WO2018082507A1 - 一种永磁直线电机及直线振动器 - Google Patents

一种永磁直线电机及直线振动器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018082507A1
WO2018082507A1 PCT/CN2017/108125 CN2017108125W WO2018082507A1 WO 2018082507 A1 WO2018082507 A1 WO 2018082507A1 CN 2017108125 W CN2017108125 W CN 2017108125W WO 2018082507 A1 WO2018082507 A1 WO 2018082507A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
motor
stator
vibrator
linear motor
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PCT/CN2017/108125
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄仲冬
尹艳辉
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深圳市华一传动技术有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳市华一传动技术有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市华一传动技术有限公司
Priority to EP17867333.1A priority Critical patent/EP3457548B1/en
Priority to US16/308,454 priority patent/US10855155B2/en
Priority to ES17867333T priority patent/ES2916841T3/es
Publication of WO2018082507A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018082507A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/16—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with polarised armatures moving in alternate directions by reversal or energisation of a single coil system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a permanent magnet linear motor and an application field thereof, in particular to a permanent magnet linear motor and a linear vibrator.
  • a linear vibrator is a component that converts electrical energy into mechanical vibration by using the principle of generating electromagnetic force.
  • a leaf spring linear actuator is commonly used in mobile phones, tablet PCs, or portable electronic devices due to its long service life and short response time. Wait for the device.
  • Linear actuators are currently limited in their ability to increase the amount of vibration due to their size limitations and motor limitations.
  • the coil winding of the current permanent magnet linear motor generates electromagnetic force after being energized, and interacts with the magnetic force of the permanent magnet to drive the motor drive shaft to reciprocate linearly.
  • the existing permanent magnet motor usually uses the inner and outer iron cores to solve the overall magnetic circuit of the motor. The presence of the inner and outer iron core increases the air gap between the iron core and the permanent magnet, the iron core and the iron core, so that the motor is large in volume, large in air gap, and magnetic. Incomplete roads result in insufficient use of magnetic and electromagnetic forces to reduce motor power and efficiency.
  • the present invention provides a permanent magnet linear motor and a linear vibrator.
  • a permanent magnet as a magnetic source, the stator core and the permanent magnet, the stator core and the stator core are reduced.
  • the gap is convenient to form a complete magnetic circuit to improve the effective power and working efficiency of the motor.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • the invention provides a permanent magnet linear motor comprising a stator assembly, a mover assembly and a motor housing; the stator assembly and the mover assembly are mounted in the motor housing; wherein:
  • the mover assembly includes a drive shaft, a coupling bracket and a permanent magnet; both ends of the transmission shaft extend from the inside of the motor, and a coupling bracket is fixedly disposed in a middle portion of the transmission shaft, and the permanent magnet is fixedly fitted to the coupling shaft Inside the bracket;
  • the stator assembly comprises a stator core, a winding skeleton and a winding coil.
  • the stator core is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the motor casing, and the stator core is radially provided with a tooth structure to form a winding skeleton, and a winding coil is arranged on the winding skeleton.
  • the motor housing is internally provided with a first end cap at each end of the stator assembly, and the first end cap is fixed to both ends of the stator assembly.
  • a second end cover is disposed at two ends of the motor casing, and a shaft hole is disposed in the middle of the second end cover, and two of the transmission shafts are The end passes through the shaft hole.
  • the two sides of the coupling bracket are disposed parallel to the propeller shaft, the strut is provided with a rail hole, and the rail hole is provided with a guide rail, and both ends of the rail pass through the coupling bracket to abut the second end cover .
  • the permanent magnets are one or more layers, and the permanent magnets are assembled in an axial direction; the stator core is stamped from a silicon steel sheet, and the stator core includes two or more toothed structures.
  • the present invention also provides a linear vibrator including the above permanent magnet linear motor.
  • a vibrator housing is further included, and the vibrator housing end is provided with a vibrating body.
  • one end of the permanent magnet linear motor drive shaft is connected to the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the vibrating core, and the vibrating core is connected to the vibrating body.
  • the vibrating core and the vibrating body are in a flat shape, and the vibrating core connects the vibrating body by a vibration spring.
  • the method further includes a power module and a control module disposed in the vibrator housing, and the control module is connected to the permanent magnet linear motor.
  • the present invention provides a permanent magnet linear motor and a linear vibrator, which have the following beneficial effects:
  • the permanent magnet linear motor and the linear vibrator provided by the invention adopt a permanent magnet as a magnetic source, and a reasonable air gap is left outside the surface of the permanent magnet to respectively correspond to the corresponding stator assembly, thereby effectively reducing the permanent magnet, the iron core and the iron core and The air gap between the cores makes full use of the generated electromagnetic energy to form a complete magnetic circuit, which improves the effective power and working efficiency of the motor, and solves the problem that the existing motor has large volume, large air gap and incomplete magnetic circuit, resulting in magnetic force and electromagnetic force. Defects that cannot be fully utilized.
  • the permanent magnet linear motor and the linear vibrator provided by the present invention form a whole by fitting a permanent magnet to the coupling bracket of the transmission shaft, and the winding coil is wound around the stator core to form a stator assembly, and the stator is fixed on the inner side of the casing.
  • the magnetic force distribution of the permanent magnet is uniform, and the air gap between the mover assembly and the stator assembly is effectively reduced, and the utility model has the characteristics of small volume, high power, low energy consumption and high efficiency.
  • the stator core of the permanent magnet linear motor and the linear vibrator provided by the present invention comprises two or more tooth-shaped structures, and the multi-tooth stator core is formed by lamination of the tooth-shaped structure, and the multi-tooth stator core corresponds to the permanent
  • the two poles of the magnet are arranged in groups of multiples; the coil windings may be axially wound on the winding bobbin of the core yoke according to the power and size of the motor, or wound in a winding skeleton of the core teeth or in a plurality of cores.
  • the permanent magnet adopts one or more layers, and is a flat type, and the multi-layer permanent magnet structure is layered and assembled in the axial direction, and the multilayer permanent magnet of the motor
  • a plurality of reverse magnetic fields can be formed by alternating reverse magnetization processes of each layer of permanent magnets, and interactions with the electromagnetic forces generated by the poles of the stator core can be used to push and pull the mover components, and finally a complete motor is formed.
  • the power system improves the working efficiency of the motor.
  • the permanent magnet linear motor and the linear vibrator provided by the invention provide a first end cover at both ends of the stator assembly inside the motor casing, so that the first end cover is mounted on both ends of the stator assembly to realize positioning and fixing, and the stator is prevented.
  • the movement and looseness of the assembly; the two ends of the guide rail provided in the coupling bracket are fastened by the second end cover to prevent the looseness of the guide rail or the movement of the axial direction. It plays a role in guiding and positioning the motor mover assembly; using a spring sleeve (or using a silicone gasket) at the end of the rail serves to strengthen and push the linear reciprocating motion of the mover assembly.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic exploded view of a permanent magnet linear motor according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a linear vibrator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a linear vibrator according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the terms “set”, “install”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed connections, for example, unless otherwise specifically defined and defined. It can also be a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be internal communication between the two elements.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • the permanent magnet linear motor includes a stator assembly, a mover assembly, and a motor housing 6.
  • the stator assembly and the mover assembly are mounted within the motor housing 6. among them:
  • the mover assembly includes a drive shaft 1, a shaft bracket 9 and a permanent magnet 2. Both ends of the transmission shaft 1 extend from the inside of the motor, and the coupling bracket 9 is fixedly disposed in the middle of the transmission shaft 1.
  • the permanent magnet 2 is fixedly fitted into the coupling bracket 9, and the permanent magnet 2 and the coupling bracket 9 are integrally formed.
  • the stator assembly includes a stator core 4, a winding bobbin 11, and a winding coil 8.
  • the stator core 4 is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the motor casing 6, and the stator core 4 is radially provided with a toothed structure to form the winding bobbin 11.
  • a winding coil 8 is disposed on the winding bobbin 11, and the winding coil 8 is wound around the winding bobbin 11 on the surface of the stator core 4 to constitute a stator assembly.
  • the stator assembly and the mover assembly are kept at a certain distance so as to provide a certain gap therebetween.
  • the magnetic force distribution of the permanent magnet 2 is uniform, and the air gap between the mover assembly and the stator assembly is effectively reduced.
  • the gap between the stator assembly and the mover assembly is specifically between 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm.
  • a first end cap 5 and a first end cap 5' are disposed at both ends of the stator assembly.
  • the first end cover 5 and the first end cover 5' are fixed on both ends of the stator assembly, and are installed on both ends of the stator assembly to realize positioning and fixing, thereby preventing movement and looseness of the stator assembly, thereby avoiding problems and hidden dangers in the operation of the motor. .
  • a second end cover 7 and a second end cover 7' are further disposed at both ends of the motor casing 6.
  • the second end cover 7 and the second end cover 7' are fixed to the motor housing 6 to form an internal space, and the stator assembly and the mover assembly are mounted inside to form a complete linear motor.
  • a shaft hole 71 is disposed in the middle of the second end cover, and both ends of the transmission shaft 1 pass through the shaft hole 71 to extend out of the permanent magnet linear motor.
  • the two sides of the coupling bracket 9 are provided with pillars 91 parallel to the transmission shaft, the pillars 91 are provided with rail holes, and the rails are provided with guide rails 100. Both ends of the guide rail 100 pass through the pillar 91 of the coupling bracket 9 and abut against the second end cover 7. Both ends of the guide rail 100 are fixed in the second end cover 7 and the second end cover 7', and do not penetrate the end cover 7 to prevent the rail from loosening or axial movement, thereby playing a guiding and positioning action on the motor mover assembly.
  • a spring 3 is disposed on the end of the guide rail 100 (a silicone pad may also be disposed at the end of the guide rail), and the spring 3 is sleeved on the guide rail 100, thereby enhancing and pushing the linear reciprocating motion of the mover assembly.
  • the working efficiency of the motor is further improved.
  • the permanent magnet 2 adopts one or more layers of structure, which is a flat type, and the multi-layer permanent magnet structure is layered and assembled along the axial direction. Specifically, the number and layer of permanent magnets of the mover assembly can be increased or decreased according to the motor power and the size of the motor. number.
  • the multi-layer permanent magnet of the motor can form a plurality of reverse magnetic fields through the alternating reverse magnetization process of each layer of permanent magnets, and interact with the electromagnetic force generated by the poles of the stator core 4 to push and pull the mover assembly. Role, and finally form a complete motor power system.
  • the stator core 4 is stamped from a silicon steel sheet, and the stator core 4 includes two or more toothed structures through The tooth-shaped structure is laminated to form a multi-tooth stator core, and the tooth-shaped structure of the stator core 4 is a winding bobbin 11, the multi-tooth stator core is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the poles of the permanent magnet 2, and the winding coil 8 is wound along the winding bobbin 11
  • the coil may select the yoke of the coil winding 8 axially wound around the stator core 4, the tooth portion of the radial winding stator core 4 or the same layer of teeth of the plurality of stator cores 4 Different winding structures such as coils are wound in the circumferential direction between the grooves.
  • the number of the stator cores 4 is one group or more, and is selected according to the power required by the motor and the size of the motor. After winding the winding coils, after the coil windings are energized, the strings of the series and parallel are connected to each other to form an induced magnetic field, and The magnetic field of the permanent magnet 2 is matched to drive the mover assembly to generate a reciprocating oscillating motion, which drives the drive shaft 1 to reciprocally output power to form a complete motor power system.
  • the permanent magnet linear motor provided by the invention has a complete power system, and the external device is connected through the two ends of the transmission shaft 1 to realize the reciprocating compression and pushing of the cylinder device, and has the advantages of high efficiency and low consumption, and can be applied to an engine, a compressor, Air pumps, oil pumps, water pumps, telescopic robots, vibration equipment and various types of door locks.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a linear vibrator according to an embodiment of the present invention, which can be used as an adult product such as a vibrating rod.
  • the linear vibrator in this embodiment includes a permanent magnet linear motor 10 and a vibrator housing 20.
  • a portion of the drive shaft 1 (not shown) of the permanent magnet linear motor 10 extending from one end is connected to the connecting rod 51, and the other end of the connecting rod 51 is connected to the vibrating core 50.
  • the vibrating body 22 is provided at the end of the vibrator case 20, and the vibrating body 22 is connected to the vibrating core 50 to receive the output of the vibration force.
  • the vibrator further includes a power module 40 disposed inside the vibrator housing 20 and a control module 30 that connects and controls the permanent magnet linear motor.
  • the vibrator housing 20 is made of a silicone material and is provided with a telescopic portion 21, as shown in FIG. 2, which can be disposed on the side of the vibrator housing 20, and the vibrator housing 20 is preferably produced in a linear vibration reciprocating motion by providing the telescopic portion 21. Deformation to achieve the effect of vibration.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a linear vibrator according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, which can be used as a fitness vibration device.
  • the linear vibrator in this embodiment is connected to the vibrating core 50 of the permanent magnet linear motor 10 via the connecting rod 51 as a flat plate, and the flat vibrating core 50 is used as a power conversion plate of the permanent magnet linear motor to better perform the kinetic energy of the motor. Transfer and conversion.
  • the vibrating body 22 is also in the form of a flat plate.
  • the vibrating body 22 serves as a massage vibration platform, and the flat vibrating core 50 is connected to the flat vibrating body 22 via the vibrating spring 52.
  • the vibration spring 52 is a pair of symmetrically disposed springs, and the vibration force of the vibration core 50 can be better transmitted to the vibrating body 22 by the spring, so that the vibrating body 22 achieves a better vibration or massage effect.
  • a display 23 may be disposed on the flat vibrating body 22, and the display 23 is connected to the control module 30 for displaying data such as the number of vibrations of the vibrator, the frequency, the calories burned by the body, or the temperature of the room.
  • the vibrator provided by the invention can realize the reciprocating oscillation movement of the vibrator by using the linear driving principle of the motor, and is preferably applied to an adult product such as a vibrating rod or a fitness vibration device, and can also be applied to daily life appliances such as an electric toothbrush and each. Class beauty equipment and other equipment.

Abstract

一种永磁直线电机及直线振动器，直线振动器包括永磁直线电机，永磁直线电机包括定子组件、动子组件以及电机外壳（6），定子组件和动子组件安装于电机外壳内（6），动子组件包括传动轴（1）、连轴支架（9）以及永磁体（2），传动轴（1）中部固定设置连轴支架（9），永磁体（2）固定嵌合于连轴支架（9）内；定子组件包括定子铁芯（4）、绕组骨架（11）以及绕组线圈（8），定子铁芯（4）固定安装于电机外壳（6）内侧，定子铁芯（4）径向设置齿形结构构成绕组骨架（11），绕组骨架（11）上设置绕组线圈（8）。该永磁直线电机及直线振动器有效缩小了永磁体与铁芯、铁芯与铁芯间气隙，充分利用了电磁能并形成完整的磁路，提升了电机的有效功率和工作效率。

Description

一种永磁直线电机及直线振动器
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2016年11月02日提交中国专利局的申请号为CN201610946781.2、名称为“一种永磁直线电机及直线振动器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及永磁直线电机及其应用领域，尤其涉及一种永磁直线电机及直线振动器。
背景技术
线性振动器是一种通过使用产生电磁力的原理将电能转化成机械振动的部件，例如板簧式线性致动器因使用寿命长且响应时间短而普遍应用于移动电话、平板PC或便携式电子等设备上。
目前线性致动器普遍由于其尺寸的限制以及电机的限制而在提高振动量方面受到限制。
目前的永磁直线电机的线圈绕组通电后产生电磁力，并与永磁体磁力相互作用驱动电机传动轴往复进行直线运动。现有永磁电机通常使用内外铁芯来解决电机整体磁路，内外铁芯的存在增大了铁芯与永磁体、铁芯与铁芯间气隙，使得电机体积大、气隙大、磁路不完整导致磁力与电磁力不能充分利用而降低电机功率和效率。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的上述不足，本发明提供了一种永磁直线电机及直线振动器，通过采用永磁体为磁源，缩小了定子铁芯与永磁体、定子铁芯与定子铁芯间气隙以方便形成完整的磁路来提升电机有效功率和工作效率。
为实现以上目的本发明提供了如下技术方案：
本发明提供了一种永磁直线电机，包括定子组件、动子组件以及电机外壳；所述定子组件和动子组件安装于电机外壳内；其中：
所述动子组件包括传动轴、连轴支架以及永磁体；所述传动轴两端从电机内部延伸而出，所述传动轴中部固定设置连轴支架，所述永磁体固定嵌合于连轴支架内；
所述定子组件包括定子铁芯、绕组骨架以及绕组线圈，定子铁芯固定安装于电机外壳内侧，定子铁芯径向设置齿形结构构成绕组骨架，绕组骨架上设置绕组线圈。
优选地，电机外壳内部在定子组件两端各设有一个第一端盖，所述第一端盖固定于定子组件两端。
优选地，电机外壳两端设有一个第二端盖，所述第二端盖中部设置轴孔，传动轴的两 端穿过轴孔。
优选地，连轴支架两侧设置平行于传动轴的支柱，所述支柱设置有导轨孔，导轨孔内设导轨，所述导轨的两端穿过连轴支架后抵接所述第二端盖。
优选地，永磁体为一层或多层结构，所述永磁体沿轴向分层装配；所述定子铁芯采用硅钢片冲压而成，所述定子铁芯包括两个以上的齿形结构。
本发明还提供了一种包括以上所述永磁直线电机的直线振动器。
优选地，还包括振动器外壳，所述振动器外壳端部设置有振动体。
优选地，永磁直线电机传动轴的一端连接连接杆，所述连接杆另一端连接振动芯，所述振动芯连接振动体。
优选地，振动芯和所述振动体为平板状，所述振动芯通过振动弹簧连接所述振动体。
优选地，还包括设置于振动器外壳内的电源模块及控制模块，所述控制模块连接永磁直线电机。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的一种永磁直线电机及直线振动器，具有以下有益效果：
1)本发明提供的永磁直线电机及直线振动器采用永磁体为磁源，永磁体两极表面外留出合理气隙后各自对应相应的定子组件，有效缩小永磁体与铁芯、铁芯与铁芯间气隙，充分利用了产生的电磁能形成完整的磁路，提升了电机的有效功率和工作效率，解决了现有电机体积大、气隙大、磁路不完整导致磁力与电磁力不能充分利用的缺陷。
2)本发明提供的永磁直线电机及直线振动器通过将永磁体嵌合于传动轴的连轴支架上构成一整体，绕组线圈缠绕于定子铁芯上构成定子组件，定子固定于外壳内侧，使永磁体的磁力分布均匀，且有效缩小了动子组件与定子组件之间气隙，具有体积小、功率大、能耗低及效率高的特点。
3)本发明提供的永磁直线电机及直线振动器的定子铁芯包括两个及两个以上的齿形结构，通过齿形结构叠压形成多齿定子铁芯，多齿定子铁芯对应永磁体的两极成一的倍数分组布置；线圈绕组根据电机功率和尺寸需要，可以轴向缠绕于铁芯轭部的绕组骨架上、径向缠绕于铁芯齿部的绕组骨架或在多个铁芯的同层齿槽间的绕组骨架上圆周方向缠绕线圈绕组等不同结构；永磁体采用一层或多层结构，为平板型，多层永磁体结构沿轴向分层装配，电机的多层永磁体可通过每一层永磁体的交替反向充磁过程形成多个反向磁场，通过与定子铁芯各极产生的电磁力相互作用，实现动子组件的推、拉作用，最后形成完整的电机动力系统，提高了电机的工作效率。
4)本发明提供的永磁直线电机及直线振动器通过在电机外壳内部的定子组件两端设置第一端盖，使第一端盖安装于定子组件两端实现定位和固定的作用，防止定子组件的移动及松动；连轴支架内设的导轨两端被第二端盖扣紧，防止了导轨的松动或轴方向的移动， 起到了对电机动子组件的导向及定位作用；采用弹簧套在(或采用硅胶垫垫在)导轨端部起到了加强并推动动子组件的直线往返运动的作用。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图所作的对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：
图1是本发明实施例的永磁直线电机的爆炸结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例的直线振动器的结构示意图；
图3是本发明另一实施例的直线振动器的结构示意图。
1-传动轴；2-永磁体；3-弹簧；4-定子铁芯；5-第一端盖；5′-第一端盖；6-电机外壳；7-第二端盖；7′-第二端盖；71-轴孔；8-绕组线圈；9-连轴支架；91-支柱；100-导轨；11-绕组骨架；10-永磁直线电机；20-振动器外壳；21-伸缩部；22-振动体；23-显示器；30-控制模块；40-电源模块；50-振动芯；51-连接杆。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”、“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
另外，本发明各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术 方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
下面结合附图和示例性实施例对本发明作进一步地描述，其中如果已知技术的详细描述对于示出本发明的特征是不必要的，则将其省略。
图1是本发明实施例的永磁直线电机的爆炸结构示意图，永磁直线电机包括定子组件、动子组件以及电机外壳6。定子组件和动子组件安装于电机外壳6内。其中：
所述动子组件包括传动轴1、连轴支架9以及永磁体2。传动轴1两端从电机内部延伸而出，传动轴1的中部固定设置连轴支架9。永磁体2固定嵌合于连轴支架9内，永磁体2与连轴支架9构成一整体。
所述定子组件包括定子铁芯4、绕组骨架11以及绕组线圈8。其中，定子铁芯4固定安装于电机外壳6内侧，定子铁芯4径向设置齿形结构构成绕组骨架11。绕组骨架11上设置绕组线圈8，绕组线圈8缠绕于定子铁芯4表面的绕组骨架11上构成定子组件。
定子组件与动子组件保持一定的距离，使之间设置有一定间隙。本发明提供的电机结构，永磁体2的磁力分布均匀，且有效缩小了动子组件与定子组件之间气隙。所述定子组件与动子组件之间的间隙，具体为0.2mm-0.5mm之间。电机外壳6内部在定子组件两端设置有第一端盖5和第一端盖5′。第一端盖5和第一端盖5′固定在定子组件两端，安装于定子组件两端实现定位和固定的作用，防止定子组件的移动及松动，避免了电机运作中出现的问题及隐患。
电机外壳6两端还设置有第二端盖7和第二端盖7′。第二端盖7和第二端盖7′与电机外壳6固定形成内部空间，将定子组件与动子组件安装于内部形成完整的直线电机。同时，在第二端盖中部设置轴孔71，传动轴1的两端穿过轴孔71而延伸出永磁直线电机。
连轴支架9的两侧设置有平行于传动轴的支柱91，支柱91设置有导轨孔，导轨孔内设导轨100。导轨100的两端穿过连轴支架9的支柱91后抵接第二端盖7。导轨100两端被固定在第二端盖7和第二端盖7′内，且不穿透端盖7防止导轨松动或轴方向的移动，起到了对电机动子组件的导向及定位作用。
优选地，在导轨100的端部套设有弹簧3(也可以在导轨的端部设置硅胶垫)，弹簧3套在导轨100上，起到了加强并推动动子组件的直线往返运动的作用，进一步提高了电机的工作效率。
永磁体2采用一层或多层结构，为平板型，多层永磁体结构沿轴向分层装配，具体的，可根据电机功率和电机的尺寸增减动子组件的永磁体个数和层数。电机的多层永磁体可通过每一层永磁体的交替反向充磁过程形成多个反向磁场，通过与定子铁芯4各极产生的电磁力相互作用，实现动子组件的推、拉作用，最后形成完整的电机动力系统。
定子铁芯4采用硅钢片冲压而成，定子铁芯4包括两个及两个以上的齿形结构，通过 齿形结构叠压形成多齿定子铁芯，定子铁芯4的齿形结构即绕组骨架11，多齿定子铁芯与永磁体2的两极呈一一对应布置，绕组线圈8沿绕组骨架11缠绕线圈，根据电机所需功率和电机尺寸要求，可选择线圈绕组8轴向缠绕定子铁芯4的轭部、径向缠绕定子铁芯4的齿部或在多个定子铁芯4的同层齿槽间圆周方向缠绕线圈等不同缠绕结构。
定子铁芯4的数量为1组或1组以上，根据电机所需功率和电机尺寸不同而选择，通过缠绕绕组线圈，线圈绕组通电后，各串、并联的线圈通以电流形成感应磁场，与永磁体2的磁场相匹配作用，驱动动子组件产生往复振荡运动，带动传动轴1往复输出动力而形成完整的电机动力系统。
本发明提供的永磁直线电机具有完整的动力系统，通过传动轴1的两端连接外部器件，实现如汽缸器件的往复压缩、推动，具有高效低耗的优点，可以应用于发动机、压缩机、气泵、油泵、水泵、伸缩机械手、振动器械和各类门锁。
图2是本发明实施例提供的直线振动器的结构示意图，可用作成人用品如振动棒。本实施例中直线振动器包括永磁直线电机10及振动器外壳20。永磁直线电机10的传动轴1(图未示出)一端延伸出来的部分连接连接杆51，连接杆51另一端连接振动芯50。振动器外壳20端部设置振动体22，振动体22连接振动芯50接收振动力的输出。
振动器还包括设置于振动器外壳20内部的电源模块40及控制模块30，控制模块30连接并控制永磁直线电机。
振动器外壳20为硅胶材质，并设置有伸缩部21，如图2所示，可设置于振动器外壳20侧面，通过设置伸缩部21使振动器外壳20在直线振动往复运动中更好的产生形变，达到振动的效果。
图3是本发明另一优选实施例的直线振动器的结构示意图，可作为健身振动器材。本实施例中的直线振动器通过连接杆51连接永磁直线电机10的振动芯50为平板状，平板状的振动芯50作为永磁直线电机的动力转换板可以更好地将电机的动能进行传送和转换。振动体22也为平板状，本实施例中，振动体22作为按摩振动平台，平板状的振动芯50通过振动弹簧52连接平板状的振动体22。优选地，振动弹簧52为两对对称设置的弹簧，通过弹簧可以更好地传送振动芯50的振动力至振动体22，使振动体22达到更好的振动或按摩效果。
本实施例中，平板状的振动体22上还可设置显示器23，所述显示器23连接控制模块30用于显示振动器的振动次数、频率、身体消耗卡路里或者室内温度等数据。
本发明提供的振动器利用电机的直线驱动原理可实现振动器的往复振荡运动，优选地应用于成人用品如振动棒或者健身振动器材等上，也可以应用于日常生活电器，如电动牙刷和各类美容仪器等设备上。
以上仅为本发明较佳实施例，并不用于局限本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所做的修改、等同替换和改进等，均需要包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种永磁直线电机，其特征在于，包括定子组件、动子组件以及电机外壳(6)；所述定子组件和动子组件安装于电机外壳(6)内；其中：
    所述动子组件包括传动轴(1)、连轴支架(9)以及永磁体(2)；所述传动轴(1)两端从电机内部延伸而出，所述传动轴(1)中部固定设置连轴支架(9)，所述永磁体(2)固定嵌合于连轴支架(9)内；
    所述定子组件包括定子铁芯(4)、绕组骨架(11)以及绕组线圈(8)，定子铁芯(4)固定安装于电机外壳(6)内侧，定子铁芯(4)径向设置齿形结构构成绕组骨架(11)，绕组骨架(11)上设置绕组线圈(8)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的永磁直线电机，其特征在于，所述电机外壳内部在定子组件两端各设有一个第一端盖(5，5′)，所述第一端盖(5，5′)固定于定子组件两端。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的永磁直线电机，其特征在于，所述电机外壳两端设有一个第二端盖(7，7′)，所述第二端盖(7，7′)中部设置轴孔(71)，传动轴(1)的两端穿过轴孔(71)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的永磁直线电机，其特征在于，所述连轴支架(9)两侧设置平行于传动轴(1)的支柱(91)，所述支柱(91)设置有导轨孔，导轨孔内设导轨(100)，所述导轨(100)的两端穿过连轴支架(9)后抵接所述第二端盖(7，7′)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的永磁直线电机，其特征在于，所述永磁体(2)为一层或多层结构，所述永磁体(2)沿轴向分层装配；所述定子铁芯(4)采用硅钢片冲压而成，所述定子铁芯(4)包括两个以上的齿形结构。
  6. 一种包括权利要求1-5任一项所述永磁直线电机的直线振动器。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的直线振动器，其特征在于，还包括振动器外壳(20)，所述振动器外壳(20)端部设置有振动体(22)。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的直线振动器，其特征在于，所述永磁直线电机(10)传动轴的一端连接连接杆(51)，所述连接杆(51)另一端连接振动芯(50)，所述振动芯(50)连接振动体(22)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的直线振动器，其特征在于，所述振动芯(50)和所述振动体(22)为平板状，所述振动芯(50)通过振动弹簧(52)连接所述振动体(22)。
  10. 根据权利要求6～9任一项所述的直线振动器，其特征在于，还包括设置于振动器外壳(20)内的电源模块(40)及控制模块(30)，所述控制模块(30)连接永磁直线电机。
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