WO2023002965A1 - 抗マラリア活性を有するヘテロ環化合物の塩及びその結晶 - Google Patents
抗マラリア活性を有するヘテロ環化合物の塩及びその結晶 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023002965A1 WO2023002965A1 PCT/JP2022/027971 JP2022027971W WO2023002965A1 WO 2023002965 A1 WO2023002965 A1 WO 2023002965A1 JP 2022027971 W JP2022027971 W JP 2022027971W WO 2023002965 A1 WO2023002965 A1 WO 2023002965A1
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- trifluoromethyl
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
- A61P33/02—Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis
- A61P33/06—Antimalarials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/455—Nicotinic acids, e.g. niacin; Derivatives thereof, e.g. esters, amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C57/00—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C57/02—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
- C07C57/13—Dicarboxylic acids
- C07C57/145—Maleic acid
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a salt of a heterocyclic compound having antimalarial activity and a crystal thereof.
- the invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said salts or said crystals.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 Malaria is a life-threatening infection caused by Plasmodium falciparum. It is estimated that more than 200 million people were infected and more than 400,000 died in 2018, many of them children in African countries. Many countries, companies and scientists are actively working together to eradicate malaria.
- the current standard treatment for malaria is combination therapy with artemisinin. It has been reported that combination therapy with artemisinin results in a high incidence of resistance (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2). Therefore, there is a need for new compounds with new mechanisms of action.
- Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is a common part of all eukaryotes and plays a role in anchoring many proteins to the cell surface.
- Gwt1p one of the essential enzymes in the GPI biosynthetic pathway, has been reported to acylate inositol (see Non-Patent Documents 3 to 6).
- Patent Document 1 is a prior art regarding an antimalarial drug based on such a mechanism.
- Patent Document 1 describes a heterocyclic compound having antimalarial activity by inhibiting the activity of GWT1 gene product derived from malaria parasite, thereby inhibiting GPI biosynthesis.
- the compounds disclosed in Patent Document 1 have 2-benzylpyridine as a common structure, and are clearly different in structure from the compounds according to the present invention.
- Patent Document 2 is a prior art that is structurally most similar to the compound according to the present invention.
- Patent Document 2 discloses N-unsubstituted diaminopyridine derivatives.
- Patent Document 2 does not disclose any 5-substituted diaminopyridine derivative as well as the compound according to the present invention.
- compound (I) has antimalarial activity. Therefore, compound (I) has potential as a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for malaria.
- an object of the present specification is to provide pharmaceutically acceptable salts and crystals thereof of compound (I) having applicability as drug substances for pharmaceuticals.
- ⁇ 1> Formula (I) below 2,6-diamino-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-N-(4- ⁇ [(2R)-1,1 ,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl]oxy ⁇ benzyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide monophosphate or monomaleate.
- a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for malaria comprising the salt according to ⁇ 1> or the crystal according to any one of ⁇ 2> to ⁇ 26>.
- a method for preventing malaria in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of the salt of ⁇ 1> above or the crystal of any one of ⁇ 2> to ⁇ 26> above. or treatment method.
- the salt according to ⁇ 1> or the crystal according to any one of ⁇ 2> to ⁇ 26> for use in a method for preventing or treating malaria.
- FIG. 1 is a powder X-ray diffraction pattern of ⁇ crystals of compound (I) monophosphate obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. The horizontal axis indicates the diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ), and the vertical axis indicates the peak intensity.
- 2 is a powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the ⁇ crystal form of compound (I) monophosphate obtained in Example 2.
- FIG. The horizontal axis indicates the diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ), and the vertical axis indicates the peak intensity.
- 3 is a powder X-ray diffraction pattern of crystals of compound (I) monomaleate obtained in Example 3.
- FIG. The horizontal axis indicates the diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ), and the vertical axis indicates the peak intensity.
- FIG. 4 is a 13 C solid-state NMR spectrum of ⁇ -crystal of compound (I) monophosphate obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. The horizontal axis indicates chemical shift ( ⁇ ), and the vertical axis indicates peak intensity.
- 5 is a 13 C solid-state NMR spectrum of the ⁇ crystal of compound (I) monophosphate obtained in Example 2.
- FIG. The horizontal axis indicates chemical shift ( ⁇ ), and the vertical axis indicates peak intensity.
- 6 is a 13 C solid-state NMR spectrum of the compound (I) monomaleate crystal obtained in Example 3.
- FIG. The horizontal axis indicates chemical shift ( ⁇ ), and the vertical axis indicates peak intensity.
- 7 is a thermal analysis TG-DTA chart of ⁇ crystals of compound (I) monohydrochloride obtained in Example 1.
- the horizontal axis indicates the temperature, the left vertical axis indicates the weight change of the TG, and the right vertical axis indicates the heat flow of the DTA.
- 8 is a thermal analysis TG-DTA chart of ⁇ crystals of compound (I) monophosphate obtained in Example 2.
- FIG. The horizontal axis indicates the temperature, the left vertical axis indicates the weight change of the TG, and the right vertical axis indicates the heat flow of the DTA.
- 9 is a thermal analysis TG-DTA chart of crystals of compound (I) monomaleate obtained in Example 3.
- FIG. The horizontal axis indicates the temperature, the left vertical axis indicates the weight change of the TG, and the right vertical axis indicates the heat flow of the DTA.
- salt means a chemical substance consisting of compound (I), which is a basic component, and a specific equivalent number of acid relative to compound (I).
- salts with inorganic acids includes, for example, salts with inorganic acids, salts with organic acids, salts with acidic amino acids, etc. Among them, pharmaceutically acceptable salts are preferred.
- salts with inorganic acids include salts with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.
- salts with organic acids include salts with acetic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, and the like.
- Acids, salts with organic carboxylic acids such as maleic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, stearic acid, and benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid (mesylic acid), ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid (tosylic acid) and other salts with organic sulfonic acids, among which phosphoric acid and maleic acid are preferred.
- organic carboxylic acids such as maleic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, stearic acid, and benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid (mesylic acid), ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid (tosylic acid) and other salts with organic sulfonic acids, among which phosphoric acid and maleic acid are preferred.
- salts with acidic amino acids include salts with aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and the like.
- the salts herein may be anhydrides, hydrates or solvates.
- the term hydrate or solvate refers to a solid formed by combining compound (I) or a salt thereof with water molecules or solvent molecules, and the solid may be a crystal.
- Commonly used solvents for solvates include ketone solvents such as acetone, 2-butanone and cyclohexanone; ester solvents such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate; ether solvents; alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol and isopropanol; and polar solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide.
- the number of water molecules or solvent molecules for compound (I) or a salt thereof is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, one or two.
- crystal means an anhydride or hydrate crystal of compound (I) or a salt thereof.
- preferred crystals of monophosphate and monomaleate of compound (I) are: ⁇ crystals of compound (I) monophosphate having a diffraction peak at a diffraction angle (2 ⁇ 0.2°) of 6.2° in powder X-ray diffraction using CuK ⁇ as an X-ray source; Compound (I) monophosphate having diffraction peaks at diffraction angles (2 ⁇ 0.2°) of 6.2°, 12.5° and 14.3° in powder X-ray diffraction using CuK ⁇ as an X-ray source alpha crystals of salt; Diffraction peaks at diffraction angles (2 ⁇ 0.2°) of 6.2°, 11.1°, 12.5°, 14.3° and 24.9° in powder X-ray diffraction using CuK ⁇ as an X-ray source ⁇ crystals of compound (I) monophosphate, having In powder X-ray diffraction using CuK ⁇ as an X-ray source, diffraction angles (2 ⁇ ⁇ 0.2°)
- the diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) in powder X-ray diffraction can have an error within the range of ⁇ 0.2°, so the above diffraction angle values include values within the range of about ⁇ 0.2°. need to be understood. Therefore, in a specific compound or a salt thereof, not only crystals in which the diffraction angles of peaks in powder X-ray diffraction completely match, but also crystals in which the diffraction angles of peaks match with an error of about ⁇ 0.2° are identical. , are included in the present invention.
- the peak intensity or half-value width of the diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) in powder X-ray diffraction varies depending on the difference in measurement conditions and the size and shape of each particle of the powder crystal used as the measurement sample, even if the crystal form is the same. Due to variability, measurements do not always exhibit constant peak intensities or half-height widths, which vary from one measurement to the next. Therefore, even if there is a difference in peak intensity or half-value width at the same diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) in comparison of powder X-ray diffraction patterns, the difference does not mean that the difference originates from a different crystal form. Therefore, with respect to diffraction peaks characteristic of a particular crystal of the present invention, it means that the crystal of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern having such a difference is of the same crystal form as the crystal of the present invention.
- the powder X-ray diffraction pattern having a characteristic diffraction peak is Not only when the powder X-ray diffraction pattern shown in 1 completely matches, but also when the peak intensity or half width is different, or the diffraction angle of the characteristic diffraction peak matches within an error range of ⁇ 0.2 ° , meaning the same powder X-ray diffraction pattern as the powder X-ray diffraction pattern shown in FIG. Therefore, it means that all crystals having such powder X-ray diffraction patterns are the same crystals as the crystals of the present invention.
- the chemical shift ⁇ in the 13 C solid-state NMR spectrum can generally have an error within ⁇ 0.5 ppm, so the above chemical shift value should be understood to include values within the range of about ⁇ 0.5 ppm. Therefore, the present invention includes not only crystals whose chemical shifts in the 13 C solid-state NMR spectrum match perfectly, but also crystals whose chemical shifts match with an error of about ⁇ 0.5 ppm. Therefore, in this specification, for example, “having a chemical shift ( ⁇ ⁇ 0.5 ppm) peak at 157.2 ppm” means “having a chemical shift ( ⁇ ) peak in the range of 156.7 ppm to 157.7 ppm". The same is true for chemical shifts in other 13 C solid-state NMR spectra.
- a crystal having a 13 C solid-state NMR spectrum substantially identical to the 13 C solid-state NMR spectrum shown in FIG. 4" means that the 13 C solid-state NMR spectrum having a certain chemical shift peak is
- the 13 C solid state shown in FIG. 4 not only has perfect agreement with the 13 C solid state NMR spectrum, but also has different peak intensities or matches characteristic peaks within a chemical shift of ⁇ 0.5 ppm or so. It is meant to be a crystal with a 13 C solid-state NMR spectrum identical to the NMR spectrum. Therefore, all crystals having such a 13 C solid-state NMR spectrum are the same crystals as the crystals of the present invention.
- Compound (I) may be produced by a method well known to those skilled in the art.
- compound (I) can be synthesized by the method described in Reference Examples below.
- the salt of compound (I) according to the present specification can be obtained by a conventional method for producing a salt. Specifically, for example, compound (I) is heated as necessary to suspend or dissolve in a solvent, and then an acid is added to the resulting suspension or solution, which is then cooled at room temperature or cooled. It can be produced by stirring or standing for several minutes to several days while stirring. By these production methods, the salt of compound (I) can be obtained as a crystal or amorphous. Amorphous materials can also be obtained by subjecting these production methods to further operations such as freeze-drying, if necessary.
- solvents used here include alcohol solvents such as ethanol, 1-propanol and isopropanol; acetonitrile; ketone solvents such as acetone and 2-butanone; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate; Hydrogen-based solvent; ether-based solvents such as t-butyl methyl ether, and water can be mentioned. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Crystals of compound (I) or a salt thereof can be produced by the above-described method for producing compound (I) or a method for producing a salt thereof, or the compound ( It can also be produced by dissolving I) or a salt thereof in a solvent by heating and cooling with stirring to crystallize.
- Compound (I) or a salt thereof used for crystallization may be in any form, may be a solvate, hydrate or anhydrate, and may be amorphous or crystalline (from multiple crystal polymorphs). or a mixture thereof.
- Solvents used for crystallization include alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and 1-propanol; acetonitrile; amide solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate; ketone solvents such as acetone and 2-butanone; ether solvents such as t-butyl methyl ether; and water. Moreover, these solvents may be used alone, or two or more of them may be mixed and used.
- the amount of the solvent to be used can be appropriately selected with the lower limit being the amount at which compound (I) or a salt thereof dissolves by heating or the amount at which the suspension can be stirred, and the upper limit being the amount at which the yield of crystals does not significantly decrease. .
- seed crystals may or may not be added.
- the temperature at which seed crystals are added is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0 to 80°C.
- the temperature at which compound (I) or a salt thereof dissolves may be appropriately selected depending on the solvent. It is the range of temperature at which reflux starts, more preferably 55 to 80°C.
- Cooling during crystallization may give crystals with different forms (polymorphs) if quenched, so it is desirable to adjust the cooling rate as appropriate in consideration of the effect on crystal quality, particle size, etc. , preferably cooling at a rate of, for example, 5 to 40° C./hour. Cooling at a rate of, for example, 5 to 25° C./hour is more preferred.
- the final crystallization temperature can be appropriately selected depending on the yield and quality of crystals, but is preferably -25 to 30°C.
- Crystallized crystals are separated by a normal filtration operation, and if necessary, the filtered crystals are washed with a solvent and further dried to obtain the desired crystals.
- the solvent used for washing the crystals may be the same as the crystallization solvent.
- Preferred examples include ethanol, acetone, 2-butanone, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, t-butyl methyl ether, hexane and the like.
- these solvents may be used alone, or two or more of them may be mixed and used.
- the crystals separated by filtration can be dried by leaving them in the atmosphere or under a nitrogen stream, or by heating.
- the drying time may be appropriately selected according to the amount of production, drying equipment, drying temperature, etc. until the amount of residual solvent drops below a predetermined amount. Moreover, drying can be performed under ventilation or under reduced pressure. The degree of pressure reduction may be appropriately selected according to the amount of production, the drying apparatus, the drying temperature, and the like. The obtained crystals can be left in the atmosphere after drying, if necessary.
- the salt of compound (I) and its crystals obtained by the production method described above have the potential to be used as prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents for malaria, as demonstrated by the activity data in the pharmacological test examples described later. have.
- [Pharmaceutical composition] Another embodiment of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition containing a salt of compound (I) or a crystal thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable additive.
- a pharmaceutical composition can be produced by mixing a pharmaceutically acceptable additive with a salt of compound (I) or a crystal thereof.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention can be produced according to known methods such as those described in the General Rules for Pharmaceutical Preparations of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 17th Edition.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to this embodiment can be appropriately administered to a patient according to its dosage form.
- the pharmaceutical composition can be orally administered in the form of solid formulations such as tablets, granules, fine granules, powders, and capsules, or liquid formulations, jelly formulations, syrup formulations, and the like.
- Pharmaceutical compositions may also be administered parenterally in the form of injections, suppositories, ointments, poultices, and the like.
- a salt of compound (I) or a crystal thereof may be added as additives such as excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, coloring agents, flavoring agents, etc.
- additives such as excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, coloring agents, flavoring agents, etc.
- tablets, granules, fine granules, powders, capsules, etc. can be prepared by a conventional method.
- the above-mentioned additives can be appropriately combined into a formulation.
- these tablets, granules and the like may be coated as necessary.
- Excipients include, for example, lactose, white sugar, glucose, corn starch, mannitol, sorbitol, starch, pregelatinized starch, dextrin, crystalline cellulose, and calcium hydrogen phosphate.
- binders examples include methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, gum arabic, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and hydroxypropylcellulose.
- disintegrants include low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, croscarmellose sodium, carboxymethylstarch sodium, crospovidone, and the like.
- lubricants examples include talc, silica, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, sodium stearyl fumarate, and polyethylene glycol.
- coloring agents include iron sesquioxide, yellow iron sesquioxide, carmine, ⁇ -carotene, titanium oxide, sodium riboflavin phosphate, yellow aluminum lake, and cochineal.
- Flavoring agents include, for example, cocoa powder, ascorbic acid, tartaric acid, peppermint oil, borneol, and cinnamon powder.
- pH adjusters When preparing injections, pH adjusters, buffers, suspending agents, solubilizers, stabilizing agents, tonicity agents, preservatives, etc. are added to the main drug, if necessary.
- Subcutaneous, intramuscular injections, and intravenous infusions can be used. At that time, if necessary, it can be lyophilized by a conventional method.
- pH adjusters and buffers examples include hydrochloric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium dihydrogen citrate, glycine, phosphoric acid, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium monohydrogen phosphate, Examples include sodium hydroxide, acetic acid, sodium acetate, and meglumine.
- Suspending agents include, for example, sodium alginate, sucrose fatty acid ester, polysorbate 80, gum arabic, tragacanth powder, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate.
- solubilizing agents include polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polysorbate 80, nicotinamide, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, glycerin fatty acid ester, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, benzyl benzoate, ethanol, triethanolamine, etc.
- stabilizers examples include sodium sulfite and sodium metasulfite.
- tonicity agents examples include glucose, mannitol, and sorbitol.
- preservatives examples include methyl paraoxybenzoate, ethyl parahydroxybenzoate, sorbic acid, phenol, cresol, and chlorocresol.
- the dose of compound (I) according to the present invention varies depending on the degree of symptoms, age, sex, body weight, dosage form/type of salt, specific type of disease, etc., but usually 1 About 30 ⁇ g to 10 g, preferably 100 ⁇ g to 5 g, more preferably 100 ⁇ g to 1 g per day for oral administration, and about 30 ⁇ g to 1 g, preferably 100 ⁇ g to 500 mg, more preferably 100 ⁇ g to 300 mg for injection administration, once or several times per day. Administer in divided doses.
- Crystals of compound (I) of the present invention can be produced, for example, by the methods described in the following Examples, and the effects of the compound can be confirmed by the methods described in the following Test Examples. can.
- Root temperature in the following examples and reference examples usually indicates about 10°C to about 35°C. % indicates percent by weight unless otherwise specified.
- the optical purity ee was calculated using Shimadzu Chiral HPLC.
- Compound (I) can be produced, for example, by the method described in the Reference Examples below, and its effects can be confirmed by the methods described in the Test Examples below.
- Step 1 Synthesis of (R)-4-((1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl)oxy)benzonitrile Potassium tert-butoxide (3.47 g, 30.9 mmol) suspended in THF (35 mL) To the turbid solution was added (R)-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-ol (2.00 mL, 21.7 mmol) at 0° C. under a nitrogen stream with stirring. After 10 minutes, a THF solution (35 mL) of 4-fluorobenzonitrile (2.5 g, 20.6 mmol) was added dropwise, and after stirring for 1 hour, the temperature was returned to room temperature.
- Step 2 Synthesis of (R)-(4-((1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)methanamine (R)-4-((1,1,1-trifluoropropane
- 2-yl)oxy)benzonitrile 4.1 g, 19.1 mmol
- 1M borane tetrahydrofuran complex 38.1 mL, 38.1 mmol
- Step 3 Synthesis of 2,6-diamino-5-iodonicotinic acid NIS (1.63 g, 7.24 mmol) was added in portions over 5 minutes. The starting material was crushed into small pieces by heating and sonication and utilized. The reaction solution was diluted with 1M NaOH and then partitioned with EtOAc. The aqueous layer was acidified to pH 6 with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The precipitate was filtered and washed with water and EtOAc. After drying under reduced pressure, the title compound (1.28 g) was obtained.
- 1H NMR 600MHz, DMSO-d6) ⁇ ppm 6.35(br s, 2H) 6.97(br s, 2H) 8.01(s, 1H) 12.15(br s, 1H)
- Step 4 Synthesis of (R)-2,6-diamino-5-iodo-N-(4-((1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl)oxy)benzyl)nicotinamide 2,6- HOBT ⁇ H 2 O (0.659 g, 4.30 mmol) and EDC ⁇ HCl (0.824 g, 4.30 mmol) were added to a solution of diamino-5-iodonicotinic acid (1 g, 3.58 mmol) in DMSO (10 mL) with stirring. ) was added.
- Step 5 2,6-diamino-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-N-(4- ⁇ [(2R)-1,1, Synthesis of 1-trifluoropropan-2-yl]oxy ⁇ benzyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (compound (I)) (R)-2,6-diamino-5-iodo-N-(4-((1, 1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl)oxy)benzyl)nicotinamide (120 mg, 0.25 mmol), 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (47.9 mg, 0.25 mmol).
- Step 1 Synthesis of 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole Into a solution of hydrazine monohydrate (100 mL, 2052 mmol) in EtOH (2.6 L) was stirred at 10° C. trifluoro Ethyl acetate (257 mL, 2161 mmol) (CAS 383-63-1, Fluorochem) was added dropwise and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. Iminoformamidoacetic acid (247 g, 2377 mmol) was added and the reaction was heated to reflux for 9 hours. After adding AcOH (148 mL, 2585 mmol), EtOH was removed by an evaporator.
- Step 2 Synthesis of (2,6-dipivalamidopyridin-3-yl)boronic acid N,N'-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(2,2-dimethylpropanamide) (80g, 288mmol) ) in THF (1 L), n-BuLi (2.5 M hexane solution, 400 mL, 1000 mmol) was added dropwise at ⁇ 70° C. under nitrogen stream. The reaction solution was heated to 0° C., stirred for 16 hours, cooled to ⁇ 60° C., and triisopropyl borate (233 mL, 1009 mmol) was added dropwise. The mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 90 minutes, then cooled to 0° C.
- n-BuLi 2.5 M hexane solution, 400 mL, 1000 mmol
- Step 3 N,N'-(3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(2,2-dimethylpropane
- (2,6-dipivalamidopyridin-3-yl)boronic acid 30 g, 93.4 mmol
- DMF 600 mL
- copper(II) acetate (1.70 g, 9.34 mmol
- pyridine 18.9 mL, 234 mmol
- Step 4 N,N′-(3-bromo-5-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(2, Synthesis of N,N'-(3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(2-dimethylpropanamide) ,2-dimethylpropanamide) (76.1 g, 184 mmol) in DMF (1 L) was added with NBS (34.5 g, 194 mmol) at room temperature with stirring. The reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C.
- Step 5 Synthesis of ethyl 2,6-dipivalamido-5-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)nicotinic acid EtOH (152 mL), toluene (1.1 L) and Et 3 N (443 mL, 3176 mmol) solution was gas-exchanged with nitrogen bubbling for 1 hour. N,N'-(3-bromo-5-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(2,6-diyl) was added to this solution.
- Step 6 Synthesis of 2,6-diamino-5-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)nicotinic acid Ethyl 2,6-dipivalamido-5-(3- To a solution of (trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)nicotinic acid (84 g, 174 mmol) in IMS (432 mL) was added 4 M NaOH aqueous solution (867 mL, 3467 mmol) at 80° C. with stirring. rice field.
- Step 7 2,6-diamino-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-N-(4- ⁇ [(2R)-1,1, Synthesis of 1-trifluoropropan-2-yl]oxy ⁇ benzyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (compound (I)) 2,6-diamino-5-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2, To a solution of 4-triazol-1-yl)nicotinic acid (44.6 g, 155 mmol) and TBTU (52.2 g, 163 mmol) in DMF (650 mL) was added DIPEA (108 mL, 619 mmol) under stirring at room temperature.
- Example 1 Preparation of ⁇ -type Crystals of Monophosphate of Compound (I) To an acetonitrile solution (150 mL) of compound (I) (5 g) was added an acetonitrile solution (50 mL) of phosphoric acid (1.20 g) at room temperature for 10 minutes. Dripped. After dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, and the precipitated solid was collected by filtration, washed with acetonitrile (20 mL), and air-dried to obtain the title crystal (5.68 g).
- Fig. 1 shows the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the ⁇ -type crystal of monophosphate of compound (I) obtained by the above method
- Fig. 4 shows the 13C solid-state NMR spectrum
- Fig. 7 shows the thermal analysis TG-DTA chart. each shown.
- Example 2 Preparation of ⁇ -type crystals of monophosphate of compound (I)
- Compound (I) (about 300 mg) was dissolved in acetone (3.5 mL), and 42 ⁇ L of phosphoric acid (1 equivalent to compound (I)) was added. was added dropwise, and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. Thereafter, 1 mL of heptane was added and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, and the precipitated solid was collected by filtration to obtain the title crystals.
- Powder X-ray diffraction peaks (transmission method, 2 ⁇ 0.2°): 5.6°, 9.0°, 16.0°, 18.5°, 19.5°, 19.9°, 22.8 °, 23.9 ° 13 C-NMR (100 MHz, solid state) ⁇ ( ⁇ 0.5 ppm): 11.2 ppm, 73.2 ppm, 103.2 ppm, 115.0 ppm, 117.9 ppm, 127.7 ppm, 129.3 ppm, 165.5 ppm
- the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the ⁇ -type crystal of monophosphate of compound (I) obtained by the above method is shown in FIG. 2, the 13 C solid-state NMR spectrum is shown in FIG. 5, and the thermal analysis TG-DTA chart is shown in FIG. each shown.
- Example 3 Preparation of Monomaleic Acid Crystals of Compound (I) To a methyl tert-butyl ether solution (200 mL) of compound (I) (6.5 g) was added a methyl tert-butyl ether solution (60 mL) of maleic acid (1.573 g) at room temperature. It was added dropwise over a period of 15 minutes. After the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, and the precipitated salt was collected by filtration using filter paper (5 ⁇ m), washed with methyl tert-butyl ether (26 mL), and air-dried on the filter paper to obtain the title crystals (6. 52g).
- Powder X-ray diffraction peaks (transmission method, 2 ⁇ 0.2°): 8.5°, 9.9°, 17.0°, 18.2°, 19.8°, 20.8°, 22.2 °, 22.8 °, 24.3 °, 25.3 °.
- the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of crystals of the monomaleate salt of compound (I) obtained by the above method is shown in FIG. 3, the 13 C solid-state NMR spectrum is shown in FIG. 6, and the thermal analysis TG-DTA chart is shown in FIG. .
- X-ray source Cu-K ⁇ Voltage: 45kV Current: 200mA
- Optical system Condensing optical system
- Solar slit 2.5°
- Detector D/teX Ultra 250 (one-dimensional semiconductor detector)
- Sample holder aluminum holder and mylar film
- the protozoan-infected red blood cells were diluted with RPMI1640 medium supplemented with 10% human plasma and 2% human fresh red blood cells (percentage of protozoan-infected red blood cells: 0.25-1%). Culturing was performed under a mixed gas of 5% O 2 -5% CO 2 -90% N 2 at , and continuous culture was performed by exchanging the medium and adding fresh erythrocytes every 2 to 3 days. The protozoan infection rate was maintained in the range of 0.25-10%.
- the drug susceptibility test was carried out according to the method of Desjardins et al. (1979)) was modified.
- test compounds in addition to compound (I), artemisinin and chloroquine, which are existing antimalarial agents, were used as control compounds.
- the protozoan suspension pre-cultured in each well of a 96-well plate (hematocrit value: 2%, protozoan-infected red blood cell rate: 0.75-1%) is 199 ⁇ L, and the final concentration is 1-0.001 ⁇ g/mL.
- DMSO solution test compound solution serially diluted in concentration as described above and mixing
- culture was performed for 72 hours under the aforementioned mixed gas.
- Protozoan proliferation was measured by the method of Makler et al. Am. J. Med.
- Hyg., 48:739-741 (1993)) was modified to use a method for colorimetric determination of protozoan lactate dehydrogenase (p-LDH). Specifically, after 72 hours of culture, the 96-well plate was directly frozen at ⁇ 20° C. for one day and night, and then thawed at 37° C. to hemolyze protozoan-infected erythrocytes and destroy the protozoa to prepare a crude enzyme solution.
- p-LDH protozoan lactate dehydrogenase
- enzyme reaction solution 110 mM lithium lactate, 0.5 mM acetylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide, 50 mM Tris (pH 7.5), 10 mM EDTA, 50 mM KCl and 15 g/L PEG6000
- enzyme reaction solution 110 mM lithium lactate, 0.5 mM acetylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide, 50 mM Tris (pH 7.5), 10 mM EDTA, 50 mM KCl and 15 g/L PEG6000
- 20 ⁇ L of the solution was added and mixed, and after reacting at room temperature for 30 minutes, 20 ⁇ L of a 1:1 mixture of nitroblue tetrazolium 2 mg/mL solution and phenazine ethosulfate 0.1 mg/mL solution was added to each well, and the reaction was performed under light-shielding conditions. , at room temperature for 1.5 hours.
- a blue formazan product produced by the reaction was detected by measuring absorbance at a measurement wavelength of 660 nm using a microplate reader, and the presence or absence of protozoan proliferation was quantified colorimetrically.
- the 50% protozoan growth inhibitory concentration ( IC50 value) of the compound was determined from the compound concentration-effect curve.
- Compound (I) exhibited IC 50 values of 0.026 ⁇ g/mL (0.053 ⁇ M) and 0.043 ⁇ g/mL (0.089 ⁇ M) against Plasmodium falciparum strains 3D7 and K1, respectively.
- the Plasmodium falciparum Pf3D7 0087/N9 strain used in this test was derived from the research described in Reference Document (1) below.
- Female NSG (NOD-scid IL-2R ⁇ null) immunodeficient mice were transplanted with human erythrocytes and maintained at 40% or more human erythrocytes in total erythrocytes in peripheral blood throughout the study period. Suspend human erythrocytes in RP1640 medium supplemented with 25% inactivated human serum and 3.1 mM hypoxanthine to a concentration of 50 to 75%, and administer 1 mL intraperitoneally or 0.7 mL intravenously to each mouse.
- a second possibility is that stopping the proliferation of the protozoa during the first infection cycle during the blood stage could eliminate the parasites before the onset of malaria symptoms.
- the preventive effect in the blood stage it is reported in the following reference (5) that it can be confirmed in a mouse model using rodent malaria parasites. It is considered that the preventive effect targeting the period can be demonstrated.
- Hovlid ML, Winzeler EA Phenotypic screens in antimalarial drug discovery.
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Abstract
Description
<1>下記式(I)
<2>下記式(I)
<3>CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)6.2°に回折ピークを有する、下記式(I)
<4>CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)6.2°、12.5°及び14.3°に回折ピークを有する、下記式(I)
<5>CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)6.2°、11.1°、12.5°、14.3°及び24.9°に回折ピークを有する、下記式(I)
<5-2>CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)6.2°、11.1°、12.5°、14.3°、16.7°、19.7°、21.5°、22.4°、24.9°及び28.7°に回折ピークを有する、下記式(I)
<6>CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、図1に示される粉末X線回折パターンと実質的に同一の粉末X線回折パターンを有する、下記式(I)
<7>グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)157.2ppmにピークを有する、下記式(I)
<8>グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)41.4ppm、157.2ppm及び162.7ppmにピークを有する、下記式(I)
<9>グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)41.4ppm、144.0ppm、146.5ppm、157.2ppm及び162.7ppmにピークを有する、下記式(I)
<9-2>グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)41.4ppm、69.7ppm、106.3ppm、113.3ppm、119.0ppm、144.0ppm、146.5ppm、152.0ppm、157.2ppm及び162.7ppmにピークを有する、下記式(I)
<10>グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、図4に示される13C固体NMRスペクトルと実質的に同一の13C固体NMRスペクトルを有する、下記式(I)
<11>CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)5.6°に回折ピークを有する、下記式(I)
<12>CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)5.6°、9.0°及び16.0°に回折ピークを有する、下記式(I)
<13>CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)5.6°、9.0°、16.0°、22.8°及び23.9°に回折ピークを有する、下記式(I)
<13-2>CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)5.6°、9.0°、16.0°、18.5°、19.5°、19.9°、22.8°及び23.9°に回折ピークを有する、下記式(I)
<14>CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、図2に示される粉末X線回折パターンと実質的に同一の粉末X線回折パターンを有する、下記式(I)
<15>グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)129.3ppmにピークを有する、下記式(I)
<16>グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)11.2ppm、115.0ppm及び129.3ppmにピークを有する、下記式(I)
<17>グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)11.2ppm、115.0ppm、117.9ppm、129.3ppm及び165.5ppmにピークを有する、下記式(I)
<17-2>グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)11.2ppm、73.2ppm、103.2ppm、115.0ppm、117.9ppm、127.7ppm、129.3ppm及び165.5ppmにピークを有する、下記式(I)
<18>グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、図5に示される13C固体NMRスペクトルと実質的に同一の13C固体NMRスペクトルを有する、下記式(I)
<19>CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)17.0°に回折ピークを有する、下記式(I)
<20>CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)17.0°、18.2°及び25.3°に回折ピークを有する、下記式(I)
<21>CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)8.5°、9.9°、17.0°、18.2°及び25.3°に回折ピークを有する、下記式(I)
<21-2>CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)8.5°、9.9°、17.0°、18.2°、19.8°、20.8°、22.2°、22.8°、24.3°及び25.3°に回折ピークを有する、下記式(I)
<22>CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、図3に示される粉末X線回折パターンと実質的に同一の粉末X線回折パターンを有する、下記式(I)
<23>グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)172.6ppmにピークを有する、下記式(I)
<24>グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)132.0ppm、170.2ppm及び172.6ppmにピークを有する、下記式(I)
<25>グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)98.5ppm、105.2ppm、132.0ppm、170.2ppm及び172.6ppmにピークを有する、下記式(I)
<25-2>グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)13.4ppm、15.2ppm、40.5ppm、73.7ppm、98.5ppm、105.2ppm、132.0ppm、140.5ppm、164.8ppm、170.2ppm及び172.6ppmにピークを有する、下記式(I)
<26>グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、図6に示される13C固体NMRスペクトルと実質的に同一の13C固体NMRスペクトルを有する、下記式(I)
<27>上記<1>に記載の塩又は上記<2>~<26>のいずれか一つに記載の結晶を含む医薬組成物。
<28>上記<1>に記載の塩又は上記<2>~<26>のいずれか一つに記載の結晶を含むマラリアの予防剤又は治療剤。
<29>上記<1>に記載の塩又は上記<2>~<26>のいずれか一つに記載の結晶の有効量を哺乳動物に投与することを含む、該哺乳動物におけるマラリアの予防方法又は治療方法。
<30>マラリアを予防又は治療する方法に使用するための上記<1>に記載の塩又は上記<2>~<26>のいずれか一つに記載の結晶。
<31>マラリアの予防又は治療のための医薬組成物を製造するための上記<1>に記載の塩又は上記<2>~<26>のいずれか一つに記載の結晶の使用。
CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回折において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)6.2°に回折ピークを有する、化合物(I)一リン酸塩のα結晶;
CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回折において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)6.2°、12.5°及び14.3°に回折ピークを有する、化合物(I)一リン酸塩のα結晶;
CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回折において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)6.2°、11.1°、12.5°、14.3°及び24.9°に回折ピークを有する、化合物(I)一リン酸塩のα結晶;
CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)6.2°、11.1°、12.5°、14.3°、16.7°、19.7°、21.5°、22.4°、24.9°及び28.7°に回折ピークを有する、化合物(I)一リン酸塩のα結晶;
CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、図1に示される粉末X線回折パターンと実質的に同一の粉末X線回折パターンを有する、化合物(I)一リン酸塩のα結晶;
グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)157.2ppmにピークを有する、化合物(I)一リン酸塩のα結晶;
グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)41.4ppm、157.2ppm及び162.7ppmにピークを有する、化合物(I)一リン酸塩のα結晶;
グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)41.4ppm、144.0ppm、146.5ppm、157.2ppm及び162.7ppmにピークを有する、化合物(I)一リン酸塩のα結晶;
グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)41.4ppm、69.7ppm、106.3ppm、113.3ppm、119.0ppm、144.0ppm、146.5ppm、152.0ppm、157.2ppm及び162.7ppmにピークを有する、化合物(I)一リン酸塩のα結晶;
グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、図4に示される13C固体NMRスペクトルと実質的に同一の13C固体NMRスペクトルを有する、化合物(I)一リン酸塩のα結晶;
CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回折において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)5.6°に回折ピークを有する、化合物(I)一リン酸塩のβ結晶;
CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回折において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)5.6°、9.0°及び16.0°に回折ピークを有する、化合物(I)一リン酸塩のβ結晶;
CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回折において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)5.6°、9.0°、16.0°、22.8°及び23.9°に回折ピークを有する、化合物(I)一リン酸塩のβ結晶;
CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回折において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)5.6°、9.0°、16.0°、18.5°、19.5°、19.9°、22.8°及び23.9°に回折ピークを有する、化合物(I)一リン酸塩のβ結晶;
CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、図2に示される粉末X線回折パターンと実質的に同一の粉末X線回折パターンを有する、化合物(I)一リン酸塩のβ結晶;
グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)129.3ppmにピークを有する、化合物(I)一リン酸塩のβ結晶;
グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)11.2ppm、115.0ppm及び129.3ppmにピークを有する、化合物(I)一リン酸塩のβ結晶;
グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)11.2ppm、115.0ppm、117.9ppm、129.3ppm及び165.5ppmにピークを有する、化合物(I)一リン酸塩のβ結晶;
グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)11.2ppm、73.2ppm、103.2ppm、115.0ppm、117.9ppm、127.7ppm、129.3ppm及び165.5ppmにピークを有する、化合物(I)一リン酸塩のβ結晶;
グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、図5に示される13C固体NMRスペクトルと実質的に同一の13C固体NMRスペクトルを有する、化合物(I)一リン酸塩のβ結晶;
CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)17.0°に回折ピークを有する、化合物(I)一マレイン酸塩の結晶;
CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)17.0°、18.2°及び25.3°に回折ピークを有する、化合物(I)一マレイン酸塩の結晶;
CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)8.5°、9.9°、17.0°、18.2°及び25.3°に回折ピークを有する、化合物(I)一マレイン酸塩の結晶;
CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、回折角度(2θ±0.2°)8.5°、9.9°、17.0°、18.2°、19.8°、20.8°、22.2°、22.8°、24.3°及び25.3°に回折ピークを有する、化合物(I)一マレイン酸塩の結晶;
CuKαをX線源とする粉末X線回析において、図3に示される粉末X線回折パターンと実質的に同一の粉末X線回折パターンを有する、化合物(I)一マレイン酸塩の結晶;
グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)172.6ppmにピークを有する、化合物(I)一マレイン酸塩の結晶;
グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)132.0ppm、170.2ppm及び172.6ppmにピークを有する、化合物(I)一マレイン酸塩の結晶;
グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)98.5ppm、105.2ppm、132.0ppm、170.2ppm及び172.6ppmにピークを有する、化合物(I)一マレイン酸塩の結晶;
グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、ケミカルシフト(δ±0.5ppm)13.4ppm、15.2ppm、40.5ppm、73.7ppm、98.5ppm、105.2ppm、132.0ppm、140.5ppm、164.8ppm、170.2ppm及び172.6ppmにピークを有する、化合物(I)一マレイン酸塩の結晶;及び
グリシンを外部標準とする13C固体NMRスペクトルにおいて、図6に示される13C固体NMRスペクトルと実質的に同一の13C固体NMRスペクトルを有する、化合物(I)一マレイン酸塩の結晶
などを挙げることができる。
化合物(I)は、当業者に周知な方法により製造されたものであってもよい。例えば、化合物(I)は、後述する参考例に記載の方法で合成することができる。
本明細書に係る化合物(I)の塩は、通常の塩を製造する方法により得ることができる。具体的には、例えば、化合物(I)を溶媒に、必要に応じて加温して、懸濁又は溶解させ、次いで、得られる懸濁液又は溶液に、酸を加え、室温下あるいは冷却しながら数分から数日間、撹拌又は放置することにより、製造することができる。これらの製造方法により、化合物(I)の塩を、結晶又は非晶質として得ることができる。また、非晶質は、これらの製造方法に、必要に応じて、さらに凍結乾燥等の操作を行うことにより得ることもできる。ここで使用する溶媒としては、例えばエタノール、1-プロパノール、イソプロパノール等のアルコール系溶媒;アセトニトリル;アセトン、2-ブタノン等のケトン系溶媒;酢酸エチル等のエステル系溶媒;ヘキサン、ヘプタン等の飽和炭化水素系溶媒;t-ブチルメチルエーテル等のエーテル系溶媒又は水を挙げることができる。これらの溶媒は単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を混合して使用してもよい。
化合物(I)又はその塩の結晶は、上述の化合物(I)の製造方法、又はその塩の製造方法により製造することができ、又は、化合物(I)又はその塩を、溶媒中で加熱溶解し、攪拌下冷却して晶析することにより、製造することもできる。
本発明の他の実施形態は、化合物(I)の塩又はその結晶及び薬剤学的に許容される添加物を含有する医薬組成物である。医薬組成物は、薬剤学的に許容される添加物を化合物(I)の塩又はその結晶と混和することにより製造することができる。本発明に係る医薬組成物は例えば第十七改正日本薬局方の製剤総則に記載の方法など既知の方法に従って製造することができる。本実施形態に係る医薬組成物は、その剤形に応じて適切に患者に投与することができる。
実施例化合物の化学名は,“E-Notebook 2014”version13(PerkinElmer Co.,Ltd.)の化学構造に基づき命名した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーには,pre-packed silica gel cartridges on a Biotage(登録商標) Isolera Four(登録商標)を用いた。
app: apparent
DCM: Dichloromethane
DIPEA: N,N-Diisopropylethylamine
DMF-DMA: N,N-Dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal
Dppf: 1,1'-Ferrocenediyl-bis(diphenylphosphine)
EDC.HCl: N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
HOBT: 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole
HPLC: High pressure liquid chromatography
IMS: Industrial Methylated Spirit
LCMS: Liquid chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy
MDAP: Mass Directed Autopurification
2-MeTHF: 2-Methyl Tetrahydrofuran
TBME: tert-Butyl methyl ether
NBS: N-Bromosuccinimide
NIS: N-Iodosuccinimide
SQD: Single quadrupole detection
TBTU: O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate
THF: Tetrahydrofuran
2,6-ジアミノ-5-[3-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-1,2,4-トリアゾール-1-イル]-N-(4-{[(2R)-1,1,1-トリフルオロプロパン-2-イル]オキシ}ベンジル)ピリジン-3-カルボキサミド(化合物(I))の合成
カリウム tert-ブトキシド(3.47g,30.9mmol)のTHF(35mL)懸濁液に,攪拌窒素気流下0℃にて、(R)-1,1,1-トリフルオロプロパン-2-オール(2.00mL,21.7mmol)を加えた。10min後、4-フルオロベンゾニトリル(2.5g,20.6mmol)のTHF溶液(35mL)を滴下し、1時間攪拌後室温に戻した。反応液はEtOAc/水にて分液し、有機層を飽和食塩水で洗浄後、Na2SO4で乾燥した。エバポレーターで溶媒を留去し得られた残渣(5.4g)をカラムクロマトグラフィー(0-50% EtOAc/c-Hex,50g Silica-gel)で精製し、標題化合物(4.27g)を得た。
1H-NMR(600MHz, CDCl3) δppm 1.54(d, J=6.4Hz, 3H) 4.74(t, J=6.1Hz, 1H) 7.02(d, J=8.8Hz, 2H) 7.63(d, J=8.8Hz, 2H)
(R)-4-((1,1,1-トリフルオロプロパン-2-イル)オキシ)ベンゾニトリル(4.1g,19.1mmol)のTHF(39mL)溶液に攪拌下0℃にて1Mボランテトラヒドロフラン錯体(38.1mL,38.1mmol)THF溶液を滴下した。反応液を1時間かけて、0℃から室温に戻し、さらに65℃で加熱した。室温に冷却後、2M HCl(39.0mL,78.0mmol)を滴下し、混合物を65℃で2時間さらに100℃で2時間加熱攪拌した。反応液を冷却後MeOHで希釈し,SCX-2 cartridgeに充填した。MeOHで洗浄後、生成物を2M NH3/MeOHで溶出した。溶出物を集めエバポレーターで溶媒を留去し、標題化合物(3.76g)を得た。
1H NMR (600MHz, CDCl3) δppm 1.49(d, J=6.6Hz, 3H) 3.83(s, 2H) 4.61(t, J=6.3Hz, 1H) 6.93(d, J=8.6Hz, 2H) 7.24-7.27(m, 2H)
2,6-ジアミノニコチン酸(1.01g,6.60mmol)のDMF(20mL)懸濁液に室温にてNIS(1.63g,7.24mmol)を5分間かけて少しずつ加えた。出発原料は、加熱と超音波処理により小さなかけらに粉砕し利用した。反応液を1M NaOHで希釈後、EtOAcで分液した。水層を濃塩酸にてpH6の酸性にした。析出物をろ過し、水及びEtOAcで洗浄した。減圧乾燥し標題化合物(1.28g)を得た。
1H NMR (600MHz, DMSO-d6) δppm 6.35(br s, 2H) 6.97(br s, 2H) 8.01(s, 1H) 12.15(br s, 1H)
2,6-ジアミノ-5-ヨードニコチン酸(1g,3.58mmol)のDMSO(10mL)溶液に攪拌下、HOBT・H2O(0.659g,4.30mmol)とEDC・HCl(0.824g,4.30mmol)を加えた。5分後、(R)-(4-((1,1,1-トリフルオロプロパン-2-イル)オキシ)フェニル)メタンアミン(0.825g,3.76mmol)とトリエチルアミン(2.00mL,14.3mmol)のDMSO(10mL)溶液を滴下し、室温で20時間攪拌した。反応液をEtOAc/水で分液し,有機層を飽和食塩水で洗浄後Na2SO4で乾燥した。エバポレーターで溶媒留去し得られた残留物(2.15g)をカラムクロマトグラフィー(20-80% EtOAc/c-Hex,25g KP-Sil)で精製し、標題化合物(1.08g)を得た。
1H NMR (600MHz, DMSO-d6) δppm 1.39(d, J=6.4Hz, 3H) 4.30(d, J=5.7Hz, 2H) 5.16 (app spt, J=6.5Hz, 1H) 6.13(br s, 2H) 7.02(d, J=8.6Hz, 2H) 7.07(br s, 2H) 7.23(d, J=8.4Hz, 2H) 8.11(s, 1H) 8.51(t, J=5.8Hz, 1H)
(R)-2,6-ジアミノ-5-ヨード-N-(4-((1,1,1-トリフルオロプロパン-2-イル)オキシ)ベンジル)ニコチンアミド(120mg,0.25mmol),3-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-1,2,4-トリアゾール(47.9mg,0.35mmol),ヨウ化銅(I)(52.3mg,0.275mmol),N,N’-ジメチルシクロヘキサン-1,2-ジアミン(0.043mL,0.275mmol)及びリン酸カリウム(106mg,0.50mmol)のDMF(2mL)溶液を窒素でガス置換を行い、封菅中120℃で18時間加熱した。反応液をMeOHで希釈し,SCX-2に充填しMeOHで洗浄した。引き続き2M NH3/MeOH/DCMで溶出し油状物(0.14g)を得た。カラムクロマトグラフィー(20-100% EtOAc/c-Hex,KP-Sil)で精製し標題化合物(21mg)を得た。
1H NMR (600MHz, DMSO-d6) δppm 1.38(d, J=6.4Hz, 3H) 4.31(d, J=5.7Hz, 2H) 5.15 (dt, J=12.8, 6.4Hz, 1H) 6.39(s, 2H) 7.01(d, J=8.4Hz, 2H) 7.23(d, J=8.4Hz, 2H) 7.42(br s, 2H) 7.92(s, 1H) 8.41(br t, J=5.8Hz, 1H) 8.97(s, 1H)
2,6-ジアミノ-5-[3-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-1,2,4-トリアゾール-1-イル]-N-(4-{[(2R)-1,1,1-トリフルオロプロパン-2-イル]オキシ}ベンジル)ピリジン-3-カルボキサミド(化合物(I))の合成
ヒドラジン一水和物(100mL,2052mmol)のEtOH(2.6L)溶液に攪拌下、10℃にてトリフルオロ酢酸エチル(257mL,2161mmol)(CAS 383-63-1,Fluorochem)を滴下し、反応液を室温にて16時間攪拌した。イミノホルムアミド酢酸(247g,2377mmol)を加え、反応液を9時間加熱還流した。AcOH(148mL,2585mmol)を加えた後EtOHをエバポレーターで留去した。得られた溶液に飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液でアルカリ性とした後EtOAc(3×500mL)で抽出した。集めた有機層をNa2SO4で乾燥後、フィルターろ過し、エバポレーターで溶媒留去した。得られた粗生成物をn-ヘプタンでトリチュレーションし,フィルターろ過後n-ヘプタン(100mL)で洗浄した。減圧下乾燥し標題化合物(216g)を得た。
LCMS: m/z 138 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 8.84 (s, 1 H) 13.99 (br s, 1 H).
N,N’-(ピリジン-2,6-ジイル)ビス(2,2-ジメチルプロパンアミド)(80g,288mmol)のTHF(1L)溶液に攪拌、窒素気流下-70℃にてn-BuLi(2.5Mヘキサン溶液,400mL,1000mmol)を滴下した。反応液を0℃に昇温し、16時間攪拌後,-60℃に冷却し、ホウ酸トリイソプロピル(233mL,1009mmol)を滴下した。混合物を室温まで昇温し90分間攪拌後0℃に冷却し、飽和NH4Cl水溶液(600mL)を滴下した。混合物を水(600mL)及び2-MeTHF(200mL)で分液し分離した。水層をさらに2-MeTHF(2×1L)で抽出し,集めた有機層を飽和NH4Cl水溶液(2×500mL)で洗浄後、Na2SO4で乾燥後フィルターろ過しエバポレーターで溶媒留去した。得られた残留物をトルエン(1L)中、室温にて16時間攪拌した。得られた析出物をろ過後、冷却したトルエン(200mL)で洗浄後減圧乾燥し標題化合物(83.2g)を得た。
LCMS: m/z 322 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 1.17 (s, 9 H) 1.23 (s, 9 H) 7.69 (d, J=7.89 Hz, 1 H) 7.92 (br d, J=7.89 Hz, 1 H) 9.17 (s, 1 H) 11.43 (br s, 1 H).
(2,6-ジピバルアミドピリジン-3-イル)ボロン酸(30g,93.4mmol)のDMF(600mL)溶液に、攪拌下(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-1,2,4-トリアゾール(19.2g,140mmol),酢酸銅(II)(1.70g,9.34mmol)及びピリジン(18.9mL,234mmol)を少しずつ加えた。反応は3頸フラスコを用い、軽い減圧下無水CaCl2を通した空気をスパージングチューブにて反応溶液に導入した。反応液を60℃にて22時間加熱後冷却し、氷水(2L)に注いだ。30分後に析出物をろ過し、水(200mL)及びn-ヘプタン(200mL)で洗浄後、減圧乾燥し標題化合物(32.0g)を得た。
LCMS: m/z 413 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 1.03 (s, 9 H) 1.24-1.28 (m, 10 H) 8.11 (d, J=2.75 Hz, 2 H) 9.05 (s, 1 H) 9.88 (s, 1 H) 10.16 (s, 1 H).
N,N’-(3-(3-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-1,2,4-トリアゾール-1-イル)ピリジン-2,6-ジイル)ビス(2,2-ジメチルプロパンアミド)(76.1g,184mmol)のDMF(1L)溶液に攪拌下、室温にてNBS(34.5g,194mmol)を加えた。反応液を70℃で40分間攪拌した後,22℃に冷却し氷水(3L)に攪拌しながら注いだ。室温で30分間攪拌後,析出物をろ過した。得られた固体をEtOAc(500mL)及び水(500mL)で分液し,分離した有機層を飽和食塩水(2×300mL)で洗浄した。MgSO4で乾燥後、エバポレーターで溶媒を濃縮した。得られた残留物をn-ヘプタンでトリチュレーションし,集めた固体を減圧乾燥し標題化合物(84.3g)を得た。
LCMS: m/z 491/493 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 1.04 (s, 9 H) 1.25 (s, 8 H) 8.59 (s, 1 H) 9.23 (s, 1 H) 9.87-9.93 (m, 1 H) 10.04 (s, 1 H) 10.28 (s, 1 H).
EtOH(152mL),トルエン(1.1L)及びEt3N(443mL,3176mmol)溶液に1時間窒素と通しながらガス交換を行った。本溶液にN,N’-(3-ブロモ-5-(3-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-1,2,4-トリアゾール-1-イル)ピリジン-2,6-ジイル)ビス(2,2-ジメチルプロパンアミド)(85.0g,173mmol)及びPdCl2(dppf).DCM(28.3g,34.6mmol)を加えた。混合物にCOガス(5L)を導入しCO気流下80℃で18時間加熱した。反応液を冷却後Celite(登録商標)(180g)を加え室温で30分間攪拌した。混合物はsilica padを通しEtOAc(2L)で流出した。流出液をエバポレーターで留去し標題化合物(115.8g)を得た。
LCMS: m/z 485 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 1.05 (s, 9 H) 1.24 (s, 9 H) 1.26 - 1.31 (m, 3 H) 4.21 - 4.28 (m, 2 H) 8.45 (s, 1 H) 9.17 (s, 1 H) 10.59 (s, 1 H).
エチル 2,6-ジピバルアミド-5-(3-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-1,2,4-トリアゾール-1-イル)ニコチン酸(84g,174mmol)のIMS(432mL)溶液に攪拌下80℃にて4M NaOH水溶液(867mL,3467mmol)を加えた。反応液を5時間加熱還流後冷却し、攪拌下氷水(1.3L)で希釈し、フィルターろ過後IMSをエバポレーターで留去した。水溶液をTBME(2×1.5L)で洗浄後、濃塩酸(50mL)及び2M HCl(300mL)でpH5酸性にし、室温で18時間放置し析出物が生成した。固体をフィルターろ過後、水(2×300mL)及びEt2O(2×300mL)で洗浄後、減圧乾燥することにより標題化合物(51g)を得た。
LCMS: m/z 289 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 6.60 (br s, 2 H) 7.45 (br s, 2 H) 7.79 (s, 1 H) 8.97 (s, 1 H) 12.24 (br s, 1 H).
2,6-ジアミノ-5-(3-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-1,2,4-トリアゾール-1-イル)ニコチン酸(44.6g,155mmol)及びTBTU(52.2g,163mmol)のDMF(650mL)溶液に攪拌下、室温にてDIPEA(108mL,619mmol)を加えた。混合物を室温で15分間攪拌後、(R)-(4-((1,1,1-トリフルオロプロパン-2-イル)オキシ)フェニル)メタンアミン 塩酸塩(41.5g,163mmol)を加え、室温でさらに1時間攪拌した。反応液をEtOAc(1.2L)及び半飽和食塩水(1L)で希釈した。有機層を水(500mL)で洗浄後、飽和食塩水(500mL)で希釈しEtOAc(1L)を用いてCelite(登録商標)ろ過した。有機層を飽和食塩水(500mL)で洗浄後,MgSO4で乾燥しエバポレーターで溶媒を留去した。残留物を20% EtOH/n-ヘプタン(800mL)で懸濁し30分間加熱還流した。冷却後固体をフィルターろ過し、20% EtOH/n-ヘプタン(2×350mL)及びn-ペンタン(2×400mL)で洗浄後、EtOAc(500mL)に溶解した。上記操作を3回繰り返し集めた生成物はKP-NH silica(500g)を通しEtOAc(7L)で溶出した。溶出物の溶媒を留去し、得られた残留物をn-ペンタンでトリチュレーションした後、減圧乾燥し標題化合物(50g)を得た。
LCMS: m/z 490 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 1.39 (d, J=6.24 Hz, 3 H) 4.31 (d, J=5.69 Hz, 2 H) 5.15 (app spt, J=6.42 Hz, 1 H) 6.39 (s, 2 H) 7.01 (d, J=8.25 Hz, 2 H) 7.23 (d, J=8.44 Hz, 2 H) 7.42 (br s, 2 H) 7.92 (s, 1 H) 8.41 (br t, J=5.69 Hz, 1 H) 8.97 (s, 1 H). Chiral HPLC: Rt 20.3 mins (minor), 22.9 mins (major), 96.6% ee.
化合物(I)の一リン酸塩のα型結晶の調製
化合物(I)(5g)のアセトニトリル溶液(150mL)に、リン酸(1.20g)のアセトニトリル溶液(50mL)を室温下10分間かけて滴下した。滴下後、室温で終夜攪拌した後、析出した固体をろ取し、アセトニトリル(20mL)で洗浄した後、通気乾燥し標記結晶(5.68g)を得た。
粉末X線回折ピーク(透過法、2θ±0.2°):6.2°、11.1°、12.5°、14.3°、16.7°、19.7°、21.5°、22.4°、24.9°、28.7°.
13C-NMR(100MHz、solid state)δ(±0.5ppm):41.4ppm、69.7ppm、106.3ppm、113.3ppm、119.0ppm、144.0ppm、146.5ppm、152.0ppm、157.2ppm、162.7ppm.
上記方法により得られた化合物(I)の一リン酸塩のα型結晶の粉末X線回折パターンを図1に、13C固体NMRスペクトルを図4に、熱分析TG-DTAチャートを図7にそれぞれ示す。
化合物(I)の一リン酸塩のβ型結晶の調製
化合物(I)(約300mg)をアセトン(3.5mL)に溶解し,42μLのリン酸(化合物(I)に対して1当量分)を滴下した後,室温で終夜攪拌した。その後,ヘプタン1mLを添加して室温で終夜撹拌し,析出した固体をろ取し標記結晶を得た。
粉末X線回折ピーク(透過法、2θ±0.2°):5.6°、9.0°、16.0°、18.5°、19.5°、19.9°、22.8°、23.9°
13C-NMR(100MHz、solid state)δ(±0.5ppm):11.2ppm、73.2ppm、103.2ppm、115.0ppm、117.9ppm、127.7ppm、129.3ppm、165.5ppm
上記方法により得られた化合物(I)の一リン酸塩のβ型結晶の粉末X線回折パターンを図2に、13C固体NMRスペクトルを図5に、熱分析TG-DTAチャートを図8にそれぞれ示す。
化合物(I)の一マレイン酸の結晶の調製
化合物(I)(6.5g)のメチルtert-ブチルエーテル溶液(200mL)に、マレイン酸(1.573g)のメチルtert-ブチルエーテル溶液(60mL)を室温下15分間かけて滴下した。滴下後、室温で終夜攪拌した後、析出した塩をろ紙(5μm)を用いてろ取し、メチルtert-ブチルエーテル(26mL)で洗浄した後、ろ紙上で通気乾燥し標記結晶を得た(6.52g)。
粉末X線回折ピーク(透過法、2θ±0.2°):8.5°、9.9°、17.0°、18.2°、19.8°、20.8°、22.2°、22.8°、24.3°、25.3°. 13C-NMR(100MHz、solid state)δ(±0.5ppm):13.4ppm、15.2ppm、40.5ppm、73.7ppm、98.5ppm、105.2ppm、132.0ppm、140.5ppm、164.8ppm、170.2ppm、172.6ppm.
上記方法により得られた化合物(I)の一マレイン酸塩の結晶の粉末X線回折パターンを図3に、13C固体NMRスペクトルを図6に、熱分析TG-DTAチャートを図9にそれぞれ示す。
上記の実施例において得られた結晶の粉末X線結晶回折は、得られた結晶を粉末X線装置の試料台に置き、以下の測定条件で測定した。
(透過法条件)
X線源:Cu-Kα
電圧:45kV
電流:200mA
光学系:集光光学系
ソーラースリット:2.5°
検出器:D/teX Ultra 250(1次元半導体検出器)
スキャン速度:10°/min
ステップ幅:0.01°
スキャン範囲:3°~35°
サンプルホルダー:アルミニウム製ホルダー及びマイラーフィルム
(測定条件)
使用装置:Avance400MHz(BRUKER社製)7mm-CPMASプローブ(BRUKER社製)
測定核:13C(共鳴周波数 100.6248425MHz)
測定温度:室温
パルスモード:CPTOSS測定
回転数:5000Hz
パルス繰り返し時間:5sec
コンタクトタイム:1msec
積算回数:8192回
基準物質:グリシン(外部基準:176.03ppm)
(測定条件)
雰囲気:50mL/min窒素ガス気流下
対照:空のアルミニウム製試料パン
昇温速度:20℃/min
サンプリング間隔:1sec
測定温度範囲:25~300℃
以下の薬効試験は化合物(I)を用いて実施した。
北里大学熱帯病研究センターから分与された熱帯熱マラリア原虫(Plasmodium falciparum)の薬剤感受性株である3D7株及び薬剤耐性株であるK1株を用いて、これらのマラリア原虫に対する化合物のin vitro抗マラリア活性を測定した。試験原虫の培養については、TragerとJensenの方法(Trager,W and Jensen,J.:Human malaria parasites in continuous culture,Science,193:673-677,(1976))を一部改変し、維持、継代を行ったものを用いた。すなわち、培養フラスコ内で、10%ヒト血漿と2%ヒト新鮮赤血球を添加したRPMI1640培地を用いて継代した原虫感染赤血球を希釈し(原虫感染赤血球率:0.25~1%)、37℃にて5%O2-5%CO2-90%N2の混合ガス下で培養を行い、2~3日毎に培地交換と新鮮な赤血球を添加して連続培養を行った。原虫の感染率は0.25~10%の範囲で維持した。薬剤感受性試験は、Desjardinsらの方法(Desjardins,R.E., Canfield,C.J., Haynes,D.E. and Chulay,J.D.:Quantitative assessment of antimalarial activity in vitro by a semiautomated microdilution technique.Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.,16:710-718(1979))を改変して行った。被験化合物としては、化合物(I)の他、対照化合物として既存の抗マラリア剤であるアルテミシニン、クロロキンを用いた。具体的には、96穴プレートの各ウェルに前培養した原虫浮遊液(ヘマトクリット値:2%、原虫感染赤血球率:0.75~1%)199μLと最終濃度1~0.001μg/mLとなるような濃度段階希釈した被験化合物の溶液(DMSO溶液)1μLを添加し、混和後、前述の混合ガス下で72時間培養を行った。原虫増殖の測定はMaklerらの方法(Makler,M.T., Rise,J.M., Williams,J.A., Bancroft,J.E., Piper,R.C., Gibbins,B.L. and Hinrichs,D.J.:Parasite lactate dehydrogenase as an Assay for Plasmodium falciparum drug sensitivity,Am.J.Med.Hyg.,48:739-741(1993))を改変し、原虫の乳酸脱水素酵素(p-LDH)を比色定量する方法を用いた。すなわち、培養72時間後に96穴プレートを直接-20℃下で1昼夜凍結後、37℃下で融解することにより、原虫感染赤血球を溶血させ、かつ原虫を破壊させて粗酵素液を調製した。新たな96穴プレートの各ウェルに酵素反応液(110mM 乳酸リチウム,0.5mM アセチルピリジン-アデニンジヌクレオチド,50mM Tris(pH7.5),10mM EDTA,50mM KCl及び15g/L PEG6000)100μLと粗酵素液20μLを添加、混和し、30分間室温にて反応後、ニトロブルーテトラゾリウム2mg/mL溶液とフェナジンエトサルフェート0.1mg/mL溶液の1:1混合液20μLを各ウェルに添加し、遮光条件下、室温にて1.5時間反応させた。反応により生じたブルーフォルマザン生成物をマイクロプレートリーダーを用いて測定波長660nmでの吸光度を測定することにより検出し、原虫の増殖の有無を比色定量した。化合物の50%原虫増殖阻止濃度(IC50値)は化合物濃度作用曲線より求めた。化合物(I)は、熱帯熱マラリア原虫の3D7株及びK1株に対してそれぞれ0.026μg/mL(0.053μM)、0.043μg/mL(0.089μM)のIC50値を示した。
(1) Angulo-Barturen et al. A murine model of falciparum-malaria by in vivo selection of competent strains in nonmyelodepleted mice engrafted with human erythrocytes. Plos One. 2008 May 21;3(5):e2252.
(2) Jimenez-Diaz et al. Quantitative measurement of Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes in murine models of malaria by flow cytometry using bidimensional assessment of SYTO-16 fluorescence. Cytometry A. 2009 Mar;75(3):225-35.
(3) Kawabata Y, Udono H, Honma K et al. Merozoite Surface Protein 1-Specific Immune Response is Protective against Exoerythrocytic Forms of Plasmodium yoelii. Infection and Immunity 2002;70:6075-82.
(4) Hovlid ML, Winzeler EA. Phenotypic screens in antimalarial drug discovery.
Trends Parasitol. 2016;32:697-707.
(5) Kato N, Comer E, Sakata-Kato T et al. Diversity-oriented synthesis yields novel multistage antimalarial inhibitors. Nature 2016;538:344-349.
Claims (27)
- 請求項1に記載の塩又は請求項2~26のいずれか一項に記載の結晶を含む医薬組成物。
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