WO2018086383A1 - 空调的多联机机组和空调 - Google Patents

空调的多联机机组和空调 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018086383A1
WO2018086383A1 PCT/CN2017/094514 CN2017094514W WO2018086383A1 WO 2018086383 A1 WO2018086383 A1 WO 2018086383A1 CN 2017094514 W CN2017094514 W CN 2017094514W WO 2018086383 A1 WO2018086383 A1 WO 2018086383A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
compressor
gas
pressure
external
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PCT/CN2017/094514
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何珍
许浩
陈敏
郭建民
张仕强
武连发
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珠海格力电器股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2018086383A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018086383A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/001—Compression cycle type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of air conditioning, in particular to a multi-line unit and an air conditioner of an air conditioner.
  • the multi-line unit of modular air conditioner is affected by factors such as valve control in the external unit during operation.
  • the external units in the multi-line unit are prone to uneven distribution of refrigerant, such as some.
  • refrigerant such as some.
  • Long-term operation in this state the reliability of multi-line units is not guaranteed, there may be frequent abnormal protection of the unit, and even damage to the refrigeration core components such as compressors, resulting in poor unit use and normal operation.
  • the invention aims to provide a multi-line unit and an air conditioner of an air conditioner, so as to solve the technical problem that the unit use effect is poor or even cannot be normally operated due to the inability to balance the amount of refrigerant in the multi-line unit in the related art.
  • the present invention provides a multi-line unit for an air conditioner, and the multi-line unit of the air conditioner includes two external units, and the external unit includes:
  • a gas-liquid separator comprising an inlet for introducing refrigerant discharged from the evaporator and an outlet for discharging the gaseous refrigerant, the outlet being in communication with an intake port of the compressor;
  • the refrigerant storage member is communicably connected to the gas-liquid separator to store excess refrigerant when the refrigerant in the external unit is excessive, or to output the refrigerant to the gas-liquid separator when the refrigerant in the external unit is insufficient.
  • the refrigerant storage components of the two external machines can be connected to each other in an open manner, so as to transport the refrigerant of the external machine with excess refrigerant to the external machine with insufficient refrigerant.
  • a pipe connecting the refrigerant storage components of the two external machines is further provided, and a valve is disposed in the pipe.
  • the external machine further includes a compressed refrigerant pipe, and the inlet of the compressed refrigerant pipe is connected to the exhaust port of the compressor, and the outlet of the refrigerant pipe is connected with the refrigerant storage component after the compression.
  • the external machine further includes:
  • a liquid refrigerant pipe connecting the gas-liquid separator and the refrigerant storage member to circulate the liquid refrigerant between the gas-liquid separator and the refrigerant storage member;
  • the gaseous refrigerant pipe is connected to the gas-liquid separator and the refrigerant storage member to make the pressure in the gas-liquid separator and the refrigerant storage member uniform.
  • a first port of the liquid refrigerant pipe is in communication with a bottom of the gas-liquid separator, and a second port of the liquid refrigerant pipe is connected to a bottom of the refrigerant storage member;
  • the first port of the gaseous refrigerant pipe is in communication with the top of the gas-liquid separator, and the second port of the gaseous refrigerant pipe is in communication with the top of the refrigerant storage component.
  • the external machine further includes detecting means for detecting excess or deficiency of the refrigerant in the external machine.
  • the detecting device comprises:
  • a temperature sensor for detecting an exhaust temperature of the compressor or an intake temperature of the compressor or a temperature of a top of the outer casing of the compressor
  • a first pressure sensor for detecting an exhaust pressure of the compressor or an intake pressure of the compressor
  • the exhaust gas temperature of the compressor being higher than the first predetermined temperature or the suction temperature of the compressor being higher than the second predetermined temperature or the temperature of the top of the outer casing of the compressor being higher than the third predetermined temperature, and the row of the compressor
  • the gas pressure is lower than the first predetermined pressure or the suction pressure of the compressor is lower than the second predetermined pressure, it is determined that the external refrigerant is insufficient; the exhaust gas temperature of the compressor is lower than the fourth predetermined temperature or the suction temperature of the compressor is low.
  • the external machine further includes:
  • a second pressure sensor for detecting a pressure in the refrigerant storage member
  • the processor controls the refrigerant storage member to communicate with the gas-liquid separator when the pressure in the refrigerant storage member is greater than a fifth predetermined pressure.
  • an air conditioner optionally, the air conditioner comprising the multi-line unit described above.
  • the refrigerant storage member and the gas-liquid separator can be intermittently connected to store excess refrigerant when the refrigerant in the external machine is excessive, or to output the refrigerant to the gas-liquid separator when the refrigerant in the external machine is insufficient.
  • the refrigerant storage components of the two external machines can be connected to each other in an open manner, so as to transport the refrigerant of the excess external refrigerant to the refrigerant.
  • the external unit of the foot, the multi-line unit of the invention can keep the refrigerant in the outer machine in a normal state, thereby enabling the multi-line unit to operate normally.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an alternative multi-line refrigerant balancing system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an apparatus embodiment of a multi-line refrigerant balancing system is provided.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optional air conditioner having a multi-line unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the multi-line unit of the air conditioner includes two external units, each of which includes:
  • the gas-liquid separators 71, 72 include an inlet for introducing the refrigerant discharged from the evaporator 6 and an outlet for discharging the gaseous refrigerant, the outlet being in communication with the suction ports of the compressors 11, 12;
  • the refrigerant storage members A and a can be connected to the gas-liquid separators 71 and 72 in an open-circuit manner to store excess refrigerant when the refrigerant in the external unit is excessive, or to output the refrigerant to the gas-liquid separator when the refrigerant in the external unit is insufficient.
  • the refrigerant storage members A and a of the two external units can be connected to each other in an open manner, so that the refrigerant of the external machine having excess refrigerant can be transported to the external machine having insufficient refrigerant.
  • the multi-line unit also includes a duct connecting the refrigerant storage parts A, a of the two outer units and valves E, e disposed in the duct.
  • the two ports of the pipe are respectively communicated with the bottoms of the refrigerant storage parts A, a of the two outer machines, so that the liquid refrigerant circulates between the refrigerant storage parts of the two outer machines to balance the refrigerant in the two outer machines.
  • the external machine further includes a compressed refrigerant pipe, and the inlet of the refrigerant pipe after compression is connected with the exhaust port of the compressor, and the outlet of the refrigerant pipe after compression is connected with the refrigerant storage parts A, a to discharge the exhaust ports of the compressors 11, 12
  • the pressure acts on the refrigerant storage members A, a to facilitate the discharge of the refrigerant in the refrigerant storage member.
  • the exhaust port of the compressor is in communication with the top of the refrigerant storage components A, a.
  • the compressed refrigerant pipe is provided with valves D and d for controlling the on and off of the refrigerant pipe after compression.
  • the external unit of the multi-line unit also includes:
  • a liquid refrigerant pipe connecting the gas-liquid separator and the refrigerant storage member to circulate the liquid refrigerant between the gas-liquid separator and the refrigerant storage member;
  • the gaseous refrigerant pipe connects the gas-liquid separators 71, 72 and the refrigerant storage members A, a so that the pressures in the gas-liquid separators 71, 72 and the refrigerant storage members A, a coincide.
  • Valves C and c are arranged in the liquid refrigerant pipe, and valves B and b are arranged in the gas refrigerant pipe.
  • the first port of the liquid refrigerant pipe communicates with the bottom of the gas-liquid separator, and the second port of the liquid refrigerant pipe communicates with the bottom of the refrigerant storage member to circulate the liquid refrigerant between the gas-liquid separator and the refrigerant storage member.
  • the first port of the gaseous refrigerant pipe is in communication with the top of the gas-liquid separator, and the second port of the gaseous refrigerant pipe is in communication with the top of the refrigerant storage member to align the pressure in the gas-liquid separator and the refrigerant storage member.
  • the multi-line unit includes a first external unit, and the first external unit includes:
  • a first gas-liquid separator 71 disposed in the first external unit of the multi-line unit for storing the refrigerant, and the intake port of the first compressor 11 is in communication with the outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 71;
  • the first refrigerant storage component A is disposed in the first external machine for balancing the amount of refrigerant in the first external machine;
  • a first liquid refrigerant pipe is connected between the bottom of the first gas-liquid separator 71 and the first refrigerant storage member A.
  • the first liquid refrigerant pipe is provided with a valve C, wherein the valve C is used to control the liquid refrigerant at the first The gas-liquid separator 71 and the first refrigerant storage member A flow between each other.
  • a first gaseous refrigerant pipe is connected between the top of the first gas-liquid separator 71 and the first refrigerant storage component A.
  • the first state refrigerant pipe is provided with a valve B, wherein the valve B is used to control the gaseous refrigerant at the first The gas-liquid separator 71 and the first refrigerant storage member A flow between each other.
  • valve B and the valve C are in a closed state.
  • the valve B and the valve C are opened to cause the liquid refrigerant in the first gas-liquid separator 71 to flow to the first refrigerant storage member until the valve B and the valve C are closed after returning to normal.
  • the first external unit further includes a first compressed refrigerant passage, and the inlet of the first compressed refrigerant pipeline communicates with the exhaust port of the first compressor 11, and the outlet of the refrigerant pipeline after the first compression and the first refrigerant
  • the storage member A is in communication to apply the pressure of the exhaust port of the first compressor 11 to the first refrigerant storage member A, which is advantageous for discharging the refrigerant in the first refrigerant storage member A.
  • a valve D is disposed in the refrigerant pipe after the first compression.
  • valve C, the valve B, and the valve D are opened until the valve C, the valve B, and the valve D are closed after returning to normal.
  • the multi-line unit includes at least two external units, and the first external unit may be any one of the multi-line units.
  • each of the multi-line units may include: a gas-liquid separator and a refrigerant storage component, wherein two refrigerant pipes are connected between the two, and the two refrigerant pipes are respectively It is a gaseous refrigerant pipe and a liquid refrigerant pipe.
  • each valve will remain closed. Only when there is excess refrigerant and insufficient refrigerant in each external machine, the corresponding valve will be opened to balance the refrigerant in the multi-line unit. .
  • the refrigerant in the first external unit is excessive, it is necessary to open both the valve B and the valve C, so that The gaseous refrigerant in the first refrigerant storage unit A enters the first gas-liquid separator 71 through the first gaseous refrigerant pipe, and the liquid refrigerant in the first gas-liquid separator 71 enters the first refrigerant storage through the first liquid refrigerant pipe.
  • the defect of excess refrigerant in the first outer machine is overcome.
  • opening the valve B makes the pressure in the first refrigerant storage member A coincide with the pressure in the first gas-liquid separator 71, which facilitates the flow of the liquid refrigerant from the first gas-liquid separator 71 into the first refrigerant storage member.
  • valve b and the valve c can be opened in the same manner to overcome the defect of excess refrigerant in the second outer machine, which will not be described herein.
  • the refrigerant balance system of the multi-line unit may be a modular multi-line refrigerant balance system
  • the first outer unit of the multi-line unit includes the first refrigerant storage unit A, the first gas-liquid separator 71, and the valve.
  • the first external machine may further include a first compressor 11, an oil separator 2, a four-way valve 3, an outdoor heat exchanger 4, a throttle member 5, and indoor heat exchange. 6 and so on.
  • the indoor heat exchanger 6 includes an evaporator.
  • a method for setting a multi-line refrigerant balancing system in a multi-line unit is adopted, and the first gas-liquid separator 71 is disposed in the first external unit of the multi-line unit for storing the refrigerant; a cold storage component disposed in the first outer machine for balancing the amount of refrigerant in the first outer machine; the first gaseous refrigerant pipe being connected between the top of the first gas-liquid separator 71 and the first refrigerant storage A, A valve B is disposed thereon, wherein the valve B is for controlling the flow of the gaseous refrigerant between the first gas-liquid separator 71 and the first refrigerant storage member A; the first liquid refrigerant pipe is connected to the first gas-liquid separator 71.
  • a valve C is disposed thereon, wherein the valve C is for controlling the flow of the liquid refrigerant between the first gas-liquid separator 71 and the first refrigerant storage member A.
  • the valve B and the valve C are closed, and when the refrigerant in the first outer machine is excessive, the valve B and the valve C are opened, and the valve B and the valve C are closed after returning to normal.
  • the multi-line unit further includes a second external unit, and the second external unit includes:
  • a second gas-liquid separator 72 disposed in the second external unit of the multi-line unit for storing the refrigerant, and the intake port of the second compressor 12 is in communication with the outlet of the second gas-liquid separator 72;
  • the second refrigerant storage component a is disposed in the second external machine for balancing the amount of refrigerant in the second external machine;
  • a valve b is disposed, wherein the valve b is used to control the flow of the gaseous refrigerant between the second gas-liquid separator 72 and the second refrigerant storage member a;
  • a second liquid refrigerant pipe connected between the bottom of the second gas-liquid separator 72 and the second refrigerant control tank a, on which a valve c is disposed, wherein the valve c is used to control the liquid refrigerant in the second gas-liquid separator Flowing between 72 and the second refrigerant control tank a;
  • valve D, the valve e, and the valve c are both opened, so that the refrigerant in the first refrigerant storage unit A of the first external unit flows to the second external unit.
  • Valve D, valve e and valve c are closed until the amount of refrigerant in the first outer unit and the second outer unit returns to normal.
  • a multi-line unit consisting of two external units:
  • valve B and the valve C of the first external unit are opened, so that the refrigerant in the first gas-liquid separator 71 of the first external unit enters the first refrigerant storage unit.
  • the valve B and the valve C are closed.
  • the refrigerant in the first refrigerant storage A of the first external unit is caused to enter the second external unit. Further, through the parameters such as system temperature and pressure, it is found that after the unit reaches the normal state, the corresponding refrigerant control valve is closed.
  • valve D when the second external machine refrigerant is insufficient and the first external machine refrigerant is excessive, the valve D, the valve C, the valve E of the first outer unit, and the valve e and the valve c of the second outer unit are opened.
  • the switches of the valves in the line unit are adjusted, thereby eliminating the phenomenon of excess refrigerant and insufficient refrigerant in the external unit, and ensuring reliable operation of the multi-line unit.
  • the second external machine further includes a second compressed refrigerant pipe, and the second compressed refrigerant pipe is connected between the second compressor 12 and the second refrigerant storage component a, and the second compressed refrigerant A valve d is provided on the pipe.
  • the valve d is for controlling the flow of the refrigerant between the exhaust port of the second compressor 12 and the second refrigerant storage member a.
  • the valve d and the valve c are first opened to make the second refrigerant storage part a
  • the refrigerant flows to the second gas-liquid separator 72, and after the refrigerant in the second refrigerant storage member a is evacuated, the valve d is closed, and the valve D, the valve E, and the valve e are opened.
  • the specific operation is as follows: if the refrigerant in the second external machine is detected to be insufficient, and the refrigerant in the first external machine is excessive, the valve c and the valve d of the second external machine are first opened, and the second external machine is evacuated.
  • the refrigerant which may exist in the refrigerant storage part a then closes the valve c and the valve d, opens the valve D and the valve E of the first outer machine, and opens the valve e and the valve c of the second outer machine to make the first outer machine
  • the refrigerant in the first refrigerant storage unit A enters the second external unit.
  • determining whether the refrigerant in the second refrigerant storage unit a is emptied includes: determining whether a length of time from the opening of the valve d and the valve c reaches a preset duration; if yes, determining the second refrigerant storage unit a The refrigerant in the medium has been emptied; if not, it is determined that the refrigerant in the second refrigerant storage unit a is not emptied.
  • the specific operation is as follows: if the refrigerant in the second external machine is detected to be insufficient, and the refrigerant in the first machine is excessive, the valve c and the valve d of the second external machine are first opened to evacuate the second refrigerant of the second external machine. Refrigerating refrigerant that may be present in component a; then closing valve c and valve d, optionally closing valve c and valve d after a predetermined length of time (T1 seconds); then opening valve E and valve D of the first outer machine And opening the valve e and the valve c of the second outer unit to cause the refrigerant in the first refrigerant storage unit A of the first outer unit to enter the second outer unit.
  • the method for detecting the amount of refrigerant in each of the plurality of connected units may include: detecting an intake temperature and/or an exhaust temperature of the compressor of each of the external units and/or a top temperature of the compressor.
  • the method for detecting the amount of refrigerant in each of the plurality of connected units may include: detecting an intake temperature and/or an exhaust temperature of the compressor of each external unit and/or a temperature of a top of the compressor, and detecting The high and low voltages of the various external units of the multi-line unit.
  • the high pressure of the external unit includes the compressor discharge pressure, that is, the pressure of the compressed gas discharged from the discharge port of the compressor.
  • the compressor low pressure includes the compressor suction pressure, that is, the refrigerant absorbed by the compressor suction port. pressure.
  • the method for detecting the amount of refrigerant in each of the plurality of connected units may include: detecting a high and low voltage of the external operation of the multi-line unit.
  • the external unit further includes detection means for detecting excess or deficiency of the refrigerant in the external unit.
  • the detection device includes:
  • a temperature sensor for detecting an exhaust temperature of the compressor or an intake temperature of the compressor or a temperature of a top of the outer casing of the compressor
  • a first pressure sensor for detecting an exhaust pressure of the compressor or an intake pressure of the compressor
  • the exhaust gas temperature of the compressor being higher than the first predetermined temperature or the suction temperature of the compressor being higher than the second predetermined temperature or the temperature of the top of the outer casing of the compressor being higher than the third predetermined temperature, and the row of the compressor
  • the gas pressure is lower than the predetermined pressure or the suction pressure of the compressor is lower than the second predetermined pressure, it is determined that the external refrigerant is insufficient; the exhaust gas temperature of the compressor is lower than the fourth predetermined temperature or the suction temperature of the compressor is low.
  • the processor can determine the suction superheat and exhaust superheat of the system by using parameter values such as exhaust temperature, intake temperature and compressor top temperature detected by temperature sensors in the system; Combined with the high and low pressure parameters of the system measured by the pressure sensor, it can be judged whether the amount of refrigerant in the system is appropriate, and each external unit in the unit is marked as a normal state, a supercooled state and an undercooled state according to the amount of the refrigerant.
  • the amount of refrigerant in each external machine is adjusted according to parameters such as the exhaust pressure and the suction pressure of the compressor, the intake temperature of the compressor of each external machine, the exhaust temperature, and the exhaust superheat degree, and the amount of refrigerant is maintained.
  • the whole system is safe, reliable, energy-saving and efficient, eliminating the phenomenon of over-cooling and under-refrigerating.
  • the first external machine may further include: a second pressure sensor, configured to detect the internal pressure of the first refrigerant storage component A when all the refrigerant control valves in the multi-line unit are in a closed state Whether it is higher than the preset value, if it is higher than the preset value, the valve B is opened until the internal pressure of the first refrigerant controlled storage unit A falls to the normal level and then the valve B is closed. If the first refrigerant storage unit A is lower than or equal to the preset value, no processing is performed, and the corresponding refrigerant control valves are kept closed.
  • a second pressure sensor configured to detect the internal pressure of the first refrigerant storage component A when all the refrigerant control valves in the multi-line unit are in a closed state Whether it is higher than the preset value, if it is higher than the preset value, the valve B is opened until the internal pressure of the first refrigerant controlled storage unit A falls to the normal level and then the valve B is closed. If the first refriger
  • the second pressure sensor F is for detecting the pressure in the first refrigerant storage member A
  • the second pressure sensor f is for detecting the pressure in the second refrigerant storage member a.
  • the second pressure sensor F detects the internal pressure of the first refrigerant storage unit A, and if the pressure in the first refrigerant storage unit A is too high, Open valve B of the first external unit until the first refrigerant storage Valve B is closed when the pressure in component A drops to normal.
  • the high pressure sensor may be disposed on the first refrigerant control tank.
  • an air conditioner is provided.
  • the air conditioner includes the multi-line unit of Embodiment 1.

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Abstract

一种空调的多联机机组，包括两个外机，外机包括：压缩机(11,12)；气液分离器(71,72)，包括用于引入蒸发器(6)排出的冷媒的进口和用于排出气态冷媒的出口，出口与压缩机(11,12)的吸气口连通；以及冷媒存储部件(A, a)，与气液分离器(71,72)可通断地连通，以在外机中的冷媒过剩时存储过剩的冷媒，或在外机中的冷媒不足时向气液分离器(71,72)输出冷媒，其中，两个外机的冷媒存储部件(A, a)可通断地连通，以便于将冷媒过剩的外机的冷媒输送至冷媒不足的外机。还公开了具有该多联机机组的空调。解决了目前由于无法平衡多联机机组的各外机中冷媒而造成的机组使用效果差甚至不能正常运行的技术问题。

Description

空调的多联机机组和空调 技术领域
本发明涉及空调领域，具体而言，涉及一种空调的多联机机组和空调。
背景技术
模块化的空调的多联机机组在运行过程中，受外机中阀门控制等因素影响，随着机组负载的变化，多联机机组中的各外机容易出现冷媒分布不均匀的现象，如有的外机冷媒过剩，有的外机冷媒不足。长期在这种状态下运行，多联机机组的可靠性得不到保证，可能会出现机组频繁异常保护，甚至损坏压缩机等制冷核心元器件的状况，导致机组使用效果差，不能正常运行。
针对上述问题，目前尚未提出有效的解决方案。
发明内容
本发明旨在提出一种空调的多联机机组和空调，以解决相关技术中由于无法平衡多联机机组中冷媒量造成的机组使用效果差甚至不能正常运行的技术问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种空调的多联机机组，空调的多联机机组包括两个外机，外机包括：
压缩机；
气液分离器，包括用于引入蒸发器排出的冷媒的进口和用于排出气态冷媒的出口，出口与压缩机的吸气口连通；以及
冷媒存储部件，与气液分离器可通断地连通，以在外机中的冷媒过剩时存储过剩的冷媒，或在外机中的冷媒不足时向气液分离器输出冷媒，
其中，两个外机的冷媒存储部件可通断地连通，以便于将冷媒过剩的外机的冷媒输送至冷媒不足的外机。
可选地，还包括连通两个外机的冷媒存储部件的管道，管道中设置有阀。
可选地，外机还包括压缩后冷媒管道，压缩后冷媒管道的进口与压缩机的排气口连通，压缩后冷媒管道的出口与冷媒存储部件连通。
可选地，外机还包括：
液态冷媒管道，连通气液分离器和冷媒储存部件，以使液态冷媒在气液分离器和冷媒储存部件之间流通；以及
气态冷媒管道，连通气液分离器和冷媒储存部件，以使气液分离器和冷媒储存部件内的压力一致。
可选地，
液态冷媒管道的第一端口与气液分离器的底部连通，液态冷媒管道的第二端口与冷媒储存部件的底部连通；或
气态冷媒管道的第一端口与气液分离器的顶部连通，气态冷媒管道的第二端口与冷媒储存部件的顶部连通。
可选地，外机还包括用于检测外机中的冷媒过剩或不足的检测装置。
可选地，检测装置包括：
温度传感器，用于检测压缩机的排气温度或压缩机的吸气温度或压缩机的外壳的顶部的温度；
第一压力传感器，用于检测压缩机的排气压力或压缩机的吸气压力；以及
处理器，在压缩机的排气温度高于第一预定温度或压缩机的吸气温度高于第二预定温度或压缩机的外壳的顶部的温度高于第三预定温度，且压缩机的排气压力低于第一预定压力或压缩机的吸气压力低于第二预定压力时，判定外机冷媒不足；在压缩机的排气温度低于第四预定温度或压缩机的吸气温度低于第五预定温度或压缩机的外壳的顶部的温度低于第五预定温度、且压缩机的排气压力高于第三预定压力或压缩机的吸气压力高于第四预定压力时，判定外机冷媒过剩。
可选地，外机还包括：
第二压力传感器，用于检测冷媒存储部件内的压力；
处理器，在冷媒存储部件内的压力大于第五预定压力时，控制冷媒存储部件与气液分离器连通。
根据本发明的另一方面，还提供了一种空调，可选地，空调包括上述的多联机机组。
应用本发明的技术方案，冷媒存储部件与气液分离器可通断地连通，以在外机中的冷媒过剩时存储过剩的冷媒，或在外机中的冷媒不足时向气液分离器输出冷媒，两个外机的冷媒存储部件可通断地连通，以便于将冷媒过剩的外机的冷媒输送至冷媒不 足的外机，本发明的多联机机组能够使得外机中的冷媒保持在正常状态，从而使得多联机机组能够正常运行。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是根据本发明实施例的一种可选的多联机冷媒平衡系统的示意图。
附图标记说明
11、第一压缩机；12、第一压缩机；2、油分离器；3、四通阀；4、室外换热器；5、节流部件；6、室内换热器；71、第一气液分离器；72、第二气液分离器；A、第一冷媒存储部件；F、第一冷媒存储部件的压力传感器；a、第二冷媒存储部件；f、第二冷媒存储部件的压力传感器。
具体实施方式
以下详细说明本发明。在以下段落中，更为详细地限定了实施例的不同方面。如此限定的各方面可与任何其他的一个方面或多个方面组合，除非明确指出不可组合。尤其是，被认为是优选的或有利的任何特征可与其他一个或多个被认为是优选的或有利的特征。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本发明的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的 任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
实施例1
根据本发明实施例，提供了一种多联机冷媒平衡系统的装置实施例。
图1是根据本发明实施例的一种可选的具有多联机机组的空调的示意图，如图1所示，空调的多联机机组包括两个外机，每个外机均包括：
压缩机11、12；
气液分离器71、72，包括用于引入蒸发器6排出的冷媒的进口和用于排出气态冷媒的出口，该出口与压缩机11、12的吸气口连通；以及
冷媒存储部件A、a，与气液分离器71、72可通断地连通，以在外机中的冷媒过剩时存储过剩的冷媒，或在外机中的冷媒不足时向气液分离器输出冷媒，
其中，两个外机的冷媒存储部件A、a可通断地连通，以便于将冷媒过剩的外机的冷媒输送至冷媒不足的外机。
多联机机组还包括连通两个外机的冷媒存储部件A、a的管道和设置在管道中的阀E、e。
管道的两个端口分别与两个外机的冷媒储存部件A、a的底部连通，以使液态冷媒在两个外机的冷媒存储部件之间流通，以平衡两个外机中的冷媒。
外机还包括压缩后冷媒管道，压缩后冷媒管道的进口与压缩机的排气口连通，压缩后冷媒管道的出口与冷媒存储部件A、a连通，以将压缩机11、12的排气口的压力作用于冷媒存储部件A、a内，有利于排出冷媒存储部件中的冷媒。可选地，压缩机的排气口与冷媒存储部件A、a的顶部连通。
压缩后冷媒管道中设置有阀D、d，用于控制压缩后冷媒管道的通断。
多联机机组的外机还包括：
液态冷媒管道，连通气液分离器和冷媒储存部件，以使液态冷媒在气液分离器和冷媒储存部件之间流通；以及
气态冷媒管道，连通气液分离器71、72和冷媒储存部件A、a，以使气液分离器71、72和冷媒储存部件A、a内的压力一致。
液态冷媒管道中设有阀C、c，气态冷媒管道中设有阀B、b。
液态冷媒管道的第一端口与气液分离器的底部连通，液态冷媒管道的第二端口与冷媒储存部件的底部连通，以使液态冷媒在气液分离器和冷媒储存部件之间流通。
气态冷媒管道的第一端口与气液分离器的顶部连通，气态冷媒管道的第二端口与冷媒储存部件的顶部连通，以使气液分离器和冷媒储存部件内的压力一致。
如图1所示，多联机机组包括第一外机，第一外机包括：
第一压缩机11；
第一气液分离器71，设置在多联机机组中的第一外机中，用于存储冷媒，第一压缩机11的吸气口与第一气液分离器71的出口连通；
第一冷媒存储部件A，设置在第一外机中，用于平衡第一外机中的冷媒量；
第一液态冷媒管道，连接在第一气液分离器71的底部和第一冷媒存储部件A之间，第一液态冷媒管道上设置有阀C，其中，阀C用于控制液态冷媒在第一气液分离器71和第一冷媒存储部件A之间流动。
第一气态冷媒管道，连接在第一气液分离器71的顶部和第一冷媒存储部件A之间，第一态冷媒管道上设置有阀B，其中，阀B用于控制气态冷媒在第一气液分离器71和第一冷媒存储部件A之间流动。
其中，在第一外机的冷媒量正常时，阀B和阀C处于关闭状态。在第一外机冷媒过剩时，打开阀B和阀C，以使第一气液分离器71中的液态冷媒流向第一冷媒存储部件，直到恢复正常后再关闭阀B和阀C。
本实施例中，第一外机还包括第一压缩后冷媒通道，第一压缩后冷媒管道的进口与第一压缩机11的排气口连通，第一压缩后冷媒管道的出口与第一冷媒存储部件A连通，以将第一压缩机11的排气口的压力作用于第一冷媒存储部件A中，有利于排出第一冷媒存储部件A中的冷媒。第一压缩后冷媒管道中设置有阀D。
可选地，在第一外机中冷媒过剩时，打开阀C、阀B和阀D，直到恢复正常后再关闭阀C、阀B和阀D。
上述多联机机组包括至少两个外机，并且，上述第一外机可以是多联机机组中的任意一个外机。换言之，在本发明实施例中，多联机机组中的每个外机都可以包括：一个气液分离器和一个冷媒存储部件，上述两者之间连接有两根冷媒管道，两个冷媒管道分别为气态冷媒管道和液态冷媒管道。
实施时，若各外机中的冷媒量都正常，则每个阀都保持关闭状态，只有在各外机出现冷媒过剩和冷媒不足时，才会打开相应的阀来平衡多联机机组中的冷媒。
如图1所示，若第一外机中的冷媒过剩时，需要使得阀B和阀C都打开，这样， 第一冷媒存储部件A中的气态的冷媒通过第一气态冷媒管道进入第一气液分离器71中，而第一气液分离器71中的液态冷媒通过第一液态冷媒管道进入第一冷媒存储部件A中，以克服第一外机中冷媒过剩的缺陷。需要说明的是，打开阀B使得第一冷媒存储部件A中的压力与第一气液分离器71中的压力一致，有利于液态冷媒从第一气液分离器71中流入第一冷媒存储部件A中。
同理，若第二外机中的冷媒过剩时，也可以以同样方式使得阀b和阀c都打开，以克服第二外机存在冷媒过剩的缺陷，在此不再赘述。
需要说明的是，上述多联机机组的冷媒平衡系统可以是模块化多联机冷媒平衡系统，多联机机组的第一外机除了包括上述第一冷媒存储部件A、第一气液分离器71以及阀B和阀C之外，如图1所示，第一外机还可以包括第一压缩机11、油分离器2、四通阀3、室外换热器4、节流部件5和室内换热器6等。室内换热器6包括蒸发器。
通过本发明实施例，采用在多联机机组中设置多联机冷媒平衡系统的方式，通过第一气液分离器71，设置在多联机机组中的第一外机中，用于存储冷媒；第一冷存储部件，设置在第一外机中，用于平衡第一外机中的冷媒量；第一气态冷媒管道，连接在第一气液分离器71的顶部和第一冷媒存储之间A，其上设置有阀B，其中，阀B用于控制气态冷媒在第一气液分离器71和第一冷媒存储部件A之间流动；第一液态冷媒管道，连接在第一气液分离器71的底部和第一冷媒冷媒存储部件A之间，其上设置有阀C，其中，阀C用于控制液态冷媒在第一气液分离器71和第一冷媒存储部件A之间流动。其中，在第一外机的冷媒量正常时，使得阀B和阀C关闭，在第一外机中冷媒过剩时，使得阀B和阀C打开，直到恢复正常后再关闭阀B和阀C，以达到平衡多联机机组中各外机的冷媒的目的，从而实现了提高多联机机组的使用效果，防止其不能正常运行的技术效果，进而解决了相关技术中由于无法平衡多联机中冷媒量造成的机组使用效果差甚至不能正常运行的技术问题。
如图1所示，多联机机组还包括第二外机，第二外机包括：
第二压缩机12；
第二气液分离器72，设置在多联机机组中的第二外机中，用于存储冷媒，第二压缩机12的吸气口与第二气液分离器72的出口连通；
第二冷媒存储部件a，设置在第二外机中，用于平衡第二外机中的冷媒量；
第二气态冷媒管道，连接在第二气液分离器72的顶部和第二冷媒存储部件a之 间，第二态冷媒管道上设置有阀b，其中，阀b用于控制气态冷媒在第二气液分离器72和第二冷媒存储部件a之间流动；
第二液态冷媒管道，连接在第二气液分离器72的底部和第二冷媒控制罐a之间，其上设置有阀c，其中，阀c用于控制液态冷媒在第二气液分离器72和第二冷媒控制罐a之间流动；
在第一外机冷媒过剩且第二外机冷媒不足时，使得阀D、阀e和阀c都打开，以使第一外机的第一冷媒存储部件A中的冷媒流向第二外机，直到第一外机和第二外机的冷媒量都恢复正常后再关闭阀D、阀e和阀c。
例如，如图1所示，以多联机机组包含2台外机为例：
(1)正常状态时，多联机机组系统中冷媒处于平衡状态，无需再进行冷媒平衡处理，此时，各阀均关闭；
(2)如果检测到只有第一外机中冷媒过剩时，则打开第一外机的阀B和阀C，使第一外机的第一气液分离器71中冷媒进入第一冷媒存储部件A中，直到第一外机中的冷媒量判定为正常为后，再关闭阀B和阀C。
(3)如果检测到第二外机冷媒不足，而第一外机冷媒过剩，则使第一外机的第一冷媒存储A中的冷媒进入第二外机中。进一步，通过系统温度、压力等参数判断，发现机组达到正常状态后，关闭相应的冷媒控制阀。
可选地，在第二外机冷媒不足、且第一外机冷媒过剩时，打开第一外机的阀D、阀C、阀E和第二外机的阀e、阀c。
通过本发明实施例，根据多联机机组中各外机的冷媒量，调节联机机组中各阀的开关，可以消除外机中冷媒过剩、冷媒不足的现象，保证多联机机组可靠运行。
作为一种可选的实施例，第二外机还包括第二压缩后冷媒管道，第二压缩后冷媒管道连接在第二压缩机12和第二冷媒存储部件a之间，第二压缩后冷媒管道上设置有阀d。
阀d用于控制冷媒在第二压缩机12的排气口和第二冷媒存储部件a之间流动。
可选地，在第一外机中冷媒过剩且第二外机冷媒不足时，在打开阀D、阀E和阀c之前，首先打开阀d和阀c以使第二冷媒存储部件a中的冷媒流向第二气液分离器72，在排空第二冷媒存储部件a中的冷媒后再关闭阀d，并打开阀D、阀E和阀e。
如图1所示，由于第二外机中的第二冷媒存储部件a中可能本身就有一些冷媒， 在这种情况下，需要平衡第一外机和第二外机中的冷媒时，需要先将第二冷媒存储部件a中的冷媒排空。
具体操作如下：如果检测到第二外机中的冷媒不足，而第一外机中的冷媒过剩，则首先打开第二外机的阀c及阀d，用于排空第二外机的第二冷媒储存部件a中可能存在的冷媒，接着关闭阀c及阀d，打开第一外机的阀D和阀E，并打开第二外机的阀e和阀c，以使第一外机的第一冷媒存储部件A中的冷媒进入第二外机中。
进一步，通过系统温度、压力等参数判断外机中的冷媒的是否过剩或不足，发现多联机机组的各个外机中的冷媒达到正常状态后，关闭相应的阀。
作为一种可选的实施例，判断第二冷媒存储部件a中的冷媒是否排空包括：判断从阀d和阀c打开的时长是否达到预设时长；若是，则确定第二冷媒存储部件a中的冷媒已排空；若否，则确定第二冷媒存储部件a中的冷媒未排空。
如图1所示，为了防止第二外机中的第二冷媒存储部件a中的可能本身存在的冷媒在排放时无法排干净或者排放时间过长，优选地，可以设置一定的预设时长，这样，可以避免上述问题。
具体操作如下：如果检测到第二外机中冷媒不足，而第一机中冷媒过剩，则首先打开第二外机的阀c及阀d，以用于排空第二外机的第二冷媒存储部件a中可能存在的冷媒；接着关闭阀c及阀d，可选地在经过预设时长(T1秒)后关闭阀c及阀d；然后再打开第一外机的阀E和阀D，并打开第二外机的阀e和阀c，使第一外机的第一冷媒存储部件A中的冷媒进入第二外机中。
进一步，通过系统温度、压力等参数判断外机中的冷媒的是否过剩或不足，发现多联机机组的各个外机达到正常状态后，关闭相应的阀。
需要说明的是，基于上述实施例，至少可以通过以下方式中的一种或几种来检测各外机是否正常：
方式一，检测多联机机组中的各外机中的冷媒量的方法可以包括：检测各外机的压缩机的吸气温度和/或排气温度和/或压缩机的壳顶温度。
方式二，检测多联机机组中的各外机中的冷媒量的方法可以包括：检测各外机的压缩机的吸气温度和/或排气温度和/或压缩机的壳顶温度，并检测多联机机组的各个外机运行的高低压。外机的高压包括压缩机排气压力，即压缩机排气口的排出的压缩后的气体的压力。压缩机低压包括压缩机吸气压力，即压缩机吸气口所吸收的冷媒的 压力。
方式三，检测多联机机组中的各外机中的冷媒量的方法可以包括：检测多联机机组的外机运行的高低压。
外机还包括用于检测外机中的冷媒过剩或不足的检测装置。检测装置包括：
温度传感器，用于检测压缩机的排气温度或压缩机的吸气温度或压缩机的外壳的顶部的温度；
第一压力传感器，用于检测压缩机的排气压力或压缩机的吸气压力；以及
处理器，在压缩机的排气温度高于第一预定温度或压缩机的吸气温度高于第二预定温度或压缩机的外壳的顶部的温度高于第三预定温度，且压缩机的排气压力低于低于预定压力或压缩机的吸气压力低于第二预定压力时，判定外机冷媒不足；在压缩机的排气温度低于第四预定温度或压缩机的吸气温度低于第五预定温度或压缩机的外壳的顶部的温度低于第五预定温度、且压缩机的排气压力高于第三预定压力或压缩机的吸气压力高于第四预定压力时，判定外机冷媒过剩。
实施时，处理器可以通过系统中的温度传感器检测到的各压缩机的排气温度、吸气温度和压缩机壳顶温度等参数值，得出系统的吸气过热度、排气过热度；再结合压力传感器测得的系统高低压参数，可以判断系统中的冷媒量是否合适，将机组中的各外机根据冷媒量情况标记为正常状态、过冷媒状态和欠冷媒状态。
通过本发明实施例，根据压缩机的排气压力和吸气压力、各外机的压缩机的吸气温度、排气温度以及排气过热度等参数，调节各个外机中的冷媒量，保持整机系统安全可靠、节能高效运行，消除过冷媒、欠冷媒现象。
作为一种可选的实施例，第一外机还可以包括：第二压力传感器，用于在多联机机组中所有的冷媒控制阀都处于关闭状态时，检测第一冷媒存储部件A的内压力是否高于预设值，若高于预设值，则打开阀B，直到第一冷媒控存储部件A的内压力降至正常水平再关闭阀B。若第一冷媒存储部件A低于或等于预设值，则不做任何处理，保持对应的各冷媒控制阀关闭。
如图1所示，第二压力传感器F为用于检测第一冷媒存储部件A内的压力，第二压力传感器f用于检测第二冷媒存储部件a内的压力。如图1所示，当多联机机组中所有的阀均处于关闭状态时，第二压力传感器F检测第一冷媒存储部件A的内压力，如果第一冷媒存储部件A内压力过高时，则打开第一外机的阀B，直到第一冷媒存储 部件A内的压力降至正常水平为止，再关闭阀B。
作为一种可选的实施例，上述高压传感器可以设置在第一冷媒控制罐上。
实施例2
根据本发明实施例，提供了一种空调。该空调包括实施例1中多联机机组。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种空调的多联机机组，其特征在于，包括两个外机，所述外机包括：
    压缩机；
    气液分离器，包括用于引入蒸发器排出的冷媒的进口和用于排出气态冷媒的出口，所述出口与所述压缩机的吸气口连通；以及
    冷媒存储部件，与所述气液分离器可通断地连通，以在所述外机中的冷媒过剩时存储过剩的冷媒，或在所述外机中的冷媒不足时向所述气液分离器输出冷媒，
    其中，两个所述外机的所述冷媒存储部件可通断地连通，以便于将冷媒过剩的所述外机的冷媒输送至冷媒不足的所述外机。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多联机机组，其特征在于，还包括连通两个所述外机的所述冷媒存储部件的管道，所述管道中设置有阀。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的多联机机组，其特征在于，所述外机还包括压缩后冷媒管道，所述压缩后冷媒管道的进口与所述压缩机的排气口连通，所述压缩后冷媒管道的出口与所述冷媒存储部件连通。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的多联机机组，其特征在于，所述外机还包括：
    液态冷媒管道，连通所述气液分离器和所述冷媒储存部件，以使液态冷媒在所述气液分离器和所述冷媒储存部件之间流通；以及
    气态冷媒管道，连通所述气液分离器和所述冷媒储存部件，以使所述气液分离器和所述冷媒储存部件内的压力一致。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的多联机机组，其特征在于，
    所述液态冷媒管道的第一端口与所述气液分离器的底部连通，所述液态冷媒管道的第二端口与所述冷媒储存部件的底部连通；或
    所述气态冷媒管道的第一端口与所述气液分离器的顶部连通，所述气态冷媒管道的第二端口与所述冷媒储存部件的顶部连通。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的多联机机组，其特征在于，所述外机还包括用于检测所述外机中的冷媒过剩或不足的检测装置。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的多联机机组，其特征在于，所述检测装置包括：
    温度传感器，用于检测所述压缩机的排气温度或所述压缩机的吸气温度或所述压 缩机的外壳的顶部的温度；
    第一压力传感器，用于检测所述压缩机的排气压力或所述压缩机的吸气压力；以及
    处理器，在所述压缩机的排气温度高于第一预定温度或所述压缩机的吸气温度高于第二预定温度或所述压缩机的外壳的顶部的温度高于第三预定温度，且所述压缩机的排气压力低于第一预定压力或所述压缩机的吸气压力低于第二预定压力时，判定所述外机冷媒不足；在所述压缩机的排气温度低于第四预定温度或所述压缩机的吸气温度低于第五预定温度或所述压缩机的外壳的顶部的温度低于第五预定温度、且所述压缩机的排气压力高于第三预定压力或所述压缩机的吸气压力高于第四预定压力时，判定所述外机冷媒过剩。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的多联机机组，其特征在于，所述外机还包括：
    第二压力传感器，用于检测所述冷媒存储部件内的压力；
    处理器，在所述冷媒存储部件内的压力大于第五预定压力时，控制所述冷媒存储部件与所述气液分离器连通。
  9. 一种空调，其特征在于，包括权利要求1所述的多联机机组。
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