting portion 731, a second connecting portion 732, and an elastic portion 733.
  • the first connecting portion 731 The connection portion 34 is airtightly connected, the second connection portion 732 is airtightly connected to the free frame 74, and the side of the elastic portion 733 close to the communication chamber 9 has a slot 76 such that the cross-sectional shape of the 733 is C-shaped, and the sealing plate 6 is hermetically fixedly attached to the sealing plane 75.
  • the airtight chamber 8 is filled with argon gas.
  • the elastic connecting device 7 includes a first card slot 71, a second card slot 72, and a rubber strip 73.
  • the first card slot 71 is embedded in the engaging surface 34 of the fixing frame 3, and the free frame 74
  • the first card slot 71 and the second slot 72 have a notch 711 and a bevel 712 connected to the notch 711 for easy introduction of an elastic object.
  • the rubber strips 73 are continuously distributed along the circumferential direction of the sealing plate 6.
  • the rubber strips 73 have a first connecting portion 731, a second connecting portion 732, and an elastic portion 733.
  • the first connecting portion 731 and the second connecting portion 732 have a rectangular cross section.
  • the first connecting portion 731 is airtightly connected to the first card slot 71 by using a rubber vulcanization process
  • the second connecting portion 732 is airtightly connected to the second card slot 72.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the elastic portion 733 is C-shaped, and the sealing plate 6 It is fixedly attached to the sealing plane 75 in a gastight manner.
  • the sealing plate 6 is hermetically connected to the outer layer plate 1 and the fixing frame 3 by the elastic connecting device 7 to form a hermetic chamber 8 whose volume can be changed.
  • the sealing plate 6 is a 2 mm white glass chemically tempered glass plate.
  • the communication chamber 9 other than the airtight chamber 8 in the hollow chamber 4 communicates with the air bag through the through hole 5.
  • the SGP film 39 is adhered to the entire surface of the outer layer sheet 1 facing the airtight chamber 8, and the airtight chamber 8 is filled with nitrogen gas.
  • the fixing frame 3 has a cross-sectional shape, and the fixing frame 3 includes an outer bonding surface 31, an inner bonding surface 32, a fixing surface 33 and a snap surface 34, and an outer bonding surface 31 and an inner surface.
  • the bonding surfaces 32 are all flat, and the fixing surface 33 is flat along the direction of each side of the rectangular shape of the fixing frame 3.
  • the fixing frame 3 has a drying chamber 35 and a filtering chamber 36 therein, and the elastic connecting device 7 is a rubber strip 73.
  • the rubber strips 73 are continuously distributed along the circumferential direction of the sealing plate 6, and the rubber strips 73 are hollow rubber strips having a cross-sectional shape, including a first connecting portion 731, a second connecting portion 732, an elastic portion 733, and a clamping portion 734.
  • the clamping portion 734 has a groove for airtightly clamping the periphery of the sealing plate 6 in the groove, and the elastic portion 733 can be folded and deformed;
  • the drying chamber 35 has a desiccant and a drying hole 37, and the drying chamber 35 passes through the drying hole.
  • the clamping portion 734 has a groove for hermetically clamping the periphery of the sealing plate 6 in the groove, which is achieved by a gluing process.
  • connection frame 10 capable of connecting with a railway train window frame, a connection frame 10 and an outer layer plate is further included.
  • the inner layer plate 2 and the fixing frame 3 are connected by a sealant.
  • the connecting frame 10 has a gas hole 101 communicating with the through hole 5, and the connecting frame 10 has a screw hole 102 fixed by a screw 103 to the railway train window frame.

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Abstract

一种自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，包括外层板材（1），内层板材（2），外层板材（1）和内层板材（2）通过固定框（3）固定连接并形成中空腔室（4），固定框（3）与外层板材（1）的连接方式为气密连接，固定框（3）开有一个或多个通孔（5），中空腔室（4）内有密封板（6）以及一个或多个能够发生形变的弹性连接装置（7），密封板（6）通过弹性连接装置（7）与外层板材（1）或固定框（3）气密连接形成容积能够发生变化的气密腔室（8），中空腔室（4）内除气密腔室（8）以外的连通腔室（9）通过通孔（5）气密连接有一个具有弹性能够膨胀和收缩的气囊，气囊与连通腔室（9）由通孔（5）连为一体，对外界气密没有气体流通，因而外界灰尘无法进入连通腔室（9）。该自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，能够减少外界空气的湿气和灰尘进入中空玻璃窗内造成视线影响。

Description

一种自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件 技术领域
本发明涉及一种自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，可用于对隔热、隔音、强度和减轻重量有要求的动车组、机车车辆、飞机尤其是运行于线路气压有变化的车辆门窗。
背景技术
对于在不同海拔高度之间运行的机车或者动车组车窗，由于其对隔热、隔音、重量和透视有特殊的要求而基本都使用复合中空玻璃。中空玻璃属刚性密封体，在运行线路海拔高度变化时外界气压也会随之变化。气压变化会导致中空玻璃内部和外界存在压差，使玻璃发生变形，或者边部密封材料开裂而缩短寿命，甚至玻璃破碎。比如，现有机车运行最高海拔为5072米的青藏铁路，在这个海拔的外界气压仅仅为0.5个大气压，形成内外空气压强差，如果压差过大，超过玻璃能够承受的范围，就会导致玻璃出现胀裂的情形，对旅客的安全造成危害。
为了保证车窗结构强度，要求使用金属框，如铝合金框，与玻璃实现刚性连接，确保车窗结构符合强度以及扭转强度等要求。在此基础上，为了防止玻璃胀裂，目前采取的方式是增加玻璃厚度，虽然能够提高承受压差的范围，但带来的不良影响是玻璃厚度增加导致现有复合中空玻璃经过组合后的重量较大。一列8编组的动车组侧窗大概需要中空玻璃200平方米，如果每平方米减少10公斤，每列车就可减少2吨。重量的减轻，对于列车运行时的节能降耗效果显著。因此，考虑节能环保，必须设法在强度和安全不降低的情况下减轻复合中空玻璃的重量，并且还要求达到足够的使用年限例如10年以上。
中国实用新型专利：一种自动调节气压的中空玻璃组件(201620756220.1)，公开了一种中空玻璃组件，在中空玻璃空腔内，增加一个密闭板，将空腔分为气密腔室和对外连同腔室两部分，气密腔室的容积能够随气压变化而变化，以保证气密腔室内部气压与外界气压相同。但在气密腔室的容积变化过程中，连同腔室内部空气与外界实现交换，必然导致外界空气的湿气和灰尘进入连同腔室内，造成污染影响视线。
发明内容
为了能够适应铁路列车等在运行过程中海拔变化导致的中空玻璃面临的内外气压差的变化，并且尽可能的减小玻璃的重量，节能降耗，并且达到足够的使用年限，减少外界空气的湿气和灰尘进入中空玻璃窗内，造成污染影响视线的问题，本发明提出了一种自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，能够适用于对隔热、隔音、强度和重量有要求的动车组、机车车辆、飞机等且运行于线路气压有变化的车辆门窗，减少外界空气的湿气和灰尘进入中空玻璃窗内造成视线影响。
本发明提出的一种自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，包括外层板材1，内层板材2，外 层板材1和内层板材2通过固定框3固定连接并形成中空腔室4，固定框3与外层板材1的连接方式为气密连接，中空腔室4内有密封板6以及一个或多个能够发生形变的弹性连接装置7，密封板6通过弹性连接装置7与外层板材1以及固定框3气密连接形成容积能够发生变化的气密腔室8，中空腔室4内除气密腔室8以外为连通腔室9，固定框3开有一个或多个通孔5，连通腔室9通过通孔5与气囊连通。具体地，所述外层板材1、内层板材2和密封板6均为玻璃板。气密腔室8与外界空气不连通，因而引起其内部气压主要变化因素为温度，连通腔室9通过通孔5与气囊连通，因为其内部气压随外界气压变化并保持与外界气压相同。海拔高度的变化，引起外界气压变化，同时导致连通腔室9的气压变化，从而引起气密腔室8和连通腔室9的气压差异，由于弹性连接装置7的作用，使得气密腔室8的容积能够发生变化，容积变化能够减小气密腔室8和连通腔室9之间的气压差异使得两者气压趋于一致。通孔5的数量不需要太多，只要有1～2个，能够实现过滤腔36与气囊连通即可。
上述自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，固定框3为长方形金属框，包括外粘接面31、内粘接面32、固定面33和卡接面34，固定框3内部有干燥腔35和过滤腔36，干燥腔35内有干燥剂并开有干燥孔37，干燥腔35通过干燥孔37仅与气密腔室7的内部连通，过滤腔36内填充具有空气过滤功能的填充物并通过通孔5与气囊连通，所述具有空气过滤功能的填充物将过滤腔36的全部空间填充或至少将通孔5附近局部空间填充；弹性连接装置7包括橡胶条73、自由框74，自由框74为长方形金属框并有密封平面75，橡胶条73沿密封板6的周向连续分布，橡胶条73有第一连接部731、第二连接部732以及弹性部733，第一连接部731气密地与卡接面34连接，第二连接部732气密地与自由框74连接，弹性部733靠近连通腔室(9)的一侧有开槽或调压孔76，密封板6气密地固定连接在密封平面75上。固定框3和自由框74选为金属框，是因为金属与玻璃的粘接能达到列车车窗气密要求的密封效果，并且，选用金属框能够增加整个中空玻璃组件的刚度、抗扭转的性能，在玻璃已经粘贴具有防爆隔热抗辐射功能的玻璃膜的情况下，如果玻璃破碎，金属框能够撑起玻璃膜，避免破碎的玻璃散落并起到一定的防风作用。
为了实现减少外界空气的湿气和灰尘进入中空玻璃窗内造成视线影响的技术效果，本发明在固定框3的过滤腔36的填充过滤空气功能的填充物，填充物的通孔5外部气密连接有一个具有弹性能够膨胀和收缩的气囊，通孔5外侧开口仅与气囊气密连接，气囊与连同腔室9由通孔5连为一体，对外界气密没有气体流通。由于气囊与外界没有气体流通，因而外界灰尘无法进入连同腔室9，也就不会造成灰尘污染，影响玻璃组件的透明视线。所述气囊可以是橡胶材质，或其他具有弹性的气密材料。
进一步地，所述橡胶条73的第一连接部731气密地与卡接面34连接、第二连接部732气密地与自由框74连接，是通过对第一连接部731和第二连接部732进行橡胶硫化实现的。 本发明使用的橡胶硫化工艺，是现有技术中将橡胶与金属粘接的通用工艺，可以使用直接粘合法，将增粘剂直接均匀混入橡胶胶料中，当胶料在热硫化成型时橡胶就和金属产生牢固粘合；也可以使用硬质胶法，在金属表面贴或涂一层高硫含量的硬质胶，再贴软质胶料，经加热、加压、硫化，使软质胶通过硬质胶与金属粘接。使用橡胶硫化的方法，能够保证本发明中的金属框与橡胶条粘接的使用寿命和强度，如果使用胶黏剂法，例如异氰酸酯类胶黏剂、含卤胶黏剂和酚醛树脂类胶粘剂直接粘合，也可以达到使用要求，但效果不如橡胶硫化工艺的效果好。
作为一种改进，弹性连接装置7包括第一卡槽71、第二卡槽72、橡胶条73，第一卡槽71内嵌在固定框3的卡接面34内，自由框74为长方形金属框，自由框74有第二卡槽72和密封平面75，橡胶条73沿密封板6的周向连续分布，橡胶条73有第一连接部731、第二连接部732以及弹性部733，第一连接部731气密地与第一卡槽71连接，第二连接部732气密地与第二卡槽72连接，弹性部733靠近连通腔室9的一侧有开槽或调压孔76，密封板6气密地固定连接在密封平面75上。卡槽的存在，能够增加固定框3或自由框74与橡胶条的接触面积，增加连接的气密性和牢固性。
第一连接部731嵌入第一卡槽71并气密地填充第一卡槽71全部空间，第二连接部732嵌入第二卡槽并气密地填充第二卡槽72全部空间，所述气密地填充是通过对第一连接部731和第二连接部732进行橡胶硫化实现的。固定框8选用铝框，采用型材折弯、接头焊接后用胶密封的工艺，保证金属框接头的气密性。
作为一种改进，本发明所述的自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，弹性部(733)的截面形状可以是C形或Σ形，有利于弹性变形，适应气密腔室(8)的气压变化。
作为一种改进，本发明提出的自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，具有空气过滤功能的填充物选用过滤棉或过滤纸，起到过滤灰尘的作用。
作为一种改进，本发明提出的自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，第一卡槽71和第二卡槽72均有一个缺口711以及与缺口711相连的易于导入弹性物体的斜面712，易于橡胶部件的安装或橡胶硫化材料的填入。
进一步的，本发明提出的自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，外层板材1面向气密腔室8的全部表面粘有SGP膜，SGP膜是美国杜邦公司生产并在市场上广泛销售的Sentry Glas Plus(SGP)玻璃膜，是乙烯与甲基丙烯酸酯的共聚物，一种离子聚合物型的玻璃膜，作用是粘接和防辐射，防止破碎时玻璃散落，进一步提高安全性。选用SGP膜，是因为SGP膜在仅使用1片玻璃即可达到强度要求。目前普遍使用的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)中间膜，在两块玻璃之间夹进一层PVB薄膜，经高压复合、加温而成夹层玻璃，具有安全、保温、控制噪音和隔离紫外线等功能，但PVB中间膜需要粘贴在2片玻璃中间使用，相对于PVB中间膜， SGP膜的撕裂强度是普通PVB膜的5倍，硬度是PVB膜的30～l00倍，可以节省1片玻璃，对于减轻整体构件的重量具有有益的效果。并且与PVB相比，SGP与金属之间以离子键方式结合，具有更强的黏结能力，可以实现与金属的黏结，黏结强度达到20.7MPa以上。SGP膜具有隔热抗紫外线辐射效果，能够起到对本发明所述的自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件内部材料例如粘接使用的丁基胶等的保护作用。
气密腔室8内填充干燥空气、干燥氮气或干燥的惰性气体(稀有气体)如氩气，其气体的含水量为压力露点在零下20℃以上。外层板材1面向气密腔室8的全部表面粘有SGP膜，气密腔室8内放干燥剂，干燥剂可以选择硅胶、分子筛干燥剂等物质，作用是吸收气密腔室内游离水分，使气密腔室8内的湿度降低，避免结露，减少热传递。因露点温度由绝对湿度决定，绝对湿度越低空气的露点温度就越低。同时，气密腔室的干燥，对低辐射膜有保护作用。另外，相对于潮湿气体，干燥气体的传热系数低，能够隔热节能，气密腔室8腔内干燥气体比湿气更节能，达到火车节能的设计指标参数要求。密封板为玻璃材质，起到了隔热功能，隔热性能进一步提高。
作为一种具体的实施方式，本发明提出的自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，外层板材1为5mm灰玻璃板，外层板材1面向气密腔室8的全部表面粘有SGP膜，固定框3的外粘接面31通过丁基胶与0.4mm316L不锈钢板38气密连接，不锈钢板38选0.4mm轻质钢板，目的是减重，不锈钢板38通过SGP膜与外层板材1气密连接，SGP膜的使用按照美国杜邦公司提供的工艺指南，固定框3的内粘接面32通过丁基胶与内层板材2气密连接，内层板材2为5mm玻璃板，固定框3为铝框，密封板6要求具有良好的密封性能，并且尽量薄，减轻厚度和重量，因此选择2mm白玻化学钢化玻璃板。相对于现有技术，本实施方式作为一种优选，能够使用更少的玻璃板材厚度，达到相同的隔音指标要求。作为对比的现有技术，使用的是2块5mm灰玻璃板用PVB膜粘接制作的夹层玻璃，以此夹层玻璃作为外层板材1，使用5mm灰玻璃板作为内层板材2，使用玻璃板材总厚度为15mm，通过增加外层板材使用的玻璃厚度，实现隔音指标。而本优选的实施方式，采用5mm灰玻璃板覆SGP膜作为外层板材1，5mm灰玻璃板作为内层板材2，增加2mm白玻化学钢化玻璃板在外层板材1和内层板材2之间，3层玻璃2层腔室的结构，达到同样的隔音效果，并且由于2层腔室的存在，隔热效果更优，但使用玻璃板材总厚度仅为12mm，减小了3mm玻璃板材的厚度，使车窗玻璃板材重量减轻了20％，对铁路列车等交通工具的运行时的节能具有有益的技术效果。
本发明所述的所述自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，其固定框和弹性连接装置还可以采用以下形式实现，即：固定框3为长方形金属框，优选为铝框，其横截面形状为匚形，固定框3包括外粘接面31、内粘接面32、固定面33和卡接面34，外粘接面31、内粘接面32均为平面，固定面33沿固定框3的长方形外形每个边的方向上均为平面，固定框3内部有干 燥腔35和过滤腔36，所述弹性连接装置7为橡胶条73，橡胶条73沿密封板6的周向连续分布，橡胶条73为截面为Σ形的中空橡胶条，包括第一连接部731、第二连接部732、弹性部733以及夹持部734，所述夹持部734有凹槽将密封板6的周边气密地夹持在凹槽内，所述弹性部733能够折叠变形。夹持部734有凹槽将密封板6的周边气密地夹持在凹槽内，是通过胶粘或橡胶硫化工艺实现的。优选地，橡胶条73靠近连通腔室9的一侧有开槽或调压孔76，用于连通腔室与外界的空气流通。
本发明采用金属的固定框3与作为弹性连接装置的橡胶条73相连接，是因为金属固定框能够起到增加构件强度和抗扭转等性能，在保证强度和抗扭转等性能基础上，相对于使用金属制的弹性连接装置，使用橡胶条能够更好地起到隔热作用，因橡胶是热的不良导体，也是振动(例如噪音振动)的不良导体，能够有效减小热量或振动从外层板材1通过弹性连接装置7的接触面向内层板材2的传导。铁路客运列车车窗的隔音性能是一项重要指标，此外还有隔热节能指标要求。
为了实现本发明所述的自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件与铁路列车窗框的固定，本发明提出的自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，还包括能够与铁路列车窗框连接的连接框10，连接框10与外层板材1、内层板材2和固定框3使用密封胶连接，连接框10有气孔101与通孔5连通，连接框10上有螺孔，通过螺丝与铁路列车窗框固定。
本发明提出的自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，能够适应铁路列车运行过程中海拔变化导致的中空玻璃面临的内外气压差的问题，自动适应压强变化，会使玻璃变形完全消除，玻璃平整度达到最佳，车体外观效果好，并且尽可能的减小玻璃的重量，节能降耗，使用寿命可达20～30年，能够满足对隔热、隔音、强度和重量有要求的动车组、机车车辆、飞机等且运行于线路气压有变化的车辆门窗的设计使用要求。
附图说明
图1为本发明的平面示意图；
图2为本发明的第一种实施方式的沿A-A方向的剖面图；
图3为本发明的第一种实施方式的局部放大图；
图4为本发明的第一种实施方式的橡胶条的剖面图；
图5为本发明的第二种实施方式的局部放大图；
图6为本发明的第二种实施方式的第一卡槽和第二卡槽示意图；
图7为本发明的第三种实施方式的局部放大图；
图8为本发明的第三种实施方式的橡胶条剖面图；
图9为本发明的第四种实施方式的连接框示意图。
图中：1.外层板材；2.内层板材；3.固定框；4.中空腔室；5.通孔；6.密封板；7.弹性连 接装置；8.气密腔室；9.连通腔室；10.连接框；31.外粘接面；32内粘接面；33.固定面；34.卡接面；35.干燥腔；36.过滤腔；37.干燥孔；38.不锈钢板；39.SGP膜；71.第一卡槽；72.第二卡槽；73.橡胶条；74.自由框；75.密封平面；76.开槽或调压孔；711.缺口；712.斜面；731.第一连接部；732.第二连接部；733.弹性部；101.气孔；102.螺孔；103.螺丝。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明的具体实施方式进行说明。
实施例1：
图1为本发明的自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件平面示意图，为简便起见，图1仅对弹性连接装置的轮廓和位置进行了示意，其具体形状在图2中体现。
结合图2和图3，本发明提供的一种自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，外层板材1为5mm灰玻璃板，内层板材2为5mm灰玻璃板，外层板材1与内层板材2的间距为30mm，外层板材1和内层板材2通过固定框3固定连接并形成中空腔室4。固定框3为长方形铝框，其横截面形状为Γ形，内部分为干燥腔35和过滤腔36，固定框3包括外粘接面31、内粘接面32、固定面33和卡接面34，外粘接面31、内粘接面32均为平面，固定面33沿固定框3的长方形外形每个边的方向上均为平面。
固定框3的外粘接面31通过丁基胶与0.4mm316L不锈钢板38气密连接，按照美国杜邦公司提供的SGP膜使用的工艺指南，使用SGP膜39将不锈钢板38与外层板材1气密连接，并且在外层板材1的靠近中空腔室4的表面覆一层SGP膜，SGP膜39的厚度为0.89mm，固定框3的内粘接面32通过丁基胶与内层板材2气密连接。
固定框3开有一个或多个通孔5，干燥腔35内有干燥剂(图中未示出)并开有干燥孔37与气密腔室8连通，过滤腔36内填充过滤棉(图中未示出)并通过通孔5与气囊连通，过滤棉将过滤腔36的全部空间填充。干燥腔35和过滤腔36之间互相之间无气体流通，通孔5仅与过滤腔36连通，通孔5与干燥腔35不连通。图2中，为了示意，过滤腔36的两侧都画出了通孔5，两侧通孔5通过电钻或开孔器在过滤腔36的腔壁上开孔，孔的尺寸为直径10mm，不影响过滤腔36的除通孔5以外的腔壁的连续性。、在过滤腔36的内部，通孔5气密连接有一个具有弹性能够膨胀和收缩的气囊，通孔5外侧开口仅与气囊气密连接，气囊与连同腔室9由通孔5连为一体，对外界气密没有气体流通。由于气囊与外界没有气体流通，因而外界灰尘无法进入连同腔室9，也就不会造成灰尘污染，影响玻璃组件的透明视线。所述气囊可以是橡胶材质，或其他具有弹性的气密材料。
中空腔室4内有密封板6，密封板6为方形2mm白玻化学钢化玻璃板，以及橡胶条73、自由框74，自由框74为长方形铝框并有密封平面75，橡胶条73沿密封板6的周向连续分布，如图4所示，橡胶条73有第一连接部731、第二连接部732以及弹性部733，第一连接部731 气密地与卡接面34连接，第二连接部732气密地与自由框74连接，弹性部733靠近连通腔室9的一侧有开槽76使得733的截面形状为C形，密封板6气密地固定连接在密封平面75上。气密腔室8内填充氩气。
实施例2：
结合图5和图6说明本发明的另一种实施方式。在实施例1的基础上，弹性连接装置7包括第一卡槽71、第二卡槽72、橡胶条73，第一卡槽71内嵌在固定框3的卡接面34内，自由框74有第二卡槽72和密封平面75，第一卡槽71和第二卡槽72均有一个缺口711以及与缺口711相连的易于导入弹性物体的斜面712。橡胶条73沿密封板6的周向连续分布，橡胶条73有第一连接部731、第二连接部732以及弹性部733，第一连接部731和第二连接部732的截面均为长方形，使用橡胶硫化工艺实现第一连接部731气密地与第一卡槽71连接，第二连接部732气密地与第二卡槽72连接，弹性部733的截面形状为C形，密封板6气密地固定连接在密封平面75上。密封板6通过弹性连接装置7与外层板材1以及固定框3气密连接形成容积能够发生变化的气密腔室8，密封板6为2mm白玻化学钢化玻璃板。中空腔室4内除气密腔室8以外的连通腔室9通过通孔5与气囊连通。外层板材1面向气密腔室8的全部表面粘有SGP膜39，气密腔室8内填充氮气。
实施例3：
结合图7和图8说明本发明的第三种实施方式。在实施例1的基础上，固定框3横截面形状为匚形，固定框3包括外粘接面31、内粘接面32、固定面33和卡接面34，外粘接面31、内粘接面32均为平面，固定面33沿固定框3的长方形外形每个边的方向上均为平面，固定框3内部有干燥腔35和过滤腔36，弹性连接装置7为橡胶条73，橡胶条73沿密封板6的周向连续分布，橡胶条73为截面为Σ形的中空橡胶条，包括第一连接部731、第二连接部732、弹性部733以及夹持部734，所述夹持部734有凹槽将密封板6的周边气密地夹持在凹槽内，弹性部733能够折叠变形；干燥腔35内有干燥剂并开有干燥孔37，干燥腔35通过干燥孔37仅与气密腔室7的内部连通，过滤腔36内填充活性炭并通过通孔5与气囊连通，活性炭将过滤腔36的全部空间填充。夹持部734有凹槽将密封板6的周边气密地夹持在凹槽内，是通过胶粘工艺实现的。
实施例4：
结合图9说明本发明的第四种实施方式，在实施例1、实施例2、实施例3的基础上，还包括能够与铁路列车窗框连接的连接框10，连接框10与外层板材1、内层板材2和固定框3使用密封胶连接，连接框10有气孔101与通孔5连通，连接框10上有螺孔102，通过螺丝103与铁路列车窗框固定。
上面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行了详细说明。但本发明不仅限于上面描述的 内容，在本领域技术人员所具备的知识范围内，不脱离本发明构思的各种变化，仍落在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，包括外层板材(1)，内层板材(2)，外层板材(1)和内层板材(2)通过固定框(3)固定连接并形成中空腔室(4)，固定框(3)与外层板材(1)的连接方式为气密连接，中空腔室(4)内有密封板(6)以及一个或多个能够发生形变的弹性连接装置(7)，外层板材(1)、内层板材(2)和密封板(6)均为玻璃板，其特征是，密封板(6)通过弹性连接装置(7)与外层板材(1)以及固定框(3)气密连接形成容积能够发生变化的气密腔室(8)，中空腔室(4)内除气密腔室(8)以外为连通腔室(9)，固定框(3)开有一个或多个通孔(5)，连通腔室(9)通过通孔(5)与一个具有弹性能够膨胀和收缩的气囊气密连接，通孔(5)外侧开口仅与气囊气密连接，气囊与连同腔室(9)由通孔(5)连为一体，对外界气密没有气体流通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，其特征是，所述固定框(3)包括外粘接面(31)、内粘接面(32)、固定面(33)和卡接面(34)，固定框(3)内部有干燥腔(35)和过滤腔(36)，干燥腔(35)内有干燥剂并开有干燥孔(37)，干燥腔(35)通过干燥孔(37)仅与气密腔室(7)的内部连通，过滤腔(36)内填充具有空气过滤功能的填充物并通过通孔(5)与气囊连通，所述具有空气过滤功能的填充物将过滤腔(36)的全部空间填充或至少将通孔(5)附近局部空间填充；
    所述弹性连接装置(7)包括橡胶条(73)、自由框(74)，自由框(74)为长方形金属框并有密封平面(75)，橡胶条(73)沿密封板(6)的周向连续分布，橡胶条(73)有第一连接部(731)、第二连接部(732)以及弹性部(733)，第一连接部(731)气密地与卡接面(34)连接，第二连接部(732)气密地与自由框(74)连接，弹性部(733)靠近连通腔室(9)的一侧有开槽或调压孔(76)，密封板(6)气密地固定连接在密封平面(75)上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，其特征是，所述弹性连接装置(7)还包括第一卡槽(71)、第二卡槽(72)、橡胶条(73)，第一卡槽(71)内嵌在固定框(3)的卡接面(34)内，自由框(74)为长方形金属框，自由框(74)有第二卡槽(72)和密封平面(75)，橡胶条(73)沿密封板(6)的周向连续分布，橡胶条(73)有第一连接部(731)、第二连接部(732)以及弹性部(733)，第一连接部(731)气密地与第一卡槽(71)连接，第二连接部(732)气密地与第二卡槽(72)连接，弹性部(733)靠近连通腔室(9)的一侧有开槽或调压孔(76)，密封板(6)气密地固定连接在密封平面(75)上，弹性部(733)的截面形状为C形或Σ形。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，其特征是，所述第一连接部(731)嵌入第一卡槽(71)并气密地填充第一卡槽(71)内部空间，第二连接部(732)嵌入第二卡槽并气密地填充第二卡槽(72)内部空间。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，其特征是，所述具有空气过滤功能的填充物为过滤棉、过滤纸、活性炭中的一种或多种。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，其特征是，所述第一卡槽(71)和第二卡槽(72)均有一个缺口(711)以及与缺口(711)相连的易于导入弹性物体的斜面(712)。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，其特征是，所述外层板材(1)面向气密腔室(8)的全部表面粘有SGP膜(39)，气密腔室(8)内填充干燥空气、干燥氮气或干燥氩气，其气体的含水量为压力露点在零下20℃以上。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，其特征是，所述固定框(3)为长方形金属框，包括外粘接面(31)、内粘接面(32)、固定面(33)和卡接面(34)，固定框(3)内部有干燥腔(35)和过滤腔(36)，所述弹性连接装置(7)为截面为Σ形的中空橡胶条(73)，橡胶条(73)沿密封板(6)的周向连续分布，包括第一连接部(731)、第二连接部(732)、弹性部(733)以及夹持部(734)，所述夹持部(734)有凹槽将密封板(6)的周边气密地夹持在凹槽内，所述弹性部(733)能够折叠变形；所述干燥腔(35)内有干燥剂并开有干燥孔(37)，干燥腔(35)通过干燥孔(37)仅与气密腔室(7)的内部连通，过滤腔(36)内填充具有空气过滤功能的填充物并通过通孔(5)与气囊连通，具有空气过滤功能的填充物将过滤腔(36)的全部空间填充或至少将通孔(5)附近局部空间填充。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，其特征是，所述橡胶条(73)靠近连通腔室(9)的一侧有开槽或调压孔(76)。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2所述的自动平衡气压的防潮中空玻璃组件，其特征是，还包括能够与铁路列车窗框连接的连接框(10)，连接框(10)与外层板材(1)、内层板材(2)和固定框(3)使用密封胶连接，连接框(10)有气孔(101)与通孔(5)连通，连接框(10)上有螺孔(102)，通过螺丝(103)与铁路列车窗框固定。
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