WO2018079629A1 - 抗マラリア活性を有する新規ピリミジン誘導体 - Google Patents
抗マラリア活性を有する新規ピリミジン誘導体 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
- A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
- A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
- A61P33/02—Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis
- A61P33/06—Antimalarials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
- C07D491/056—Ortho-condensed systems with two or more oxygen atoms as ring hetero atoms in the oxygen-containing ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D491/10—Spiro-condensed systems
- C07D491/107—Spiro-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel pyrimidine derivative, specifically a 2,4,6-substituted pyrimidine derivative.
- the present invention has an action of suppressing the growth of malaria parasites, and may be useful for the treatment, prevention and / or transmission of malaria parasite infections.
- Malaria is a protozoal infection that is widely distributed from the tropics to the subtropics.
- infection with Plasmodium falciparum accounts for about 80% of malaria-infected persons and is a serious disease. In some cases it is a very dangerous infection leading to death.
- the malaria epidemic has a tendency to expand from tropical to subtropical developing countries as well as developed countries located in temperate regions.
- chloroquine and funcidal a combination of pyrimesamine and sulfadoxine
- pyrimesamine and sulfadoxine which are called classic drugs developed in the 1930s and 1960s.
- artemisinin derivatives which are active ingredients of herbal medicine blue grapes developed since 1980, are also used.
- Non-patent Document 1 and Patent Document 1 pyrimidine-2,4,5-substituted derivatives
- Non-patent Document 2 pyrimidine-2,4,6-substituted derivatives
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel compound that exhibits antimalarial activity against malaria parasites that are resistant to existing antimalarial drugs.
- the compound of the present invention (sometimes referred to as “the compound of the present invention”) has been found to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of protozoan malaria, thereby completing the present invention.
- human infectious malaria parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium falciparum (P. vivax), Plasmodium falciparum (P. malariae), Plasmodium falciparum (P. ovale) and P. ⁇ ⁇ knowlesi infections can be treated, prevented and / or transmitted.
- Ring A is a 6-membered heteroaryl group having one or more N atoms, optionally substituted with R 1 , R 2 and R 3 ;
- Z is an optionally substituted alkoxy group, an optionally substituted amino group, an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl group or an optionally substituted heteroaryl group;
- R 1 , R 2 And R 3 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted alkoxy group, or an optionally substituted group.
- Ring A is a 6-membered heteroaryl group having one or more N atoms, optionally substituted with R 1 , R 2 and R 3 ;
- Z is the formula: (Where R 4 and R 5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C 1-6 alkyl group, a C 2-6 alkenyl group, a —C 0-4 alkylene-CO—C 1-6 alkyl group, —C 1-4 Alkylene-O—C 1-6 alkyl group, —C 1-4 alkylene-NH—C 1-6 alkyl group, —C 1-4 alkylene-NH—CO—C 1-6 alkyl group, —C 1-4 Alkylene-NH-COO-C 1-6 alkyl group, -C 1-4 alkylene-N (same or different C 1-6 alkyl group) 2 , -C 0-4 alkylene-COOH, -C 0-4 alkylene- COO—C 1-6 alkyl group
- Z is an amino group, a C 1-6 alkoxy group, Each group is a halogen atom, a C 1-6 alkyl group, a C 1-6 haloalkyl group, a hydroxy group, a C 1-6 hydroxyalkyl group at a substitutable position.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen atoms, and the remainder is bonded to the 2, 4, 5 or 6 position of the pyridine ring, and is a halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-6 alkyl group, C A 1-6 alkoxy group, a C 3-6 cycloalkyloxy group, a 3-6 membered heterocycloalkyloxy group or a phenoxy group, wherein a C 1-6 alkyl group, a C 1-6 alkoxy group, C 3 A -6 cycloalkyloxy group, a 3-6 membered heterocycloalkyloxy group and a phenoxy group are each a substitutable position at a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C 1-6 alkyl group, a C 2-6 alkenyl group, C 1 -6 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, an amino group, a mono - or one selected from the group consisting of di -C
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is a hydrogen atom, and the remainder is bonded to the 4-position and 6-position or 5-position and 6-position of the pyridine ring, and a C 1-6 alkyl group or C 3-6 Independently selected from cycloalkyl groups, wherein each group is independently at a substitutable position a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an amino group, a mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino group and The compound according to any one of [4] to [6], which is optionally substituted with one or two or more groups selected from the group consisting of carboxyl groups, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof salt.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen atoms, and the remainder is bonded to the 3, 4, 5 or 6 position of the pyridine ring, and is a halogen atom, a C 1-6 alkyl group, a nitro group, C A 1-6 alkoxy group or a C 3-6 cycloalkyl group, wherein the C 1-6 alkyl group, the C 1-6 alkoxy group and the C 3-6 cycloalkyl group are substituted with halogen atoms
- halogen atoms One selected from the group consisting of: a hydroxy group, a C 1-6 alkoxy group, an amino group, a mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino group, a carboxyl group and a 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl group
- the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of [4] to [6], which may be substituted with two or more groups which are the same or different.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently bonded to the 4-position, 5-position and 6-position of the pyridine ring, and are a group consisting of a halogen atom, a C 1-6 alkyl group and a C 3-6 cycloalkyl group Wherein the C 1-6 alkyl group and the C 3-6 cycloalkyl group are each independently at a substitutable position a halogen atom, hydroxy group, amino group, mono- or di-C 1 A compound according to any one of [4] to [6] or a compound thereof, which may be substituted with one or two or more groups selected from the group consisting of a -6 alkylamino group and a carboxyl group A pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to any one of [1] to [11] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- a therapeutic agent for malaria parasite infection comprising the compound according to any one of [1] to [11] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- a malaria parasite characterized by administering a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to any one of [1] to [11] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need of treatment To treat a kind of infection.
- a malaria parasite growth inhibitor comprising the compound according to any one of [1] to [11] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- a malaria parasite characterized by administering a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to any one of [1] to [11] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need of treatment A method for inhibiting the growth of species.
- the compound of the present invention has a suppressive action on malaria parasites and is useful as a novel therapeutic agent, preventive agent and / or propagation inhibitor for human infectious malaria parasites. Furthermore, it is also useful as a therapeutic agent, preventive agent and / or propagation inhibitor for malaria parasite infections which are resistant to existing antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine and funcidal. In addition, it can be used as a malaria parasite growth inhibitor in an experimental or research reagent.
- Halogen atom means a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom. Among them, preferred is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a bromine atom.
- Alkyl or “alkylene” means a linear or branched, monovalent or divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having the specified number of carbon atoms, respectively. These may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents included in the present invention at substitutable positions.
- Preferred alkyl includes C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 alkyl, and lower alkyl.
- C 1-6 alkyl represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- lower alkyl represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- C 0 alkylene means a single bond
- C 1-4 alkylene means a divalent substituent having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methylene, ethylene, propylene and butylene.
- alkyl include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl and the like.
- alkenyl means a straight or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon group having the specified number of carbon atoms containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. These may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents included in the present invention at substitutable positions.
- Preferred alkenyl includes C 2-6 alkenyl and C 2-4 alkenyl.
- C 2-6 alkenyl represents alkenyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of alkenyl include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl and the like.
- Haloalkyl means an alkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms.
- C 1-6 haloalkyl refers to a haloalkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the number of hydrogen atoms replaced can range from one up to the total number of hydrogen atoms that may otherwise be present in the parent alkyl group. In the case of having a plurality of halogen atoms, they may be substituted with the same or different halogen atoms.
- Examples of haloalkyl include, but are not limited to, chloromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, and the like.
- “Hydroxyalkyl” means a hydroxy group to which an alkyl group as defined above having the specified number of carbon atoms is attached. In these, the alkyl part may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents included in the present invention.
- Preferred hydroxyalkyl includes C 1-6 hydroxyalkyl and C 1-4 hydroxyalkyl.
- C 1-6 hydroxyalkyl represents a hydroxyalkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of hydroxyalkyl include, but are not limited to, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, and the like.
- Alkoxy means a group in which an alkyl group as defined above having the specified number of carbon atoms is bonded through an oxygen atom. In these, the alkyl part may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents included in the present invention.
- Preferable alkoxy includes C 1-6 alkoxy and C 1-4 alkoxy.
- C 1-6 alkoxy represents alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (—O—C 1-6 alkyl).
- alkoxy include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butyloxy, pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, neopentyloxy, hexyloxy and the like.
- Haloalkoxy means alkoxy as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms.
- C 1-6 haloalkoxy represents haloalkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the number of hydrogen atoms replaced can range from one up to the total number of hydrogen atoms that may otherwise be present in the parent alkyl group. In the case of having a plurality of halogen atoms, they may be substituted with the same or different halogen atoms.
- Examples of haloalkoxy include, but are not limited to, chloromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, and the like.
- Cycloalkyl means a mono- or polycyclic saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 or more carbon atoms. These may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents included in the present invention at substitutable positions.
- Preferred cycloalkyl includes C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl.
- C 3-8 cycloalkyl refers to cycloalkyl having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Examples of cycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and the like.
- polycyclic saturated hydrocarbon group examples include a bicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group and a tricyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, and examples thereof include decahydronaphthalene, bicyclo [2.1.0] pentane, and tricyclo [3.2. .1.0 2,7] octane, and the like.
- Heterocycloalkyl means cycloalkyl as defined above, wherein at least one of the ring carbons has been replaced with a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom. These may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents included in the present invention at substitutable positions. Nitrogen and sulfur atoms may be oxidized if desired, and nitrogen atoms may be quaternized if desired. The fused ring leading to a bicyclic group may contain only carbon atoms and may be saturated, partially saturated, or unsaturated.
- Preferred heterocycloalkyl include 3 to 10 membered heterocycloalkyl, 3 to 8 membered heterocycloalkyl, and 3 to 6 membered heterocycloalkyl.
- “3 to 8 membered heterocycloalkyl” refers to 3 to 8 membered cycloalkyl containing at least one heteroatom selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom.
- heterocycloalkyl examples include, but are not limited to, aziridine, azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, homopiperidine, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, oxazolidinone, 2-azaspiro [4.4] nonane, 8-oxa-2-azaspiro [4.5] decane, hexahydrocyclopenta [c] pyrrole, 2-oxa-6-azaspiro [3.3] heptane, tetrahydro-2H- [1.4] dioxino [2, 3-c] pyrrole and the like.
- Aryl means a mono- or bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 or more carbon atoms, excluding one hydrogen atom bonded to the aromatic ring. These may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents included in the present invention at substitutable positions.
- Preferred aryl includes C 6-10 aryl. Examples of aryl include, but are not limited to, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, anthracenyl and the like.
- Heteroaryl means a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic group containing at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom. These may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents included in the present invention at substitutable positions.
- Preferred heteroaryls include 3-10 membered heteroaryl, 3-6 membered heteroaryl, 5-6 membered heteroaryl.
- “5-6 membered heteroaryl” refers to a 5-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclic group containing at least one heteroatom selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom.
- heteroaryl examples include, but are not limited to, thiophene, furan, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, thiazole, oxazole, isothiazole, isoxazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazine, indole, purine, quinoline, And isoquinoline.
- acyl means a carbonyl group (—C ( ⁇ O)) to which a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group as defined above is attached.
- Preferred acyl includes C 1-7 acyl and C 1-4 acyl.
- C 1-4 acyl refers to a carbonyl group to which an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is bonded. Examples of acyl include, but are not limited to, formyl, acetyl, propanoyl, petityl, isobutyryl, pivaloyl, cyclopentanecarbonyl, benzoyl and the like.
- acylamino means an amino group to which an acyl group as defined above is attached.
- Preferred acylamino includes C 1-7 acylamino and C 1-4 acylamino.
- C 1-4 acylamino refers to an amino group to which an acyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is bonded.
- Examples of acylamino include, but are not limited to, acetylamino, propionylamino, and the like.
- “Mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino” means an amino group in which one or two hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl groups as defined above having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. To do. When two alkyl groups are substituted, they may be substituted with the same or different alkyl groups. Examples of mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino include, but are not limited to, methylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino and the like.
- Alkoxycarbonyl means a carbonyl group to which an alkoxy group as defined above is attached.
- Preferable alkoxycarbonyl includes C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl and C 1-4 alkoxycarbonyl.
- C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl refers to a carbonyl group to which an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is bonded.
- alkoxycarbonyl include, but are not limited to, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, hexyloxycarbonyl, and the like.
- Substituents to be substituted include halogen atoms, alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, heterocycloalkyl groups, haloalkyl groups, alkoxy groups, haloalkoxy groups, amino groups, nitro groups, cyano groups, hydroxy groups, mono- Alternatively, di-alkylamino group, carbamoyl group, carboxyl group, morpholinyl group, formyl group, acetyl group, mesyl group, benzoyl group, acylamino group, benzyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group and the like can be mentioned.
- “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” means a salt formed with a compound of the present invention represented by formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base When the compound of the present invention represented by the formula (I) has a basic functional group such as an amino group, various acids and salts can be formed.
- acid addition salts include inorganic acid salts such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, sulfate, perchlorate, phosphate, oxalate, malonate, maleate , Fumarate, lactate, malate, citrate, tartrate, benzoate, trifluoroacetate, acetate, methanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, etc.
- organic acid salts and acidic amino acid salts such as glutamate and aspartate.
- base addition salts include alkali metal salts such as sodium and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salts, organic amine salts such as lower alkyl amine salts and lower alcohol amine salts, lysine, arginine, ornithine and the like. And basic amino acid salts and ammonium salts. These salts can be obtained by a conventional method such as recrystallization after mixing the compound of the present invention represented by the formula (I) with an acid or a base. Since the compounds of the present invention may exist in the form of internal salts, hydrates and / or solvates, these internal salts, hydrates and / or solvates may also be compounds of the present invention. Is included. Examples of solvates include ethanol solvates.
- Treatment means the healing and / or amelioration of malaria parasite infections in mammals, particularly humans. Examples include (a) preventing malaria parasite infections; (b) preventing the transmission of malaria infections; and (c) reducing and / or reducing malaria parasite infections. .
- Patient means humans and animals such as dogs, cats, horses and the like. Among these, human is preferable.
- a “therapeutically effective amount” is an amount that provides an improvement, cure, prevention, and / or alleviation of a disease, disorder, and / or side effects, or a delay in the progression of a disease and / or disorder, as compared to an untreated subject. Means the amount to bring. The term also includes within its scope an amount effective to promote normal physiological function.
- a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention represented by formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be administered as the active ingredient. Although not particularly limited, a range of about 1-1000 mg / kg (body weight) per day is generally effective as the compound represented by formula (I). Such effective amounts include the amount of a compound of the invention alone, the amount of a combination of compounds of the invention and / or the amount of a compound of the invention in combination with other antimalarial agents.
- a preferred embodiment of ring A is a 6-membered heteroaryl group having one or more N atoms, which may be substituted with R 1 , R 2 and R 3 .
- a more specific embodiment of ring A is: A heteroaryl group selected from the group consisting of
- a preferred embodiment of Z is an amino group, a C 1-6 alkoxy group, Each group is selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a C 1-6 alkyl group, a C 1-6 haloalkyl group, a hydroxy group, a C 1-6 hydroxyalkyl group, C 1-6 alkoxy group, amino group, mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino group, carboxyl group, C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl group, 5-membered or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl group, phenyl group, benzyl group and It may be substituted with one or two or more groups selected from the group consisting of 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaryl groups.
- R 1 to R 3 include a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a nitro group, a C 1-6 alkyl, a C 1-6 alkoxy group, a C 3-6 cycloalkyl group, a C 3-6 cycloalkyloxy
- the 3- to 6-membered heterocycloalkyloxy group and the phenoxy group each independently represent a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an amino group, a mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino group carboxyl at a substitutable position.
- R 1 to R 3 are hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, hydroxy group, nitro group, methyl group, ethyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, neopentyl group, fluoro Methyl group, trifluoromethyl group, hydroxymethyl group, ethoxymethyl group, propoxymethyl group, 2- (pyrrolidin-1-yl) ethyl group, methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group, isopropoxy group, butoxy group, isobutoxy group Neopentyloxy group, difluoromethoxy group, trifluoroethoxy group, 2- (dimethylamino)
- the compound of the present invention represented by the formula (I) or an intermediate thereof can be separated and purified by methods known to those skilled in the art. Examples thereof include extraction, distribution, reprecipitation, column chromatography (for example, silica gel column chromatography, ion exchange column chromatography or preparative liquid chromatography) or recrystallization.
- column chromatography for example, silica gel column chromatography, ion exchange column chromatography or preparative liquid chromatography
- the compounds of the present invention represented by the formula (I) may have one or more asymmetric carbon atoms and may cause geometric isomerism and axial chirality. Or it may exist as a stereoisomer. In the present invention, these optical or stereoisomers, mixtures thereof and racemates are included in the compound represented by the formula (I) of the present invention.
- Compound (I) of the present invention may have an isomer depending on, for example, the type of substituent.
- the chemical structure of only one form of those isomers may be described, but the present invention includes all isomers (geometric isomers, optical isomers, tautomers) that can occur structurally. Etc.) and also includes isomers alone or a mixture thereof.
- a deuterium converter obtained by converting any one or two or more 1 H of the compounds of the present invention represented by the formula (I) into 2 H (D) is also converted into the compound represented by the formula (I).
- a crystalline polymorph may exist in the compound of the present invention represented by the formula (I) obtained as a crystal and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the crystalline polymorph is also included in the present invention.
- the compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be produced, for example, by the following method.
- a method usually used in organic synthetic chemistry for example, a functional group It can be easily manufactured by attaching means such as protection, deprotection [T. W. Greene, Protective Groups In Organic Synthesis 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1999]. Further, the order of reaction steps such as introduction of substituents can be changed as necessary.
- the compound of the present invention represented by the formula (I) can be produced, for example, according to Scheme 1.
- Scheme 1 (In the formula, ring A, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and Z are as defined above.)
- Compound (I) is prepared using chloro compound (II) and imidazo [1,2-a] pyridin-7-amine under conditions well known for cross-coupling reactions such as Buchwald / Hartwig type reaction. Can be manufactured.
- the imidazo [1,2-a] pyridin-7-amine is preferably used in an equivalent amount or an excess amount relative to the chloro compound (II), more preferably 1 equivalent to 10 equivalents.
- the reaction can be synthesized by reacting at 0 to 200 ° C. for several minutes to several days, preferably at 20 to 150 ° C. for 1 to 36 hours. Alternatively, the synthesis can also be performed by using a microwave synthesizer, for example, by reacting for several minutes to several hours under a temperature condition of 60 ° C. to 150 ° C.
- the chloro compound (II) used as the raw material of Scheme 1 can be produced, for example, by the method shown in Scheme 2.
- Scheme 2 [Scheme 2] (In the formula, ring A, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and Z are as defined above.)
- Compound (II) can be obtained by reacting dichloro compound (III) with 0.8 to 5 molar equivalents, preferably 0.8 to 1 molar equivalents of compound (IV) in a solvent.
- an acid catalyst such as hydrochloric acid or a base can be added to the reaction, and the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is inert to the reaction.
- a polar solvent Preferably, DMF, THF, or the like can be used.
- the compound (IV) is liquid and the reaction site is an alcoholic hydroxyl group, the compound (IV) itself can be used as a solvent.
- the reaction can be carried out by stirring for 3 to 24 hours under room temperature to solvent reflux conditions.
- Compound (IV) which is one of the raw materials of Scheme 2 is a commercially available product, or can be produced by a known method or a method analogous thereto.
- the dichloro compound (III) used as the raw material of Scheme 2 can be produced by the method shown in Scheme 3, for example. [Scheme 3] (In the formula, ring A, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as defined above.)
- Dichloro compound (III) can be produced by reacting 4,6-dichloro-2- (methylsulfonyl) pyrimidine (V) with amine (VI).
- the dichloro compound (III) is 0.5 to 5 molar equivalents, preferably 1.2 to 2.0 molar equivalents of amine (VI) with 4,6-dichloro-2- (methylsulfonyl) pyrimidine (V).
- an acid catalyst such as hydrochloric acid or a base can be added to the reaction, and the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is inert to the reaction.
- a polar solvent Preferably, THF, dioxane and the like can be used.
- the reaction can be carried out by reacting at ⁇ 78 ° C. to solvent reflux condition for 1 to 24 hours, but preferably by reacting at ⁇ 78 to ⁇ 70 ° C.
- Amine (VI) which is one of the raw materials of Scheme 3 can be obtained as a commercial product, or by a known method or a method analogous thereto.
- the dichloro compound (III) can be produced by a similar method using 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine in place of 4,6-dichloro-2- (methylsulfonyl) pyrimidine (V) in Scheme 3. it can.
- Chloro compound (II) used as the raw material of Scheme 1 can also be produced, for example, by the method shown in Scheme 4.
- Scheme 4 (In the formula, ring A, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and Z are as defined above.)
- Chloro compound (II) can be produced by reacting compound (VII) with amine (VI). That is, the chloro compound (II) can be obtained by reacting compound (VII) with 0.5 to 2 molar equivalents, preferably 0.8 to 1.5 molar equivalents of amine (VI) in a solvent. .
- an acid catalyst such as hydrochloric acid or a base can be added to the reaction, and the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is inert to the reaction.
- a polar solvent Preferably, an alcohol solvent such as EtOH or 2-PrOH, or dioxane or THF can be used.
- the reaction can be carried out by reacting at ⁇ 40 ° C. to the reflux condition of the solvent for 1 to 24 hours.
- the reaction can be carried out by reacting at room temperature to the reflux condition of the solvent for 1 to 16 hours.
- Compound (VII) used as a raw material of Scheme 4 can be obtained as a commercial product, or by a known method or a method analogous thereto.
- the compounds of the present invention or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be prepared in the form of conventional pharmaceutical preparations (pharmaceutical compositions) suitable for oral, parenteral or topical administration.
- Preparations for oral administration include solid preparations such as tablets, granules, powders and capsules, and liquid preparations such as syrups. These formulations can be prepared by conventional methods. Solid preparations can be prepared by using conventional pharmaceutical carriers such as lactose, starch such as corn starch, crystalline cellulose such as microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, calcium carboxymethylcellulose, talc, magnesium stearate, etc. it can. Capsules can be prepared by wrapping the granules or powders thus prepared in capsules. A syrup can be prepared by dissolving or suspending the compound (I) of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in an aqueous solution containing sucrose, carboxymethylcellulose and the like.
- Preparations for parenteral administration include infusions such as instillation.
- Injectable formulations can also be prepared by conventional methods, including isotonic agents (eg, mannitol, sodium chloride, glucose, sorbitol, glycerol, xylitol, fructose, maltose, mannose), stabilizers (eg, sodium sulfite, Albumin) and preservatives (eg, benzyl alcohol, methyl p-oxybenzoate).
- isotonic agents eg, mannitol, sodium chloride, glucose, sorbitol, glycerol, xylitol, fructose, maltose, mannose
- stabilizers eg, sodium sulfite, Albumin
- preservatives eg, benzyl alcohol, methyl p-oxybenzoate
- the dose of the compound (I) of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be varied according to the severity of the disease, the age and weight of the patient, the dosage form, etc., but is usually 1 mg per day in an adult. It is in the range of ⁇ 1,000 mg, which can be administered once or divided into two or three times by the oral or parenteral route.
- the compound (I) of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be used as an infection treatment, prevention, or transmission inhibition of infectious diseases caused by malaria parasites that are resistant to existing antimalarial agents such as chloroquine and fancidar. Useful. Moreover, it can also be used as a reagent for experiment and research as a malaria parasite growth inhibitor.
- Example 7 Preparation of N2- (6-ethoxypyridin-3-yl) -N4- (imidazo [1,2-a] pyridin-7-yl) -6-morpholinopyrimidine-2,4-diamine
- the compound of Reference Example 1 (0.2 g, 0.598 mmol), imidazo [1,2-a] pyridin-7-amine (0.119 g, 0.898 mmol), and sodium tert-butoxide (0.115 g, 1. 19 mmol) in dioxane (7 mL) was degassed and Brettphos palladcycle G1 (0.048 g, 0.05 mmol) and Ruphos (0.028 g, 0.05 mmol) were added.
- reaction solution was deaerated by blowing nitrogen for 5 minutes, and reacted at 110 ° C. for 30 minutes using a microwave reaction apparatus. After confirming the disappearance of the starting material, the reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and further washed with 10% MeOH / DCM. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the resulting solid was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, MeOH / DCM) to obtain the title compound (0.05 g).
- Example compounds [Table 1-1] to [Table 1-40] were prepared by using the corresponding starting materials (commercially available products, or compounds derivatized from commercially available compounds by a known method or a method analogous thereto). In accordance with the method described in Example 7, the methods usually used in organic synthetic chemistry were appropriately combined as necessary. The physicochemical data of each compound are shown in [Table 2-1] to [Table 2-41].
- Test Example 1 In Vitro Antimalarial Activity Test
- the antimalarial activity of the compound of the present invention was evaluated by Plasmodium falciparum, a drug given by Professor Kiyoshi Kita of the University of Tokyo graduate School of Medicine.
- the in vitro antimalarial activity of compounds against these malaria parasites was determined by the method of Otoguro et al. (Otoguro, K., Kohana, A., Manabe, C) using the resistant K1 strain and the drug-sensitive FCR3 strain. ., Ishiyama, A., Ui, H., Shiomi, K., Yamada, H. & Omura, S .: Potent antimalarial activity of polyether antibiotic, X-206. J. Antibiot., 54: 658-663, ( 2001)).
- the drug susceptibility test was performed according to the method of Desjardins et al. (Desjardins, R. E., Canfield, C. J., Haynes, D. E. and Chulay, J. D .: Quantitative assessment of antimalarial activity in vitro by a semiautomated Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 16: 710-718 (1979)). Specifically, protozoan suspension precultured in each well of a 96-well plate (hematocrit value: 2%, protozoa-infected erythrocyte rate: 0.5 or 1%) is 190 ⁇ L and the final concentration is 12.5 to 0.0001 ⁇ M. 10 ⁇ L of a test compound solution (5% DMSO solution) diluted in such a concentration step was added, mixed, and cultured for 72 hours under the above-mentioned mixed gas.
- a test compound solution 5% DMSO solution
- the 96-well plate was directly frozen at ⁇ 20 ° C. for 18 hours and then thawed at 37 ° C. to hemolyze protozoa-infected erythrocytes and destroy the protozoa, thereby preparing a crude enzyme solution.
- the blue formazan product produced by the reaction was colorimetrically determined by measuring the absorbance at a measurement wavelength of 655 nm using a microplate reader (Labostems, Finland). .
- the 50% protozoan growth inhibitory concentration (IC 50 value) of the compound was determined from the compound concentration action curve.
- the compound of the present invention showed strong antimalarial activity in an in vitro antimalarial activity test.
- [Table 3-1] to [Table 3-8] show the antimalarial activity of the representative compounds of the present invention against cultured Plasmodium falciparum.
- the antimalarial activity was indicated by an *** mark when the IC 50 value was less than 0.1 ⁇ M, an ** mark when it was 0.1 ⁇ M or more and less than 1 ⁇ M, and an asterisk mark when it was 1 ⁇ M or more and less than 10 ⁇ M.
- the compound of the present invention shows the same strong antimalarial activity against the drug-resistant strain K1 strain and the drug-sensitive FCR3 strain. This result shows that the compound of the present invention is effective in suppressing the growth of malaria parasites. It shows that it has excellent effectiveness.
- Test Example 2 In vivo anti-malarial activity test The in vivo therapeutic effect of the compound of the present invention on the murine malaria parasite P. berghei N strain (drug-sensitive strain) infection experimental model and the aforementioned method of Otsukuro et al. (2001) and Peters et al. (Peters, W., Portus, JH and Robinson, BL: The chemotherapy of rodent malaria. XXII. The value of drug-resistant strains of P. berghei in Screening for blood schizonticidal activity. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 69: 155-171, (1975)). The murine malaria parasite P. berghei N strain was obtained from Dr. W.
- test compound solution (solvent: 3% DMSO / 0.5% methylcellulose 400 solution or suspension) was administered intraperitoneally (ip) 1 to 3 times 2 hours after the infection on day 0 of infection.
- Table 4 shows the in vivo antimalarial activity of representative compounds of the present invention.
- the compounds of the present invention are administered 3 or 10 mg / kg once or twice i.v. against the experimental model of murine malaria parasite P. berghei N strain, respectively. p. Compared with the control group to which no drug was added, administration showed a 50% inhibitory effect on the rate of erythrocyte-infected erythrocytes, and an infection treatment effect was observed. This result suggests that the 50% effective dose (ED 50 value) of the compound of the present invention is considered to be around 3 to 10 mg / kg, and has excellent efficacy at low doses as a malaria parasite infection therapeutic agent. ing.
- the compound of the present invention is a therapeutic agent, prophylactic agent for infectious diseases of human infectious malaria parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium falciparum, Oval malaria parasite and Salmonaria parasite It is useful as a propagation inhibitor. Furthermore, it is useful in the treatment, prevention, and transmission prevention of infectious diseases caused by protozoan malaria that is resistant to existing antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine and fancidar. In addition, it can be used as a malaria parasite growth inhibitor in an experimental or research reagent.
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Abstract
Description
これまでに、ピリミジン-2,4,5-置換誘導体(非特許文献1および特許文献1)やピリミジン-2,4,6-置換誘導体(非特許文献2)が抗マラリア活性物質として報告されているが、本発明の化合物の構造を有する化合物は知られていない。
[1] 下式(I):
環Aは、R1、R2およびR3で置換されていてもよい、N原子を1個以上有する6員のヘテロアリール基であり;
Zは、置換されていてもよいアルコキシ基、置換されていてもよいアミノ基、置換されていてもよいヘテロシクロアルキル基または置換されていてもよいヘテロアリール基であり;および
R1、R2およびR3は、各々独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換されていてもよいアルキル基、置換されていてもよいシクロアルキル基、置換されていてもよいアルコキシ基、置換されていてもよいシクロアルキルオキシ基、置換されていてもよいヘテロシクロアルキルオキシ基、置換されていてもよいフェノキシ基、置換されていてもよいアミノ基、ニトロ基およびヒドロキシ基からなる群から選択される)
で示される化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩。
環Aは、R1、R2およびR3で置換されていてもよい、N原子を1個以上有する6員のヘテロアリール基であり;
Zが、式:
R4およびR5は、各々独立して、水素原子、C1-6アルキル基、C2-6アルケニル基、-C0-4アルキレン-CO-C1-6アルキル基、-C1-4アルキレン-O-C1-6アルキル基、-C1-4アルキレン-NH-C1-6アルキル基、-C1-4アルキレン-NH-CO-C1-6アルキル基、-C1-4アルキレン-NH-COO-C1-6アルキル基、-C1-4アルキレン-N(同一または異なるC1-6アルキル基)2、-C0-4アルキレン-COOH、-C0-4アルキレン-COO-C1-6アルキル基、-C0-4アルキレン-CH=NH、-C0-4アルキレン-CH=N-C1-6アルキル基、-C0-4アルキレン-SO2H、-C0-4アルキレン-SO2-C1-6アルキル基、-C0-4アルキレン-5員もしくは6員のへテロシクロアルキル基、-C0-4アルキレン-C6-10アリール基、または-C0-4アルキレン-5員もしくは6員のヘテロアリール基(ここで、アルキル基、アルケニル基、へテロシクロアルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基およびアルキレンは、各々独立して、置換可能な炭素原子上で、ハロゲン原子、C1-6アルキル基、C1-6ハロアルキル基、C1-6アルコキシ基、C1-6ハロアルコキシ基、C3-8シクロアルキル基、ヒドロキシ基、メルカプト基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、アミノ基、モノ-もしくはジ-C1-6アルキルアミノ基、カルボキシル基、C1-4アシル基およびC1-4アシルアミノ基からなる群から選択される1つまたは同一もしくは異なる2つ以上の基で置換されていてもよい)であるか、
あるいは、R4およびR5は、それらが結合するN原子と一緒になって、3~12員のヘテロシクロアルキル基または5~6員のヘテロアリール基を形成し;
R6は、水素原子、C1-6アルキル基、C2-6アルケニル基、C3-8シクロアルキル基、3~8員のヘテロシクロアルキル基またはC6-10アリール基であり、ここで各基は、各々独立して、置換可能な位置で、ハロゲン原子、C1-6アルキル基、C1-6ハロアルキル基、C1-6アルコキシ基、C1-6ハロアルコキシ基、C3-8シクロアルキル基、ヒドロキシ基、メルカプト基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、アミノ基、モノ-もしくはジ-C1-6アルキルアミノ基、カルボキシル基、C1-4アシル基およびC1-4アシルアミノ基からなる群から選択される1つまたは同一もしくは異なる2つ以上の基で置換されていてもよい)
であり;および
R1、R2およびR3は、各々独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、C1-6アルキル基、C1-6アルコキシ基、アミノ基、モノ-もしくはジ-C1-6アルキルアミノ基、ニトロ基、ヒドロキシ基、、C3-6シクロアルキル基、C3-6シクロアルキルオキシ基、3~6員のヘテロシクロアルキル基、3~6員のヘテロシクロアルキルオキシ基、フェノキシ基およびC1-4アシルアミノ基からなる群から選択され、ここで各基は、各々独立して、置換可能な位置で、ハロゲン原子、C1-6アルキル基、C2-6アルケニル基、C1-6ハロアルキル基、C1-6アルコキシ基、C1-6ハロアルコキシ基、C3-6シクロアルキル基、フェニル基、ヒドロキシ基、メルカプト基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、アミノ基、モノ-もしくはジ-C1-6アルキルアミノ基、カルボキシル基、C1-4アシル基、C1-4アシルアミノ基および5員または6員のへテロシクロアルキル基からなる群から選択される1つまたは同一もしくは異なる2つ以上の基で置換されていてもよい)
で示される化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩。
R1、R2およびR3の2つが、水素原子であり、その残りが、ピリジン環の2、4、5または6位に結合し、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、C1-6アルキル基、C1-6アルコキシ基、C3-6シクロアルキルオキシ基、3~6員のヘテロシクロアルキルオキシ基またはフェノキシ基であり、ここで、C1-6アルキル基、C1-6アルコキシ基、C3-6シクロアルキルオキシ基、3~6員のヘテロシクロアルキルオキシ基およびフェノキシ基は、置換可能な位置で、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、C1-6アルキル基、C2-6アルケニル基、C1-6アルコキシ基、フェニル基、アミノ基、モノ-もしくはジ-C1-6アルキルアミノ基およびカルボキシル基からなる群から選択される1つまたは同一もしくは異なる2つ以上の基で置換されていてもよい、[4]~[6]のいずれかに記載の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩。
R1、R2およびR3の1つが、水素原子であり、その残りが、ピリジン環の4位および6位または5位および6位に結合し、C1-6アルキル基またはC3-6シクロアルキル基から独立して選択され、ここで、各基は、各々独立して、置換可能な位置で、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、アミノ基、モノ-もしくはジ-C1-6アルキルアミノ基およびカルボキシル基からなる群から選択される1つまたは同一もしくは異なる2つ以上の基で置換されていてもよい、[4]~[6]のいずれかに記載の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩。
R1、R2およびR3の2つが、水素原子であり、その残りが、ピリジン環の3、4、5または6位に結合し、ハロゲン原子、C1-6アルキル基、ニトロ基、C1-6アルコキシ基またはC3-6シクロアルキル基であり、ここで、C1-6アルキル基、C1-6アルコキシ基およびC3-6シクロアルキル基は、置換可能な位置で、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、C1-6アルコキシ基、アミノ基、モノ-もしくはジ-C1-6アルキルアミノ基、カルボキシル基および5員または6員のへテロシクロアルキル基からなる群から選択される1つまたは同一もしくは異なる2つ以上の基で置換されていてもよい、[4]~[6]のいずれかに記載の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩。
R1、R2およびR3が、各々独立して、ピリジン環の4位、5位および6位に結合し、ハロゲン原子、C1-6アルキル基およびC3-6シクロアルキル基からなる群から選択され、ここで、C1-6アルキル基およびC3-6シクロアルキル基は、各々独立して、置換可能な位置で、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、アミノ基、モノ-もしくはジ-C1-6アルキルアミノ基およびカルボキシル基からなる群から選択される1つまたは同一もしくは異なる2つ以上の基で置換されていてもよい、[4]~[6]のいずれかに記載の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩。
「ハロゲン原子」とは、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子またはヨウ素原子を意味する。中でも好ましくは、フッ素原子、塩素原子または臭素原子である。
式(I)で表される本発明の化合物が酸性官能基を有する場合、各種の塩基と塩を形成することができる。塩基付加塩の例として、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩などのアルカリ金属塩、カルシウム塩などのアルカリ土類金属塩、低級アルキルアミン塩、低級アルコールアミン塩などの有機アミン塩、リジン、アルギニン、オルニチンなどとの塩基性アミノ酸塩およびアンモニウム塩が挙げられる。
これらの塩は、式(I)で表される本発明の化合物を酸または塩基と混合した後、再結晶などの常法により得ることができる。
本発明の化合物は、分子内塩、水和物および/または溶媒和物の形で存在することもあるので、これらの分子内塩、水和物および/または溶媒和物もまた本発明の化合物に包含される。溶媒和物としてはエタノール溶媒和物などが挙げられる。
かかる有効量として、本発明の化合物単独の量、本発明の化合物の組み合わせの量および/または他の抗マラリア薬と組み合わせた本発明の化合物の量が挙げられる。
また、式(I)で表される本発明の化合物のいずれか1つまたは2つ以上の1Hを2H(D)に変換した重水素変換体も式(I)で表される化合物に包含される。
結晶として得られる式(I)で表される本発明の化合物およびその薬学的に許容される塩には、結晶多形が存在する場合があり、その結晶多形も本発明に包含される。
THF:テトラヒドロフラン
NMP:N-メチルピロリドン
2-PrOH:2-プロパノール
DIEA:N,N-ジイソプロピルエチルアミン
DMSO:ジメチルスルホキシド
DMF:ジメチルホルムアミド
TEA:トリエチルアミン
MeOH:メタノール
EtOH:エタノール
CHCl3:クロロホルム
CDCl3:重クロロホルム
DCM:ジクロロメタン
RuPhos:2-ジシクロへキシルホスフィノ-2’,6’-ジイソプロポキシビフェニル
BrettPhos: 2-(ジシクロヘキシルホスフィノ)-3,6-ジメトキシ-2’,4’,6’-トリイソプロピル-1,1’-ビフェニル
Xantphos:4,5-ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)-9,9-ジメチルキサンテン
Pd(dba)2:ビス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)パラジウム(0)
式(I)で表される本発明の化合物は、例えばスキーム1によって製造することができる。
[スキーム1]
化合物(I)は、クロロ体(II)とイミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-アミンを用いて、Buchwald/Hartwig型反応などのクロスカップリング反応でよく知られている条件を用いて製造することができる。すなわち、トルエン、THFやジオキサンなどの不活性な溶媒中、Pd(dba)2などのパラジウム触媒、ナトリウムtert-ブトキシド、炭酸カリウム、炭酸セシウムなどの塩基と、RuPhos、BrettPhos、Xantphosなどのリガンドを用いて反応を行う。イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-アミンは、クロロ体(II)に対し当量または過剰量用いることが好ましく、より好ましくは1当量から10当量である。反応は0℃から200℃の間で数分間から数日間、好ましくは20℃から150℃の間で、1時間から36時間反応させることにより合成することができる。もしくは、マイクロウェーブ合成装置を用い、例えば60℃から150℃の温度条件下で、数分から数時間反応させることによっても合成することができる。
[スキーム2]
化合物(II)は、ジクロロ体(III)と0.8~5モル当量、好ましくは0.8~1モル当量の化合物(IV)を溶媒中、加熱反応させることによって得ることができる。反応は必要に応じて、塩酸などの酸触媒、あるいは塩基を加えることができ、溶媒は、反応に不活性なものであればいずれでもよく、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、極性溶媒、好ましくはDMFやTHFなどを用いることができる。また、化合物(IV)が液体かつ反応点がアルコール性水酸基の場合は、化合物(IV)自体を溶媒として用いることもできる。反応は室温~溶媒の還流条件下において、3~24時間撹拌することで実施することができる。
スキーム2の原料として用いられるジクロロ体(III)は、例えばスキーム3に表す方法によって製造することができる。
[スキーム3]
ジクロロ体(III)は、4,6-ジクロロ-2-(メチルスルホニル)ピリミジン(V)とアミン(VI)を反応させることにより製造することができる。すなわち、ジクロロ体(III)は、4,6-ジクロロ-2-(メチルスルホニル)ピリミジン(V)と0.5~5モル当量、好ましくは1.2~2.0モル当量のアミン(VI)を溶媒中で反応させることによって得ることができる。反応は必要に応じて、塩酸などの酸触媒、あるいは塩基を加えることができ、溶媒は反応に不活性なものであればいずれでもよく、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、極性溶媒、好ましくはTHF、ジオキサンなどを用いることができる。反応は-78℃~溶媒の還流条件下において、1~24時間反応させることで実施することができるが、好ましくは-78~-70℃条件下0.5~2時間反応させることにより実施することができる。
スキーム3の原料の一つであるアミン(VI)は市販品として、または公知の方法もしくはそれに準じた方法により得ることができる。
ジクロロ体(III)は、スキーム3の4,6-ジクロロ-2-(メチルスルホニル)ピリミジン(V)の代わりに、2,4,6-トリクロロピリミジンを用い、同様な方法によっても製造することができる。
[スキーム4]
クロロ体(II)は、化合物(VII)とアミン(VI)を反応させることにより製造することができる。すなわち、クロロ体(II)は、化合物(VII)と0.5~2モル当量、好ましくは0.8~1.5モル当量のアミン(VI)を溶媒中で反応させることによって得ることができる。反応は必要に応じて、塩酸などの酸触媒、あるいは塩基を加えることができ、溶媒は反応に不活性なものであればいずれでもよく、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、極性溶媒、好ましくはEtOH、2-PrOHのアルコール溶媒、もしくはジオキサンやTHFなどを用いることができる。反応は-40℃~溶媒の還流条件下において、1~24時間反応させることで実施することができるが、好ましくは室温~溶媒の還流条件下1~16時間反応させることにより実施することができる。
スキーム4の原料として用いられる化合物(VII)は市販品として、または公知の方法もしくはそれに準じた方法により得ることができる。
本発明の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩は、経口投与、非経口投与または局所的投与に適した従来の薬学製剤(医薬組成物)の形態に調製することができる。
4-クロロ-N-(6-エトキシピリジン-3-イル)-6-モルホリノピリミジン-2-アミンの製造
5-アミノ-2-エトキシピリジン(0.5g、3.6mmol)のTHF溶液(5mL)を-78℃に冷却したのち、ナトリウムビス(トリメチルシリル)アミドのTHF溶液(2M、3mL、6.0mmol)を加え、10分間撹拌した。反応溶液に4,6-ジクロロ-2-(メチルスルホニル)ピリミジン(0.548g、2.4mmol)のTHF溶液(5mL)を滴下し、さらに1時間撹拌した。原料の消失を確認したのち、酢酸と水を加え、50%酢酸エチル/ヘキサンで抽出した。得られた有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させた。溶媒を留去して得られた残渣をカラムクロマトグラフィー(シリカゲル、酢酸エチル/ヘキサン)で精製し、4,6-ジクロロ-N-(6-エトキシピリジン-3-イル)ピリミジン-2-アミン(0.325g)を得た。
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ(ppm): 8.25 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (dd, J = 2.9, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (br. s, 1H), 6.77 - 6.74 (m, 2H), 4.35 (q, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.40 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H); LCMS(m/z) 285.1 [M+H]+.
4,6-ジクロロ-N-(6-エトキシピリジン-3-イル)ピリミジン-2-アミン(0.325g、1.14mmol)のDMF溶液(5mL)を0℃に冷却し、炭酸水素ナトリウム(0.191g、2.28mmol)とモルホリン(0.092g、1.05mmol)を加え、室温で16時間撹拌した。原料の消失を確認したのち、水を加えて、酢酸エチルで抽出した。得られた有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させた。溶媒を留去して得られた残渣をカラムクロマトグラフィー(シリカゲル、酢酸エチル/ヘキサン)で精製し、標記化合物(0.28g)を得た。
1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ(ppm): 9.36 (br. s, 1H), 8.36 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (dd, J = 2.7, 9.1Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 4.24 (q, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.65 - 3.56 (m, 8H), 1.29 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H); LCMS(m/z) 336.2 [M+H]+.
4-クロロ-6-モルホリノ-N-(ピリジン-4-イル)ピリミジン-2-アミンの製造
1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ(ppm): 9.22 - 9.18 (m, 2H), 7.20 - 6.88 (m, 4H), 3.75 - 3.65 (m, 8H); LCMS(m/z) 292.4 [M+H]+.
N2-(6-エトキシピリジン-3-イル)-N4-(イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)-6-モルホリノピリミジン-2,4-ジアミンの製造
1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ(ppm): 9.16 (s, 1H), 8.90 (br. s, 1H), 8.38 - 8.33 (m, 2H), 8.10 - 8.05 (m, 1H), 8.01 (dd, J = 2.7, 9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.05 - 7.00 (m, 1H), 6.78 - 6.70 (m,1H), 5.56 (s, 1H), 4.25 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.70 - 3.67 (m, 4H), 3.45 - 3.43 (m, 4H), 1.29 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H); LCMS(m/z) 433.3 [M+H]+.
以下の実施例化合物[表1-1]~[表1-40]は、それぞれ対応する原料(市販品、または市販化合物から公知の方法もしくはそれに準じた方法により誘導体化した化合物)を用い、上述の実施例7記載の方法に従い、必要に応じて、有機合成化学で通常用いられる方法を適宜組み合わせて製造した。
また、各々の化合物の物理化学データを[表2-1]~[表2-41]に示した。
本発明の化合物の抗マラリア活性の評価は、東京大学大学院医学系研究科の北潔教授より分与された、熱帯熱マラリア原虫(Plasmodium falciparum)の薬剤耐性株であるK1株および薬剤感受性株であるFCR3株を用いて、これらのマラリア原虫に対する化合物のin vitroにおける抗マラリア活性を乙黒らの方法(Otoguro, K., Kohana, A., Manabe, C., Ishiyama,A., Ui, H., Shiomi, K., Yamada, H. & Omura, S.: Potent antimalarial activity of polyether antibiotic, X-206. J. Antibiot., 54: 658-663, (2001))に従って測定した。
本発明の化合物は、in vitro抗マラリア活性試験において、強い抗マラリア活性を示した。本発明の代表化合物の培養熱帯熱マラリア原虫に対する抗マラリア活性を[表3-1]~[表3-8]に示す。抗マラリア活性は、IC50値が、0.1μM未満を***印、0.1μM以上1μM未満を**印、1μM以上10μM未満を*印で示した。また試験が未実施の場合はNT(Not Tested)印で示した。
本発明の化合物のネズミマラリア原虫P. berghei N株(薬剤感受性株)感染実験モデルに対するin vivoでの治療効果を前述の乙黒ら(2001)の方法およびPetersらの方法(Peters, W., Portus, J. H. and Robinson, B. L.: The chemotherapy of rodent malaria. XXII. The value of drug-resistant strains of P. berghei in Screening for blood schizonticidal activity. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 69: 155-171, (1975))を若干改変して測定した。ネズミマラリア原虫P. berghei N株は、Dr.W.Peters(Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Meddlesex, 英国)より分与を受けた。
供試動物としてはICRマウス(日本チャールス・リバー社)の雄、体重18~20gの一群3匹を用いた。in vivo passageにて維持・継代した原虫を2×106個の寄生虫感染赤血球を調整し、尾静脈接種にて感染させた。治療実験は1日間suppressive testで行った。感染日を0日目として、感染2時間後に被験化合物溶液(溶媒:3%DMSO/0.5%メチルセルロース400溶液もしくは懸濁液)を腹腔内(i.p.)に1~3回投与し、4日目に尾静脈より血液塗末標本を作成し、原虫感染赤血球率(parasitaemia)を観察し、化合物非投与群の感染率より治療効果(阻害%)を判定した。有意差検定はDunnett検定で行った。
Claims (6)
- 下式(I):
環Aは、R1、R2およびR3で置換されていてもよい、N原子を1個以上有する6員のヘテロアリール基であり;
Zは、置換されていてもよいアルコキシ基、置換されていてもよいアミノ基、置換されていてもよいヘテロシクロアルキル基または置換されていてもよいヘテロアリール基であり;および
R1、R2およびR3は、各々独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換されていてもよいアルキル基、置換されていてもよいシクロアルキル基、置換されていてもよいアルコキシ基、置換されていてもよいシクロアルキルオキシ基、置換されていてもよいヘテロシクロアルキルオキシ基、置換されていてもよいフェノキシ基、置換されていてもよいアミノ基、ニトロ基およびヒドロキシ基からなる群から選択される)
で示される化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩。 - 環Aが、置換されていてもよい、N原子を1個有する6員のヘテロアリール基である、請求項1記載の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩。
- 環Aが、置換されていてもよい、N原子を2個有する6員のヘテロアリール基である、請求項1記載の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩、および医薬的に許容される担体を含む、医薬組成物。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩を有効成分として含む、マラリア原虫類の感染症治療剤。
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WO2015165660A1 (en) | 2014-04-28 | 2015-11-05 | Mmv Medicines For Malaria Venture | Triaminopyrimidine compounds useful for preventing or treating malaria |
WO2016175264A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-03 | カルナバイオサイエンス株式会社 | 抗マラリア活性を有する新規ヘテロアリール誘導体 |
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