WO2018066628A1 - 金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体 - Google Patents
金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018066628A1 WO2018066628A1 PCT/JP2017/036218 JP2017036218W WO2018066628A1 WO 2018066628 A1 WO2018066628 A1 WO 2018066628A1 JP 2017036218 W JP2017036218 W JP 2017036218W WO 2018066628 A1 WO2018066628 A1 WO 2018066628A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- graphene oxide
- metal compound
- cobalt
- nickel
- Prior art date
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- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 226
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003846 O-H Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003866 O—H Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004700 cobalt complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- GDXTWKJNMJAERW-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+);tetrahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mo+4] GDXTWKJNMJAERW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001786 chalcogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 abstract description 43
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 11
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- -1 titanium oxide-molybdenum sulfide Chemical compound 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000550 scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004252 FT/ICR mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZDTNHRWWURISAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C(Br)=C1OC1=C(Br)C(O)=CC=C21 ZDTNHRWWURISAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- ZKKLPDLKUGTPME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazanium;bis(sulfanylidene)molybdenum;sulfanide Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[SH-].[SH-].S=[Mo]=S ZKKLPDLKUGTPME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- TYVXHXSNTUCEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,10-phenanthroline;ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 TYVXHXSNTUCEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DVUWFIWQOSNKQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3',6'-dihydroxy-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodospiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one;sodium Chemical compound [Na].[Na].O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1OC1=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=C21 DVUWFIWQOSNKQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)chromen-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C3=CC4=CC=C(C=C4OC3=O)N(CC)CC)=NC2=C1 GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAJVGAQAYOAJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[18-(2-carboxylatoethyl)-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-22,23-dihydroporphyrin-21,24-diium-2-yl]propanoate Chemical compound N1C(C=C2C(C)=CC(N2)=CC=2C(=C(CCC(O)=O)C(=C3)N=2)C)=CC(C)=C1C=C1C(C)=C(CCC(O)=O)C3=N1 VAJVGAQAYOAJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000000177 Indigofera tinctoria Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- ZQOVDGUEABJDRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1=C(C=CC=C1)NC1=NC=CC=C1.[Pt] Chemical compound N1=C(C=CC=C1)NC1=NC=CC=C1.[Pt] ZQOVDGUEABJDRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- XQAXGZLFSSPBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-M [7-(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-3-ylidene]-dimethylazanium;chloride;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Cl-].C1=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C2SC3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 XQAXGZLFSSPBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QUQFTIVBFKLPCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;2-amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxylatoethyl)disulfanyl]propanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C(N)CSSCC(N)C([O-])=O QUQFTIVBFKLPCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metal compound-graphene oxide complex.
- Non-patent Document 1 graphene oxide carrying a titanium oxide-molybdenum sulfide semiconductor, a nickel compound, and a cobalt compound as a hydrogen generation photocatalyst has been reported (Non-patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2, respectively). Furthermore, a hydrogen generating electrode in which metallic cobalt is supported on a nitrogen-containing graphene oxide derivative has been reported (Non-patent Document 3).
- the main object of the present invention is to provide a novel metal compound-graphene oxide complex that can be used in the production of hydrogen.
- the present invention provides a photocatalyst including the complex, a method for producing the complex, a hydrogen production apparatus including the complex as a catalyst, and an electrode used for a water decomposition reaction including the complex. Also aimed.
- the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies on a novel substance excellent in hydrogen generation efficiency.
- it is a complex of at least one metal compound selected from the group consisting of a cobalt compound, a nickel compound, and a molybdenum compound and graphene oxide
- the metal compound contains a cobalt compound or a nickel compound
- absorption derived from C—O group exists, absorption derived from O—H group and C ⁇ O group, and graphene oxide and cobalt via oxygen atom
- the metal compound is a molybdenum compound
- in the infrared absorption spectrum of the composite a C—O group, an O—H group
- absorption derived from the C ⁇ O group and absorption derived from the bond between graphene oxide and molybdenum via an oxygen atom are substantially absent, metal compounds - the graphene oxide complex, when used as a photocat
- a novel metal compound-graphene oxide complex that can be used for the production of hydrogen can be provided.
- a photocatalyst including the complex a method for producing the complex, a hydrogen production apparatus including the complex as a catalyst, and an electrode used for a water decomposition reaction including the complex are provided. You can also
- this invention provides the invention of the aspect hung up below.
- Item 1 A composite of graphene oxide and at least one metal compound selected from the group consisting of a cobalt compound, a nickel compound, and a molybdenum compound,
- the metal compound includes a cobalt compound or a nickel compound, in the infrared absorption spectrum of the composite, there is an absorption derived from the C—O group, and the OH group and the C ⁇ O group Absorption derived from, and absorption derived from the bond between graphene oxide and cobalt or nickel via oxygen atoms is substantially absent
- the metal compound is a molybdenum compound
- absorption derived from C—O, O—H, and C ⁇ O groups, and graphene via an oxygen atom A metal compound-graphene oxide complex in which absorption resulting from the bond between oxide and molybdenum is substantially absent.
- Item 2. The metal compound-graphene oxide complex according to Item 1, wherein the particle size of the metal compound is 10 nm or less.
- Item 3. The content of cobalt, nickel, and molybdenum calculated from the results of elemental analysis on the surface of the metal compound-graphene oxide complex by scanning electron microscope / energy dispersive spectroscopy is 0.1 to 50% by mass Item 3.
- Item 4. Item 4. The metal compound-graphene oxide complex according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the primary particle size is 100 ⁇ m or less.
- Item 5. Item 5.
- the metal compound-graphene oxide complex according to any one of Items 1 to 4, which has substantially no signal based on a crystal of a metal or a metal compound at 2 ⁇ 30 ° or more in powder X-ray diffraction measurement .
- Item 6. The metal compound-graphene oxide complex according to any one of Items 1 to 5, wherein the cobalt compound is a cobalt oxide, the nickel compound is a nickel oxide, and the molybdenum compound is a chalcogen compound of molybdenum. .
- the cobalt compound as the raw material is at least one of a salt of cobalt and an inorganic acid, a salt of cobalt and a carboxylic acid, a salt of cobalt and a sulfonic acid, cobalt hydroxide, a cobalt double salt, and a cobalt complex.
- the nickel compound as the raw material is at least one of a salt of nickel and an inorganic acid, a salt of nickel and carboxylic acid, a salt of nickel and sulfonic acid, nickel hydroxide, a nickel double salt, and a nickel complex
- the molybdenum compound as the raw material is a salt of molybdenum and inorganic acid, a salt of molybdenum and carboxylic acid, a salt of molybdenum and sulfonic acid, molybdenum hydroxide, a molybdenum double salt, a molybdenum complex, and a salt of molybdenum and sulfur.
- a photocatalyst comprising the metal compound-graphene oxide complex according to any one of Items 1 to 6.
- Item 7. A method for producing hydrogen, comprising a step of irradiating a hydrogen source containing at least one of water and alcohol in the presence of the metal compound-graphene oxide complex according to any one of Items 1 to 6.
- Item 11. The method for producing hydrogen according to Item 10, wherein at least one of sunlight and white LED light is used as the irradiation light.
- Item 7. A hydrogen production apparatus comprising the metal compound-graphene oxide complex according to any one of Items 1 to 6 as a catalyst.
- Infrared absorption spectrum (IR: ATR method) of the cobalt compound-graphene oxide complex (Co-GO) obtained in Example 1 and the iron compound-graphene oxide complex (Fe-GO) obtained in the reference example Is an infrared absorption spectrum (IR: ATR method).
- Infrared absorption spectrum (IR: ATR method) of the nickel compound-graphene oxide complex (Ni-GO) obtained in Example 2 and the iron compound-graphene oxide complex (Fe-GO) obtained in the reference example Is an infrared absorption spectrum (IR: ATR method).
- Infrared absorption spectrum (IR: ATR method) of the molybdenum compound-graphene oxide complex (Mo-GO) obtained in Example 3 and the iron compound-graphene oxide complex (Fe-GO) obtained in the reference example Is an infrared absorption spectrum (IR: ATR method).
- 3 is an XRD spectrum of the cobalt compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Example 1.
- 3 is an XRD spectrum of the nickel compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Example 2.
- Example 4 is an XRD spectrum of a molybdenum compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Example 3.
- 3 is an XRD spectrum of an iron compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Reference Example.
- 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the cobalt compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Example 1 (magnification: 500 times).
- Cobalt atoms (Co-L) obtained by observing the surface of the cobalt compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Example 1 by scanning electron microscope / energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM / EDX), respectively. , Oxygen atom (OK), and carbon atom (CK) mapping images (magnification: 500 times).
- 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of the nickel compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Example 2 (magnification: 1000 times).
- Nickel atoms (Ni-L) obtained by observing the surface of the nickel compound-graphene oxide composite obtained in Example 2 by scanning electron microscope / energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM / EDX), respectively.
- 3 is a mapping image of oxygen atoms (OK) and carbon atoms (C—K) (magnification: 1000 times).
- 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of the molybdenum compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Example 3 (magnification: 1000 times).
- FIG. 2 is a transmission electron micrograph of the cobalt compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Example 1 (with images measured at four magnifications, scale bars in the upper left, upper right, lower left, and lower right photographs are each 0; 2 ⁇ m, 20 nm, 10 nm, 2 nm).
- FIG. 3 is a transmission electron micrograph of the nickel compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Example 2 (with images measured at four magnifications, scale bars in the upper left, upper right, lower left, and lower right photographs are each 0; 2 ⁇ m, 20 nm, 10 nm, 2 nm).
- TEM / EDX transmission electron microscope / energy dispersive spectroscopy
- Ni K oxygen atom
- C K carbon atom
- the metal compound-graphene oxide complex of the present invention is a complex of graphene oxide and at least one metal compound selected from the group consisting of a cobalt compound, a nickel compound, and a molybdenum compound. is there. Furthermore, in the metal compound-graphene oxide complex of the present invention, when the metal compound contains a cobalt compound or a nickel compound, absorption derived from the C—O group exists in the infrared absorption spectrum of the complex.
- the metal compound is In the case of a molybdenum compound, in the infrared absorption spectrum of the composite, absorption derived from C—O, O—H, and C ⁇ O groups, and graphene oxide and molybdenum via oxygen atoms It is characterized by substantially no absorption resulting from the binding of
- the metal compound-graphene oxide composite of the present invention will be described in detail.
- the metal compound (hereinafter referred to as at least one of a cobalt compound, a nickel compound, and a molybdenum compound) is preferably in the form of ultrafine particles.
- the metal compound particles are preferably carried uniformly dispersed in graphene oxide.
- the metal compound contained in the metal compound-graphene oxide complex of the present invention may be one type or two or more types.
- the particle size of the metal compound supported on the graphene oxide is preferably 10 nm or less, more preferably 5 nm or less, still more preferably 4 nm or less, and particularly preferably 3 nm or less from the viewpoint of increasing hydrogen production efficiency.
- As a lower limit of the particle diameter of a metal compound 0.5 nm, 1 nm, etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the particle diameter of the metal compound is a value estimated by observing the metal compound-graphene oxide complex of the present invention with a transmission electron microscope / energy dispersive spectroscopy (TEM / EDX) or the like.
- the cobalt compound contained in the metal compound-graphene oxide complex of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably a cobalt oxide, more preferably a cobalt oxide containing cobalt valence, cobalt, from the viewpoint of increasing hydrogen production efficiency.
- Examples include trivalent cobalt oxides (for example, CoO, Co 2 O 3 and the like are assumed).
- the cobalt compound contained in the metal compound-graphene oxide complex may be one type or two or more types.
- the nickel compound contained in the metal compound-graphene oxide composite of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably a nickel oxide, more preferably a nickel divalent oxide, nickel 3 from the viewpoint of increasing hydrogen production efficiency.
- An oxide containing a valence for example, NiO, Ni 2 O 3 or the like is assumed).
- the nickel compound contained in the metal compound-graphene oxide complex may be one type or two or more types.
- the molybdenum compound contained in the metal compound-graphene oxide complex of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably a molybdenum chalcogenide (for example, MoO 2 , MoO 3 , MoS 2, etc.) from the viewpoint of increasing hydrogen production efficiency. Is).
- the molybdenum compound contained in the metal compound-graphene oxide complex may be one type or two or more types.
- the metal compound-graphene oxide complex of the present invention may contain a single metal (for example, cobalt metal, nickel metal, molybdenum metal) in addition to the metal compound.
- a single metal for example, cobalt metal, nickel metal, molybdenum metal
- the content of the metal compound is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of increasing the hydrogen production efficiency by the metal compound-graphene oxide complex of the present invention, it is calculated from the results of elemental analysis on the surface of the metal compound-graphene oxide complex by scanning electron microscope / energy dispersive spectroscopy.
- the content of cobalt, nickel, and molybdenum (total content) is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 50% by mass, and 2 to 50% by mass. More preferably.
- the graphene oxide contained in the metal compound-graphene oxide composite of the present invention is a graphene oxide.
- graphene oxide for example, a commercially available product or a product produced by oxidizing graphite or graphene can be used.
- a product produced by oxidizing graphite for example, graphite using sulfuric acid or permanganese. Manufactured by oxidation using potassium acid or the like).
- Examples of commercially available graphene oxide include those sold as graphene oxide powder, graphene oxide, reductive graphene oxide, and high specific surface area graphene nanopowder, specifically from Sigma Aldrich, etc.
- a commercially available product can be used.
- graphite is oxidized using sulfuric acid
- the obtained graphene oxide contains a small amount of sulfur. For this reason, a trace amount of sulfur is usually present also in the metal compound-graphene oxide complex produced using the graphene oxide.
- the metal compound-graphene oxide composite of the present invention may contain sulfur.
- any graphite may be used as long as it is suitable for the composite of the present invention.
- shape of graphite for example, spherical graphite, granular graphite, scaly graphite, scaly graphite, and powdered graphite can be used. From the ease of supporting a metal compound and the catalytic activity, scaly graphite, scaly graphite Use is preferred. Specifically, commercially available products such as powder graphite made by Nacalai Tesque and high specific surface area graphene nanopowder made by EM Japan can be used.
- the primary particle diameter of the graphite is preferably about 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably about 0.5 to 80 ⁇ m, and still more preferably about 2 to 40 ⁇ m.
- the primary particle size of the metal compound-graphene oxide composite of the present invention substantially corresponds to the primary particle size of graphene oxide. Therefore, in the metal compound-graphene oxide composite of the present invention, the primary particle diameter of graphene oxide is preferably about 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably about 0.5 to 80 ⁇ m, and further preferably about 2 to 40 ⁇ m. Can be mentioned.
- the primary particle size of the metal compound-graphene oxide composite of the present invention is preferably about 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably about 0.5 to 80 ⁇ m, and further preferably about 2 to 40 ⁇ m.
- the metal compound-graphene oxide complex of the present invention usually has a layered structure. These particle diameters can be confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs.
- composition formula of graphene oxide can be represented by, for example, [C x O y H z ] k .
- x is 5-12
- y is 2-8
- z is 2-10
- k is 8-15
- more preferably x is 6-10
- y is 3 to 6
- z is 2 to 5
- k is 10 to 13.
- the molecular weight of graphene oxide is preferably about 500 to 5000, more preferably about 800 to 4000, still more preferably about 1500 to 3000, and particularly preferably about 2000 to 2500.
- the nano-sized (for example, 10 nm or less) metal compound particles are supported on a micron-sized (for example, 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m) graphene oxide,
- the primary particles form an aggregated particle state.
- the metal compound-graphene oxide composite of the present invention has absorption derived from a C—O group in the infrared absorption spectrum of the composite, and There is substantially no absorption originating from the O—H and C ⁇ O groups and no absorption originating from the bond between graphene oxide and cobalt or nickel via the oxygen atom.
- the metal compound is a molybdenum compound, in the infrared absorption spectrum of the complex, absorption derived from the C—O group, the O—H group, and the C ⁇ O group, and the oxygen atom are used. There is substantially no absorption resulting from the bond between graphene oxide and molybdenum.
- the metal compound is derived from an OH group (hydroxy group) regardless of whether the metal compound is a cobalt compound, a nickel compound, or a molybdenum compound.
- Absorption broad absorption at 3800 cm ⁇ 1 to 3000 cm ⁇ 1
- absorption derived from C ⁇ O group (carbonyl group) (absorption near 1700 cm ⁇ 1 ) are substantially absent.
- there is substantially no absorption (700 to 500 cm ⁇ 1 ) derived from the bond between graphene oxide and cobalt, nickel, or molybdenum via oxygen atoms.
- absorption derived from the bond between graphene oxide and cobalt, nickel, or molybdenum via an oxygen atom is absorbed by the bond between graphene oxide and cobalt via an oxygen atom, or graphene oxide and nickel via an oxygen atom.
- the bond between graphene oxide and molybdenum via an oxygen atom are preferably peak intensities that are evaluated to be absent from the infrared absorption spectrum.
- the metal compound-graphene oxide complex of the present invention when the metal compound contains a cobalt compound or a nickel compound, there is absorption (near 930 to 1310 cm ⁇ 1 ) derived from the C—O group.
- the metal compound when the metal compound is a molybdenum compound, there is substantially no absorption derived from the C—O group (near 930 to 1310 cm ⁇ 1 ).
- the infrared absorption spectrum of the metal compound-graphene oxide complex of the present invention is measured, slight hydroxyl group or carbonyl group absorption may exist. That is, in the present invention, the fact that the aforementioned absorption is substantially absent means that the relative ratio of the peak height of these absorptions to the peak height of the absorption derived from the C—O group is 0.1 or less. means.
- the metal compound is a molybdenum compound
- the above-mentioned “substantially no absorption” means a CO group, an O—H group, a C ⁇ O group, or graphene oxide via an oxygen atom. It is desirable that each bond has a peak intensity at which it is evaluated that the bond with molybdenum does not exist from the infrared absorption spectrum.
- the metal or the crystal of the metal compound is substantially absent, and the metal compound has a nanometer size. It can be said that it exists as ultrafine particles.
- substantially no signal means that a metal or metal compound crystal is present when an XRD spectrum obtained by powder X-ray diffraction measurement is observed. Means that no signal is present.
- the method for producing the metal compound-graphene oxide complex of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the metal compound-graphene oxide complex may be produced by the method described in the column “2. Method for producing metal compound-graphene oxide complex” below. Can do.
- Step 1 Prepare a suspension by mixing at least one metal compound raw material selected from the group consisting of a cobalt compound, a nickel compound, and a molybdenum compound and graphene oxide in an inert solvent.
- Step 2 A step of irradiating the suspension with light having a wavelength in the range of 100 nm to 800 nm.
- step 1 a suspension is prepared by mixing at least one metal compound raw material selected from the group consisting of a cobalt compound, a nickel compound, and a molybdenum compound, and graphene oxide in an inert solvent. It is a process of preparing.
- the cobalt compound, nickel compound, and molybdenum compound used as the metal compound raw material in step 1 are not particularly limited as long as the metal compound-graphene oxide complex described above can be formed through step 2 described later. Not.
- a metal compound raw material may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more types.
- cobalt compound used as a raw material examples include a salt of cobalt and an inorganic acid, a salt of cobalt and a carboxylic acid, a salt of cobalt and a sulfonic acid, cobalt hydroxide, a cobalt double salt, a cobalt complex, and the like.
- cobalt acetate (II), cobalt chloride (II), etc. are mentioned.
- a cobalt compound used as a raw material one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- the nickel compound used as a raw material examples include a salt of nickel and an inorganic acid, a salt of nickel and carboxylic acid, a salt of nickel and sulfonic acid, nickel hydroxide, a nickel double salt, a nickel complex, and the like.
- nickel acetate (II), nickel chloride (II), etc. are mentioned.
- a nickel compound used as a raw material one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- molybdenum compound used as a raw material examples include molybdenum and sulfur salts, molybdenum and inorganic acid salts, molybdenum and carboxylic acid salts, molybdenum and sulfonic acid salts, molybdenum hydroxide, molybdenum double salt, Examples include molybdenum complexes. Preferable examples include ammonium thiomolybdate and molybdenum hexacarbonyl. As a molybdenum compound used as a raw material, one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- graphene oxide those described in the column of “1. Metal compound-graphene oxide complex” described above can be used.
- the mixing ratio of the metal compound raw material and graphene oxide is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately set according to the composition of the target metal compound-graphene oxide complex.
- the contents of cobalt, nickel, and molybdenum calculated from the results of elemental analysis on the surface of the metal compound-graphene oxide complex by the scanning electron microscope / energy dispersive spectroscopy are set to 0.
- about 100 parts by mass of the metal compound raw material may be used with respect to 100 parts by mass of graphene oxide.
- the inert solvent examples include, but are not limited to, ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol; esters such as ethyl acetate and propyl acetate; dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide Amides such as: sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide; water; or a mixed solvent thereof, and the like, preferably ethers, alcohols, amides, water or a mixed solvent thereof, and the like is more preferable. Examples thereof include tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, dimethylformamide, water, or one or more mixed solvents thereof.
- ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol
- esters such as ethyl acetate and propyl acetate
- Step 2 is a step of irradiating the suspension prepared in Step 1 with light having a wavelength in the range of 100 nm to 800 nm.
- the suspension may be irradiated with light having a wavelength in the range of 100 nm to 800 nm, more specifically, light including ultraviolet light, or only ultraviolet light, or visible light, infrared light, You may irradiate light of other wavelengths, such as light. That is, among light having a wavelength in the range of 100 nm to 800 nm, light including ultraviolet light is preferable, and light including light of other wavelengths such as visible light and infrared light in addition to ultraviolet light. It is also preferable that the light contains only ultraviolet light.
- light having a wavelength in the range of 100 nm to 800 nm may be further irradiated.
- Specific examples of light that can be actually used in this step include mercury lamp light (for example, high-pressure mercury lamp light).
- the wavelength of the light applied to the suspension in step 2 is about 100 to 800 nm, preferably about 180 to 600 nm.
- the wavelength is in such a range, and it is desirable to include light having an ultraviolet wavelength. .
- the temperature at which the reaction proceeds by irradiating with light having a wavelength in the range of 100 nm to 800 nm may be appropriately adjusted according to the wavelength of light, irradiation time, etc. C. to about 50.degree. C., preferably about 10.degree. C. to about 30.degree. C., more preferably about 20.degree.
- the time for irradiating light having a wavelength in the range of 100 nm to 800 nm may be appropriately adjusted according to the wavelength, temperature, etc. of the light, but is usually about 1 minute to 24 hours, About 10 minutes to 10 hours, more preferably about 30 minutes to 5 hours.
- Step 2 produces the metal compound-graphene oxide complex of the present invention in the suspension.
- step 1 and step 2 are preferably performed in an atmosphere of an inert gas (for example, nitrogen gas, argon gas, etc.).
- an inert gas for example, nitrogen gas, argon gas, etc.
- the production method of the present invention may further include a step of isolating the obtained metal compound-graphene oxide complex after step 2.
- An isolation process can be performed by a conventional method.
- the obtained metal compound-graphene oxide complex can be isolated by filtration, washing, and drying.
- the metal compound-graphene oxide complex of the present invention is used as a photocatalyst, in the presence of the photocatalyst including the metal compound-graphene oxide complex, for example, by a method of irradiating a hydrogen source containing at least one of water and alcohol, Hydrogen can be produced.
- Examples of the hydrogen source that is a raw material for hydrogen production include at least one of water and alcohol.
- Specific examples of the hydrogen source include water, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and propanol or mixtures thereof, preferably water, ethanol, mixtures thereof, and the like, and particularly preferably water. It is done.
- Examples of water include tap water, distilled water, ion-exchanged water, pure water, and industrial water, and preferably include tap water, distilled water, and industrial water. Only one type of hydrogen source may be used, or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- the light to be irradiated includes, for example, sunlight, white LED light, fluorescent lamp light, mercury lamp light (for example, high-pressure mercury lamp light), and preferably sunlight and white LED light. Only one type of light to be irradiated may be used, or two or more types may be mixed and used.
- the ratio of the photocatalyst to the hydrogen source as a raw material for hydrogen production is usually about 0.0001 to 5% by mass, preferably about 0.001 to 1% by mass, more preferably about 0.01 to 0.1% by mass. Is mentioned.
- the metal compound-graphene oxide complex of the present invention may be dispersed in a hydrogen source.
- the complex may be supported on a carrier and may be present in the hydrogen source.
- a transparent plate made of glass, plastic, or the like may be used as a support, and the metal compound-graphene oxide complex may be supported using a resin adhesive or the like.
- a reaction aid such as a photosensitizer and an electron donor may be used. Good.
- the photosensitizer used as a reaction aid a known photosensitizer can be used.
- the photosensitizer include aromatic hydrocarbon dyes (for example, coumarin, fluorescein, dibromofluorescein, eosin Y, eosin B, erythrosine B, rhodamine B, rose bengal, crystal violet, malachite green, auramine O, Acridine orange, brilliant clay blue, neutral red, thionine, methylene blue, orange II, indigo, alizarin, pinacanol, berberine, tetracycline, perpurine, thiazole orange, etc.
- aromatic hydrocarbon dyes for example, coumarin, fluorescein, dibromofluorescein, eosin Y, eosin B, erythrosine B, rhodamine B, rose bengal, crystal violet, malachite green, auramine O, Acridine orange, brilliant clay
- Cyanine dyes oxonol dyes, merocyanine dyes, triallyl carbonium dyes, etc.]; fullerene derivatives (eg, fullerene hydroxide, amino Acid fullerene, aminocaproic acid fullerene, carboxylic acid fullerene, bismalonate diethylfullerene, bismalonate ethylfullerene, etc.); Di-aclinic acid, deuteroporphyrin IX-2,4-di-sulfonic acid, 2,4-diacetyl deuteroporphyrin IX, TSPP, phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid, phthalocyanine disulfonic acid, phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid, their zinc, copper , Cadmium, cobalt, magnesium, aluminum, platinum, palladium, gallium, germanium, silica, tin, and other metal complexes); metal complex dyes (for
- the amount of the photosensitizer used is preferably about 0.1 to 100 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the photocatalyst.
- the electron donor is a compound that can donate electrons to the above-described photosensitizer, and examples thereof include triethylamine, triethanolamine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ascorbic acid, and the like. Examples include ethanolamine.
- One type of electron donor may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the amount of the electron donor used is, for example, preferably about 10 to 1000 parts by mass, more preferably about 100 to 750 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the photocatalyst.
- the reaction temperature is, for example, about 0 to 60 ° C., more preferably about 20 to 50 ° C. Further, since hydrogen is continuously produced while the photocatalyst is irradiated with light, light may be irradiated according to the time for producing hydrogen.
- the produced hydrogen can be continuously extracted to the outside through a gas outlet tube or the like, it can be stored in a cylinder or the like for storage and transportation as necessary.
- the metal compound-graphene oxide complex of the present invention can also be used as an electrode material.
- An electrode using an electrode material can be produced by a conventional method.
- the electrode of the present invention may be constituted substantially only by the metal compound-graphene oxide complex of the present invention (the complex may be substantially contained as an active ingredient), or the surface of the electrode May be composed of the composite of the present invention, and the interior may be composed of another metal or the like.
- the electrode of the present invention can have the same size, shape, etc. as the known (hydrogen generating) electrode, and can be used as an alternative to the known electrode used for water electrolysis. Can do.
- the (hydrogen generation) electrode of the present invention can be manufactured at low cost, and the hydrogen generation efficiency is high, so that the production cost of hydrogen can be greatly reduced.
- ice 100 cm 3 was put into a beaker, and the light purple liquid was slowly poured into the beaker. Further, while cooling the beaker with an ice bath, a 30% aqueous solution of H 2 O 2 was slowly added until the light purple became pale green. The resulting suspension was placed in a centrifuge tube and centrifuged (2600 ⁇ g, 3 hours). The supernatant was removed, and the precipitate was washed with water and then centrifuged (2600 ⁇ g, 30 minutes). The supernatant was removed and the precipitate was washed with 5% aqueous HCl and then centrifuged (2600 ⁇ g, 30 minutes).
- the obtained graphene oxide was subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization (MALDI) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS analysis) using Solarix manufactured by Bruker Daltonics.
- MALDI matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization
- FT-ICR-MS analysis Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
- the UV-visible absorption spectrum of the obtained graphene oxide (manufactured by JASCO Corporation, UV / VIS / NIR Spectrophotometer V-570) is shown in FIG. 2, and powder X-ray diffraction (manufactured by Rigaku Corporation, desktop X-ray diffraction device) MiniFlex 600) is shown in FIG.
- Example 1 Synthesis of Cobalt Compound-Graphene Oxide Complex
- Fig.4 (a) this apparatus is provided with the stirring bar, the inlet (3) of the inert gas, and the outlet (4) in the container (1) made of hard glass.
- a 100 W high-pressure mercury lamp (Sen Special Light Source Co., Ltd., HL100CH-4) (2) covered with a quartz glass cooling jacket (5) is provided inside the hard glass container (1).
- a circulation type cooling device is connected to the cooling jacket (5), and cooling water flows.
- the inside of the container (1) was placed in a nitrogen gas atmosphere, and cobalt acetate tetrahydrate (0.50 g) was added to the suspension of graphene oxide (0.50 g) and 50% aqueous ethanol solution obtained above. The mixture was stirred at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 10 minutes. Next, light was irradiated (2 hours) using a high-pressure mercury lamp (2) while bubbling nitrogen gas into the suspension. The wavelength of the irradiated light is 180 to 600 nm. Moreover, 30 degreeC cooling water was continued to flow through the cooling jacket (5) during light irradiation. The suspension changed from brown to black by light irradiation. Next, the obtained reaction solution was filtered to obtain a black solid. The black solid was washed with water and ethanol and then dried under reduced pressure using a desiccator to obtain a cobalt compound-graphene oxide complex (black powder, 0.43 g).
- Example 2 Synthesis of Nickel Compound-Graphene Oxide Complex Using a device having the same configuration as that of Example 1, a nickel compound-graphene oxide complex was synthesized. The inside of the container (1) was placed in a nitrogen gas atmosphere, and a suspension of graphene oxide (0.50 g) and 50% ethanol aqueous solution obtained by the method of [Synthesis Example] was mixed with nickel acetate tetrahydrate ( 0.50 g) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 10 minutes. Next, light was irradiated (2 hours) using a high-pressure mercury lamp (2) while bubbling nitrogen gas into the suspension. The wavelength of the irradiated light is 180 to 600 nm.
- Example 3 Synthesis of Molybdenum Compound-Graphene Oxide Complex Using a device having the same configuration as in Example 1, a molybdenum compound-graphene oxide complex was synthesized. The inside of the container (1) was placed in a nitrogen gas atmosphere, and the graphene oxide (0.30 g) obtained above was converted into an aqueous solution (100 cm 3 ) of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (NH 4 ) 2 MoS 4 (0.30 g). And stirred at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 10 minutes. Next, light was irradiated (4 hours) using a high-pressure mercury lamp (2) while bubbling nitrogen gas into the suspension. The wavelength of the irradiated light is 180 to 600 nm.
- Example 2 Synthesis of Iron Compound-Graphene Oxide Complex An iron compound-graphene oxide complex was synthesized using an apparatus having almost the same configuration as in Example 1. As shown in FIG. 4 (b), the reactor used was a hard glass container (3), a nitrogen supply line with a bubbler (1), a backflow stopper for the reaction solution (2), a stirrer, and inert. It has a gas inlet and outlet. Moreover, the mercury lamp with a quartz jacket (USHIO450W high pressure mercury lamp (4)) and the water bath (5) with a circulation type cooling device are provided outside the container (3) made of hard glass.
- the reactor used was a hard glass container (3), a nitrogen supply line with a bubbler (1), a backflow stopper for the reaction solution (2), a stirrer, and inert. It has a gas inlet and outlet. Moreover, the mercury lamp with a quartz jacket (USHIO450W high pressure mercury lamp (4)) and the water bath (5) with a circulation type cooling device are provided outside the container (3)
- the inside of the container (3) was placed in a nitrogen gas atmosphere, and the graphene oxide (0.18 g) and Fe (CO) 5 (0.18 g) obtained above were in tetrahydrofuran (THF, 20 cm 3 , deoxygenated). And stirred at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 10 minutes. Next, light irradiation was performed using a high-pressure mercury lamp (4) while bubbling nitrogen gas through the suspension (1.5 hours). The wavelength of the irradiated light is 260 to 600 nm. Moreover, the container (3) was cooled from the outside using the water bath (5) with a circulation type cooling device. The temperature of the water bath was kept at 30 ° C. The suspension changed from brown to black by light irradiation.
- reaction solution was filtered under a nitrogen gas atmosphere to obtain a black solid.
- the infrared absorption spectrum (IR) of each metal compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Reference Example was measured using FT-IR Spectrometer FT / IR-6200 (manufactured by JASCO Corporation). It was measured by ATR method.
- An infrared absorption spectrum of the cobalt compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Example 1 is shown in FIG. 5 (Co-GO).
- the infrared absorption spectrum (Ni-GO) of the nickel compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Example 2 is shown in FIG.
- the infrared absorption spectrum (Mo-GO) of the molybdenum compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Example 3 is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 shows an infrared absorption spectrum (GO) of the graphene oxide obtained above.
- the infrared absorption spectrum (Fe-GO) of the iron compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Reference Example is also shown in FIGS.
- structural diffraction signals due to cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, and iron metal compounds do not appear. This shows that many of these metal compounds are supported on graphene oxide as nanoparticles of about 3 nm or less. From the comparison of the powder X-ray diffraction measurement, it is also found that the graphene oxide in these composites is entirely changed to amorphous than the graphene oxide used as the raw material.
- FIG. 13 shows an SEM image of the cobalt compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Example 1. Further, a mapping image of cobalt atoms (Co-L) (note that a portion displayed in white is a place where cobalt atoms are present), a mapping image of oxygen atoms (OK) (note that they are displayed in white)
- FIG. 14 shows the carbon atom mapping image (C ⁇ K) (where the part displayed in white is the place where the carbon atom is present) side by side.
- FIG. 15 shows an SEM image of the nickel compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Example 2.
- a mapping image of nickel atoms Ni-L
- a mapping image of oxygen atoms OK
- FIG. 16 shows a carbon atom mapping image (C—K) (where the part displayed in white is the place where the carbon atom is present) arranged side by side.
- FIG. 17 shows an SEM image of the molybdenum compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Example 3.
- mapping images of molybdenum atoms and sulfur atoms Mo-LA, S-KA (where white portions are where molybdenum and sulfur atoms exist)
- mapping images of oxygen atoms OK
- mapping images of carbon atoms OK
- mapping image of carbon atom C-K
- each metal compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Examples 1 to 3 was measured by elemental analysis using a scanning electron microscope / energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM / EDX).
- SEM / EDX scanning electron microscope / energy dispersive spectroscopy
- FIG. 19 shows TEM images of the cobalt compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Example 1 at four magnifications.
- 20 shows a TEM image (BF), a cobalt atom mapping image (CoK), an oxygen atom mapping image (OK), and a carbon atom mapping image (CK).
- FIG. 21 shows TEM images of the nickel compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Example 2 at four magnifications.
- FIG. 22 shows a TEM image (BF), a cobalt atom mapping image (CoK), an oxygen atom mapping image (OK), and a carbon atom mapping image (CK).
- Example 4 Production of hydrogen Hydrogen was produced from water and ethanol using each metal compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Reference Example as a photocatalyst.
- the reaction apparatus the apparatus shown in the photograph of FIG. 23 was used. This device is equipped with a septum stopper [2] and a white LED [3] (OSW4XME3ClE, Optsuply :) in a vial [1] (30 cm 3 ).
- Mixture A1 a (10 cm 3) were placed in a vial (30 cm 3), and the septum stoppered, stirring with a stirrer, at 20 ° C., was irradiated with white LED light (OSW4XME3ClE, Optosupply) to the vial.
- FIG. 24 shows a graph showing the relationship between the light irradiation time and the total amount of generated hydrogen when the cobalt compound-graphene oxide complex (Co-GO) obtained in Example 1 is used.
- FIG. 25 is a graph showing the relationship between the light irradiation time and the total amount of generated hydrogen when the nickel compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Example 2 is used.
- FIG. 26 shows a graph showing the relationship between the light irradiation time and the total amount of generated hydrogen when the molybdenum compound-graphene oxide complex obtained in Example 3 is used.
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Abstract
Description
項1. コバルト化合物、ニッケル化合物、及びモリブデン化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の金属化合物と、グラフェンオキサイドとの複合体であって、
前記金属化合物が、コバルト化合物またはニッケル化合物を含む場合には、当該複合体の赤外吸収スペクトルにおいて、C-O基に由来する吸収が存在し、かつ、O-H基及びC=O基に由来する吸収、並びに酸素原子を介したグラフェンオキサイドとコバルトまたはニッケルとの結合に由来する吸収が、実質的に存在せず、
前記金属化合物が、モリブデン化合物である場合には、当該複合体の赤外吸収スペクトルにおいて、C-O基、O-H基、及びC=O基に由来する吸収、並びに酸素原子を介したグラフェンオキサイドとモリブデンとの結合に由来する吸収が、いずれも実質的に存在しない、金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体。
項2. 前記金属化合物の粒子径が、10nm以下である、項1に記載の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体。
項3. 走査型電子顕微鏡/エネルギー分散型分光法による、金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体の表面に関する元素分析測定結果から算出されるコバルト、ニッケル、及びモリブデンの含有量が、0.1~50質量%である、項1または2に記載の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体。
項4. 一次粒子径が、100μm以下である、項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体。
項5. 粉末X線回折測定における2θ=30°以上に、金属または金属化合物の結晶に基づくシグナルを実質的に有していない、項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体。
項6. 前記コバルト化合物がコバルト酸化物であり、前記ニッケル化合物がニッケル酸化物であり、前記モリブデン化合物がモリブデンのカルコゲン化合物である、項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体。
項7. 原料とする、コバルト化合物、ニッケル化合物、及びモリブデン化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の金属化合物原料と、グラフェンオキサイドとを、不活性溶媒中で混合して懸濁液を調製する工程と、
前記懸濁液に、波長が100nm~800nmの範囲にある光を照射する工程
を備える、コバルト化合物、ニッケル化合物、及びモリブデン化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の金属化合物と、グラフェンオキサイドとの複合体の製造方法。
項8. 前記原料とするコバルト化合物が、コバルトと無機酸との塩、コバルトとカルボン酸との塩、コバルトとスルホン酸との塩、水酸化コバルト、コバルト複塩、及びコバルト錯体の少なくとも1種であり、
前記原料とするニッケル化合物が、ニッケルと無機酸との塩、ニッケルとカルボン酸との塩、ニッケルとスルホン酸との塩、水酸化ニッケル、ニッケル複塩、及びニッケル錯体の少なくとも1種であり、
前記原料とするモリブデン化合物が、モリブデンと無機酸との塩、モリブデンとカルボン酸との塩、モリブデンとスルホン酸との塩、水酸化モリブデン、モリブデン複塩、モリブデン錯体、及びモリブデンと硫黄との塩の少なくとも1種である、
項7に記載の複合体の製造方法。
項9. 項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体を含む、光触媒。
項10. 項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体の存在下、水及びアルコールの少なくとも一方を含む水素源に光を照射する工程を備える、水素の製造方法。
項11. 前記における照射光として、太陽光及び白色LED光の少なくとも一方を用いる、項10に記載の水素の製造方法。
項12. 項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体を触媒として備える、水素製造装置。
本発明の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体は、コバルト化合物、ニッケル化合物、及びモリブデン化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の金属化合物と、グラフェンオキサイドとの複合体である。さらに、本発明の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体は、金属化合物が、コバルト化合物またはニッケル化合物を含む場合には、当該複合体の赤外吸収スペクトルにおいて、C-O基に由来する吸収が存在し、かつ、O-H基及びC=O基に由来する吸収、並びに酸素原子を介したグラフェンオキサイドとコバルトまたはニッケルとの結合に由来する吸収が、実質的に存在せず、また、金属化合物が、モリブデン化合物である場合には、当該複合体の赤外吸収スペクトルにおいて、C-O基、O-H基、及びC=O基に由来する吸収、並びに酸素原子を介したグラフェンオキサイドとモリブデンとの結合に由来する吸収が、いずれも実質的に存在しないことを特徴としている。以下、本発明の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体について、詳述する。
本発明の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体の製造方法は、以下の工程1及び工程2を備えていることを特徴としている。以下、本発明の製造方法について、詳述する。
工程1:原料とする、コバルト化合物、ニッケル化合物、及びモリブデン化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の金属化合物原料と、グラフェンオキサイドとを、不活性溶媒中で混合して懸濁液を調製する工程。
工程2:懸濁液に、波長が100nm~800nmの範囲にある光を照射する工程。
工程1は、原料とする、コバルト化合物、ニッケル化合物、及びモリブデン化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の金属化合物原料と、グラフェンオキサイドとを、不活性溶媒中で混合して懸濁液を調製する工程である。
工程2は、工程1で調製した懸濁液に、波長が100nm~800nmの範囲にある光を照射する工程である。工程2において、懸濁液には、波長が100nm~800nmの範囲にある光、より具体的には紫外光を含む光、さらには紫外光のみを照射してもよいし、可視光、赤外光などの他の波長の光を照射してもよい。すなわち、波長が100nm~800nmの範囲にある光の中でも、紫外光を含む光であることが好ましく、紫外光に加えて、可視光や赤外光などの他の波長の光を含む光であることも好ましく、紫外光のみを含む光であることも好ましい。また、波長が100nm~800nmの範囲にある光に加えて、波長が当該範囲外にある光をさらに照射してもよい。本工程で実際に使用し得る光としては、水銀灯の光(例えば高圧水銀灯光)などを具体例としてあげることができる。
(1)光触媒としての用途
本発明の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体を光触媒として用いることにより、水やエタノールなどの水素源から、水素を製造することができる。
また、本発明の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体は、電極材料として用いることもできる。電極材料を用いた電極は、常法により製造することができる。
500cm3の一口ナスフラスコに濃硫酸(95~98%、133cm3)とグラファイト(Graphite flakes、ナカライテスク社製)(1.01g)を加え、室温(約20℃)で、15分間攪拌した。次に、KMnO4(1.04g)を加え、室温(約20℃)で、約1日攪拌した。さらに、KMnO4(1.03g)を加え、室温(約20℃)で、約1日攪拌した。さらにまた、KMnO4(1.04g)を加え、室温(約20℃)で、約1日攪拌した。最後に、KMnO4(1.03g)を加え、室温(約20℃)で、約1日攪拌して、淡紫色の懸濁液を得た。
図4(a)に示す構成の装置を用いて、コバルト化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体を合成した。図4(a)に示すように、本装置は、硬質ガラス製の容器(1)に、撹拌子及び、不活性ガスの導入口(3)及び導出口(4)を備えている。また、硬質ガラス製の容器(1)の内部に、石英ガラス製の冷却ジャケット(5)で覆った100W高圧水銀灯(セン特殊光源株式会社、HL100CH-4)(2)を備えている。冷却ジャケット(5)には循環型冷却装置が接続されており、冷却水が流れる。
実施例1と同じ構成の装置を用いて、ニッケル化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体を合成した。容器(1)の内部を窒素ガス雰囲気下とし、上記[合成例]の方法で得られたグラフェンオキサイド(0.50g)及び50%エタノール水溶液の懸濁液に、酢酸ニッケル・四水和物(0.50g)を加え、室温(25℃)下、10分間攪拌した。次に、懸濁液中に窒素ガスをバブリングしながら、高圧水銀灯(2)を用いて光照射した(2時間)。照射した光の波長は、180~600nmである。また、光照射中、冷却ジャケット(5)には30℃の冷却水を流し続けた。光照射により、懸濁液は茶色から黒色に変化した。次に、得られた反応液を濾過し、黒色固体を得た。この黒色固体を水とエタノールを用いて洗浄した後、デシケータを用いて減圧乾燥することにより、ニッケル化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体(黒色粉末、0.43g)を得た。
実施例1と同じ構成の装置を用いて、モリブデン化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体を合成した。容器(1)の内部を窒素ガス雰囲気下とし、上記で得られたグラフェンオキサイド(0.30g)を、テトラチオモリブデン酸アンモニウム(NH4)2MoS4(0.30g)の水溶液(100cm3)に加え、室温(25℃)下、10分間攪拌した。次に、懸濁液中に窒素ガスをバブリングしながら、高圧水銀灯(2)を用いて光照射した(4時間)。照射した光の波長は、180~600nmである。また、光照射中、冷却ジャケット(5)には30℃の冷却水を流し続けた。光照射により、懸濁液は茶色から黒色に変化した。次に、得られた反応液を濾過し、黒色固体を得た。この黒色固体を水とエタノールを用いて洗浄した後、デシケータを用いて減圧乾燥することにより、モリブデン化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体(黒色粉末、0.31g)を得た。
実施例1とほぼ同じ構成の装置を用いて、鉄化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体を合成した。使用した反応装置は、図4(b)に示されるように、硬質ガラス製の容器(3)に、バブラー付き窒素供給ライン(1)、反応液の逆流止め(2)、撹拌子、不活性ガス導入口、及び導出口を有している。また、硬質ガラス製の容器(3)の外部に、石英ジャケット付き水銀ランプ(USHIO450W高圧水銀灯(4))及び循環型冷却装置付水浴(5)を備えている。容器(3)の内部を窒素ガス雰囲気下とし、上記で得られたグラフェンオキサイド(0.18g)及びFe(CO)5(0.18g)をテトラヒドロフラン(THF、20cm3、脱酸素処理済み)中に加え、室温(25℃)下、10分間攪拌した。次に、懸濁液中に窒素ガスをバブリングしながら、高圧水銀灯(4)を用いて光照射した(1.5時間)。照射した光の波長は、260~600nmである。また、容器(3)は、循環型冷却装置付水浴(5)を用いて外部から冷却した。水浴の温度は30℃に保った。光照射により、懸濁液は茶色から黒色に変化した。次に、窒素ガス雰囲気下において、得られた反応液を濾過し、黒色固体を得た。この黒色固体をTHF(10cm3)、ジクロロメタン(10cm3)及びエーテル(10cm3)で洗浄したのち、減圧乾燥することにより、鉄化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体を得た(黒色粉末、0.16g)。
実施例1~3及び参考例で得られた各金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体について、FT-IR Spectrometer FT/IR-6200(日本分光株式会社製)を用いて、赤外吸収スペクトル(IR)をATR法により測定した。実施例1で得られたコバルト化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体の赤外吸収スペクトルを図5に示す(Co-GO)。実施例2で得られたニッケル化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体の赤外吸収スペクトル(Ni-GO)を図6に示す。実施例3で得られたモリブデン化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体の赤外吸収スペクトル(Mo-GO)を図7に示す。また、図8には、上記で得られたグラフェンオキサイドの赤外吸収スペクトル(GO)を示す。なお、参考例で得られた鉄化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体の赤外吸収スペクトル(Fe-GO)は、図5~8に併記した。
実施例1~3及び参考例で得られた各金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体について、デスクトップX線回折装置MiniFlex600((株)リガク製)を用いて、粉末X線回折(XRD)測定を行った。実施例1で得られたコバルト化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体のXRDスペクトル(Co-GO)を図9に示す。実施例2で得られたニッケル化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体のXRDスペクトル(Ni-GO)を図10に示す。実施例3で得られたモリブデン化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体のXRDスペクトル(Mo-GO)を図11に示す。参考例で得られた鉄化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体のXRDスペクトルを図12に示す。
実施例1~3で得られた各金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体の表面について、株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製の走査型電子顕微鏡SU6600及びブルッカー社製の付属装置(ブルッカーASX QUANTAX XFlash 5060FQ:エネルギー分散型分光法)を用いて、それぞれSEM画像および各原子のマッピング画像の観察、元素分析を行った。試料はいずれも炭素テープに貼付けて、測定を行った。
実施例1~3で得られた各金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体の表面について、日本電子株式会社製、JEOL、FEG 透過型電子顕微鏡(300kV)を用いて、エネルギー分散型分光法(TEM/EDX)により観察した。
実施例1~3及び参考例で得られた各金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体を光触媒として用いて、水及びエタノールから水素の製造を行った。反応装置として、図23の写真で示される装置を用いた。この装置は、バイアル[1](30cm3)に、セプタム栓[2]、および白色LED[3](OSW4XME3ClE、 Optosupply:)を備えている。
(採取した気体中の水素の量)×200≒(系から発生した水素の総量)
Claims (12)
- コバルト化合物、ニッケル化合物、及びモリブデン化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の金属化合物と、グラフェンオキサイドとの複合体であって、
前記金属化合物が、コバルト化合物またはニッケル化合物を含む場合には、当該複合体の赤外吸収スペクトルにおいて、C-O基に由来する吸収が存在し、かつ、O-H基及びC=O基に由来する吸収、並びに酸素原子を介したグラフェンオキサイドとコバルトまたはニッケルとの結合に由来する吸収が、実質的に存在せず、
前記金属化合物が、モリブデン化合物である場合には、当該複合体の赤外吸収スペクトルにおいて、C-O基、O-H基、及びC=O基に由来する吸収、並びに酸素原子を介したグラフェンオキサイドとモリブデンとの結合に由来する吸収が、いずれも実質的に存在しない、金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体。 - 前記金属化合物の粒子径が、10nm以下である、請求項1に記載の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体。
- 走査型電子顕微鏡/エネルギー分散型分光法による、金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体の表面に関する元素分析測定結果から算出されるコバルト、ニッケル、及びモリブデンの含有量が、0.1~50質量%である、請求項1または2に記載の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体。
- 一次粒子径が、100μm以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体。
- 粉末X線回折測定における2θ=30°以上に、金属または金属化合物の結晶に基づくシグナルを実質的に有していない、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体。
- 前記コバルト化合物がコバルト酸化物であり、前記ニッケル化合物がニッケル酸化物であり、前記モリブデン化合物がモリブデンのカルコゲン化合物である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体。
- 原料とする、コバルト化合物、ニッケル化合物、及びモリブデン化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の金属化合物原料と、グラフェンオキサイドとを、不活性溶媒中で混合して懸濁液を調製する工程と、
前記懸濁液に、波長が100nm~800nmの範囲にある光を照射する工程
を備える、コバルト化合物、ニッケル化合物、及びモリブデン化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の金属化合物と、グラフェンオキサイドとの複合体の製造方法。 - 前記原料とするコバルト化合物が、コバルトと無機酸との塩、コバルトとカルボン酸との塩、コバルトとスルホン酸との塩、水酸化コバルト、コバルト複塩、及びコバルト錯体の少なくとも1種であり、
前記原料とするニッケル化合物が、ニッケルと無機酸との塩、ニッケルとカルボン酸との塩、ニッケルとスルホン酸との塩、水酸化ニッケル、ニッケル複塩、及びニッケル錯体の少なくとも1種であり、
前記原料とするモリブデン化合物が、モリブデンと無機酸との塩、モリブデンとカルボン酸との塩、モリブデンとスルホン酸との塩、水酸化モリブデン、モリブデン複塩、モリブデン錯体、及びモリブデンと硫黄との塩の少なくとも1種である、
請求項7に記載の複合体の製造方法。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体を含む、光触媒。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体の存在下、水及びアルコールの少なくとも一方を含む水素源に光を照射する工程を備える、水素の製造方法。
- 前記における照射光として、太陽光及び白色LED光の少なくとも一方を用いる、請求項10に記載の水素の製造方法。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の金属化合物-グラフェンオキサイド複合体を触媒として備える、水素製造装置。
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