WO2018105003A1 - 高強度鋼板 - Google Patents
高強度鋼板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018105003A1 WO2018105003A1 PCT/JP2016/086060 JP2016086060W WO2018105003A1 WO 2018105003 A1 WO2018105003 A1 WO 2018105003A1 JP 2016086060 W JP2016086060 W JP 2016086060W WO 2018105003 A1 WO2018105003 A1 WO 2018105003A1
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength steel plate, and particularly to a high-strength steel plate excellent in formability.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose that bainite or tempered martensite be the main structure in order to enhance the hole expansibility and local elongation of the TRIP steel sheet.
- Non-Patent Document 1 proposes a steel added with an amount of Mn exceeding 3.0%.
- Patent Document 5 discloses that a tempering process is utilized to improve hole expansibility. Since martensite is harder than other structures, there is a large difference in hardness from the surrounding structure, and local elongation and hole expandability deteriorate. By tempering martensite at a low temperature of 500 ° C. or lower, the hole expandability is improved.
- Residual austenite can be obtained by concentrating C and Mn in austenite and stabilizing the austenite even at room temperature.
- C is concentrated in austenite during the bainite transformation, and austenite can be further stabilized.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 are based on the above idea. If the amount of C to be added is large, the retained austenite can be increased, and as a result, a steel plate having a good balance between strength and uniform elongation can be obtained. However, since it is a steel sheet containing a hard structure with soft ferrite as the main phase, the hardness difference becomes large, voids are easily generated, and local elongation cannot be increased.
- Patent Document 4 when the method disclosed in Patent Document 4 is used, it becomes difficult to secure a predetermined amount of retained austenite in the obtained steel sheet, and thus the uniform elongation becomes insufficient.
- Non-Patent Document 1 is a composite structure of soft tempered martensite and a hard structure, it is difficult to improve the hole expandability like the steel sheets of Patent Documents 1 and 2. is there. In addition, since it consists of soft tempered martensite and austenite, a low yield stress is a problem.
- the size of the retained austenite in the high-temperature tempered martensite cannot be sufficiently reduced, so that high uniform elongation and local elongation, high yield stress and high strength, which are targets in the present invention, are achieved. I can't.
- PCT / JP2016 / 0667448 for an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having excellent uniform and local deformability.
- PCT / JP2016 / 067448 enables both the product of tensile strength and local elongation and the product of yield stress and uniform elongation, since the C content is relatively high, spot weldability May deteriorate, and it is necessary to devise a current pattern for spot welding.
- the present invention is a high strength steel sheet containing Mn: 3.50% by mass or more and C: 0.24% by mass or less including residual austenite (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “residual ⁇ ”). It aims at providing the high strength steel plate which has elongation.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the gist of the present invention is the following high-strength steel sheet.
- the chemical composition is mass%, C: 0.10 to 0.24%, Mn: 3.50 to 12.00%, Si: 0.005 to 5.00%, Al: 0.005 to 5.00%, P: 0.15% or less, S: 0.030% or less, N: 0.020% or less, O: 0.010% or less, Cr: 0 to 5.00%, Mo: 0 to 5.00%, Ni: 0 to 5.00%, Cu: 0 to 5.00%, Nb: 0 to 0.50%, Ti: 0 to 0.50%, W: 0 to 0.50%, B: 0 to 0.010%, Ca: 0 to 0.05%, Mg: 0 to 0.05%, Zr: 0 to 0.05%, REM: 0 to 0.05%, Sb: 0 to 0.50%, Sn: 0 to 0.50%, As: 0 to 0.05%, V: 0 to 2.0%, Balance: Fe and impurities,
- the metal structure at the 1/4 position of the plate thickness is area%, Retained
- the total area ratio of fresh martensite, pearlite and bainite is 0 to 5.0% in area%.
- the area ratio of pearlite and bainite is 0%.
- the steel sheet has a tensile strength of 1180 MPa or more and a sheet thickness of 0.8 to 3.2 mm.
- the high-strength steel plate according to any one of (1) to (3) above.
- the chemical composition is mass%, C: 0.13-0.21% Is, The high-strength steel sheet according to any one of (1) to (4) above.
- the chemical composition is mass%, Mn: 4.0 to 7.0% Is, The high-strength steel plate according to any one of (1) to (5) above.
- the chemical composition is mass%, Cr: 0 to 1.50% Is, The high-strength steel plate according to any one of (1) to (6) above.
- the chemical composition is mass%, Mo: 0 to 1.00% Is,
- the chemical composition is mass%, Ni: 0 to 1.50% Is, The high-strength steel sheet according to any one of (1) to (8) above.
- the chemical composition is mass%, Cu: 0 to 1.50% Is, The high-strength steel plate according to any one of (1) to (9) above.
- the chemical composition is mass%, B: 0 to 0.003% Is, The high-strength steel plate according to any one of (1) to (10) above.
- a hot dip galvanized layer On the surface of the steel sheet, a hot dip galvanized layer, an alloyed hot dip galvanized layer, or a Zn—Ni alloy plated layer is provided.
- the high-strength steel plate according to any one of (1) to (11) above.
- the present inventors have intensively studied a method for solving the above problems. As a result, a certain amount or more of residual ⁇ is dispersed in the steel sheet, and furthermore, high-temperature tempered martensite tempered at a high temperature and low-temperature tempered martensite tempered at a low temperature are respectively present in a required amount and in combination. And found that high uniform elongation (uEL) and local elongation (lEL) as well as high yield stress (YS) and tensile strength (TS) can be achieved.
- uEL uniform elongation
- lEL local elongation
- YS high yield stress
- TS tensile strength
- the present inventors have increased YS by the presence of high-temperature tempered martensite and a low-temperature tempered martensite excellent in the balance between ductility and hardness, and YS ⁇ uEL, by the presence of residual austenite. It was also found that TS ⁇ lEL can be increased.
- C 0.10 to 0.24%
- C is an element necessary for increasing the steel sheet strength and securing retained austenite.
- C is also an element that contributes to improving the strength of the low-temperature tempered martensite.
- the C content is less than 0.10%, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient steel sheet strength and a sufficient amount of retained austenite.
- the C content exceeds 0.24%, a large amount of pearlite and cementite are precipitated, and the local ductility is greatly reduced. Therefore, the C content is 0.10 to 0.24%.
- the C content is preferably 0.12% or more or 0.13% or more, and more preferably 0.15% or more or 0.17% or more.
- the C content is preferably 0.24% or less or 0.23% or less, and more preferably 0.22% or less or 0.21% or less.
- Mn 3.50 to 12.00% Similar to C, Mn is an element necessary for securing retained austenite. When the Mn content is less than 3.50%, the effect of addition is not sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, if the Mn content exceeds 12.00%, the amount of austenite increases too much, so that low-temperature tempered martensite cannot be obtained, and the tensile strength and yield stress decrease.
- the Mn content is preferably 3.80% or more or 4.00% or more, and more preferably 4.40% or more, 4.80% or more, or 5.10% or more.
- the Mn content is preferably 11.00% or less or 10.00% or less, and more preferably 9.00% or less, 8.00% or less, or 7.00% or less.
- Si and Al are deoxidizers, but are also elements that stabilize ferrite during annealing and suppress the precipitation of cementite. If the content of both Si and Al is less than 0.005%, the effect of addition is not sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, if both Si and Al exceed 5.00%, the surface properties, paintability, and weldability deteriorate. Therefore, the Si and Al contents are both 0.005 to 5.00%.
- the content of any element is preferably 0.010% or more, more preferably 0.020% or more, and further preferably 0.030% or more.
- Si may be 0.50% or more, 0.90% or more, or 1.05% or more.
- the content of any element is preferably 3.50% or less, more preferably 2.50% or less, and further preferably 2.10% or less.
- Al may be 1.00% or less.
- delta ferrite remains at room temperature.
- the delta ferrite becomes a ferrite stretched by hot rolling.
- Al is made 5.00% or less.
- Si + Al 0.80% or more is preferable, and 1.00% or more is more preferable.
- P 0.15% or less
- P is an impurity element inevitably mixed in from the steel raw material.
- the P content is preferably 0.10% or less, 0.05% or less, or 0.020% or less.
- the lower limit is set to 0%, but if the P content is reduced to less than 0.0001%, the manufacturing cost increases significantly, so 0.0001% may be set as the lower limit.
- S 0.030% or less S is an impurity element inevitably mixed from the steel raw material. If the S content exceeds 0.030%, MnS stretched by hot rolling is generated, and formability such as ductility and hole expansibility is lowered. Therefore, the S content is 0.030% or less.
- the S content is preferably 0.015% or less or 0.009% or less.
- the lower limit is set to 0%, but if the S content is reduced to less than 0.0001%, the manufacturing cost increases significantly, so 0.0001% may be set as the lower limit.
- N 0.020% or less
- N is an impurity element that is inevitably mixed in from the steel raw material and in the steel making process.
- the N content is 0.020% or less.
- the N content is preferably 0.015% or less, 0.010% or less, 0.0070% or less, or 0.0050% or less.
- the lower limit is set to 0%, but if the N content is reduced to less than 0.0001%, the manufacturing cost greatly increases, so 0.0001% may be set as the lower limit.
- O 0.010% or less
- O is an impurity element that inevitably remains after deoxidation. If the O content exceeds 0.010%, the ductility decreases. Therefore, the O content is 0.010% or less.
- the O content is preferably 0.007% or less, 0.004% or less, or 0.0025% or less.
- the lower limit is 0%, but if O is reduced to less than 0.0001%, the manufacturing cost will increase significantly, so 0.0001% may be set as the lower limit.
- the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet of the present invention has the following amounts of Cr, Mo, Ni, Cu, Nb, Ti, W, B, Ca, Mg, Zr, REM, and Sb.
- One or more elements selected from Sn, As and V may be contained.
- Cr 0 to 5.00% Mo: 0 to 5.00% Ni: 0 to 5.00% Cu: 0 to 5.00% Cr, Mo, Ni, and Cu are elements that contribute to improving the strength of the steel sheet, and may be contained as necessary. However, if any of Cr, Mo, Ni and Cu exceeds 5.00%, the strength increases excessively and ductility decreases. Therefore, the contents of Cr, Mo, Ni, and Cu are all 5.00% or less.
- the content of any element is preferably 4.00% or less or 3.00%, more preferably 2.00% or less or 1.00% or less, and 0.80% or less or 0.50. % Or less is more preferable.
- the lower limit of these elements is 0%, but in order to obtain the above effect, the content of one or more selected from the above elements may be 0.01% or more. % Or more. In order to reduce alloy costs, the total of these may be 2.00% or less, 1.50% or less, 1.10% or less, 0.7% or less, or 0.40% or less.
- Nb 0 to 0.50%
- Ti, and W are elements that form fine carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides and contribute to improving the strength of the steel sheet, and may be contained as necessary. However, if any of Nb, Ti, and W exceeds 0.50%, the strength increases excessively and ductility decreases. Therefore, the contents of Nb, Ti and W are all 0.50% or less.
- the content of any element is preferably 0.40% or less or 0.20% or less, and more preferably 0.10% or less or 0.05% or less.
- the lower limit of these elements is 0%, but in order to obtain the above effect, the content of one or more selected from the above elements may be 0.005% or more. % Or more. In order to reduce alloy costs, the total of these may be 0.50% or less, 0.20% or less, 0.10% or less, or 0.05% or less.
- B 0 to 0.010%
- B is an element that delays transformation and contributes to improving the strength of the steel sheet, and segregates at the grain boundary and contributes to strengthening of the grain boundary. Therefore, B may be contained as necessary. However, if the B content exceeds 0.010%, a large amount of the B compound precipitates and the steel plate becomes brittle. Therefore, the B content is 0.010% or less.
- the B content is preferably 0.005% or less or 0.0030% or less, and more preferably 0.0020% or less or 0.0016% or less.
- the lower limit of B is 0%, but in order to obtain the above effect, the B content may be 0.0002% or more, and may be 0.0003% or more.
- Ca, Mg, Zr, and REM are elements that contribute to the improvement of local ductility and hole expansibility by controlling the shapes of sulfides and oxides, and may be contained as necessary. However, if any of Ca, Mg, Zr and REM exceeds 0.05%, the workability deteriorates. Therefore, the contents of Ca, Mg, Zr and REM are all 0.05% or less.
- the content of any element is preferably 0.03% or less or 0.01% or less, and more preferably 0.0060% or less or 0.0040% or less.
- the total content is preferably 0.05% or less or 0.02% or less. More preferably, the content is not more than 01% or not more than 0.0060%.
- the lower limit of these elements is 0%, but in order to obtain the above effect, the content of one or more selected from the above elements may be 0.0001% or more, and 0.0002% It is good also as above.
- REM refers to a total of 17 elements of Sc, Y and lanthanoid, and the content of REM means the total content of these elements.
- the lanthanoid is industrially added in the form of misch metal.
- Sb and Sn are elements that suppress the formation of oxides by diffusing oxidizable elements such as Mn, Si, and / or Al in the steel sheet to the surface, and enhance the surface properties and plating properties. Therefore, you may make it contain as needed. However, when both elements of Sb and Sn exceed 0.50%, the effect of addition is saturated. Therefore, the contents of Sb and Sn are both 0.50% or less.
- the content of any element is preferably 0.35% or less or 0.15% or less, and more preferably 0.08% or less or 0.03% or less.
- the minimum of these elements is 0%, in order to acquire said effect, it is good also considering content of 1 or more types selected from said element as 0.010% or more.
- oxidizable elements such as Mn, Si, and / or Al in the steel sheet are prevented from diffusing to the surface to form oxides, and surface properties and plating properties are improved. Since it is an element that enhances the function, it may be contained if necessary. However, when the As content exceeds 0.05%, the addition effect is saturated. Therefore, the As content is 0.05% or less.
- the As content is preferably 0.02% or less, and more preferably 0.01% or less.
- As content is good also as 0.005% or more. If necessary, the total of Sb, Sn and As may be 0.05% or less, 0.03% or less, or 0.01% or less.
- V 0 to 2.0%
- V is an element that forms precipitates to refine crystal grains and contributes to the improvement of strength and toughness. Therefore, V may be contained as necessary. However, if the V content exceeds 0.50%, the above effect is saturated and the manufacturing cost increases. Therefore, the V content is 2.0% or less or 1.0% or less.
- the V content is preferably 0.50% or less or 0.30 %% or less, more preferably 0.10% or less, and even more preferably 0.06% or less.
- V content is good also as 0.001% or more or 0.005% or more.
- the balance is Fe and impurities.
- impurities are components that are mixed due to various factors of raw materials such as ores and scraps and manufacturing processes when industrially manufacturing steel sheets, and are permitted within a range that does not adversely affect the present invention. Means something.
- board thickness 1/4 position of the steel plate of this invention is demonstrated.
- the area ratio of each structure varies depending on the annealing conditions, and affects mechanical properties such as strength, uniform elongation, and local elongation. Since the desired mechanical properties vary depending on, for example, parts for automobiles, the annealing conditions are selected as necessary to control the area ratio of each structure. In the following description, “%” means “area%”.
- Residual austenite 10.0-55.0%
- Residual austenite is a structure that increases ductility, particularly uniform elongation, by transformation-induced plasticity.
- the area ratio of residual ⁇ needs to be 10.0% or more.
- the area ratio of residual ⁇ is preferably 13.0% or more, 15.0% or more, or 18.0% or more, and more preferably 20.0% or more.
- the area ratio of residual ⁇ is preferably 50.0% or less, more preferably 45.0% or less, 40.0% or less, 35.0% or less, or 31.0% or less.
- the metal structure residual ⁇ according to the present invention is mainly in the form of an elongated shape like martensite lath. Its thickness is 1 ⁇ m or less, and most is about 0.02 to 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the coexistence of the lath-like residual ⁇ and the low-temperature tempered martensite described later is difficult in the conventional method, and can be achieved by adopting the manufacturing method described later.
- the conventional method is a method of obtaining a residual ⁇ by making austenite single phase, cooling to room temperature, almost martensite, and then heating in a two-phase region to concentrate C and Mn in austenite. (See, for example, Non-Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 4).
- austenite and martensite exist in the second cooling step.
- austenite is generated from martensite, and the austenite is formed into a lath-like elongated structure.
- the structure around austenite is high-temperature tempered martensite. This austenite becomes retained austenite in the course of cooling to room temperature.
- the austenite after the second cooling step has a relatively coarse structure and becomes martensite in the third cooling step.
- lath-like austenite and low-temperature tempered martensite can coexist.
- High temperature tempered martensite 30.0-75.0%
- High-temperature tempered martensite is martensite tempered mainly at a temperature of about 550 to 700 ° C., and its measurement method will be described later.
- the area ratio of the high-temperature tempered martensite is 30.0 to 75.0%.
- the area ratio of the high-temperature tempered martensite is preferably 33.0% or more, 36.0% or more, or 38.0% or more, and 70.0% or less, 65.0% or less, 60.0% or less or It is preferably 55.0% or less.
- Low temperature tempered martensite 15.0-60.0%
- the low-temperature tempered martensite is a structure obtained by tempering fresh martensite generated in a third cooling step, which will be described later, mainly at a temperature of 250 to 480 ° C., and its measurement method will be described later.
- the area ratio of the low-temperature tempered martensite is 15.0% or more.
- the area ratio of the low-temperature tempered martensite may be set in accordance with a desired strength level, but if it is too much, the uniform elongation is lowered, so that it is 60.0% or less.
- the lower limit of the low-temperature tempered martensite may be 20.0%, 25.0%, 30.0%, 34.0%, or 38.0%.
- the upper limit may be 55.0%, 50.0%, 46.0%, or 42.0%.
- the balance is fresh martensite, pearlite, and bainite.
- Fresh martensite 0-10.0% In the tempering process, cementite slightly precipitates from austenite, the austenite becomes unstable, and fresh martensite may be generated in the cooling process after the tempering process.
- the area ratio of fresh martensite exceeds 10.0%, not only YS and local elongation decrease, but also the area ratio of residual ⁇ decreases and the uniform elongation also decreases. Therefore, the area ratio of fresh martensite is set to 10.0% or less.
- the area ratio of fresh martensite is preferably 5.0% or less, more preferably 3.0% or less, and most preferably a structure having 0%, that is, no fresh martensite.
- Pearlite may be produced from austenite during cooling during annealing or during alloying treatment of plating. When the area ratio of pearlite exceeds 5.0%, the area ratio of residual ⁇ decreases, and the strength and ductility are greatly reduced. Therefore, the area ratio of pearlite is 5.0% or less.
- the area ratio of pearlite is preferably as low as possible, preferably 3.0% or less, and most preferably 0%.
- Bainite 0-5.0% Bainite may be contained in the metal structure of the present invention. Since the bainite transformation is unlikely to proceed with the Mn content of the steel sheet of the present invention, the area ratio of bainite is 5.0% or less. The area ratio of bainite is preferably 3.0% or less, and most preferably 0%.
- the total area ratio of fresh martensite, pearlite, and bainite may be 5.0% or less, 3.0% or less, or 1.0% or less. It is more preferable that the total area ratio of these remaining metal structures is 0%.
- a cross section parallel to the rolling direction is cut out, mirror-polished, and then the electrolytically polished sample is separated from the surface by a quarter of the plate thickness by SEM-EBSD (hereinafter referred to as “plate thickness 1/4 position”). ))), A region of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m or more is measured at intervals of 0.1 ⁇ m. Then, using the analysis software of TSL Solutions Inc., the average value of the image quality within each grain (Grain Average Image Quality: GAIQ value) is calculated. And the area ratio of the area
- the area ratio of fresh martensite is obtained by subtracting the area ratio of residual austenite measured by the above method from the value of the total area ratio of fresh martensite and residual austenite.
- the fraction of the crystal grains having a GAIQ value of 5000 or less at the 1/4 position of the plate thickness is defined as the total area ratio of low-temperature tempered martensite and fresh martensite.
- a section perpendicular to the rolling direction is cut out, mirror-polished, and then corroded with nital.
- SEM observation is performed on the sample.
- the SEM observation is performed at a magnification of 5000 times, and the measurement area is a 25 ⁇ m ⁇ 20 ⁇ m area at a thickness of 1/4, and has four or more fields of view.
- the submerged structure without any substructure is made ferrite or high temperature tempered martensite.
- those having a ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of 2 or more are designated as high temperature tempered martensite.
- the major axis and minor axis are obtained as follows.
- the longest line among the lines connecting the grain boundary and another grain boundary is taken as the major axis.
- the one with the shortest distance is defined as the minor axis.
- the fraction of the structure in which the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is 2 or more is defined as the area ratio of the high-temperature tempered martensite, and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis. Is the area fraction of ferrite.
- the area of 25 ⁇ m ⁇ 20 ⁇ m at the 1/4 position of the thickness is observed by SEM for 4 or more views, and the fraction of the structure where the lamellar structure can be seen is defined as the area ratio of pearlite.
- the area of 25 ⁇ m ⁇ 20 ⁇ m at the 1/4 position of the plate thickness was observed by SEM with four or more views, the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis was 2 or more, and The fraction of the structure in which cementite is confirmed by a SEM of 5000 times is defined as the area ratio of bainite.
- the lower limit of the tensile strength may be 250 MPa.
- the upper limit of the tensile strength is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1650 MPa or less or 1600 MPa or less.
- the yield stress (YS) of the steel sheet and the work hardening amount after processing (after yield) are high. The hardness due to deformation increases as the yield stress (YS) increases and the amount of work hardening increases.
- the work hardening amount can be displayed using the n value as an index, but the n value and uEL are similar values. Therefore, in the steel sheet of the present invention, yield stress (YS) ⁇ uniform elongation (uEL) is used as an index. In the steel sheet of the present invention, YS ⁇ uEL ⁇ 10000 MPa%.
- the tensile test piece is a JIS Z2241 No. 5 test piece (a plate-like test piece having a parallel part width of 25 mm and a distance between reference points of 50 mm).
- uEL uniform elongation
- lEL local elongation
- the yield stress is an index for guaranteeing the hardness of the steel sheet after forming, the higher the yield ratio (yield stress / tensile strength), the better.
- the yield ratio is preferably 0.70 or more. More preferably, it is 0.71 or more or 0.72 or more.
- required in the tensile test of a rolling orthogonal direction is employ
- the direction perpendicular to rolling refers to a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction and thickness direction of the steel sheet, that is, the width direction.
- Hot rolling process A steel ingot or slab is heated and subjected to hot rolling to obtain a hot rolled steel sheet.
- the heating temperature before hot rolling is preferably 1100 to 1170 ° C.
- the finishing temperature of hot rolling is preferably 880 to 970 ° C. It is preferable to perform rolling under a large pressure of 10% or more at least three times in one pass between the last 1 pass to 6 passes of hot rolling.
- the heating temperature is less than 1100 ° C., the temperature may be lowered during conveyance until hot rolling, and finishing rolling may not be completed at the required temperature.
- the heating temperature exceeds 1170 ° C., the austenite at the time of heating may become coarse and the crystals of the steel sheet after rolling may become coarse, so the heating temperature is preferably 1170 ° C. or less.
- the steel having the chemical composition defined in the present invention is hard, if the finishing temperature is less than 880 ° C., a large load is applied to the rolling mill and hot rolling may be difficult. On the other hand, if the finishing temperature exceeds 970 ° C., the rolled steel sheet may be coarsened.
- (C) 1st cooling process The hot-rolled steel plate after finish rolling is cooled.
- the cooling conditions in the first cooling step it is preferable to cool at an average cooling rate of 20 ° C./s or more and stop the cooling in a temperature range of 550 to 650 ° C. If it is the said range, it will be easy to satisfy
- the hot-rolled steel sheet after the cooling stop is wound.
- the winding temperature is preferably 450 to 600 ° C.
- the coiling temperature is less than 450 ° C.
- the plate shape is deteriorated.
- the Mn content is high as in the present invention, if the coiling temperature exceeds 600 ° C., the scale becomes thick and pickling becomes difficult.
- the wound hot-rolled steel sheet is rewound again, pickled, and then cold-rolled to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet.
- the rolling reduction is preferably 40 to 65%.
- the rolling reduction is less than 40%, the plate thickness becomes thick. Therefore, when it is set as an automobile part, the weight tends to increase.
- the rolling reduction exceeds 65%, it is difficult to finish cold rolling in a short time. Moreover, the ductility after annealing may be lowered.
- the thickness of the cold rolled steel sheet is preferably in the range of 0.8 to 3.0 mm.
- (F) First annealing step After the cold rolling step, the cold rolled steel sheet is annealed for 90 seconds or more in a temperature range of 850 to 970 ° C. By holding in the above temperature range, the metal structure is changed to an austenite single phase structure.
- the annealing temperature is less than 850 ° C. or the holding time is less than 90 s, the amount of austenite decreases, and finally, the required amount of low-temperature tempered martensite cannot be secured, and the yield stress decreases.
- the holding time in the first annealing step is preferably set to 180 s or less.
- (G) Second cooling step After the first annealing step, the steel sheet is cooled to a temperature range of 150 to 250 ° C. In this temperature range, the phase transformation hardly occurs.
- the average cooling rate is preferably 1 to 100 ° C./s.
- martensite is generated, and this martensite becomes austenite reverse-transformed from the high-temperature tempered martensite in the second annealing step described later.
- the area ratio of the high-temperature tempered martensite can be adjusted by appropriately selecting the cooling temperature depending on the desired strength or characteristics.
- austenite and martensite coexist during the cooling process.
- Most of the austenite in the cooling process becomes martensite by obtaining the second annealing process to the third cooling process, and becomes low temperature tempered martensite in the subsequent tempering process.
- a part of martensite at the time of the cooling step becomes high-temperature tempered martensite in the second annealing step as described above. Therefore, by adjusting the amount of austenite and the amount of martensite according to the cooling process temperature, the amount of low-temperature tempered martensite and the amount of high-temperature tempered martensite in the final structure can be made within the scope of the present invention.
- the cooling stop temperature is preferably 180 ° C. or higher, preferably 230 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 220 ° C. or lower.
- the steel sheet is subjected to annealing for holding more than 120s in a temperature range below 550 ° C. or higher Ac 1 point.
- a large amount of cementite and pearlite is precipitated and the retained austenite is reduced.
- the annealing temperature is preferably 580 ° C. or higher.
- the annealing temperature is at least Ac 1 point
- the amount of retained austenite obtained is reduced.
- the reason for this is estimated as follows.
- the reverse transformation to austenite proceeds excessively, and the austenite during heating becomes excessive.
- the austenite becomes unstable. And it becomes a martensite at the time of a 2nd cooling process, and it is thought that a retained austenite decreases.
- Ac 1 point shall be calculated
- Ac 1 723 + 29.1 ⁇ Si-10.7 ⁇ Mn + 16.9 ⁇ Cr ⁇ 16.9 ⁇ Ni
- each element symbol in the above formula means the content (% by mass) of each element.
- the holding time at the above annealing temperature is 120 s or more.
- the holding time is less than 120 s, the reverse transformation to austenite does not proceed and the retained austenite decreases.
- the holding time may be appropriately determined in relation to the annealing temperature. However, even if annealing is performed for 8 hours or more, there is no significant change, and the cost increases industrially, so the upper limit is about 8 hours.
- the second annealing step it may be heated in a preheated furnace or may be heated with IH or the like.
- the heating rate is less than 10 ° C./s, the amount of retained austenite decreases. It is presumed that a large amount of cementite precipitates occurred during the heating and remained undissolved during the subsequent heating, resulting in a decrease in C in the retained austenite.
- the upper limit of the substantial heating rate is about 25 ° C./s for temperature control in the second annealing step.
- the average cooling rate is preferably 8 ° C./s or more. When the average cooling rate is less than 8 ° C./s, bainite is likely to be produced, and YR and YS ⁇ uEL are lowered.
- (J) Tempering step After the third cooling step, the steel sheet is tempered for 1 s or more in a temperature range of 250 to 480 ° C. In the tempering step, low temperature tempered martensite is generated. When the tempering temperature is less than 250 ° C., a sufficient tempering effect cannot be obtained, and a lot of fresh martensite remains. As a result, YS decreases, TS increases, and the yield ratio decreases.
- the tempering temperature is preferably 200 ° C. or higher.
- a temperature range shall be 480 degrees C or less. Preferably it is 460 ° C or 400 ° C or less.
- holding time shall be 1 h or less.
- the cooling rate in the fourth cooling step is not particularly limited because the change in the metal structure is small if the cooling rate is equal to or higher than air cooling. However, if the cooling rate is less than 5 ° C./s, bainite may increase as in the third cooling step. On the other hand, when cooling at a cooling rate exceeding 80 ° C./s, uneven cooling tends to occur and the plate shape becomes poor. Therefore, the cooling rate is preferably 5 to 80 ° C./s or less.
- the steel sheet cooled to room temperature in the fourth cooling step may be subjected to hot dip galvanization, alloyed hot dip galvanization, or Zn—Ni alloy plating.
- the Zn—Ni alloy plating is performed by electroplating.
- hot dip galvanization the steel sheet cooled to room temperature in the fourth cooling step may be immersed in a 460 ° C. galvanizing bath.
- a steel plate may be immersed in a hot dip galvanizing bath and may be plated at the time of a tempering process.
- the hot dip galvanized steel sheet is heated to 480 to 500 ° C. to perform the alloying treatment. Similarly to the case of the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, an alloying treatment may be performed during the tempering step.
- the thickness of the steel sheet targeted by the present invention is mainly 0.8 to 3.0 mm. If necessary, the upper limit of the plate thickness may be 2.8 mm or 2.5 mm.
- a 240 mm thick slab having the chemical composition shown in Table 1 was produced. This slab was hot-rolled under the conditions shown in Tables 2 and 3 to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet. At this time, rolling under a large pressure of 10% or more was performed at least three times in one pass. The hot-rolled steel sheet was cooled with a water spray to the coiling temperature and wound up. The manufactured hot-rolled steel sheet was pickled to remove scale, and then cold-rolled under the conditions shown in Tables 2 and 3 to produce a cold-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 1.2 mm.
- test material is collected from the obtained cold-rolled steel sheet, the test material is heated to the maximum annealing temperature shown in Tables 2 and 3, and is annealed for the time shown in Tables 2 and 3 (first annealing step), Subsequently, it cooled to the cooling stop temperature with the average cooling rate shown in Table 2 and 3 (2nd cooling process).
- the second annealing step after the second cooling step was performed by heating to the maximum annealing temperature shown in Tables 2 and 3 at the average heating rate shown in Tables 2 and 3, and holding the annealing time shown in Tables 2 and 3. . Subsequently, it cooled to room temperature with the average cooling rate shown in Table 2 and 3 (3rd cooling process).
- heating was performed at an average heating rate of 5 ° C./s to the temperatures shown in Tables 2 and 3, and the times shown in Tables 2 and 3 were maintained. Then, it cooled to room temperature at 10 degrees C / s (4th cooling process).
- Test No. for 57 to 59 the surface was plated.
- Test No. In 57 after the tempering step was completed, Zn—Ni was deposited by electroplating.
- Test No. No. 58 was made into a hot dip galvanized steel sheet by immersing the steel in a Zn hot dip zinc bath heated to 460 ° C. after the third cooling step. The molten zinc contains about 0.01% Al as in the conventional case. The tempering process is substituted at the temperature of the plating bath.
- Test No. 59 is a test no.
- steel was immersed in a hot dip galvanizing bath, and then reheated and held to alloy Zn with the base material Fe.
- the timing for applying the plating is not limited to the above. For example, it may be immersed in a plating bath or alloyed during the third cooling step.
- the metal structure was identified by the following method. A method for obtaining the area ratio of each tissue will be described below.
- a cross section perpendicular to the rolling direction was cut out, mirror-polished, and then subjected to electrolytic polishing, and a region of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m or more was measured at 0.1 ⁇ m intervals by SEM-EBSD. Thereafter, using the analysis software of TSL Solutions, Inc., the average value of the image quality within each grain (Grain Average Image Quality: GAIQ value) was calculated. And the area ratio of the area
- the area ratio of fresh martensite was determined by subtracting the area ratio of retained austenite measured by the above method from the value of the total area ratio of fresh martensite and retained austenite.
- the fraction of crystal grains having a GAIQ value of 5000 or less was defined as the total area ratio of low-temperature tempered martensite and fresh martensite. From this value, the area ratio of low-temperature tempered martensite was determined by subtracting the area ratio of fresh martensite.
- a cross section perpendicular to the rolling direction was cut out, mirror-polished, then corroded with nital, and SEM observation was performed at a thickness of 1/4.
- SEM observation was performed at a magnification of 5000 times, and the measurement area was an area of 25 ⁇ m ⁇ 20 ⁇ m with 4 fields of view or more.
- the fraction having a major axis / minor axis ratio of 2 or more was defined as the area ratio of high-temperature tempered martensite, and the fraction having a ratio of less than 2 was defined as the area ratio of ferrite.
- the major axis and minor axis were obtained as follows. First, in the photograph taken above, when focusing on one of the crystal grains, the longest line among the lines connecting the grain boundary and another grain boundary is taken as the major axis. Of the lines connecting the grain boundary dividing the major axis into two and another grain boundary, the one with the shortest distance was defined as the minor axis.
- bainite For pearlite, after performing nital corrosion, an area of 25 ⁇ m ⁇ 20 ⁇ m was observed with 4 views or more in SEM at the 1/4 thickness position, and the fraction of the portion where the lamellar structure was visible was defined as the pearlite area ratio.
- bainite was similarly subjected to nital corrosion, and thereafter, a region of 25 ⁇ m ⁇ 20 ⁇ m was observed by SEM with four or more fields at a thickness of 1/4, and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis was 2 or more.
- bainite was obtained in which cementite was confirmed by SEM of 5000 times.
- the mechanical properties of the obtained steel plate were measured. JIS No. 5 tensile test specimen was taken from the heat-treated test material so that the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction was the tensile direction, yield strength (YS), tensile strength (TS), uniform elongation (uEL), all Elongation (EL) was measured. The difference between total elongation and uniform elongation was defined as local elongation (lEL). The measured mechanical properties are shown in Tables 6 and 7.
- TS is 1180 MPa or more
- TS ⁇ lEL is 6000 MPa% or more
- YS ⁇ uEL is 10000 MPa% or more.
- test no. No. 6 has a low annealing temperature in the first annealing step, and therefore has low low-temperature tempered martensite, low strength, and low TS ⁇ lEL.
- Test No. No. 7 has a short annealing time in the first annealing step, and therefore has low temperature tempered martensite. Similar to 6, the strength is low and TS ⁇ lEL is also low.
- the stop temperature of the second cooling step is as low as 20 ° C.
- the second annealing step is performed, which is the same heat treatment condition as the conventional method described in Non-Patent Document 1 and the like.
- Test No. No. 10 has a high cooling stop temperature of 400 ° C. in the second cooling step. As a result, transformation does not occur and the metal structure is austenite. Subsequent heating produces a slight amount of ferrite, but since the amount is small, C and Mn do not concentrate in austenite.
- the third cooling step and the tempering step a large amount of low-temperature tempered martensite is generated, and a metal structure with little residual ⁇ is obtained. For this reason, YSxuEL and TSxtEL became low. Test No. The same applies to 51.
- Test No. No. 11 has a high maximum annealing temperature of 730 ° C. in the second annealing step, so that the metal structure becomes an austenite single phase, and C and Mn do not concentrate in the austenite and become an unstable structure. Therefore, a large amount of tempered martensite is generated by the third cooling step and the tempering step, and the area ratio of residual ⁇ is reduced. As a result, TS ⁇ lEL and YS ⁇ uEL were lowered.
- Test No. No. 13 has an annealing time of 60 s in the second annealing step, which is a short time, so there is no time for C and Mn to concentrate in the austenite, the austenite becomes unstable, and the area ratio of residual ⁇ decreases. As a result, TS ⁇ lEL and YS ⁇ uEL were lowered.
- Test No. No. 14 since the temperature of the tempering step is low at 130 ° C., the tempering of martensite generated in the third cooling step does not proceed, and the fresh martensite increases in the metal structure. As a result, YS and YS ⁇ uEL were lowered. Test No. The same applies to 43 and 44.
- Test No. No. 46 has a low area rate of residual ⁇ because the average heating rate in the second annealing step is as low as 3 ° C./s. As a result, TS ⁇ lEL and YS ⁇ uEL were lowered.
- Test No. No. 47 has a long retention time in the tempering process, so that the area ratio of residual ⁇ is low. As a result, TS ⁇ lEL and YS ⁇ uEL were lowered.
- Test No. No. 55 has an inappropriate processing condition in the second cooling step, so that the area ratio of high-temperature tempered martensite and low-temperature tempered martensite is low. As a result, TS ⁇ lEL and YS ⁇ uEL were lowered.
- Test No. No. 56 had a low average cooling rate of 2 ° C./s in the third cooling step, so that ferrite precipitated and YR and YS ⁇ uEL were low.
- Test No. No. 36 has a C content lower than the range of the present invention, and the area ratio of residual ⁇ is outside the range of the present invention. As a result, the uniform elongation was lowered and YS ⁇ uEL was lowered. Although the strength also decreases, it is estimated that the decrease in strength is due to softening of tempered martensite due to a decrease in the C content.
- Test No. No. 37 has a C content higher than the range of the present invention, and the metal structure is a metal structure in which a large amount of pearlite is present and a large amount of cementite is observed. As a result, the local ductility was greatly reduced and TS ⁇ lEL was lowered. Moreover, since it broke early, uniform elongation is also low and YSxuEL is also low.
- Test No. No. 38 has a Mn content lower than the range of the present invention, and the area ratio of residual ⁇ is outside the range of the present invention. Therefore, the uniform elongation was reduced and YS ⁇ uEL was lowered. Test No. In No. 39, the Mn content was higher than the range of the present invention, austenite was excessively stabilized, a sufficient amount of tempered martensite was not obtained, and YS and TS were low.
- FIGS. 1 to 6 are plots of the above relationship.
- the area ratio of low-temperature tempered martensite is 15.0 to 60.0%
- the area ratio of retained austenite is 10.0 to 55.0%
- the area ratio of high-temperature tempered martensite is 30.
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Abstract
Description
C:0.10~0.24%、
Mn:3.50~12.00%、
Si:0.005~5.00%、
Al:0.005~5.00%、
P:0.15%以下、
S:0.030%以下、
N:0.020%以下、
O:0.010%以下、
Cr:0~5.00%、
Mo:0~5.00%、
Ni:0~5.00%、
Cu:0~5.00%、
Nb:0~0.50%、
Ti:0~0.50%、
W:0~0.50%、
B:0~0.010%、
Ca:0~0.05%、
Mg:0~0.05%、
Zr:0~0.05%、
REM:0~0.05%、
Sb:0~0.50%、
Sn:0~0.50%、
As:0~0.05%、
V:0~2.0%、
残部:Feおよび不純物であり、
板厚1/4位置における金属組織が、面積%で、
残留オーステナイト:10.0~55.0%、
高温焼戻しマルテンサイト:30.0~75.0%、
低温焼戻しマルテンサイト:15.0~60.0%、
であり、残部が
フレッシュマルテンサイト:0~10.0%、
パーライト:0~5.0%、
ベイナイト:0~5.0%、
である、
高強度鋼板。
上記(1)に記載の高強度鋼板。
上記(1)または(2)に記載の高強度鋼板。
上記(1)から(3)までのいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板。
C:0.13~0.21%
である、
上記(1)から(4)までのいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板。
Mn:4.0~7.0%
である、
上記(1)から(5)までのいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板。
Cr:0~1.50%
である、
上記(1)から(6)までのいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板。
Mo:0~1.00%
である、
上記(1)から(7)までのいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板。
Ni:0~1.50%
である、
上記(1)から(8)までのいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板。
Cu:0~1.50%
である、
上記(1)から(9)までのいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板。
B:0~0.003%
である、
上記(1)から(10)までのいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板。
上記(1)から(11)までのいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板。
各元素の限定理由は下記のとおりである。なお、以下の説明において含有量についての「%」は、「質量%」を意味する。
Cは、鋼板強度を高め、残留オーステナイトを確保するために必要な元素である。また、Cは、低温焼戻しマルテンサイトの強度の向上に寄与する元素でもある。C含有量が0.10%未満では、十分な鋼板強度と、十分な量の残留オーステナイトを得ることが難しくなる。一方、C含有量が0.24%を超えると、パーライトおよびセメンタイトが多量に析出し、局部延性が大きく低下する。したがって、C含有量は0.10~0.24%とする。C含有量は0.12%以上または0.13%以上であるのが好ましく、0.15%以上または0.17%以上であるのがより好ましい。また、C含有量は0.24%以下または0.23%以下であるのが好ましく、0.22%以下または0.21%以下であるのがより好ましい。
Mnは、Cと同様に、残留オーステナイトを確保するために必要な元素である。Mn含有量が3.50%未満では、添加効果が十分に発現しない。一方、Mn含有量が12.00%を超えると、オーステナイト量が増えすぎて、低温焼戻しマルテンサイトが得られず、引張強さおよび降伏応力が低下する。Mn含有量は3.80%以上または4.00%以上であるのが好ましく、4.40%以上、4.80%以上または5.10%以上であるのがより好ましい。また、Mn含有量は11.00%以下または10.00%以下であるのが好ましく、9.00%以下、8.00%以下または7.00%以下であるのがより好ましい。
Al:0.005~5.00%
SiおよびAlは、脱酸剤であるが、焼鈍時にフェライトを安定化し、セメンタイトの析出を抑制する作用をなす元素でもある。SiおよびAlのいずれも、その含有量が0.005%未満であると、添加効果が十分に発現しない。一方、SiおよびAlのいずれも5.00%を超えると、表面性状、塗装性、および溶接性が低下する。したがって、SiおよびAlの含有量はいずれも0.005~5.00%とする。
Pは、鋼原料から不可避的に混入する不純物元素である。P含有量が0.15%を超えると、延性および溶接性が低下する。したがって、P含有量は0.15%以下とする。P含有量は0.10%以下、0.05%以下または0.020%以下であるのが好ましい。下限は0%とするが、P含有量を0.0001%未満に低減すると、製造コストが大幅に上昇するので、0.0001%を下限としてもよい。
Sは、鋼原料から不可避的に混入する不純物元素である。S含有量が0.030%を超えると、熱間圧延によって伸張したMnSが生成し、延性および穴広げ性などの成形性が低下する。したがって、S含有量は0.030%以下とする。S含有量は0.015%以下または0.009%以下であるのが好ましい。下限は0%とするが、S含有量を0.0001%未満に低減すると、製造コストが大幅に上昇するので、0.0001%を下限としてもよい。
Nは、鋼原料から、また、製鋼過程で不可避的に混入する不純物元素である。N含有量が0.020%を超えると、延性が低下する。したがって、N含有量は0.020%以下とする。N含有量は0.015%以下、0.010%以下、0.0070%以下または0.0050%以下であるのが好ましい。下限は0%とするが、N含有量を0.0001%未満に低減すると、製造コストが大幅に上昇するので、0.0001%を下限としてもよい。
Oは、脱酸後、不可避的に残留する不純物元素である。O含有量が0.010%を超えると、延性が低下する。したがって、O含有量は0.010%以下とする。O含有量は0.007%以下、0.004%以下または0.0025%以下であるのが好ましい。下限は0%とするが、Oを0.0001%未満に低減すると、製造コストが大幅に上昇するので、0.0001%を下限としてもよい。
Mo:0~5.00%
Ni:0~5.00%
Cu:0~5.00%
Cr、Mo、NiおよびCuは、鋼板強度の向上に寄与する元素であるため、必要に応じて含有させてもよい。しかしながら、Cr、Mo、NiおよびCuのいずれも5.00%を超えると、強度が上昇しすぎて、延性が低下する。したがって、Cr、Mo、NiおよびCuの含有量は、いずれも5.00%以下とする。
Ti:0~0.50%
W:0~0.50%
Nb、TiおよびWは、微細な炭化物、窒化物、または炭窒化物を形成し、鋼板強度の向上に寄与する元素であるため、必要に応じて含有させてもよい。しかしながら、Nb、TiおよびWのいずれも0.50%を超えると、強度が上昇しすぎて、延性が低下する。したがって、Nb、TiおよびWの含有量は、いずれも0.50%以下とする。
Bは、変態を遅らせて、鋼板強度の向上に寄与し、また、粒界に偏析して粒界の強化に寄与する元素であるため、必要に応じて含有させてもよい。しかしながら、B含有量が0.010%を超えると、B化合物が多量に析出し、鋼板が脆化する。したがって、B含有量は0.010%以下とする。B含有量は0.005%以下または0.0030%以下であるのが好ましく、0.0020%以下または0.0016%以下であるのがより好ましい。なお、Bの下限は0%であるが、上記の効果を得るためには、B含有量は0.0002%以上としても差し支えなく、0.0003%以上としてもよい。
Mg:0~0.05%
Zr:0~0.05%
REM:0~0.05%
Ca、Mg、ZrおよびREM(希土類元素)は、硫化物および酸化物の形状を制御して局部延性および穴広げ性の向上に寄与する元素であるため、必要に応じて含有させてもよい。しかしながら、Ca、Mg、ZrおよびREMのいずれも0.05%を超えると、加工性が低下する。したがって、Ca、Mg、ZrおよびREMの含有量は、いずれも0.05%以下とする。
Sn:0~0.50%
SbおよびSnは、鋼板中のMn、Si、および/または、Al等の易酸化性元素が表面に拡散して酸化物を形成するのを抑制し、表面性状およびめっき性を高める作用をなす元素であるため、必要に応じて含有させてもよい。しかしながら、SbおよびSnのいずれの元素も0.50%を超えると、添加効果が飽和する。したがって、SbおよびSnの含有量は、いずれも0.50%以下とする。
Asは、SbおよびSnと同様に、鋼板中のMn、Si、および/または、Al等の易酸化性元素が表面に拡散して酸化物を形成するのを抑制し、表面性状およびめっき性を高める作用をなす元素であるため、必要に応じて含有させてもよい。しかしながら、As含有量が0.05%を超えると、添加効果は飽和する。したがって、As含有量は0.05%以下とする。As含有量は0.02%以下であるのが好ましく、0.01%以下であるのがより好ましい。なお、Asの下限は0%であるが、上記の効果を得るためには、As含有量は0.005%以上としてもよい。必要に応じて、Sb、SnおよびAsの合計を0.05%以下、0.03%以下または0.01%以下としてもよい。
Vは、析出物を形成して結晶粒を微細化し、強度および靱性の向上に寄与する元素であるため、必要に応じて含有させてもよい。しかし、V含有量が0.50%を超えると、上記の効果が飽和し、製造コストが上昇する。そのため、V含有量は2.0%以下または1.0%以下とする。V含有量は0.50%以下または0.30%%以下であるのが好ましく、0.10%以下であるのがより好ましく、0.06%以下であるのがさらに好ましい。なお、Vの下限は0%であるが、上記の効果を得るためには、V含有量は0.001%以上または0.005%以上としてもよい。
本発明の鋼板の板厚1/4位置における金属組織について説明する。各組織の面積率は、焼鈍条件によって変化し、強度、一様伸び、局部伸びなどの機械特性に影響を与える。所望の機械特性は、例えば、自動車用の部品により変化するため、必要に応じて焼鈍条件を選択して、各組織の面積率を制御する。なお、以下の説明において「%」は、「面積%」を意味する。
残留オーステナイト(以下、「残留γ」ともいう。)は、変態誘起塑性によって、延性、特に、一様伸びを高める組織である。本発明の鋼板において優れた一様伸びを得るため、残留γの面積率は10.0%以上とする必要がある。一方、残留γの面積率が55.0%を超えると、降伏応力が低下するので、残留γの面積率は55.0%以下とする。残留γの面積率は、13.0%以上、15.0%以上または18.0%以上であるのが好ましく、20.0%以上であるのがより好ましい。また、残留γの面積率は、50.0%以下であるのが好ましく、45.0%以下、40.0%以下、35.0%以下または31.0%以下であるのがより好ましい。
高温焼戻しマルテンサイトは、主に550~700℃程度の温度で焼戻されたマルテンサイトであり、その測定方法は後述する。成形性の向上のため、高温焼戻しマルテンサイトの面積率は、30.0~75.0%とする。高温焼戻しマルテンサイトの面積率は、33.0%以上、36.0%以上または38.0%以上であるのが好ましく、70.0%以下、65.0%以下、60.0%以下または55.0%以下であるのが好ましい。
低温焼戻しマルテンサイトは、後述する第3冷却工程で生じたフレッシュマルテンサイトを主に250~480℃の温度で焼戻された組織であり、その測定方法は後述する。
焼戻し工程において、オーステナイトから、僅かにセメンタイトが析出して、オーステナイトが不安定化し、焼戻し工程後の冷却工程で、フレッシュマルテンサイトが生成することがある。フレッシュマルテンサイトの面積率が10.0%を超えると、YSおよび局部伸びが低下するだけでなく、残留γの面積率が減少して、一様伸びも低下する。そのため、フレッシュマルテンサイトの面積率は10.0%以下とする。フレッシュマルテンサイトの面積率は5.0%以下であるのが好ましく、3.0%以下であるのがより好ましく、0%つまりフレッシュマルテンサイトがない組織が最も好ましい。
パーライトは、焼鈍時の冷却途中、または、めっきの合金化処理中に、オーステナイトから生成する場合がある。パーライトの面積率が5.0%を超えると、残留γの面積率が減少し、強度および延性を大きく低下させる。そのため、パーライトの面積率は、5.0%以下とする。パーライトの面積率はできるだけ低い方が好ましく、3.0%以下であるのが好ましく、0%であることが最も好ましい。
本発明の金属組織中には、ベイナイトが含まれていてもよい。本発明の鋼板のMn含有量では、ベイナイト変態は進行しにくいので、ベイナイトの面積率は、5.0%以下とする。ベイナイトの面積率は、3.0%以下であるのが好ましく、0%であることが最も好ましい。
引張強さ(TS)は、高いほどよく、1180MPa以上とする。例えば、鋼板を自動車の素材として使用する場合、高強度化によって、鋼板の板厚を減少し、自動車を軽量化することができる。引張強さの下限を250MPaとしてもよい。引張強さの上限については特に制限を設ける必要はないが、1650MPa以下または1600MPa以下とすることが好ましい。上記の軽量化効果を得るためには、鋼板の降伏応力(YS)と、加工後(降伏後)の加工硬化量が高いことが好ましい。変形による硬さは、降伏応力(YS)が高く、かつ、加工硬化量が多いほど上昇する。
本発明に係る鋼板は、例えば、以下に示す製造方法を用いることにより、製造することができる。以下の製造方法では、下記の(a)から(m)までの工程を順に行う。各工程について詳しく説明する。
上述の化学組成を有する鋼塊またはスラブを溶製する。溶製工程における条件については特に制限はなく、通常の方法を用いればよい。
鋼塊またはスラブを加熱して熱間圧延を施し、熱延鋼板とする。熱間圧延前の加熱温度を1100~1170℃とし、熱間圧延の仕上げ温度を880~970℃とするのが好ましい。熱間圧延の最終1パスから6パスの間で、1回のパスで10%以上の大圧下の圧延を少なくとも3回以上行うことが好ましい。
仕上げ圧延終了後の熱延鋼板を冷却する。第1冷却工程における冷却条件について特に制限は設けないが、20℃/s以上の平均冷却速度で冷却し、550~650℃の温度範囲で冷却を停止することが好ましい。上記範囲なら巻取工程での温度範囲を満たしやすい。
冷却停止後の熱延鋼板を巻き取る。巻取温度は、450~600℃であるのが好ましい。巻取温度が450℃未満では、板形状が悪くなる。また、本発明のように、Mn含有量が高い場合には、巻取温度が600℃を超えると、スケールが厚くなり、酸洗しにくくなる。
巻き取られた熱延鋼板を再び巻き戻して、酸洗した後、冷間圧延を施し、冷延鋼板とする。圧下率は40~65%とするのが好ましい。圧下率が40%未満では、板厚が厚くなる。そのため、自動車部品とした際に、重量が重くなりやすい。一方、圧下率が65%を超えると、冷間圧延を短時間で終了することが難しくなる。また、焼鈍後の延性が低くなることがある。冷延鋼板の厚さは0.8~3.0mmの範囲とすることが好ましい。
冷延工程の後、冷延鋼板に、850~970℃の温度域で90s以上保持する焼鈍を施す。上記温度域での保持により、金属組織を、オーステナイト単相の組織とする。焼鈍温度が850℃未満、または、保持時間が90s未満であると、オーステナイトの量が少なくなり、最終的に、所要量の低温焼戻しマルテンサイトを確保できず、降伏応力が低下する。
第1焼鈍工程の後、鋼板を150~250℃の温度域まで冷却する。この温度域で、相変態は起きにくい。冷却速度は、平均で、1~100℃/sが好ましい。第2冷却工程で、マルテンサイトが生成し、このマルテンサイトが、後述の第2焼鈍工程で高温焼戻しマルテンサイトと逆変態したオーステナイトとなる。所望の強度または特性により、冷却温度を適宜選択して、高温焼戻しマルテンサイトの面積率を調整することができる。
第2冷却工程の後、鋼板に、550℃以上Ac1点未満の温度域で120s以上保持する焼鈍を施す。焼鈍温度が550℃未満であると、セメンタイトおよびパーライトが多量に析出し、残留オーステナイトが減少する。焼鈍温度は580℃以上であるのが好ましい。
Ac1=723+29.1×Si-10.7×Mn+16.9×Cr-16.9×Ni
但し、上記式中の各元素記号は、各元素の含有量(質量%)を意味する。
第2焼鈍工程の後、鋼板を室温まで冷却する。鋼板を、室温まで冷却しないと、後述する焼戻し工程で、フレッシュマルテンサイトが生成して、YSが低下するおそれがある。平均冷却速度は、8℃/s以上とするのが好ましい。平均冷却速度が8℃/s未満では、ベイナイトが出やすくなり、YRおよびYS×uELが低くなる。
第3冷却工程の後、鋼板に、250~480℃の温度域で1s以上保持する焼戻しを施す。焼戻し工程において、低温焼戻しマルテンサイトを生成させる。焼戻し温度が250℃未満であると、焼戻し効果が十分に得られず、フレッシュマルテンサイトが多く残る。その結果、YSが低くなり、TSが高くなり、降伏比が低下する。焼戻し温度は200℃以上であるのが好ましい。
焼戻し工程の後、鋼板を室温まで冷却する。第4冷却工程での冷却速度は、空冷以上の冷却速度であれば、金属組織の変化は小さいので、特に限定はしない。ただし、冷却速度が5℃/s未満では、第3冷却工程と同様に、ベイナイトが多くなる可能性がある。一方、80℃/sを超える冷却速度で冷却する場合、冷却ムラが発生しやすく、板形状が悪くなる。そのため、冷却速度は5~80℃/s以下とするのが好ましい。
焼戻し工程の後、第4冷却工程で室温まで冷却した鋼板に、溶融亜鉛めっき、合金化溶融亜鉛めっき、または、Zn-Ni合金めっきを施してもよい。Zn-Ni合金めっきは、電気めっきで施す。溶融亜鉛めっきは、第4冷却工程で室温まで冷却した鋼板を、460℃の亜鉛めっき浴に浸漬すればよい。また、第3冷却工程の後、鋼板を溶融亜鉛めっき浴に浸漬し、焼戻し工程時にめっきを施してもよい。
合金化溶融亜鉛めっきは、溶融亜鉛めっきを施した鋼板を、480~500℃に加熱して、合金化処理を行なえばよい。溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の場合と同様に、焼戻し工程時に合金化処理を行なってもよい。
Claims (12)
- 化学組成が、質量%で、
C:0.10~0.24%、
Mn:3.50~12.00%、
Si:0.005~5.00%、
Al:0.005~5.00%、
P:0.15%以下、
S:0.030%以下、
N:0.020%以下、
O:0.010%以下、
Cr:0~5.00%、
Mo:0~5.00%、
Ni:0~5.00%、
Cu:0~5.00%、
Nb:0~0.50%、
Ti:0~0.50%、
W:0~0.50%、
B:0~0.010%、
Ca:0~0.05%、
Mg:0~0.05%、
Zr:0~0.05%、
REM:0~0.05%、
Sb:0~0.50%、
Sn:0~0.50%、
As:0~0.05%、
V:0~2.0%、
残部:Feおよび不純物であり、
板厚1/4位置における金属組織が、面積%で、
残留オーステナイト:10.0~55.0%、
高温焼戻しマルテンサイト:30.0~75.0%、
低温焼戻しマルテンサイト:15.0~60.0%、
であり、残部が
フレッシュマルテンサイト:0~10.0%、
パーライト:0~5.0%、
ベイナイト:0~5.0%、
である、
高強度鋼板。 - 前記金属組織において、フレッシュマルテンサイト、パーライトおよびベイナイトの合計面積率が、面積%で、0~5.0%である、
請求項1に記載の高強度鋼板。 - 前記金属組織において、パーライトおよびベイナイトの面積率が、0%である、
請求項1または請求項2に記載の高強度鋼板。 - 前記鋼板の引張強さが1180MPa以上であり、板厚が0.8~3.2mmである、
請求項1から請求項3までのいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板。 - 前記化学組成が、質量%で、
C:0.13~0.21%
である、
請求項1から請求項4までのいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板。 - 前記化学組成が、質量%で、
Mn:4.0~7.0%
である、
請求項1から請求項5までのいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板。 - 前記化学組成が、質量%で、
Cr:0~1.50%
である、
請求項1から請求項6までのいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板。 - 前記化学組成が、質量%で、
Mo:0~1.00%
である、
請求項1から請求項7までのいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板。 - 前記化学組成が、質量%で、
Ni:0~1.50%
である、
請求項1から請求項8までのいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板。 - 前記化学組成が、質量%で、
Cu:0~1.50%
である、
請求項1から請求項9までのいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板。 - 前記化学組成が、質量%で、
B:0~0.003%
である、
請求項1から請求項10までのいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板。 - 前記鋼板の表面に、溶融亜鉛めっき層、合金化溶融亜鉛めっき層、または、Zn-Ni合金めっき層を備える、
請求項1から請求項11までのいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板。
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MX2019006392A MX2019006392A (es) | 2016-12-05 | 2016-12-05 | Placa de acero de resistencia alta. |
JP2017518277A JP6213696B1 (ja) | 2016-12-05 | 2016-12-05 | 高強度鋼板 |
US16/466,981 US20200087764A1 (en) | 2016-12-05 | 2016-12-05 | High-strength steel sheet |
BR112019010681A BR112019010681A2 (pt) | 2016-12-05 | 2016-12-05 | chapa de aço de alta resistência |
PCT/JP2016/086060 WO2018105003A1 (ja) | 2016-12-05 | 2016-12-05 | 高強度鋼板 |
CN201680091418.5A CN110036128A (zh) | 2016-12-05 | 2016-12-05 | 高强度钢板 |
EP16923381.4A EP3550047A4 (en) | 2016-12-05 | 2016-12-05 | HIGH MECHANICAL STRENGTH SHEET |
KR1020197019298A KR20190092491A (ko) | 2016-12-05 | 2016-12-05 | 고강도 강판 |
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US (1) | US20200087764A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3550047A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6213696B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20190092491A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN110036128A (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112019010681A2 (ja) |
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KR20190092491A (ko) | 2019-08-07 |
BR112019010681A2 (pt) | 2019-09-17 |
CN110036128A (zh) | 2019-07-19 |
EP3550047A4 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
JP6213696B1 (ja) | 2017-10-18 |
JPWO2018105003A1 (ja) | 2018-12-06 |
US20200087764A1 (en) | 2020-03-19 |
EP3550047A1 (en) | 2019-10-09 |
MX2019006392A (es) | 2019-08-01 |
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