WO2018073199A1 - Dispositif pour accumuler de l'énergie électrique dans une batterie à flux redox - Google Patents

Dispositif pour accumuler de l'énergie électrique dans une batterie à flux redox Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018073199A1
WO2018073199A1 PCT/EP2017/076398 EP2017076398W WO2018073199A1 WO 2018073199 A1 WO2018073199 A1 WO 2018073199A1 EP 2017076398 W EP2017076398 W EP 2017076398W WO 2018073199 A1 WO2018073199 A1 WO 2018073199A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
tubular element
charge
matrix
tubular
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/076398
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Werner Herrmann
Heiko Tebben
Original Assignee
Cfd Consultants Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cfd Consultants Gmbh filed Critical Cfd Consultants Gmbh
Publication of WO2018073199A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018073199A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
    • H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for storing electrical energy in the form of chemical energy and a charge exchanger for transfer between the forms of energy
  • Devices which store electrical energy in chemical compounds in liquids. These electrolytic fluids are in two separate circuits within the device and flow laminarly past one another in a charge exchange chamber.
  • the liquids in the region of the laminar flow region are separated from each other by a flat membrane.
  • the membrane is permeable to electrical charge carriers, which are present for example in the form of electrons and / or protons and / or ions in the liquid. Therefore, charge carriers are exchanged between the liquids, and a current is conducted into or out of the device.
  • the charge carriers of one liquid are transferred to the other liquid, and the accumulator is charged with energy.
  • the power flow depends on the area of the membrane. In the case of a flat membrane extending essentially in two spatial directions, the power is limited by the construction space in precisely these two spatial directions of the charge exchange chamber. Therefore, large currents are possible only by space consuming devices.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device of the type mentioned, which has a higher power density, as it afford the known devices, so that the space can be reduced compared to these, and higher currents can be achieved.
  • a device for storing electrical energy comprises at least two fluid circuits with fluids which flow past each other at least once in the region of a charge exchanger.
  • the charge exchanger has at least one tubular element, which is arranged in one of the fluid circuits such that it can be flowed through by the fluid contained therein.
  • the device according to the invention for storing electrical energy comprises at least two fluid circuits.
  • the flow As a fluid fluid can include a gas, a liquid, a plasma and / or granules, which allows a variety of advantageous applications.
  • the fluids contain charge carriers, wherein the fluids flow through the fluid circuits, in particular of a first and a second fluid circuit, past each other at least once in the region of a charge exchanger. Due to the charge exchanger, the two fluid circuits are separated from each other, and can not mix directly.
  • the charge exchanger has at least one tubular element.
  • the tubular element is arranged in a fluid circuit such that it is arranged in the flow of at least one of the fluid circuits - preferably the first fluid circuit - so that it is flowed through by a fluid contained therein.
  • the contact surface space density between the fluid flowing through the tubular element and the charge exchanger is greater by the circular cross-section of the tubular element than in the case of a planar membrane.
  • the contact surface area density is the ratio between the contact area of the fluid with the tubular element and the space occupied by the tubular element. It is possible to incorporate a plurality of charge exchangers in the fluid circuits.
  • the tubular element on its outer surface of a fluid of the further fluid circuit - preferably flows around the second fluid circuit.
  • This also results in a higher contact surface density for external contact.
  • advantageous electrical charges can be exchanged between the fluid circuits.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention has fluid circuits which intersect in the region of the charge exchanger.
  • the tubular elements can be aligned in the direction of the flow of a fluid circuit, and be flowed through by it, and at the same time transversely - in particular perpendicularly - to this direction from the flow of the other fluid circuit. flows around it.
  • a large volume flow density can be realized at the cross section of the charge exchanger, so that there is always fresh fluid for the exchange of electrical charges.
  • tubular element is tubular and / or rod-shaped, a particularly productive contact surface can be provided.
  • circular and / or elliptical and / or star-shaped and / or angular or polygonal and / or composed of arches cross sections in the flow direction of the tubular element can be realized.
  • the tubular element is preferably hollow, like a tube.
  • the tubular element has straight and / or wavy and / or spiral sections in its throughflow direction.
  • the charge carriers may be ions and / or electrons and / or protons and / or ionized molecules and / or polar molecules and / or charged granule particles.
  • a tubular element is provided with an average diameter of 0.01 to 100 mm, but in particular from 0.1 to 5 mm, but in particular of about 1 mm.
  • a particularly productive development of the device has a plurality of tubular elements in the charge exchanger.
  • a plurality includes the number of two.
  • the distance between the individual tubular elements can be in the nanometer range up to the centimeter range. The majority multiplies the effect of the tubular element.
  • the tubular element is arranged in a matrix.
  • the matrix is preferably constructed of two plane-parallel plates, which are each arranged at one end of the tubular elements and expediently spaced from each other, so that the tubular elements extend to the outer edge of the matrix, and can be flowed through from the outside.
  • a gap or flow space is formed which is determined by the distance between the plates, and which is penetrated by at least one tubular element.
  • the gap can flow through the fluid of the second fluid circuit and exchange charge carriers with the fluid of the other fluid circuit.
  • the matrix has advantageous bands, between which at least one tubular element is arranged, so that a particularly simple alignment of the tubular element can take place.
  • the tubular element is arranged between two bands.
  • the bands are arranged in the matrix and run essentially parallel to one another.
  • the bands may be made of rubber and / or plastic and / or ceramic and / or of a woven fabric and / or a knitted fabric and / or a knitted fabric and / or a braid. It is also conceivable that a tubular element is arranged in a band and is surrounded by this. It is possible to weave the tubular element and / or to knit and / or to work around and / or to braid. It is also possible to manufacture the bands in one piece with the tubular element, using the same material for the bands as well as the tubular element. For all variants it is possible to use a plurality of tubular elements.
  • the matrix contains a sheet material part, which is a knitted fabric and / or a knitted fabric and / or a fabric and / or a braid. It surrounds a plurality of tubular elements, and extends substantially transversely to the direction of flow of the tubular elements.
  • a plate-like matrix part at each end of the tubular elements only one eg knitted fabric can be arranged, in which the end regions of the tubular elements are arranged. This is done, for example, for each end of Tubular institute. This facilitates the arrangement of the tubular elements.
  • the matrix comprises a synthetic resin and / or glass, in which a tubular element is arranged.
  • the arranged tubular element is encapsulated and / or encapsulated with a resin and / or a glass.
  • the tubular element has been preferably inserted into the knitted fabric and / or knitted fabric and / or fabric and / or braid, which is then also surrounded by the resin and / or glass. If the resin and / or glass is subsequently cured, it is subsequently machined, preferably by machining, such that the tubular element ends at the edge of the matrix.
  • the Tubularelement is accessible from the outside, and can be flowed through.
  • the tubular element has an opening at the edge of the matrix. There are alternatively arranged a plurality of tubular elements.
  • At least one pump is included in each fluid circuit, so that in each case a flow in a defined direction can be generated. It can also be installed several pumps per fluid circuit.
  • the pumps can be operated by the electrical energy stored in the device.
  • the pumps deliver the fluid through lines to the charge exchanger, where one fluid delivers its charge carriers to the other fluid.
  • a fluid reservoir is advantageously contained in each fluid circuit, wherein the fluid reservoir is preferably designed as a tank.
  • the pumps deliver the fluid from the fluid reservoirs through conduits to the charge exchanger.
  • a cost-effective expansion of capacity is achieved by choosing a larger fluid storage. It is possible that a fluid circuit of- fen is and uses the ambient air for a charge exchange, so that only the further fluid circuit has a fluid reservoir.
  • the fluid circuits are self-contained circuits.
  • Liquid electrolytes circulate in these fluid circuits.
  • they contain a salt solution and / or an acid and / or a base.
  • the electrolytes may be vanadium-containing and / or bromine-containing and / or zinc-containing and / or sodium-containing.
  • Other elements of the periodic table can also be used.
  • the electrode is in particular at least partially made of graphite.
  • the voltage or current that is generated by the device can be dissipated.
  • a voltage can be applied to the fluids in order to shift their charge carriers from one fluid into the other via the charge exchanger, and thus to charge the accumulator.
  • the electrodes are incorporated in the fluid reservoirs and / or the conduits and / or in the charge exchanger.
  • the wall of a tank is designed as an electrode, or that the electrode has a free end approximately in the middle of the tank. In any case, a contact of the electrode is formed outside of the fluid-carrying area.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a device according to the invention for storing electrical energy in two electrolytic liquids of two fluid circuits in partial section,
  • FIG. 2 shows a section through a charge exchanger according to the invention with a plurality of tubular elements, which are flowed around and flowed through by the two liquids,
  • FIG. 3 shows the charge exchanger according to FIG. 2 within the device according to FIG. 1 in an enlarged view
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the charge exchanger of FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 5 shows a partial section of a perspective view of the charge exchanger according to FIG. 2 with a plurality of tubular elements
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the charge exchanger of FIG.
  • Fig. 10 shows an alternative embodiment of the charge exchanger.
  • the device 10 comprises at least a first and a second fluid circuit 12, 14.
  • Each of the fluid circuits 12, 14 is constructed from separate and separate lines 35, 37.
  • the lines 35, 37 of the two fluid circuits 12, 14 lead to a charge exchanger 16.
  • a fluid 22, 24 is guided.
  • the first fluid circuit 12 flows through a first fluid 22 in the lines 37, which has a different electrical charge than a second fluid 24 of the second fluid circuit 14.
  • the fluids 22, 24 flow past each other.
  • the charge exchanger 16 has a plurality of tubular elements 18. In Fig. 1, eight tubular elements 18 are shown schematically, of course, any number of tubular elements 18 can be arranged.
  • the tubular elements 18 are arranged in a flow of the first fluid circuit 12 represented by an arrow 20. In this way, it is achieved that the tubular elements 18 are flowed through by the first fluid 22 in a flow and the first fluid 22 is guided after emerging from the Tubular instituten 18 via a return from the charge exchanger 16 again in a line 37 of the fluid circuit 14.
  • the tubular elements 18 are flowed around on their outer surface 19 of the second fluid 24, as can be seen in Fig. 1.
  • the second fluid circuit 14 leads the second fluid 24 through corresponding lines 35 transversely to the tubular elements 18, so that the fluid 24 flows between the tubular elements 18, and thus flows around the individual tubular elements 18 on the outside.
  • the fluid circuits 12, 14 intersect twice in the region of the charge exchanger 16.
  • tubular or rohrformigen lines 33 of the second fluid circuit 14 for the supply and discharge of the second fluid 24 are connected to the charge exchanger 16 such that the charge exchanger 16 is installed between lines 33 to supply and discharge the fluid. Accordingly, the second fluid 24 flows through the conduit 33 into the charge exchanger 16, flows around the tubular elements 18 on the outside and is discharged through the conduit 33 again from the charge exchanger 16.
  • the lines 37 of the first fluid circuit 12 are arranged such that the fluid 22 passes on one side in the charge exchanger 16, flows through frontal openings 21 of the tubular elements 18 in this and the tubular elements 18 flows through. After flowing through the tubular elements 18, the first fluid 22 exits from the Tubular instituten 18, passes into a closed return space 17 in the charge exchanger 16 and the recirculating line 37 of the first fluid circuit 12 is supplied.
  • Each illustrated tubular element 18 is tubular. It is of course possible to realize the tubular element 18 for this application in a rod-shaped manner so porous that the fluid 22 can be transported through the tubular element 18.
  • the tubular element 18 is shown with a straight course and a circular cross section and consists of a ceramic material which is at least partially permeable to charge carriers.
  • the tubular elements 18 represent tubes 23 which can guide the fluid 22 formed as a liquid.
  • the tubular elements 18 are arranged in a matrix 28.
  • the matrix 28 is arranged at the ends in the region of the openings 21 of the tubular elements 18.
  • the matrix 28 consists essentially of two plane-parallel plates 30, which are separated from each other, so spaced apart, so that a gap s is formed.
  • the second fluid 24 flows through the gap s.
  • the plates 30 extend flush on the outside or lying in a plane with the openings 21, through which the flow of the first fluid 22 into the tubular elements 18 is guided in or out.
  • One plate 30 faces the forward flow line 37 and the opposite plate 30 faces the return space 17 connected to the return flow line 37.
  • the matrix 28 comprises bands 32, between which the tubular elements 18 are arranged.
  • a plurality of tubular elements 18 is arranged between each two bands 32.
  • the bands 32 it is of course possible to provide a planar knit or knit or the like extending around the tubular elements 18, whose effect, namely a directed arrangement of the tubular elements 18 relative to one another, is equivalent.
  • the tubular elements 18 are not only in the plane of the plates of the matrix 26, but also in the longitudinal direction of the tubular elements 18, so that an alignment of the Tubularlemente 18 takes place in all three spatial directions.
  • the plates 30 of the matrix 28 are for example made of a plastic, in which the tubular elements 18 are embedded in sections.
  • a respective pump 34 is installed in each fluid circuit 12, 14. Furthermore, a tank 38, which stores the fluids 22, 24, is provided as the fluid reservoir 36 in each fluid circuit 12, 14. From the tank 38, the respectively associated pump 34, the first or second fluid 22, 24 transported through the associated lines 35, 37 to the charge exchanger 16.
  • At least one electrode 40 is arranged, the free end is aligned approximately centrally at the level of the inflow and outflow of the respective tank 38.
  • the fluid circuits 12, 14 are self-contained circuits of a liquid electrolyte.
  • the circuit contains a liquid with a salt solution and / or an acid and / or a base.
  • the production of the matrix 28 takes place, for example, in that a plurality of tubular elements 18 are fixed parallel to one another and spaced apart from each other and then held.
  • a tubular element 18 can be aligned in a snake-shaped manner, so that straight sections can be fixed parallel to one another and spaced apart from one another and reversal bends are aligned in opposite planes.
  • tubular elements 18 are embedded on the end, for example, in a plastic material which, after being strengthened, is machined, in particular, around frontal openings of the tubular elements 18 expose.
  • the reverse bends of the snake-shaped tubular elements 18 are machined or severed.
  • the electrodes 40 are assigned to the plates 30, which enclose the tubular elements 18 at each end-side, the positive and negative electrodes 40 being spaced apart from one another by an insulator 41 and insulated from one another.
  • the electrodes 40 and the insulator 41 in addition to the plates 30 or to integrate them into the plates 30, wherein the plates 30 themselves can serve as an insulator, if they are made of a non-electrically conductive plastic and the electrodes 40 embedded in the plastic.
  • each tubular element 18 is assigned an electrode 40 on the circumference, which in the present case is arranged on the inside, it being obvious to a person skilled in the art that the arrangement can also be applied on the outside with a corresponding electrical circuit or electrolyte arrangement.
  • Another electrode 40 is located in the frontal region of the tubular elements 18 and can either be integrated into the plates 30 embedding the tubular elements 18 or assigned to the plates 30, even with the arrangement of an insulator 41.
  • tubular elements 18 are made of an electrically insulating material, then they can serve as isolators 41 separating on the inside and outside, as FIG. 9 shows.
  • individual packets of the tubular elements 18 of the charge accumulator 16 are arranged offset from one another and are also flowed through correspondingly.
  • the orientation of the tubular elements 18 and the associated electrodes 40 can be varied, in particular in order to achieve an advantageous ion exchange and / or to optimize flow conditions and / or thermal conditions and / or the like.
  • the voltage generated in the charge exchanger 16 or the generated current can be dissipated.
  • a voltage can also be applied to the fluids 22, 24 by means of the electrodes 40, in order to shift their charge carriers from a fluid 22 or 24 into the further fluid 24 or 22 via the charge exchanger 16, and thus to charge the accumulator.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (10) pour accumuler de l'énergie électrique, ce dispositif comprenant au moins deux circuits de fluides (12, 14) dans lesquels les fluides (22) s'écoulent au moins une fois l'un à côté de l'autre dans la région d'un échangeur de charge (16). L'échangeur de charge (16) comprend au moins un élément tubulaire (18) qui est agencé dans un des circuits de fluides (12, 14) de telle sorte qu'il puisse être traversé par le fluide (22) présent dans ce circuit.
PCT/EP2017/076398 2016-10-19 2017-10-17 Dispositif pour accumuler de l'énergie électrique dans une batterie à flux redox WO2018073199A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016119953.2A DE102016119953A1 (de) 2016-10-19 2016-10-19 Vorrichtung zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie
DE102016119953.2 2016-10-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018073199A1 true WO2018073199A1 (fr) 2018-04-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2017/076398 WO2018073199A1 (fr) 2016-10-19 2017-10-17 Dispositif pour accumuler de l'énergie électrique dans une batterie à flux redox

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DE (1) DE102016119953A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018073199A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3996064A (en) 1975-08-22 1976-12-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Electrically rechargeable REDOX flow cell
CH701558A2 (de) * 2009-07-31 2011-01-31 Alex Knobel Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Mischen und Austauschen von Fluiden.
WO2011161072A1 (fr) * 2010-06-22 2011-12-29 Basf Se Dispositif technique amélioré permettant le stockage industriel d'énergie électrique
DE102013005864A1 (de) * 2013-04-08 2014-10-09 Murrplastik Verwaltung- und Beteiligungs-GmbH Redox-Flow-Zelle
EP2876712A1 (fr) * 2013-11-22 2015-05-27 DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V. Batterie à flux d'oxydoréduction à oxygène-vanadium avec électrolyte au vanadium ayant des particules de carbone dispersées dans celle-ci

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3996064A (en) 1975-08-22 1976-12-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Electrically rechargeable REDOX flow cell
CH701558A2 (de) * 2009-07-31 2011-01-31 Alex Knobel Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Mischen und Austauschen von Fluiden.
WO2011161072A1 (fr) * 2010-06-22 2011-12-29 Basf Se Dispositif technique amélioré permettant le stockage industriel d'énergie électrique
DE102013005864A1 (de) * 2013-04-08 2014-10-09 Murrplastik Verwaltung- und Beteiligungs-GmbH Redox-Flow-Zelle
EP2876712A1 (fr) * 2013-11-22 2015-05-27 DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V. Batterie à flux d'oxydoréduction à oxygène-vanadium avec électrolyte au vanadium ayant des particules de carbone dispersées dans celle-ci

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Publication number Publication date
DE102016119953A1 (de) 2018-04-19

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