WO2018062381A1 - 鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018062381A1 WO2018062381A1 PCT/JP2017/035200 JP2017035200W WO2018062381A1 WO 2018062381 A1 WO2018062381 A1 WO 2018062381A1 JP 2017035200 W JP2017035200 W JP 2017035200W WO 2018062381 A1 WO2018062381 A1 WO 2018062381A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel plate and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the steel sheet of the present invention can be preferably used as a high-strength steel sheet for cold press forming used in automobiles, home appliances and the like through a cold press forming process.
- Delayed fracture means that when a part is placed in a hydrogen intrusion environment with high stress applied to the part, hydrogen penetrates into the steel sheet, reducing interatomic bonding force and causing local deformation. This is a phenomenon in which a microcrack occurs and breaks down as it progresses. In most cases, such breakage occurs from the end face of a steel plate that is cut by shearing.
- the delayed fracture limit stress of the steel sheet with the shear end face is reduced to 1/3 to 1/20 compared with the case where the strain-affected zone is removed by reaming. That is, it can be said that the delayed fracture resistance of the shear end face is one of the main factors determining the delayed fracture resistance of the actual part.
- Patent Documents 2, 3, and 4 disclose techniques for preventing hydrogen-induced cracking by reducing S in steel to a certain level and adding Ca.
- Patent Document 5 C: 0.1 to 0.5%, Si: 0.10 to 2%, Mn: 0.44 to 3%, N ⁇ 0.008%, Al: 0.005 to 0.1 In a steel containing 0.1%, V: 0.05-2.82%, Mo: 0.1% or more and less than 3.0%, Ti: 0.03-1.24%, Nb: 0.05-0.
- a technique for improving delayed fracture resistance by dispersing fine alloy carbide containing 95% of one kind or two or more kinds and serving as a hydrogen trap site is disclosed.
- each of these methods is intended to improve the delayed fracture resistance of the material itself, and it does not fully consider the delayed fracture resistance of the shear end surface that has already reached the fracture limit strain before pressing. The effect is not always sufficient.
- the present invention has been made to solve such problems and is a steel plate of TS ⁇ 1320 MPa, and is subjected to cold pressing after blanking or punching by shearing or slit, or after cold pressing. It is an object of the present invention to provide a steel sheet capable of imparting excellent delayed fracture resistance to a part that performs drilling by cutting or punching a part by shearing, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies in order to solve the above problems, and have obtained the following knowledge.
- the individual inclusion particles constituting this inclusion group are mainly Mn, Ti, Zr, Ca, REM-based sulfides, Al, Ca, Mg, Si, Na-based oxides, Ti, Zr, Nb, Al-based nitrides, Ti, Nb, Zr, and Mo-based carbides, and inclusions in which these are compositely precipitated, do not include iron-based carbides.
- the delayed fracture resistance is improved by refining the old ⁇ grain size by the action of Nb and Ti-based precipitates.
- the delayed fracture resistance is remarkably improved by increasing the annealing temperature in the continuous annealing process and increasing the old ⁇ grain size.
- the present inventors consider as follows. That is, it is considered that the texture changes due to the addition of Nb, affects the residual stress of the sheared end face, and improves the delayed fracture resistance. It is considered that the delayed fracture resistance is remarkably improved by the orientation of the texture during the annealing process in which old ⁇ grains grow.
- the present invention has been made based on the above knowledge, and specifically provides the following.
- the major axis length of the inclusion particles is 0.3 ⁇ m or more, and when it is composed of two or more inclusion particles, the shortest distance between the inclusion particles is 10 ⁇ m or less. It is.
- the component composition further contains, in mass%, one or two selected from Cu: 0.005% to 1% and Ni: 0.01% to 1% [1] Or the steel plate as described in [2].
- the component composition is further mass%, Cr: 0.01% to 1.0%, Mo: 0.01% to less than 0.3%, V: 0.003% to 0.45% Any one of [1] to [3] containing one or more selected from Zr: 0.005% to 0.2% and W: 0.005% to 0.2% Steel plate according to crab.
- the component composition is further mass%, Ca: 0.0002% to 0.0030%, Ce: 0.0002% to 0.0030%, La: 0.0002% to 0.0030%
- the component composition further includes one or two kinds selected from Sb: 0.002% to 0.1% and Sn: 0.002% to 0.1% by mass%
- Sb 0.002% to 0.1%
- Sn 0.002% to 0.1% by mass%
- a steel slab having the component composition according to any one of [1] to [6] is retained at a slab surface temperature of 1220 ° C. or more for 100 minutes or more, and then hot-rolled to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet,
- the hot-rolled steel sheet is cold-rolled by cold rolling at a cold rolling rate of 40% or more, and the cold-rolled steel sheet is treated at an annealing temperature exceeding 850 ° C. for 240 seconds or more, and from a temperature of 680 ° C. or more.
- the steel sheet is cooled at an average cooling rate of 70 ° C./s or higher to a temperature of 260 ° C. or lower, reheated as necessary, and then continuously annealed in a temperature range of 150 to 260 ° C. for 20 to 1500 seconds. Production method.
- a high-strength steel sheet excellent in delayed fracture resistance of the shear end face can be obtained.
- This improvement in properties makes it possible to apply high-strength steel sheets for cold press forming applications involving shearing and punching, contributing to improved component strength and weight reduction.
- the steel sheet of the present invention is in mass%, C: 0.13% or more and 0.40% or less, Si: 1.5% or less, Mn: 1.7% or less, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0 Less than .0010%, sol. Al: 0.20% or less, N: 0.0055% or less, O: 0.0025% or less, Nb: 0.002% to 0.035% and Ti: 0.002% to 0.040% It contains so that Formula (1) and Formula (2) may be satisfy
- the above component composition may further contain B: 0.0002% or more and less than 0.0035% by mass%.
- the component composition may further contain 1% or 2% by mass selected from Cu: 0.005% to 1% and Ni: 0.01% to 1%.
- the above component composition is further in mass%, Cr: 0.01% to 1.0%, Mo: 0.01% to less than 0.3%, V: 0.003% to 0.45%, Zr : 0.005% or more and 0.2% or less and W: 0.005% or more and 0.2% or less may be included.
- the above component composition is further in mass%, Ca: 0.0002% to 0.0030%, Ce: 0.0002% to 0.0030%, La: 0.0002% to 0.0030% and Mg : One or more selected from 0.0002% to 0.0030% may be contained.
- the component composition may further contain 1% or 2% by mass selected from Sb: 0.002% to 0.1% and Sn: 0.002% to 0.1%. Good.
- C 0.13% or more and 0.40% or less C improves the hardenability and obtains a steel structure in which 95% or more is martensite or bainite, and also increases the strength of martensite or bainite, TS ⁇ 1320 MPa From the viewpoint of ensuring. Further, C is contained from the viewpoint of generating fine carbides that become hydrogen trap sites inside martensite and bainite. When the C content is less than 0.13%, it is impossible to obtain a predetermined strength while maintaining excellent delayed fracture resistance. From the viewpoint of maintaining excellent delayed fracture resistance and obtaining TS ⁇ 1470 MPa, C is preferably 0.18% or more. More preferably, it is 0.20% or more. If C exceeds 0.40%, the strength becomes too high and it becomes difficult to obtain sufficient delayed fracture resistance. Preferably it is 0.35% or less, More preferably, it is 0.30% or less. Accordingly, C is set to 0.13 to 0.40%.
- Si 1.5% or less Si is contained as a strengthening element by solid solution strengthening and from the viewpoint of improving delayed fracture resistance by suppressing the formation of film-like carbides when tempering in a temperature range of 200 ° C. or higher. To do. Further, Si is contained from the viewpoint of reducing Mn segregation in the central portion of the plate thickness and suppressing generation of MnS. Furthermore, Si is contained in order to suppress decarburization and de-B due to oxidation of the surface layer during CAL annealing. Although the lower limit of the Si content is not specified, it is desirable to contain 0.02% or more of Si from the viewpoint of obtaining the above effect.
- the Si content is 1.5% or less (including 0%).
- it is 1.4% or less, More preferably, it is 1.2% or less, More preferably, it is 0.9% or less.
- Mn 1.7% or less Mn is contained to improve the hardenability of the steel and to bring the total area ratio of martensite and bainite into a predetermined range. Moreover, in order to fix S in steel as MnS and reduce hot brittleness, it contains Mn. Mn is an element that particularly promotes the formation and coarsening of MnS at the center of the plate thickness, and is combined with inclusion particles such as Al 2 O 3 , (Nb, Ti) (C, N), TiN, TiS, etc. It precipitates and contributes to the formation of the target steel structure in the present invention. If the Mn content exceeds 1.7%, the number and size of inclusions increase, and the delayed fracture resistance of the shear end face is significantly deteriorated.
- Mn is 1.7% or less. From the viewpoint of further reducing coarse MnS and improving delayed fracture resistance, Mn is preferably 1.4% or less. More preferably, it is 1.3% or less. In order to ensure industrially stable total area ratio of predetermined martensite and bainite, it is preferable to contain 0.2% or more of Mn. More preferably, it is 0.4% or more, More preferably, it is 0.6% or more.
- P 0.030% or less
- P is an element that strengthens steel, but if its content is large, delayed fracture resistance and spot weldability are significantly deteriorated. Therefore, the P content is 0.030% or less. From the above viewpoint, P is preferably 0.004% or less.
- the lower limit is not specified, but the lower limit that can be industrially implemented is about 0.002%.
- S Less than 0.0010% S has a great influence on the delayed fracture resistance of the shear end face through the formation of MnS, TiS, Ti (C, S), etc., so it needs to be precisely controlled. Reduction of coarse MnS exceeding 80 ⁇ m, which has been considered to have an adverse effect on bendability in the past, is not sufficient, and MnS is an inclusion such as Al 2 O 3 , (Nb, Ti) (C, N), TiN, TiS and the like. It is necessary to adjust the inclusion particles precipitated in combination with the particles to the steel structure intended in the present invention. This adjustment achieves a significant improvement in delayed fracture resistance. In order to reduce the harmful effects caused by the inclusion group, the S content needs to be at least less than 0.0010%. From the viewpoint of improving delayed fracture resistance, S is preferably 0.0004% or less. Although the lower limit is not specified, the lower limit that can be industrially applied at present is about 0.0002%, which is substantially higher.
- sol. Al 0.20% or less Al is contained for performing sufficient deoxidation and reducing inclusions in the steel.
- the lower limit of Al is not particularly specified, but is preferably 0.01% or more for stable deoxidation. Preferably it is 0.02% or more.
- N 0.0055% or less
- N is an element that forms nitrides and carbonitride inclusions such as TiN, (Nb, Ti) (C, N), and AlN in steel. Deteriorating delayed fracture characteristics. These prevent the steel structure required in the present invention from being adjusted, and adversely affect the delayed fracture resistance of the shear end face.
- N needs to be at least 0.0055% or less. Preferably it is 0.0050% or less, More preferably, it is 0.0045% or less, More preferably, it is 0.0040% or less.
- the lower limit is not specified, the lower limit that can be industrially implemented is about 0.0006%.
- O forms granular oxide inclusions such as Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , CaO, MgO having a diameter of 1 to 20 ⁇ m in steel, Al, Si, Mn, Na, An inclusion in which Ca, Mg, etc. are combined to lower the melting point is formed.
- O needs to be at least 0.0025% or less. Preferably it is 0.0023% or less, More preferably, it is 0.0020% or less.
- the lower limit is not specified, the lower limit that can be industrially implemented is about 0.0005%.
- Nb 0.002% or more and 0.035% or less Nb contributes to high strength through refinement of the internal structure of martensite and bainite and improves delayed fracture resistance as described above. From such a viewpoint, Nb is contained 0.002% or more. Preferably it is 0.005% or more, More preferably, it is 0.010% or more. However, in the present invention, which may contain 0.21% or more of C from the viewpoint of ultra-high strength, it has been found that the delayed fracture resistance rather deteriorates when the Nb content is increased. When the cause was investigated, NbN, Nb (C, N), (Nb, Ti) (C, Nb) distributed in a dotted line in the rolling direction when the Nb content exceeds a certain amount with respect to the Ti content.
- the Nb content is set to 0.035% or less. Preferably it is 0.030% or less, More preferably, it is 0.025% or less, More preferably, it is 0.023% or less.
- Ti 0.002% or more and 0.040% or less Ti contributes to high strength through refinement of the internal structure of martensite and bainite. It also improves delayed fracture resistance through the formation of fine Ti-based carbides and carbonitrides that serve as hydrogen trap sites. It also improves castability. From such a viewpoint, the Ti content is set to 0.002% or more. Preferably it is 0.005% or more, More preferably, it is 0.010% or more. However, in the present invention, which may contain 0.21% or more of C from the viewpoint of ultra-high strength, TiN, Ti distributed in a dot sequence in the rolling direction when Ti is contained in a certain amount or more with respect to the Nb content.
- the Ti content is set to 0.040% or less. Preferably it is 0.035% or less, More preferably, it is 0.030% or less, More preferably, it is 0.025% or less.
- Nb and Ti need to satisfy [% Ti] + [% Nb]> 0.007.
- [% Ti] + [% Nb] is preferably 0.010% or more, more preferably 0.015% or more, and further preferably 0.020% or more.
- 0.070% or less is preferable, as for the upper limit of [% Ti] + [% Nb], More preferably, it is 0.060% or less, More preferably, it is 0.050% or less.
- the solid solution limit of Nb is small, and when Nb and Ti are added in combination, they are very stable even at a high temperature of 1200 ° C. or more (Nb, Ti) (C , N), (Nb, Ti) (C, S) are easily generated, and the solid solution limit amount of Nb and Ti becomes extremely small. For this reason, in order to reduce the insoluble precipitate generated due to such a decrease in the solid solution limit, Nb and Ti have [% Ti] ⁇ [% Nb] 2 ⁇ 7.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ . It is necessary to control to 6 .
- [% Ti] ⁇ [% Nb] 2 ⁇ 6.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 more preferably [% Ti] ⁇ [% Nb] 2 ⁇ 5.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 , and further preferably [% Ti] ⁇ [% Nb] 2 ⁇ 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 .
- [% Ti] ⁇ [% Nb] 2 ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 is preferable, and [% Ti] ⁇ [% Nb] 2 ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 is more preferable.
- the component composition of the steel sheet of the present invention may include the following optional elements.
- B 0.0002% or more and less than 0.0035%
- B is an element that improves the hardenability of steel, and has an advantage of generating martensite and bainite having a predetermined area ratio even with a small Mn content.
- the B content is preferably 0.0002% or more, and more preferably 0.0005% or more. More preferably, it is 0.0010% or more. From the viewpoint of fixing N, it is desirable to add together with 0.002% or more of Ti.
- B is contained in an amount of 0.0035% or more, not only the effect is saturated, but also the slow dissolution rate of cementite during annealing, and the delayed fracture resistance of the shear end face by leaving undissolved cementite remaining. Deteriorates.
- it is 0.0030% or less, More preferably, it is 0.0025% or less.
- the B content is desirably 0.0002% or more and less than 0.0035%.
- Cu 0.005% or more and 1% or less Cu improves the corrosion resistance in the environment of use of automobiles.
- the inclusion of Cu has an effect that the corrosion product covers the steel sheet surface and suppresses hydrogen intrusion into the steel sheet.
- Cu is an element mixed when scrap is used as a raw material. By allowing Cu to be mixed, recycled material can be used as a raw material and manufacturing costs can be reduced.
- Cu is preferably contained in an amount of 0.005% or more from the above viewpoint, and further Cu is preferably contained in an amount of 0.05% or more from the viewpoint of improving delayed fracture resistance. More preferably, it is 0.10% or more. However, if the content is too large, it causes surface defects, so the Cu content is preferably 1% or less. More preferably, it is 0.50% or less, More preferably, it is 0.30% or less.
- Ni 0.01% or more and 1% or less Ni is also an element having an action of improving the corrosion resistance. Moreover, Ni has the effect
- the content is preferably 0.01% or more. More preferably, it is 0.05% or more, More preferably, it is 0.10% or more.
- the Cr content is desirably 0.01 to 1.0%. Since the delayed fracture resistance, pitting corrosion resistance, and chemical conversion treatment properties all tend to start to deteriorate with more than 0.2% Cr, the Cr content is more preferably 0.2% or less from the viewpoint of preventing them.
- Mo 0.01% or more and less than 0.3%
- Mo is an effect of improving the hardenability of steel, an effect of generating fine carbide containing Mo that becomes a hydrogen trap site, and a resistance to resistance by refining martensite. It can be added for the purpose of improving the delayed fracture characteristics. When a large amount of Nb and Ti is added, these coarse precipitates are formed and the delayed fracture resistance is deteriorated. However, the solid solution limit amount of Mo is larger than that of Nb and Ti. When added in combination with Nb and Ti, fine precipitates in which these and Mo are combined are formed, and the structure is refined.
- Mo in addition to a small amount of Nb and Ti, it becomes possible to disperse a large amount of fine carbides while refining the structure without leaving coarse precipitates, and to provide delayed fracture resistance. It becomes possible to improve.
- chemical conversion processability deteriorates when it contains 0.3% or more of Mo. Preferably it is 0.2% or less. From the above, it is desirable that Mo be 0.01% or more and less than 0.3%.
- V 0.003% or more and 0.45% or less
- V is an effect of improving the hardenability of steel, an effect of generating fine carbides containing V that become hydrogen trap sites, and a delay resistance due to refinement of martensite. It can be added for the purpose of obtaining the effect of improving the fracture characteristics.
- the V content is preferably 0.003% or more. More preferably, it is 0.03% or more, More preferably, it is 0.05% or more. However, when V is contained exceeding 0.45%, the castability is remarkably deteriorated. More preferably, it is 0.30% or less, More preferably, it is 0.20% or less. Furthermore, 0.09% or less is preferable. Therefore, the V content is desirably 0.003 to 0.45%.
- Zr 0.005% or more and 0.2% or less Zr contributes to high strength through refinement of the former ⁇ grain size and reduction of block size and vane grain size, which are the internal structural units of martensite and bainite. And improve delayed fracture resistance. In addition, the formation of fine Zr-based carbides and carbonitrides that will serve as hydrogen trap sites will increase the strength and improve delayed fracture resistance. It also improves castability. From such a viewpoint, the Zr content is preferably 0.005% or more. More preferably, it is 0.010% or more, More preferably, it is 0.015% or more.
- the Zr content is 0.2% or less. More preferably, it is 0.1% or less, More preferably, it is 0.04% or less.
- W 0.005% or more and 0.2% or less W contributes to the improvement of delayed fracture resistance as well as high strength through the formation of fine W-based carbides / carbonitrides that serve as hydrogen trap sites.
- W is desirably contained in an amount of 0.005% or more. More preferably, it is 0.010% or more, More preferably, it is 0.030% or more.
- W is desirable to contain W at 0.2% or less. More preferably, it is 0.1% or less.
- Ca 0.0002% or more and 0.0030% or less Ca fixes S as CaS and improves delayed fracture resistance. In order to acquire this effect, it is desirable to contain 0.0002% or more. More preferably, it is 0.0005% or more, More preferably, it is 0.0010% or more. However, since addition of a large amount of Ca deteriorates surface quality and bendability, the Ca content is preferably 0.0030% or less. More preferably, it is 0.0025% or less, More preferably, it is 0.0020% or less.
- Ce 0.0002% to 0.0030% Ce also fixes S and improves delayed fracture resistance. In order to obtain this effect, it is desirable to contain 0.0002% or more of Ce. More preferably, it is 0.0003% or more, More preferably, it is 0.0005% or more. However, since the surface quality and bendability are deteriorated when a large amount of Ce is added, the Ce content is preferably 0.0030% or less. More preferably, it is 0.0020% or less, More preferably, it is 0.0015% or less.
- La 0.0002% to 0.0030%
- La also fixes S and improves delayed fracture resistance.
- the La content is preferably 0.0030% or less. More preferably, it is 0.0020% or less, More preferably, it is 0.0015% or less.
- Mg 0.0002% or more and 0.0030% or less Mg fixes O as MgO and improves delayed fracture resistance. In order to acquire this effect, it is desirable to contain 0.0002% or more. More preferably, it is 0.0005% or more, More preferably, it is 0.0010% or more. However, adding a large amount of Mg degrades the surface quality and bendability, so the Mg content is preferably 0.0030% or less. More preferably, it is 0.0020% or less, More preferably, it is 0.0015% or less.
- Sb 0.002% or more and 0.1% or less Sb suppresses oxidation and nitridation of the surface layer, thereby suppressing reduction of C and B. By suppressing the reduction of C and B, the formation of ferrite on the surface layer is suppressed, which contributes to the improvement of strength and delayed fracture resistance.
- the Sb content is preferably 0.002% or more. More preferably it is 0.004% or more, and still more preferably 0.006% or more.
- the Sb content is desirably 0.1% or less. More preferably, it is 0.05% or less, More preferably, it is 0.02% or less.
- Sn 0.002% or more and 0.1% or less Sn suppresses oxidation and nitridation of the surface layer, thereby suppressing a decrease in the content of C and B in the surface layer. By suppressing the reduction of C and B, the formation of ferrite on the surface layer is suppressed, which contributes to the improvement of strength and delayed fracture resistance.
- the Sn content is preferably 0.002% or more. Preferably it is 0.003% or more.
- Sn content is desirably 0.1% or less. More preferably, it is 0.05% or less, More preferably, it is 0.01% or less.
- the balance other than the above is Fe and inevitable impurities.
- the said arbitrary element when included below a lower limit, the said arbitrary element shall be included as an unavoidable impurity.
- the steel structure of the steel sheet of the present invention has the following configuration.
- (Structure 1) The area ratio with respect to the whole structure
- (Configuration 2) There are 5 inclusions / mm 2 or less of inclusions satisfying the following conditions and having a major axis length of 20 to 80 ⁇ m.
- conditions It is composed of one or more inclusion particles, the major axis length of the inclusion particles is 0.3 ⁇ m or more, and when it is composed of two or more inclusion particles, the shortest distance between the inclusion particles is 10 ⁇ m or less. It is.
- (Configuration 3) The average grain size of the prior austenite grains exceeds 5 ⁇ m.
- the total area ratio of martensite and bainite in the steel structure is set to 95% or more. More preferably, it is 96% or more, More preferably, it is 97% or more. If it is less than this, either ferrite or residual ⁇ will increase and the delayed fracture resistance will deteriorate. In addition, when other than martensite and bainite is included, the balance is ferrite and residual ⁇ . Other than these structures, there are trace amounts of carbides, sulfides, nitrides, and oxides. In addition, martensite includes martensite that has not been tempered by staying at about 150 ° C.
- the total area ratio of martensite and bainite may be 100% without including the remainder.
- the ratio of the martensite area ratio to the bainite area ratio (martensite / bainite) is often 0.5 to 2.0.
- the structure 2 is important for improving the delayed fracture resistance of the shear end face.
- the inclusion group satisfies the following conditions. (conditions) It is composed of one or more inclusion particles, the major axis length of the inclusion particles is 0.3 ⁇ m or more, and when it is composed of two or more inclusion particles, the shortest distance between the inclusion particles is 10 ⁇ m or less. It is.
- the length of the long axis of the inclusion particles is 0.3 ⁇ m or more.
- the reason why the length of the major axis is 0.3 ⁇ m or more is because inclusions less than 0.3 ⁇ m do not deteriorate the delayed fracture resistance even if they are collected.
- the length of the long axis means the length of inclusion particles in the rolling direction.
- the shortest distance between the inclusion particles is 10 ⁇ m or less.
- inclusion groups that affect delayed fracture resistance are appropriately expressed, and the number of inclusion groups per unit area (mm 2 ) is adjusted based on this definition.
- the delayed fracture resistance can be improved.
- inclusion particles in a fan-shaped region of ⁇ 10 ° with respect to the rolling direction with the longitudinal end portion of the inclusion as a central point are targeted (some of which are in the above region). If it is included, it is the target.)
- the shortest distance between particles is the shortest distance between points on the outer circumference of each particle.
- inclusion particles constituting the inclusion group are not particularly limited, but in the present invention, the inclusion particles are usually extended in the rolling direction or distributed in a dotted line in the rolling direction. It may be an inclusion. “Inclusion particles distributed in a dot sequence in the rolling direction” refers to those composed of two or more inclusion particles distributed in a dot sequence in the rolling direction.
- the distribution in the form of dots in the rolling direction is, for example, the same distribution as that in which inclusions extending in the rolling direction are divided during cold rolling and distributed in the form of dots. In addition, this is description of a distribution state, and it is not the meaning limited to what was divided
- the inclusion group having a major axis length of 20 to 80 ⁇ m is present at 5 pieces / mm 2 or less.
- the inclusion particle having a major axis length of 20 to 80 ⁇ m is defined as one inclusion particle group, and the number of inclusion groups per 1 mm 2 is determined. taking measurement.
- the distribution density of the inclusion group needs to be reduced to 5 pieces / mm 2 or less in order to suppress the occurrence of cracks from the shear end face.
- it is 4 pieces / mm ⁇ 2 > or less. Further, 0 / mm 2 is more preferable.
- the length of the long axis is less than 20 ⁇ m, there is no need to pay attention because it hardly affects the delayed fracture resistance.
- Inclusion groups having a major axis length of more than 80 ⁇ m are not formed because they are hardly formed by limiting the S content to less than 0.0010% (range of the above component composition).
- the length of a long axis means the length of the inclusion group in a rolling direction.
- the hydrogen concentration ( ⁇ 0.5 ppm) in the range that can penetrate into the steel in the actual use environment (where the hydrogen concentration is This means that the fracture surface morphology was not broken at the former ⁇ grain boundary, but was a pseudo-cleavage fracture surface, so the delayed fracture resistance improvement by adding Nb and Ti was finer than the previous ⁇ grain size. I thought I could't explain just how it was. On the other hand, when the old ⁇ grain size of steel containing Nb and Ti was intentionally coarsened and the delayed fracture resistance was evaluated, it was found that the characteristics were remarkably improved. Although this mechanism is not necessarily clear, the present inventors consider as follows.
- the upper limit of the prior ⁇ grain size is not particularly specified, but is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less because there is a risk of deterioration of toughness.
- the lower limit is preferably 7 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 9 ⁇ m or more.
- About an upper limit, 18 micrometers or less are preferable, More preferably, it is 14 micrometers or less.
- the total area ratio of martensite and bainite and the area ratio of ferrite are 2000 times as large as SEM at a 1/4 thickness position from the steel sheet surface after corroding the L cross section (vertical cross section parallel to the rolling direction) of the steel sheet and corroding with nital.
- Four visual fields were observed at a magnification, and the photographed tissue photograph was subjected to image analysis and measured.
- martensite and bainite refer to a gray structure in SEM.
- ferrite is a region exhibiting black contrast in SEM.
- the martensite and bainite contain trace amounts of carbides, nitrides, sulfides, and oxides, but it is difficult to exclude them.
- the area ratio of the area including these was defined as the area ratio.
- the residual ⁇ was measured by subjecting a surface layer of 200 ⁇ m of the steel plate to chemical polishing with oxalic acid and using the X-ray diffraction intensity method for the plate surface. It was calculated from the integrated intensity of (200) ⁇ , (211) ⁇ , (220) ⁇ , (200) ⁇ , (220) ⁇ , and (311) ⁇ diffraction plane peaks measured by Mo-K ⁇ - rays.
- the chemical solution that corrodes the old ⁇ grain boundary after polishing the L section (vertical section parallel to the rolling direction) of the steel sheet for example, a saturated picric acid aqueous solution or ferric chloride added thereto)
- a saturated picric acid aqueous solution or ferric chloride added thereto for example, a saturated picric acid aqueous solution or ferric chloride added thereto
- 4 fields of view were observed with a magnification of 500 times with an optical microscope at a 1/4 thickness position from the surface of the steel sheet.
- 15 lines were respectively shown in the sheet thickness direction and the rolling direction.
- the length was drawn at intervals of 10 ⁇ m or more, and the number of intersections between grain boundaries and lines was counted.
- the old ⁇ grain size was determined by multiplying the value obtained by dividing the total line length by the number of intersections by 1.13.
- Satisfying configuration 2 is that after polishing the L cross section (vertical cross section parallel to the rolling direction) of the steel sheet, it does not corrode and is a region 1 / 5t to 4 / 5t from the surface layer of the steel sheet (t is the thickness of the steel sheet). In the region from the surface to the 1/5 thickness position from the surface to the 1/5 thickness position on the back side surface side, the average 1.2 mm 2 region of inclusion distribution density is continuously formed. 30 fields of view were photographed with SEM and measured. The above plate thickness range is measured because there are almost no inclusion groups defined in the present application on the outermost surface of the plate thickness.
- the magnification for photographing was 500 times.
- the photograph taken at 500 times was appropriately enlarged to measure the long axis length of inclusion particles and inclusion groups and the distance between inclusion particles.
- the measurement was performed at a magnification of 5000 times.
- the measurement direction of the interparticle distance is limited to the range of the rolling direction or the rolling direction ⁇ 10 ° as described above.
- the total length in the rolling direction of the inclusion group (the length of the long axis) is the inclusion particles located at both ends of the inclusion group in the rolling direction. It becomes the length in the rolling direction between the outer ends in the rolling direction.
- the total length of the inclusion group in the rolling direction is the length of the inclusion particle in the rolling direction.
- the individual inclusion particles forming this inclusion group are mainly Mn, Ti, Zr, Ca, REM sulfides, Al, Ca, Mg, Si, Na oxides, Ti, Zr, Nb, Al.
- This is a nitride of Ti series, Ti, Nb, Zr, and Mo series carbides, and inclusions in which these are precipitated together, and does not include iron series carbides.
- One of the features of the present invention is that the delayed fracture resistance of the shear end face is good even at 1320 MPa or more. Accordingly, in the present invention, the tensile strength is set to 1320 MPa or more.
- the tensile strength of the steel sheet of the present invention is usually 2400 MPa or less or 2300 MPa or less in many cases.
- the excellent delayed fracture resistance of the steel sheet of the present invention means that cracks do not occur when the delayed fracture characteristics evaluated in the examples are TS ⁇ 1560 MPa, and the fracture time is 10 when 1560 MPa ⁇ TS ⁇ 1910 MPa. ( ⁇ 0.008 ⁇ (TS-1760) +0.69) or more, and when 1910 MPa ⁇ TS, the fracture time is 0.3 hr or more.
- the yield strength (YP) is often 1000 MPa or more and 2000 MPa or less.
- the total elongation (El) is often in the range of 5% to 10%.
- the above steel plates of the present invention may have a plating layer on the surface.
- the kind of the plating layer is not particularly limited, and any of a Zn plating layer and a plating layer of a metal other than Zn may be used.
- the plating layer may contain components other than the main component such as Zn.
- the plating layer is preferably a hot dip galvanized layer or an alloyed hot dip galvanized layer.
- the method for producing a steel sheet of the present invention comprises a steel slab having the above component composition held at a slab surface temperature of 1220 ° C. or higher for 100 minutes or more, and then hot-rolled to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet.
- the steel sheet is cold-rolled by cold rolling at a cold rolling rate of at least%, and the cold-rolled steel sheet is treated at an annealing temperature exceeding 850 ° C. for 240 seconds or longer, from a temperature of 680 ° C. or higher to a temperature of 260 ° C. or lower.
- cooling is performed at an average cooling rate of 70 ° C./s or more, reheating is performed as necessary, and then continuous annealing is performed in a temperature range of 150 to 260 ° C. for 20 to 1500 seconds.
- Hot rolling As a method of hot rolling a steel slab, a method of rolling after heating the slab, a method of rolling directly without heating the slab after continuous casting, and rolling by applying a short heat treatment to the slab after continuous casting There are ways to do it. In hot rolling, it is important to set the slab surface temperature to 1220 ° C. or more and the holding time to 100 minutes or more. Thereby, the solid solution promotion of sulfide is achieved, and the size and number of inclusions can be reduced.
- the slab surface temperature is preferably 1350 ° C. or lower.
- the holding time is preferably 250 minutes or less.
- the average heating rate during slab heating may be 5 to 15 ° C./min
- the finish rolling temperature FT may be 840 to 950 ° C.
- the winding temperature CT may be 400 to 700 ° C.
- Descaling is desirable to remove primary and secondary scales generated on the steel plate surface. Descaling is preferably performed at a collision pressure of 500 MPa or higher. As a result, the remaining red scale and the thickness of the secondary scale can be reduced, and the surface oxidation of the steel sheet due to the oxygen in the scale being taken into the steel sheet by winding can be reduced. As a result, the thickness of the surface oxide layer in the final product can be reduced, which contributes to the improvement of corrosion resistance. Moreover, the reduction
- the delayed fracture resistance of the shear end face is improved. Further, it is preferable to reduce the remaining scale by sufficiently washing the hot-rolled coil before cold rolling. Moreover, you may anneal a hot-rolled steel plate as needed from a viewpoint of cold rolling load reduction.
- Cold rolling If the rolling reduction (cold rolling rate) is 40% or more in cold rolling, the recrystallization behavior and texture orientation in the subsequent continuous annealing can be stabilized. If it is less than 40%, the austenite grains at the time of annealing become partially coarse, and the strength may be lowered.
- the cold rolling rate is preferably 80% or less.
- the annealing temperature is at least 850 ° C. in order to make the old ⁇ grain size exceed 5 ⁇ m.
- the soaking time needs to be 240 seconds or longer.
- the annealing temperature is preferably 940 ° C. or less and the soaking time is preferably 900 seconds or less. More preferably, the soaking time is 600 seconds or less.
- Cooling at an average cooling rate of 70 ° C / s or higher from a high temperature of 680 ° C or higher to a temperature of 260 ° C or lower in order to reduce the ferrite and residual ⁇ and increase the martensite or bainite area ratio to 95% or higher (rapid cooling) There is a need to. 700 ° C./s or more is preferable.
- the quenching start temperature is lower than this, a large amount of ferrite is generated, and carbon is concentrated to ⁇ and the Ms point is lowered, so that martensite (fresh martensite) not subjected to tempering treatment increases.
- the cooling rate is slow, upper and lower bainite are formed, and residual ⁇ and fresh martensite increase.
- the fresh martensite in the martensite can be allowed up to 5% in terms of area ratio when the martensite is 100, and the amount of fresh martensite can be suppressed to the above range by adopting the above conditions.
- about the upper limit of cooling start temperature 940 degrees C or less is preferable.
- the lower limit of the cooling stop temperature is preferably 150 ° C. or higher.
- the upper limit of the average cooling rate is preferably 1000 ° C./s or less.
- Carbides distributed inside martensite or bainite are carbides that are generated during holding in the low temperature range after quenching.
- the internal carbide distribution density becomes insufficient, and the delayed fracture resistance deteriorates.
- the coarsening of carbides in the grains and at the block grain boundaries becomes prominent, and the delayed fracture resistance may deteriorate. .
- the obtained steel sheet can be subjected to skin pass rolling from the viewpoint of stabilizing the press formability such as adjusting the surface roughness and flattening the plate shape.
- the skin pass elongation rate is preferably 0.1 to 0.6%.
- the obtained steel plate may be subjected to plating treatment.
- the steel plate which has a plating layer on the surface is obtained by performing a plating process.
- the type of the plating treatment is not particularly limited, and any of hot dipping and electroplating may be used. Moreover, the plating process which alloyes after hot dipping may be sufficient.
- the skin pass rolling is performed after the plating process.
- E-number in the item of [% Ti] ⁇ [% Nb] 2 in Table 1 means a power of 10 to the number.
- E-07 means 10 ⁇ 7 .
- the unit of “[% Ti] ⁇ [% Nb] 2 ” in Table 1 is (mass%) 3 .
- this slab is a slab heating temperature (SRT): 1220 ° C. or higher, holding time: 100 minutes or longer, and finish rolling temperature (FT): 840 to 950 ° C., except for some comparative steels described later.
- the obtained hot-rolled sheet (hot-rolled steel sheet) was subjected to cold rolling at a rolling reduction of 40% or more after pickling to obtain a cold-rolled sheet (cold-rolled steel sheet).
- No. 41 is a slab heating temperature
- No. 41. 42 is the heating time
- No. 43 is a cold rolling reduction ratio outside the above range.
- the obtained cold-rolled sheet was subjected to a soaking treatment for 240 sec or more at an annealing temperature (AT) exceeding 850 ° C., as shown in Table 2, except for some comparative steels described later, and 680 ° C. or more.
- AT annealing temperature
- No. No. 44 is the annealing temperature.
- 48 is the soaking time.
- 49 is the cooling start temperature. In 51, the cooling stop temperature is outside the above range.
- the obtained steel sheet was quantified by the technique described above, and further subjected to a tensile test and a delayed fracture resistance evaluation test.
- the evaluation of the delayed fracture resistance of the steel sheet was carried out by collecting strip test pieces having a rolling perpendicular direction: 100 mm and a rolling direction of 30 mm from the 1/4 position of the coil width of the obtained steel sheet.
- the cutting process of the end face with a length of 100 mm is a shearing process.
- the bending process is performed so that the burrs are on the outer periphery side of the bending.
- the test piece shape was maintained and the test piece was fixed with bolts. Shearing clearance was 13% and rake angle was 2 degrees.
- the tip inner angle was 90 degrees (V-bending).
- the punch has a U-shape (the tip R portion is semicircular and the punch body has a thickness of 2R), and the die has a corner R of 30 mm. The depth at which the punch pushed the steel plate was adjusted, and the tip was bent so that the bending angle was 90 degrees (V-shaped).
- Bolt tighten the test piece with a hydraulic jack so that the distance between the flange ends of the straight piece during bending is the same as when bent (to cancel out the opening of the straight piece by springback) And tightened with bolts in that state.
- the bolt was fixed in advance through an elliptical hole (short axis 10 mm, long axis 15 mm) provided 10 mm inside from the short side edge of the strip test piece.
- the test pieces after bolting were immersed in hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chloride aqueous solution) having a pH of 1 or more per piece, and the test was carried out with constant pH control under the condition of an aqueous solution temperature of 25 ° C.
- microcracks initial state of delayed fracture
- the presence or absence of microcracks that can be visually confirmed at any time by visual inspection or camera is confirmed, and the time from the start of immersion until microcracks begin to occur is the delayed fracture time. It was measured. Those that were not destroyed after 200 hours from the start of immersion were judged to have no destruction.
- Fig. 1 shows the relationship between TS shown in Table 3 and delayed fracture time. An up arrow is displayed on steel in which no cracks occurred after 200 hours.
- a TS of 1320 MPa or more is obtained. Also, no cracking occurs when TS ⁇ 1560 MPa, the fracture time is 10 ( ⁇ 0.008 ⁇ (TS-1760) +0.69) or more when 1560 MPa ⁇ TS ⁇ 1910 MPa, and the fracture time is 0.3 hr or more when 1910 MPa ⁇ TS. Delayed fracture resistance is obtained.
- No. No. 25 is short of TS because of insufficient C content.
- No. 26 since the C content is excessive, the strength is so high that sufficient delayed fracture resistance is not obtained.
- No. 35, 37 and 40 are inferior in delayed fracture resistance due to lack of Nb or Ti content. Since 36, 38, and 39 have an excessive content of Nb or Ti, there are many inclusions and the delayed fracture resistance is inferior.
- No. 41 and No. 42 have insufficient inclusion due to insufficient slab heating temperature or holding time, and inferior delayed fracture resistance.
- No. 43 Since No. 43 has a low cold rolling rate, some of the austenite grains at the time of annealing become coarse and the strength is insufficient.
- No. Nos. 44 and 48 have a low annealing temperature or insufficient annealing time, so that the prior austenite grain size is not sufficiently grown and the delayed fracture resistance is inferior.
- the cooling start temperature is low or the cooling stop temperature is high, and a structure other than martensite or bainite is excessively generated, so that the delayed fracture resistance is inferior.
- an inclusion group including inclusion particles having a major axis length of less than 0.3 ⁇ m the case where the shortest distance between inclusion particles exceeds 10 ⁇ m is also defined as an inclusion group.
- the relationship between the number density of inclusions and the delayed fracture resistance improvement effect was not clear.
- a high-strength steel sheet having excellent delayed fracture resistance at the shear end face can be obtained.
- parts that have been introduced with hot press molding or laser processing as a molding method can be manufactured by cold pressing with shearing, and a significant reduction in part manufacturing costs is expected.
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Abstract
Description
[%Ti]+[%Nb]>0.007 (1)
[%Ti]×[%Nb]2≦7.5×10-6 (2)
ここで、[%Nb]、[%Ti]はNb、Tiの含有量(%)を表す。
(条件)
1個以上の介在物粒子から構成され、介在物粒子の長軸長さは0.3μm以上であり、2個以上の介在物粒子から構成される場合に介在物粒子間の最短距離が10μm以下である。
Cは焼入れ性を向上させて95%以上がマルテンサイトもしくはベイナイトである鋼組織を得るため、またマルテンサイトもしくはベイナイトの強度を上昇させ、TS≧1320MPaを確保する観点から含有する。また、マルテンサイト、ベイナイト内部に水素のトラップサイトとなる微細な炭化物を生成させる観点からCを含有する。Cの含有量が0.13%未満では優れた耐遅れ破壊特性を維持して所定の強度を得ることができなくなる。優れた耐遅れ破壊特性を維持してTS≧1470MPaを得る観点からはCは0.18%以上とすることが望ましい。より好ましくは0.20%以上である。Cが0.40%を超えると強度が高くなり過ぎて十分な耐遅れ破壊特性を得ることが難しくなる。好ましくは0.35%以下であり、より好ましくは0.30%以下である。以上より、Cは0.13~0.40%とする。
Siは固溶強化による強化元素として、また、200℃以上の温度域で焼き戻す場合のフィルム状の炭化物の生成を抑制して耐遅れ破壊特性を改善する観点から含有する。また、板厚中央部でのMn偏析を軽減してMnSの生成を抑制する観点からSiを含有する。さらに、CAL焼鈍時の表層の酸化による脱炭、脱Bを抑制するためにSiを含有する。Si含有量の下限値は規定しないが、上記効果を得る観点からSiは0.02%以上含有することが望ましい。好ましくは0.20%以上、より好ましくは0.40%以上、さらに好ましくは0.60%以上である。一方、Siの含有量が多くなりすぎると、その偏析量が多くなり耐遅れ破壊特性が劣化する。また、熱延、冷延での圧延荷重の著しい増加を招く。また、靭性の低下を招く。したがって、Siの含有量は1.5%以下(0%を含む)とする。好ましくは1.4%以下、より好ましくは1.2%以下、さらに好ましくは0.9%以下である。
Mnは鋼の焼入れ性を向上させ、マルテンサイトおよびベイナイトの合計面積率を所定範囲にするために含有する。また、鋼中のSをMnSとして固定し、熱間脆性を軽減するためにMnを含有する。Mnは板厚中央部でのMnSの生成・粗大化を特に助長する元素であり、Al2O3、(Nb,Ti)(C,N)、TiN、TiS等の介在物粒子と複合して析出し、本発明で目的とする鋼組織の形成に寄与する。Mn含有量が1.7%を超えると介在物郡の数と大きさが増加し、せん断端面の耐遅れ破壊特性を著しく劣化させる。したがって、Mnは1.7%以下とする。粗大なMnSをより一層低減し、耐遅れ破壊特性を改善する観点からMnは1.4%以下とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは1.3%以下である。工業的に安定して所定のマルテンサイトおよびベイナイトの合計面積率を確保するためにはMnを0.2%以上含有することが好ましい。より好ましくは0.4%以上、さらに好ましくは0.6%以上である。
Pは鋼を強化する元素であるが、その含有量が多いと耐遅れ破壊特性やスポット溶接性が著しく劣化する。したがって、P含有量は0.030%以下とする。上記の観点からPは0.004%以下とすることが好ましい。下限は規定しないが、現在工業的に実施可能な下限は0.002%程度である。
SはMnS、TiS、Ti(C,S)等の形成を通じてせん断端面の耐遅れ破壊特性に大きな影響を及ぼすので、精密に制御される必要がある。従来曲げ性などに悪影響するとされてきた80μm超えの粗大なMnSの低減だけでは不十分であり、MnSがAl2O3、(Nb,Ti)(C,N)、TiN、TiS等の介在物粒子と複合して析出した介在物粒子も調整して、本発明で目的とする鋼組織に調整する必要がある。この調整により、著しい耐遅れ破壊特性の向上が達成される。介在物群による弊害を軽減するためにS含有量は少なくとも0.0010%未満とする必要がある。耐遅れ破壊特性改善の観点からSは0.0004%以下とすることが好ましい。下限は規定しないが、現在工業的に実施可能な下限は0.0002%程度であり、実質的にそれ以上となる。
Alは十分な脱酸を行い、鋼中介在物を低減するために含有する。sol.Alの下限は特に規定しないが、安定して脱酸を行うためには0.01%以上とすることが望ましい。好ましくは0.02%以上である。一方、sol.Alが0.20%超となると、巻取り時に生成したセメンタイトが焼鈍過程で固溶しにくくなり、耐遅れ破壊特性が劣化する。したがって、Alの含有量は0.20%以下とする。好ましくは0.10%以下、より好ましくは0.05%以下である。
Nは鋼中でTiN、(Nb,Ti)(C,N)、AlN等の窒化物、炭窒化物系の介在物を形成する元素であり、これらの生成を通じて耐遅れ破壊特性を劣化させる。これらは、本発明で求める鋼組織に調整されるのを妨げ、せん断端面の耐遅れ破壊特性に悪影響を与える。このような悪影響を小さくするため、Nは少なくとも0.0055%以下とする必要がある。好ましくは0.0050%以下、より好ましくは0.0045%以下、さらに好ましくは0.0040%以下である。下限は規定しないが、現在工業的に実施可能な下限は0.0006%程度である。
Oは鋼中で直径1~20μmのAl2O3、SiO2、CaO、MgO等の粒状の酸化物系介在物を形成したり、Al、Si、Mn、Na、Ca、Mg等が複合し低融点化した介在物を形成したりする。これらの生成を通じて耐遅れ破壊特性が劣化する。これらの介在物は、せん断破面の平滑度の劣化、局所的な残留応力の増加を通じて単体で悪影響を与える。このような悪影響を小さくするため、Oは少なくとも0.0025%以下とする必要がある。好ましくは0.0023%以下、より好ましくは0.0020%以下である。下限は規定しないが、現在工業的に実施可能な下限は0.0005%程度である。
Nbはマルテンサイトやベイナイトの内部構造の微細化を通じて高強度化に寄与するとともに、前述のとおり耐遅れ破壊特性を改善する。このような観点からNbを0.002%以上含有する。好ましくは0.005%以上、より好ましくは0.010%以上である。しかしながら、超高強度化の観点からCを0.21%以上含有する場合がある本発明では、Nbの含有量を増加させるとむしろ耐遅れ破壊特性は劣化することが判明した。その原因を調査したところ、Nbの含有量がTiの含有量に対して一定量を超えると圧延方向に点列状に分布したNbN、Nb(C,N)、(Nb,Ti)(C,N)等のNb系の介在物粒子から構成される20~80μmの介在物群が多量に生成し、これが耐遅れ破壊特性に悪影響を及ぼすことが考えられる。このような悪影響を軽減するために、Nbの含有量は0.035%以下とする。好ましくは0.030%以下、より好ましくは0.025%以下、さらに好ましくは0.023%以下である。
Tiはマルテンサイトやベイナイトの内部構造の微細化を通じて高強度化に寄与する。また、水素トラップサイトとなる微細なTi系炭化物・炭窒化物の形成を通じて耐遅れ破壊特性を改善する。また、鋳造性を改善する。このような観点からTi含有量は0.002%以上とする。好ましくは0.005%以上、より好ましくは0.010%以上である。ただし、超高強度化の観点からCを0.21%以上含有する場合がある本発明では、TiをNb含有量に対して一定量以上含有すると圧延方向に点列状に分布したTiN、Ti(C,N)、Ti(C,S)、TiS、(Nb,Ti)(C,N)等のTi系の介在物粒子から構成される20~80μmの介在物群が多量に生成し、せん断端面の耐遅れ破壊特性を劣化させることが判明した。このような悪影響を軽減するために、Tiの含有量は0.040%以下とする。好ましくは0.035%以下、より好ましくは0.030%以下、さらに好ましくは0.025%以下である。
[%Ti]×[%Nb]2≦7.5×10-6
Ti、Nb添加による集合組織制御や微細析出物による水素トラップの効果を確保しつつ、これらの粗大析出物による遅れ破壊特性劣化の影響を軽減するには、これらの含有量を所定範囲に制御する必要がある。Ti、Nb添加による集合組織制御の効果や微細析出物による水素トラップの効果を得るには、NbとTiは[%Ti]+[%Nb]>0.007とする必要がある。好ましくは[%Ti]+[%Nb]が0.010%以上、より好ましくは0.015%以上、さらに好ましくは0.020%以上である。また、[%Ti]+[%Nb]の上限は0.070%以下が好ましく、より好ましくは0.060%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.050%以下である。
Bは鋼の焼入れ性を向上させる元素であり、少ないMn含有量でも所定の面積率のマルテンサイトやベイナイトを生成させる利点を有する。このようなBの効果を得るには、B含有量は0.0002%以上とすることが好ましく、0.0005%以上とすることがさらに好ましい。より好ましくは0.0010%以上である。Nを固定する観点から0.002%以上のTiと複合添加することが望ましい。一方、Bを0.0035%以上含有すると、その効果が飽和するだけでなく、焼鈍時のセメンタイトの固溶速度を遅延させ、未固溶のセメンタイトを残存させることでせん断端面の耐遅れ破壊特性が劣化する。好ましくは0.0030%以下、さらに好ましくは0.0025%以下である。以上より、B含有量は0.0002%以上0.0035%未満が望ましい。
Cuは自動車の使用環境での耐食性を向上させる。また、Cu含有により、腐食生成物が鋼板表面を被覆して鋼板への水素侵入を抑制する効果がある。また、Cuはスクラップを原料として活用するときに混入する元素であり、Cuの混入を許容することでリサイクル資材を原料資材として活用でき、製造コストを削減することができる。Cuは上記の観点から0.005%以上含有するのが好ましく、さらに耐遅れ破壊特性向上の観点からはCuは0.05%以上含有するのが望ましい。より好ましくは0.10%以上である。しかしながら、その含有量が多くなりすぎると表面欠陥の原因となるので、Cu含有量は1%以下とするのが望ましい。より好ましくは0.50%以下、さらに好ましくは0.30%以下である。
Niも耐食性を向上させる作用のある元素である。また、NiはCuを含有させる場合に生じやすい表面欠陥を低減する作用がある。したがって、Niは上記の観点から0.01%以上含有するのが望ましい。より好ましくは0.05%以上であり、さらに好ましくは0.10%以上である。しかし、Niの含有量が多くなりすぎると加熱炉内でのスケール生成が不均一になり表面欠陥の原因になるとともに、著しいコスト増となる。したがって、Ni含有量は1%以下とする。より好ましくは0.50%以下、さらに好ましくは0.30%以下である。
Crは鋼の焼入れ性を向上させる効果を得るために添加することが出来る。その効果を得るには0.01%以上の含有が好ましい。より好ましくは0.05%以上であり、さらに好ましくは0.10%以上である。しかしながら、Cr含有量が1.0%を超えると焼鈍時のセメンタイトの固溶速度を遅延させ、未固溶のセメンタイトを残存させることでせん断端面の耐遅れ破壊特性を劣化させる。また、耐孔食性も劣化させる。さらに化成処理性も劣化させる。したがって、Cr含有量は0.01~1.0%が望ましい。耐遅れ破壊特性、耐孔食性、化成処理性はいずれも0.2%超のCrで劣化し始める傾向にあるので、これらを防止する観点からCr含有量は0.2%以下がより好ましい。
Moは、鋼の焼入れ性を向上させる効果、水素トラップサイトとなるMoを含む微細な炭化物を生成させる効果、およびマルテンサイトを微細化することによる耐遅れ破壊特性の改善の効果を得る目的で添加することが出来る。Nb、Tiを多量に添加するとこれらの粗大析出物が生成し、かえって耐遅れ破壊特性は劣化するが、Moの固溶限界量はNb、Tiと比べると大きい。Nb、Tiと複合で添加するとこれらとMoが複合した微細析出物を形成し、組織を微細化する作用がある。したがって、少量のNb、Ti添加に加えてMoを複合添加することで粗大な析出物を残存させずに組織を微細化しつつ微細炭化物を多量に分散させることが可能になり、耐遅れ破壊特性を向上させることが可能となる。その効果を得るにはMoは0.01%以上含有することが望ましい。より好ましくは0.03%以上、さらに好ましくは0.05%以上である。しかしながら、Moを0.3%以上含有すると化成処理性が劣化する。好ましくは0.2%以下である。以上より、Moは0.01%以上0.3%未満とすることが望ましい。
Vは鋼の焼入れ性を向上させる効果、水素トラップサイトとなるVを含む微細な炭化物を生成させる効果、およびマルテンサイトを微細化することによる耐遅れ破壊特性の改善効果を得る目的で添加することが出来る。その効果を得るにはV含有量を0.003%以上とすることが望ましい。より好ましくは0.03%以上、さらに好ましくは0.05%以上である。しかしながら、Vを0.45%を超えて含有すると鋳造性が著しく劣化する。より好ましくは0.30%以下、さらに好ましくは0.20%以下である。さらには0.09%以下が好ましい。したがって、V含有量は0.003~0.45%とすることが望ましい。
Zrは、旧γ粒径の微細化やそれによるマルテンサイトやベイナイトの内部構造単位であるブロックサイズ、ベイン粒径等の低減を通じて高強度化に寄与するとともに耐遅れ破壊特性を改善する。また、水素トラップサイトとなる微細なZr系炭化物・炭窒化物の形成を通じて高強度化とともに耐遅れ破壊特性を改善する。また、鋳造性を改善する。このような観点からZr含有量は0.005%以上とすることが望ましい。より好ましくは0.010%以上、さらに好ましくは0.015%以上である。ただし、Zrを多量に添加すると熱間圧延工程のスラブ加熱時に未固溶で残存するZrN、ZrS系の粗大な析出物が増加し、せん断端面の耐遅れ破壊特性を劣化させる。このため、Zr含有量は0.2%以下とすることが望ましい。より好ましくは0.1%以下、さらに好ましくは0.04%以下である。
Wは水素のトラップサイトとなる微細なW系炭化物・炭窒化物の形成を通じて、高強度化とともに耐遅れ破壊特性の改善に寄与する。このような観点から、Wは0.005%以上で含有させることが望ましい。より好ましくは0.010%以上、さらに好ましくは0.030%以上である。ただし、Wを多量に含有させると、熱間圧延工程のスラブ加熱時に未固溶で残存する粗大な析出物が増加し、せん断端面の耐遅れ破壊特性が劣化する。このため、Wは0.2%以下で含有させることが望ましい。より好ましくは0.1%以下である。
CaはSをCaSとして固定し、耐遅れ破壊特性を改善する。この効果を得るために0.0002%以上含有することが望ましい。より好ましくは0.0005%以上、さらに好ましくは0.0010%以上である。ただし、Caを多量に添加すると表面品質や曲げ性を劣化させるので、Ca含有量は0.0030%以下が望ましい。より好ましくは0.0025%以下、さらに好ましくは0.0020%以下である。
CeもSを固定し、耐遅れ破壊特性を改善する。この効果を得るためにCeを0.0002%以上含有することが望ましい。より好ましくは0.0003%以上、さらに好ましくは0.0005%以上である。ただし、Ceを多量に添加すると表面品質や曲げ性を劣化させるので、Ce含有量は0.0030%以下が望ましい。より好ましくは0.0020%以下、さらに好ましくは0.0015%以下である。
LaもSを固定し、耐遅れ破壊特性を改善する。この効果を得るために0.0002%以上含有することが望ましい。より好ましくは0.0005%以上、さらに好ましくは0.0010%以上である。ただし、Laを多量に添加すると表面品質や曲げ性を劣化させるので、La含有量は0.0030%以下が望ましい。より好ましくは0.0020%以下、さらに好ましくは0.0015%以下である。
MgはMgOとしてOを固定し、耐遅れ破壊特性を改善する。この効果を得るために0.0002%以上含有することが望ましい。より好ましくは0.0005%以上、さらに好ましくは0.0010%以上である。ただし、Mgを多量に添加すると表面品質や曲げ性を劣化させるので、Mg含有量は0.0030%以下が望ましい。より好ましくは0.0020%以下、さらに好ましくは0.0015%以下である。
Sbは表層の酸化や窒化を抑制し、それによるCやBの低減を抑制する。CやBの低減が抑制されることで表層のフェライト生成を抑制し、高強度化と耐遅れ破壊特性の改善に寄与する。このような観点からSb含有量は0.002%以上が望ましい。より好ましくは0.004%以上、さらに好ましくは0.006%以上である。ただし、Sb含有量が0.1%を超えると鋳造性が劣化し、また、旧γ粒界にSbが偏析してせん断端面の耐遅れ破壊特性を劣化させる。このため、Sb含有量は0.1%以下が望ましい。より好ましくは0.05%以下、さらに好ましくは0.02%以下である。
Snは表層の酸化や窒化を抑制し、それによるCやBの表層における含有量の低減を抑制する。CやBの低減が抑制されることで表層のフェライト生成を抑制し、高強度化と耐遅れ破壊特性の改善に寄与する。このような観点からSn含有量は0.002%以上が望ましい。好ましくは0.003%以上である。ただし、Sn含有量が0.1%を超えると鋳造性が劣化し、また、旧γ粒界にSnが偏析してせん断端面の耐遅れ破壊特性が劣化する。このため、Sn含有量は0.1%以下が望ましい。より好ましくは0.05%以下、さらに好ましくは0.01%以下である。
(構成1)マルテンサイトおよびベイナイトの組織全体に対する面積率が合計で95%以上100%以下であり、残部がフェライト及び残留オーステナイトの1種もしくは2種からなる。
(構成2)下記条件を満たし、長軸の長さが20~80μmである介在物群が5個/mm2以下で存在する。
(条件)
1個以上の介在物粒子から構成され、介在物粒子の長軸長さは0.3μm以上であり、2個以上の介在物粒子から構成される場合に介在物粒子間の最短距離が10μm以下である。
(構成3)旧オーステナイト粒の平均粒径が5μm超えである。
TS≧1320MPaの高い強度と優れた耐遅れ破壊特性を両立するために、鋼組織におけるマルテンサイトおよびベイナイトの合計面積率を95%以上とする。より好ましくは96%以上、さらに好ましくは97%以上である。これより少ないと、フェライト、残留γのいずれかが多くなり、耐遅れ破壊特性が劣化する。なお、マルテンサイトおよびベイナイト以外を含む場合、残部はフェライト、残留γである。これらの組織以外は、微量の炭化物、硫化物、窒化物、酸化物である。また、マルテンサイトには連続冷却中の自己焼き戻しも含めておよそ150℃以上で一定時間滞留することによる焼き戻しが生じていないマルテンサイトも含む。なお、残部を含まず、マルテンサイトおよびベイナイトの合計面積率が100%でもよい。また、マルテンサイトの面積率とベイナイトの面積率の比(マルテンサイト/ベイナイト)は0.5~2.0であることが多い。
本発明の鋼組織において、構成2は、せん断端面の耐遅れ破壊特性を向上させるために重要である。上記鋼組織において介在物群は、下記条件を満たす。
(条件)
1個以上の介在物粒子から構成され、介在物粒子の長軸長さは0.3μm以上であり、2個以上の介在物粒子から構成される場合に介在物粒子間の最短距離が10μm以下である。
旧オーステナイト(旧γ)平均粒径が5μm超えである。NbやTi等を含有する鋼では熱間圧延工程で、微細なNb、Ti系の炭窒化物を形成する。したがって、後の連続焼鈍工程において、それら析出物が旧γ粒界をピン止めするため一般的に旧γ粒径が5μm以下と微細になる。従来、この旧γ粒径の微細化が耐遅れ破壊特性に対し有効に作用すると考えられてきた。しかし、本発明者らが本鋼に対し水素をチャージして遅れ破壊させたところ、実使用環境で鋼中に侵入しうる範囲の低い水素濃度(<0.5ppm)では(ここで水素濃度は体積濃度を意味する)、その破面形態は旧γ粒界で破壊しているものではなく、擬へき開破面であったため、Nb、Ti添加による耐遅れ破壊特性向上は旧γ粒径の微細化だけ説明できないと考えた。一方、Nb、Tiを含有させた鋼の旧γ粒径を意識的に粗大化させ、耐遅れ破壊特性を評価したところ、その特性が著しく向上することが判明した。このメカニズムは必ずしも明らかではないが、本発明者らは以下のように考えている。すなわち、Nbの添加により集合組織が変化し、せん断加工した端面の残留応力に影響し、耐遅れ破壊特性を向上させていると考えられる。焼鈍工程で旧γ粒が粒成長する中でその集合組織がより配向することで耐遅れ破壊特性が著しく向上したと考えられる。この効果は旧γ粒径を5μm超えとすることで顕在化したため、旧γ粒径は5μm超えとする必要がある。旧γ粒径の上限は特に規定しないが、靱性を劣化させる恐れがあるため、20μm以下とすることが好ましい。下限について好ましくは7μm以上、より好ましくは9μm以上である。上限については18μm以下が好ましく、より好ましくは14μm以下である。
せん断端面の耐遅れ破壊特性の劣化は素材の引張強度が1320MPa以上で著しく顕在化する。1320MPa以上でも、せん断端面の耐遅れ破壊特性が良好な点が本発明の特徴の一つである。したがって、本発明において引張強度は1320MPa以上とする。本発明の鋼板の引張強度は通常2400MPa以下や2300MPa以下になることが多い。
鋼スラブを熱間圧延する方法として、スラブを加熱後圧延する方法、連続鋳造後のスラブを加熱することなく直接圧延する方法、連続鋳造後のスラブに短時間加熱処理を施して圧延する方法などがある。熱間圧延では、スラブ表面温度を1220℃以上とし、保持時間を100分以上とすることが重要である。これにより、硫化物の固溶促進が図られ、介在物群の大きさや個数低減が図られる。上記スラブ表面温度は1350℃以下が好ましい。また、保持時間は250分以下が好ましい。常法どおり、スラブ加熱時の平均加熱速度は5~15℃/minとし、仕上げ圧延温度FTは840~950℃とし、巻取温度CTは400~700℃とすればよい。
冷間圧延で、圧下率(冷間圧延率)を40%以上とすれば、その後の連続焼鈍における再結晶挙動、集合組織配向を安定化させることができる。40%に満たない場合、焼鈍時のオーステナイト粒が一部粗大となり、強度が低下する恐れがある。また、冷間圧延率は、80%以下が好ましい。
冷間圧延後の鋼板には、CALで焼鈍と必要に応じて焼き戻し処理、調質圧延が施される。
Claims (9)
- 質量%で、
C:0.13%以上0.40%以下、
Si:1.5%以下、
Mn:1.7%以下、
P:0.030%以下、
S:0.0010%未満、
sol.Al:0.20%以下、
N:0.0055%以下、
O:0.0025%以下、
Nb:0.002%以上0.035%以下およびTi:0.002%以上0.040%以下を(1)式、(2)式を満たすように含有し、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成と、
マルテンサイトおよびベイナイトの組織全体に対する面積率が合計で95%以上100%以下であり、残部がフェライト及び残留オーステナイトの1種もしくは2種からなり、
旧オーステナイト粒の平均粒径が5μm超えであり、
下記条件を満たし、長軸の長さが20~80μmである介在物群が5個/mm2以下で存在する鋼組織と、を有し、
引張強度が1320MPa以上である鋼板。
[%Ti]+[%Nb]>0.007 (1)
[%Ti]×[%Nb]2≦7.5×10-6 (2)
ここで、[%Nb]、[%Ti]はNb、Tiの含有量(%)を表す。
(条件)
1個以上の介在物粒子から構成され、介在物粒子の長軸長さは0.3μm以上であり、2個以上の介在物粒子から構成される場合に介在物粒子間の最短距離が10μm以下である。 - 前記成分組成が、さらに質量%で、B:0.0002%以上0.0035%未満を含有する請求項1に記載の鋼板。
- 前記成分組成が、さらに質量%で、
Cu:0.005%以上1%以下およびNi:0.01%以上1%以下のうちから選んだ1種または2種を含有する請求項1または2に記載の鋼板。 - 前記成分組成が、さらに質量%で、
Cr:0.01%以上1.0%以下、
Mo:0.01%以上0.3%未満、
V:0.003%以上0.45%以下、
Zr:0.005%以上0.2%以下
およびW:0.005%以上0.2%以下のうちから選んだ1種または2種以上を含有する請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の鋼板。 - 前記成分組成が、さらに質量%で、
Ca:0.0002%以上0.0030%以下、
Ce:0.0002%以上0.0030%以下、
La:0.0002%以上0.0030%以下
およびMg:0.0002%以上0.0030%以下のうちから選んだ1種または2種以上を含有する請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の鋼板。 - 前記成分組成が、さらに質量%で、
Sb:0.002%以上0.1%以下
およびSn:0.002%以上0.1%以下のうちから選んだ1種または2種を含有する請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の鋼板。 - 表面にめっき層を有する請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の鋼板。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の成分組成を有する鋼スラブを、スラブ表面温度1220℃以上で100分以上保持した後、熱間圧延することで熱延鋼板とし、
該熱延鋼板を、40%以上の冷間圧延率で冷間圧延することで冷延鋼板とし、
該冷延鋼板を、850℃超えの焼鈍温度で240秒以上処理し、680℃以上の温度から260℃以下の温度まで70℃/s以上の平均冷却速度で冷却し、必要に応じて再加熱を行い、その後、150~260℃の温度域で20~1500秒保持する連続焼鈍を行う鋼板の製造方法。 - 前記連続焼鈍の後、めっき処理を行う請求項8に記載の鋼板の製造方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3486346B1 (en) | 2020-08-12 |
MX2019002324A (es) | 2019-07-04 |
EP3486346A1 (en) | 2019-05-22 |
CN109642295B (zh) | 2022-04-29 |
US20190203317A1 (en) | 2019-07-04 |
CN109642295A (zh) | 2019-04-16 |
JP6388085B2 (ja) | 2018-09-12 |
US11268164B2 (en) | 2022-03-08 |
EP3486346A4 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
KR102226647B1 (ko) | 2021-03-10 |
JPWO2018062381A1 (ja) | 2018-09-27 |
KR20190034265A (ko) | 2019-04-01 |
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