WO2018056079A1 - 水中航走体および水中航走体の姿勢制御方法 - Google Patents
水中航走体および水中航走体の姿勢制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018056079A1 WO2018056079A1 PCT/JP2017/032473 JP2017032473W WO2018056079A1 WO 2018056079 A1 WO2018056079 A1 WO 2018056079A1 JP 2017032473 W JP2017032473 W JP 2017032473W WO 2018056079 A1 WO2018056079 A1 WO 2018056079A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- hull
- control force
- command value
- posture
- underwater vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/001—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
- B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
- B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
- B63C11/48—Means for searching for underwater objects
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/14—Control of attitude or depth
- B63G8/16—Control of attitude or depth by direct use of propellers or jets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/001—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations
- B63G2008/002—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations unmanned
- B63G2008/004—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations unmanned autonomously operating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/42—Steering or dynamic anchoring by propulsive elements; Steering or dynamic anchoring by propellers used therefor only; Steering or dynamic anchoring by rudders carrying propellers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an underwater vehicle and an attitude control method for the underwater vehicle.
- a thruster that applies thrust to the front and rear and a thruster that applies thrust to the left and right are controlled to hold the hull in the target position.
- Patent Document 1 the power consumption required to hold the hull at the target position can be suppressed by directing the bow in the direction in which the external force is exerted.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is an underwater vehicle and an underwater vehicle capable of holding a hull at a target position while suppressing power consumption. It is to realize an attitude control method.
- An underwater vehicle includes a positioning device that detects position information indicating a position of a hull, an attitude detection sensor that detects attitude information indicating the attitude of the hull, and the hull in water.
- An actuator that applies thrust in each of the longitudinal direction, the lateral direction, and the vertical direction to change the position and posture of the hull, and a control device that controls the actuator, the control device including the positioning Based on the position information detected by the device, the hull is controlled in the front-rear direction, the left-right control force, the vertical control force, and the hull in the roll direction so that the hull is held at the target position.
- the longitudinal direction is the direction from the stern of the hull to the bow or from the bow to the stern
- the left-right direction is the direction from the port side to the starboard or starboard to port.
- the vertical direction is a direction from the bottom surface of the hull to the top surface or from the top surface to the bottom surface.
- the control device controls the actuator so that the magnitude of the control force in the left-right direction and the up-down direction is zero.
- the attitude of the hull can be changed.
- the posture in which the magnitude of the control force in each of the left and right directions and the vertical direction is zero is a posture in which the bow is directed in a direction in which an external force is exerted.
- the hull is designed to have a low fluid resistance when moving forward. For this reason, it can be said that the posture in which the bow is directed in the direction in which the external force is exerted is a posture in which the fluid force acting on the hull is reduced.
- the underwater vehicle can hold the hull at the target position because the hydrodynamic force acting on the hull can be reduced even when an external force is exerted on the hull. Therefore, the amount of electric power consumed by the actuator to be driven can be reduced.
- the underwater vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention has an effect that the hull can be held at the target position while suppressing power consumption.
- the control device includes target position information and posture information, position information detected by the positioning device, and posture detection sensor.
- Control for calculating the control force in the front-rear direction, the control force in the left-right direction, the control force in the up-down direction, and the turning control force in the roll direction, the yaw direction, and the pitch direction from the detected deviation from the posture information When an external force is applied to the hull that is provided with a force calculation unit and is held at a target position, the control force in the left-right direction and the up-down direction calculated by the control force calculation unit is zero.
- the command values of the yaw angle and the pitch angle in the target posture information may be updated.
- the control device can update the command values of the yaw angle and the pitch angle, even if an external force is applied to the hull, the hull is turned in the yaw direction and the pitch direction, and the left and right directions and the up and down directions are changed.
- a posture in which the magnitude of the direction control force is zero, that is, a posture in which the fluid force acting on the hull is reduced can be obtained.
- an underwater vehicle includes a flow direction meter that measures a tidal current arrival direction as a direction of an external force exerted on the hull in the above-described configuration, and the control device includes the flow direction meter. It may be configured to update the command value of each of the yaw angle and the pitch angle by using the measured posture of the hull with the bow facing in the tidal current arrival direction as target posture information.
- the control device grasps the posture in which the magnitude of the control force in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction is zero based on the measurement result by the flow direction meter, that is, the posture in which the fluid force acting on the hull is reduced,
- the command values of the yaw angle and pitch angle can be updated so that
- the control device may update the pitch angle command value and the pitch angle value in the posture information detected by the posture detection sensor.
- the first change rate limiter for limiting the amount of change in the turning control force in the pitch direction obtained from the deviation from the above, the updated command value of the yaw angle, and the yaw angle in the posture information detected by the posture detection sensor
- a second change rate limiter that limits a change amount of the turning control force in the yaw direction obtained from a deviation from the value of the first change rate limiter, and a change amount of the first change rate limiter and a change of the second change rate limiter Change the setting of each quantity and update each command value in the order of yaw angle and pitch angle, or decrease the update rate of pitch angle command value relative to the update rate of yaw angle command value It may be configured for Kusuru.
- the control device since the control device includes the first change rate limiter and the second change rate limiter, the amount of change in the turning control force in the pitch direction and the yaw direction is large, and the hull is greatly increased in the pitch direction and the yaw direction. It is possible to prevent turning and sudden change of posture.
- each of the first change rate limiter and the second change rate limiter is changed, and the respective command values are updated in the order of the yaw angle and the pitch angle, or the update rate of the command value is higher in the yaw angle than in the pitch angle. Can be increased. For this reason, the turn in the yaw direction can be prioritized over the pitch direction. Therefore, for example, in a scene where the posture is changed in order to cope with an external force exerted obliquely from the rear of the hull, the singular posture in which the pitch angle exceeds 90 degrees and the top and bottom surfaces of the hull are reversed Can be prevented.
- the control device integrates the value of the control force in the left-right direction, and obtains a target yaw angle command value.
- a value calculating unit, and a pitch angle command value calculating unit that calculates a command value of a target pitch angle by integrating the value of the control force in the up and down direction, the control force of the left and right direction and the control force in the up and down direction.
- the command values for the yaw angle and the pitch angle are updated with the command value calculated by the yaw angle command value calculation unit and the command value calculated by the pitch angle command value calculation unit until the magnitude becomes zero. It may be configured to.
- the control device since the control device includes the yaw angle command value calculation unit and the pitch angle command value calculation unit, the yaw angle and the yaw angle so as to change the posture to a posture in which the magnitude of the control force in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction is zero.
- the pitch angle command value can be updated.
- the yaw angle command value calculation unit may calculate a target yaw from a value obtained by multiplying the value of the control force in the left-right direction by a gain and integrating. An angle command value is obtained, and the pitch angle command value calculation unit obtains a target pitch angle command value from a value obtained by multiplying the value of the vertical control force by a gain and integrating the value.
- the gain multiplied by the control force value in the left-right direction and the gain multiplied in the pitch angle command value calculation unit by the value of the control force in the up-down direction are changed, and the yaw angle, pitch
- Each command value may be updated in the order of the angles, or the update speed of the pitch angle command value may be reduced relative to the update speed of the yaw angle command value.
- the yaw angle command value calculation unit multiplies the value of the control force in the left and right direction by a gain and integrates the value, and the pitch angle command value calculation unit calculates the gain to the value of the control force in the up and down direction.
- the target yaw angle and pitch angle command values are obtained from values obtained by multiplication and integration. For this reason, by changing the setting of the gain value to be multiplied by each, the respective command values are updated in the order of the yaw angle and the pitch angle, or the yaw angle increases the update speed of the command value than the pitch angle. be able to.
- the turn in the yaw direction can be prioritized over the pitch direction. Therefore, for example, in a scene where the posture is changed in order to cope with an external force exerted obliquely from the rear of the hull, the singular posture in which the pitch angle exceeds 90 degrees and the top and bottom surfaces of the hull are reversed Can be prevented.
- the underwater vehicle is configured such that, in the above-described configuration, the actuator moves in the front-rear direction within the hull so as to change the barycentric position of the hull. May be provided.
- the center of gravity position changing unit since the center of gravity position changing unit is provided, the center of gravity position of the hull can be changed in the front-rear direction. For this reason, the rotation direction in pitching the hull can be easily determined, and turning control in the pitch direction can be made easier.
- An underwater vehicle attitude control method includes a positioning device that detects position information indicating a position of a hull, an attitude detection sensor that detects attitude information indicating the attitude of the hull, and an underwater An underwater vehicle comprising: an actuator that applies thrust to the hull in the front-rear direction, the left-right direction, and the up-down direction to change the position and posture of the hull; and a control device that controls the actuator
- a body posture control method wherein the control device holds the boat body at a target position based on the position information detected by the positioning device, the control force in the longitudinal direction in the boat body, the lateral direction Controlling the actuator by obtaining the control force of the vehicle, the vertical control force, and the turning control force for turning the hull in the roll direction, the yaw direction, and the pitch direction, and
- the target posture information is updated so that the control force in the left-right direction and the vertical direction becomes zero
- the attitude of the hull is controlled by controlling the actuator so that the control force in the left-right direction and the up-down direction is zero. Can be changed.
- the posture in which the magnitude of the control force in the left-right direction and the vertical direction is zero is a posture in which the bow is directed in the direction in which the external force is exerted and the fluid force acting on the hull is reduced.
- the underwater vehicle attitude control method has an effect that the hull can be held at the target position while suppressing power consumption.
- the present invention is configured as described above, and the underwater vehicle and the attitude control method of the underwater vehicle according to the present invention can hold the hull at a target position while suppressing power consumption. There is an effect.
- the figure (A) is an upper surface (plane) figure of an underwater vehicle
- the figure (B) is water. It is a side view of a medium running body. It is a block diagram which shows an example of the structure regarding the target position holding
- FIG. 2 It is a figure which shows an example of the attitude
- the figure (A) shows an example of the attitude
- the figure (B) An example of the attitude of the underwater vehicle changed with the occurrence of disturbance is shown.
- a submarine such as AUV will be described as an example of the underwater vehicle 1 according to the present invention.
- the present invention is not limited to this. Anything is acceptable.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are views showing an example of an actuator 3 provided in the underwater vehicle 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. FIG. 2B is a side view of the underwater vehicle 1.
- FIG. 1 for convenience of explanation, only the arrangement of the actuator 3 included in the underwater vehicle 1 is illustrated.
- the underwater vehicle 1 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape in which the area of the upper surface and the lower surface is larger than the areas of the left and right side surfaces and the front and rear side surfaces of the hull 2. ing.
- the underwater vehicle 1 has, as an actuator 3, two main propulsors 31a and 31b for moving the hull 2 in the front-rear direction, and four vertical thrusters 32a, 32b for moving the hull 2 in the vertical direction. 32c and 32d, and two horizontal thrusters 33a and 33b for moving the hull 2 in the left-right direction, respectively.
- the main propulsion device 31 when it is not necessary to distinguish and explain each of the main propulsion devices 31a and 31b, they are simply referred to as the main propulsion device 31.
- the vertical thrusters 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d are simply referred to as a vertical thruster 32.
- the horizontal thrusters 33a and 33b are simply referred to as horizontal thrusters 33.
- two main propulsors 31a and 31b are provided so that the rotation axis of the propeller is along the axis extending in the front and rear direction of the hull 2. It has been. Further, two horizontal thrusters 33a and 33b are provided so that the rotation axis of the propeller is along the axis extending to the left and right of the hull 2, and four vertical thrusters are provided so that the rotation axis of the propeller is along the axis extending vertically. Thrusters 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d are provided.
- the underwater vehicle 1 can move the hull 2 in the front-rear direction by the two main propulsion devices 31a and 31b. Further, it is possible to control the rotational movement of the hull 2 in the yaw direction by moving the hull 2 left and right by the two horizontal thrusters 33a and 33b and adjusting the outputs of the two horizontal thrusters 33a and 33b. it can. Further, the underwater vehicle 1 moves the hull 2 in the vertical direction by the four vertical thrusters 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d, and adjusts the output of each of the four vertical thrusters 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d. Thus, the rotational motion in the pitch direction of the hull 2 can be controlled, and the rotational motion in the roll direction can be controlled.
- the hull 2 of the underwater vehicle 1 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, but is not limited to this, and the work performed by the underwater vehicle 1 is not limited thereto. It is appropriately selected depending on the purpose.
- the underwater vehicle 1 according to the first embodiment serves as the actuator 3 as the two main thrusters 31a and 31b, the four vertical thrusters 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d, and the two horizontal thrusters 33a. , 33b, the number and types of actuators 3 provided are not limited to these.
- the rotation axes of the propellers of the two main propulsors 31a and 31b are at an angle of about 45 degrees with respect to a center line (not shown) extending in the front-rear direction of the underwater vehicle 1, and
- the main propulsors 31a and 31b may be configured to control the front / rear, left / right movement of the hull 2, and the rotational movement of the hull 2 in the yaw direction.
- the hull 2 can be moved back and forth, left and right, up and down, and the hull 2 can be rotated in the roll direction, the yaw direction, and the pitch direction to change the posture of the hull 2.
- the number and type of actuators 3 provided are arbitrary.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration relating to target position maintenance in the underwater vehicle 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the flow of command values of x, y, and z coordinates, which are position information indicating the position of the hull 2 are collectively shown by one arrow.
- the flow of command values for the roll angle, pitch angle, and yaw angle, which are posture information indicating the posture of the hull 2 is collectively indicated by one arrow.
- the underwater vehicle 1 further includes a gyro sensor 8, a positioning device 9, and a control device 50 in addition to the actuator 3 described above.
- the gyro sensor 8 is an example of an attitude detection sensor of the present invention, and detects attitude information indicating the attitude of the hull 2.
- the positioning device 9 detects position information indicating the position of the hull 2.
- a known acoustic positioning device that uses ultrasonic waves to measure the relative position of the hull 2 from a predetermined position on the mother ship or the sea floor set as a reference point can be used.
- the control device 50 performs various controls of the underwater vehicle 1, and includes a first comparison unit 4, a second comparison unit 5, a control force calculation unit 6, and a thrust distribution device 7. is there.
- the first comparison unit 4 obtains a deviation between the command value of the x, y, and z coordinates as the target value and the command value of the measured xyz coordinates.
- the underwater vehicle 1 includes first comparison units 4a, 4b, and 4c for each of the x, y, and z coordinate command values (see FIG. 7 described later). If not, it is simply referred to as the first comparison unit 4.
- the second comparison unit 5 obtains a deviation between the roll angle, pitch angle, and yaw angle command values as target values and the measured roll angle, pitch angle, and yaw angle command values.
- the underwater vehicle 1 includes second comparison units 5a, 5b, and 5c for each of the roll angle, pitch angle, and yaw angle (see FIG. 7 to be described later). This is simply referred to as the second comparison unit
- the control force calculation unit 6 calculates a front / rear control force that is a front / rear control force in the underwater vehicle 1 from the deviation between the target position and posture for holding the hull 2 and the actual position and posture of the hull 2.
- Left / right control force that is the control force in the left / right direction
- up / down control force that is the control force in the up / down direction
- roll turning control force that is the turning control force in the roll direction
- pitch turning control force that is the turning control force in the pitch direction
- yaw direction Each yaw turning control force, which is the turning control force of, is calculated.
- the thrust distribution device 7 calculates the thrust distributed to each actuator 3 based on the calculation result of the control force calculation unit 6. Then, the thrust distribution device 7 calculates an operation amount of each actuator 3 from the obtained thrust, and outputs a command value corresponding to the calculated operation amount to the actuator 3. More specifically, the thrust distribution device 7 calculates the pitch angle, the rotation speed, etc. of the propellers (not shown) of the main propulsion device 31, the horizontal thruster 33, and the vertical thruster 32 that constitute the actuator 3, and calculates the command value. Output.
- the underwater vehicle 1 having the above-described configuration can hold the hull 2 at the target position by the following control flow. That is, first, the ship operator defines a command value indicating the position at which the hull 2 is held as a target value by the values of the earth fixed coordinate system x, y, z-axis, and the attitude of the underwater vehicle 1. Command values for angle, pitch angle, and yaw angle are input to the underwater vehicle 1. And the value of each x, y, z axis which shows the actual position of the hull 2 obtained from the positioning apparatus 9 in the 1st comparison part 4, and each value of x, y, z axis used as target value The deviation is obtained and input to the control force calculation unit 6.
- the control force calculation unit 6 calculates the front / rear control force, the left / right control force, the vertical control force, the roll turning control force, the pitch turning control force, and the yaw turning control force in the underwater vehicle 1 and obtained from the calculation results.
- Each command value is input to the thrust distribution device 7.
- the thrust distribution device 7 calculates the thrust distributed to each actuator 3 from each input command value. Then, the thrust distribution device 7 calculates the operation amount of each actuator 3 from the obtained thrust, and outputs a command value indicating the operation amount to each actuator 3.
- the bow when a disturbance occurs in a state where the hull 2 is held at the target position, the bow is directed in the direction of the external force exerted by the disturbance in order to suppress power consumption.
- a posture in which the fluid force acting on the hull is reduced For example, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B and FIGS. 4A and 4B, an external force is applied to the hull 2 diagonally to the left of the hull 2 and from above. In this case, the front / rear control force is applied forward, the left / right control force is applied to the left, and the vertical control force is applied upward, so that the hull 2 is balanced so as to be held at the target position. And the underwater vehicle 1 turned the bow in the direction in which the external force is exerted, and reduced the posture of the left and right control forces and the vertical control force to zero, in other words, the fluid force acting on the hull.
- the posture is shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B and FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing an example of the posture of the underwater vehicle 1 in the horizontal plane shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3A shows an example of the posture of the underwater vehicle 1 when a disturbance occurs.
- the figure (B) shows an example of the attitude
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the posture of the underwater vehicle 1 shown in FIG. 2 in the vertical direction.
- FIG. 4A shows an example of the posture of the underwater vehicle 1 when a disturbance occurs.
- (B) shows an example of the attitude of the underwater vehicle 1 that has been changed due to the occurrence of a disturbance.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration related to posture control when a disturbance occurs in the underwater vehicle 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the flow of command values for the roll angle, the pitch angle, and the yaw angle are indicated by separate arrow lines in order to more specifically describe the attitude control of the hull 2.
- the underwater vehicle 1 includes a flow direction meter 11 as a configuration related to attitude control of the hull 2 when a disturbance occurs, and the control device 50 includes a first change rate limiter 12 and A second change rate limiter 13 is further provided.
- the flow direction meter 11 is a device that measures the tidal current arrival direction, and the first change rate limiter 12 and the second change rate limiter 13 limit, for example, the amount of change per second of the obtained command value. .
- the first rate-of-change limiter 12 limits the amount of change per second in the pitch angle command value
- the second rate-of-change limiter 13 changes the command value in yaw angle per second. Limit the amount.
- the underwater vehicle 1 includes x, y, z coordinate command values (x t , y t , z t ) given as target values and roll angle, pitch angle, yaw angle command values ( ⁇ t , ⁇ t , ⁇ t ), measured values of x, y, z coordinates indicating the position of the hull 2 (x, y, z), and roll angle and pitch angle indicating the attitude of the hull 2
- the control force calculation unit 6 Based on the deviation from the command value ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) of the yaw angle, performs the front / rear control force, left / right control force, vertical control force, roll turning control force, pitch turning in the underwater vehicle 1.
- the thrust distribution device 7 calculates the thrust distributed to each actuator 3 based on the calculation result of the control force calculation unit 6, calculates the operation amount of each actuator 3 from the calculated thrust, and sets the hull 2 to the target position. It is the structure which controls the actuator 3 so that it may hold
- the direction in which an external force is exerted (the direction of arrival of the tidal current) is measured by the flow direction meter 11. Then, the pitch angle and yaw angle command values ( ⁇ t , ⁇ t ) given as target values are set to a posture in which the bow is oriented with respect to the tidal current arrival direction measured by the flow direction meter 11, and The yaw angle is updated to the values ( ⁇ c , ⁇ c ).
- c ⁇ ⁇ ) is obtained in each of the second comparison unit 5b and the second comparison unit 5c.
- a value obtained by applying a change rate limit by the first change rate limiter 12 to the deviation of the pitch angle command value obtained by the second comparison unit 5 b is input to the control force calculation unit 6.
- a value obtained by applying a change rate limit by the second change rate limiter 13 to the deviation of the command value of the yaw angle obtained by the second comparison unit 5 c is input to the control force calculation unit 6.
- the underwater vehicle 1 includes a first change rate limiter 12 and a second change rate limiter 13 in order to prevent a sudden change in the attitude of the hull 2 due to the occurrence of a disturbance.
- these members are not necessarily required.
- the control force calculation unit 6 calculates the pitch turning control force from a value obtained by applying a rate of change limit to the deviation of the input pitch angle command value. Further, the control force calculation unit 6 calculates the yaw turning control force from a value obtained by applying a change rate limit to the deviation of the input yaw angle command value. Then, the control force calculation unit 6 inputs the command value of each turning control force obtained from the calculation result to the thrust distribution device 7.
- the thrust distribution device 7 calculates the operation amount of the actuator 3 so as to turn the hull 2 in the pitch direction and the yaw direction based on the input command values of each turning control force, and according to the calculated operation amount.
- the command value is output to each actuator 3.
- the above control flow is performed until the bow faces in the direction of the external force exerted on the hull 2.
- the underwater vehicle 1 according to the first embodiment can change the posture so that the bow is gradually directed toward the external force while being held at a predetermined position.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a state in which the direction of the bow of the underwater vehicle 1 according to the first embodiment has moved from directly above to directly above and below.
- the horizontal plane is represented as the xy plane and the vertical direction is represented as the z-axis direction.
- the hull 2 of the underwater vehicle 1 is in a peculiar posture that is upside down, and is in an unfavorable state for controlling the underwater vehicle 1 or performing a predetermined work by the underwater vehicle 1.
- the bow turns twice in the pitch direction and is directed right above the rear.
- the yaw suddenly changes discontinuously from 0 degrees to 180 degrees, which may cause a problem that the control becomes unstable.
- the underwater vehicle 1 is configured to change the posture in the pitch direction after preferentially changing the posture in the yaw direction in order to prevent the posture change of the hull 2 as shown in FIG. May be.
- the underwater vehicle 1 when an underwater force is exerted on the hull 2, the underwater vehicle 1 initially sets the amount of change in the pitch direction to zero in the first change rate limiter 12, and first turns only in the yaw direction. carry out. After turning in the yaw direction, this time, the second change rate limiter 13 sets the change amount in the yaw direction to zero, and returns the change amount set to zero in the first change rate limiter to the initial value. Turn in the pitch direction.
- the pitch angle has an update speed to the target value compared to the yaw angle. You may comprise so that it may become small.
- the underwater vehicle 1 sets the change rate so that the change amount of the first change rate limiter 12 is smaller than the change amount of the second change rate limiter 13.
- the underwater vehicle 1 can be configured so that the turning of the hull 2 gives priority to the yaw direction over the pitch direction. This can prevent the control from becoming unstable before and after the unique posture.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration related to attitude control when a disturbance occurs in the underwater vehicle 10 according to the second embodiment.
- the underwater vehicle 10 according to the second embodiment differs from the configuration of the underwater vehicle 1 according to the first embodiment in that the flow direction meter 11 is not provided.
- the control device 50 is different in that it includes the yaw angle command value calculation unit 21 and the pitch angle command value calculation unit 22 while not including the first change rate limiter 12 and the second change rate limiter 13. Otherwise, the underwater vehicle 10 according to the second embodiment has the same configuration as the underwater vehicle 1 according to the first embodiment. Omitted.
- the yaw angle command value calculation unit 21 calculates a yaw angle command value as a target value, and includes an integrator that integrates the command value of the left and right control force output from the control force calculation unit 6. Including.
- the pitch angle command value calculation unit 22 calculates a pitch angle command value as a target value, and includes an integrator that integrates the command value of the vertical control force output from the control force calculation unit 6.
- the underwater vehicle 10 Since the underwater vehicle 10 does not include the flow direction meter 11, it is not possible to directly grasp the tidal current arrival direction (direction in which external force is exerted). Therefore, the underwater vehicle 10 pitches the command value of the yaw angle from the left and right control force that acts to hold the hull 2 at a predetermined position when the external force is applied to the hull 2, and the pitch from the vertical control force. Each of the corner command values is calculated.
- the left / right control force works in the right direction.
- the vertical control force works upward, and conversely, when the external force is exerted from below, the vertical control force is reduced. Work in the direction. Therefore, the turning direction is determined from the direction in which the left / right control force and the up / down control force work, and the pitch angle and yaw angle of the bow direction when the left / right control force and the up / down control force are in the posture where the left / right control force and the up / down control force are zero are applied The command value is updated.
- the underwater vehicle 10 performs posture control of the hull 2 held at the target position by the following control flow.
- the underwater vehicle 10 includes x, y, and z coordinate command values (x t , y t , z t ) given as target values and Command values ( ⁇ t , ⁇ t , ⁇ t ) for roll angle, pitch angle, yaw angle, command values (x, y, z) for x, y, z coordinates indicating the position of the measured hull 2 and Based on the deviation from the roll angle, pitch angle, and yaw angle command values ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) indicating the attitude of the hull 2, the control force calculation unit 6 performs the front-rear control force and the left-right control force in the underwater vehicle 10.
- the thrust distribution device 7 calculates the thrust distributed to each actuator 3 based on the calculation result of the control force calculation unit 6, calculates the operation amount of each actuator 3 from the calculated thrust, and sets the hull 2 to the target position.
- the actuator 3 is controlled so as to hold it.
- the underwater vehicle 10 instructs the yaw angle command value calculation unit 21 to send a command value for the control force in the left-right direction that works to hold the hull 2 at the target position when a disturbance occurs.
- Each value is input to the pitch angle command value calculation unit 22.
- the yaw angle command value calculation unit 21 obtains a yaw angle command value ⁇ r from a value obtained by multiplying and integrating the input command value of the left and right control force, and obtains a yaw angle command value ⁇ t that is a target value.
- the yaw angle command value ⁇ r is updated.
- the pitch angle command value calculation unit 22 obtains a pitch angle command value ⁇ r from a value obtained by multiplying the input vertical control force command value by a gain and integrates the pitch angle command value ⁇ t as a target value.
- the obtained pitch angle command value ⁇ r is updated.
- the yaw angle command value calculation unit 21 determines the target yaw angle direction from the value obtained by integrating the command values of the left and right control forces.
- the pitch angle command value calculation unit 22 determines a target pitch angle direction from a value obtained by integrating the command values of the vertical control force.
- the updated yaw angle command value ⁇ r which is the target value, is compared with the actual yaw angle command value ⁇ measured by the gyro sensor 8 in the second comparison unit 5 c, and the deviation is input to the control force calculation unit 6.
- the Further, the updated pitch angle command value ⁇ r is compared with the actual pitch angle command value ⁇ measured by the gyro sensor 8 in the second comparison unit 5 b, and the deviation is input to the control force calculation unit 6.
- the control force calculation unit 6 calculates the pitch turning control force from the deviation of the pitch angle command value and calculates the yaw turning control force from the deviation of the yaw angle command value. Then, the control force calculation unit 6 inputs the command value of each turning control force obtained from the calculation result to the thrust distribution device 7.
- the thrust distribution device 7 calculates the operation amount of the actuator 3 for turning the hull 2 in the pitch direction and the yaw direction based on the input command values of each turning control force, and calculates the calculated operation amount command.
- the value is output to each actuator 3.
- the target values of the yaw angle command value and the pitch angle command value are updated until the left / right control force and the vertical control force become zero. In this way, the underwater vehicle 10 according to the second embodiment can change the posture so that the bow is directed in the direction of the external force while the hull 2 is held at a predetermined position.
- the pitch angle of the hull 2 moves beyond 90 degrees and becomes a peculiar posture, similarly to the underwater vehicle 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the underwater vehicle 10 may be configured as follows in order to avoid such a unique posture.
- the pitch angle command value calculation unit 22 sets a gain value to be multiplied by the command value of the vertical control force to zero, and first turns only in the yaw direction. To implement. After turning in the yaw direction, the yaw angle command value calculation unit 21 sets the gain value to be multiplied by the left and right control force command value to zero, and the pitch angle command value calculation unit 22 sets it to zero. Return the gain value to the initial value, and turn in the pitch direction.
- the underwater vehicle 10 may be configured such that the update speed of the target value is smaller for the pitch angle than for the yaw angle in order to avoid the hull 2 from being in a unique posture.
- the underwater vehicle 10 has a command value for the vertical control force in the pitch angle command value calculation unit 22 as compared to a gain value multiplied by the command value for the left and right control force in the yaw angle command value calculation unit 21. Set the gain value to be multiplied to be smaller.
- the underwater vehicle 10 since the underwater vehicle 10 according to the second embodiment is configured to prioritize the turning of the hull 2 in the yaw direction over the pitch direction, the hull 2 is prevented from having a unique posture. In addition, it is possible to avoid an unstable control before and after the unique posture.
- the underwater vehicle 1 according to the first embodiment and the underwater vehicle 10 according to the second embodiment are configured to control the pitching rotation direction of the hull 2 by operating a plurality of vertical thrusters 32. there were.
- the actuator 3 further includes a gravity center position changer 30 that can move in the front-rear direction, and changes the gravity center position of the hull 2 so that the vertical inclination of the hull 2, that is, pitching. It is good also as a structure which controls a rotation direction.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a configuration according to a modified example of the underwater vehicles 1 and 10.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows a cross-sectional structure when the underwater vehicles 1 and 10 are cut vertically in the front-rear direction.
- the center-of-gravity position changing unit 30 may be a weight made of metal such as lead or an air tank. That is, the center-of-gravity position changing unit 30 only needs to be able to change the center-of-gravity position in the front-rear direction of the underwater vehicle 1, 10 by moving in the front-rear direction within the hull 2.
- the center of gravity position changing unit 30 is provided in this way, the underwater navigation bodies 1 and 10 can determine the rotation direction in pitching of the hull 2 by the movement of the center of gravity position changing unit 30, and the pitch by the vertical thruster 32. The turning control in the direction can be made easier.
- the present invention is useful for all underwater vehicles such as AUV that need to work while holding the hull at the target position in water, or need to hold the hull at the target position before performing the work. is there.
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Abstract
Description
図1(A),(B)は、本発明の第1実施形態に係る水中航走体1が備えるアクチュエータ3の一例を示す図であり、同図(A)は水中航走体1の上面(平面)図であり、同図(B)は水中航走体1の側面図である。なお、図1では、説明の便宜上、水中航走体1が有するアクチュエータ3の配置に関してのみ図示している。
次に、上記したアクチュエータ3を用いて艇体2を目標位置に保持するための構成について図2を参照して説明する。図2は、本発明の第1実施形態に係る水中航走体1における目標位置保持に関する構成の一例を示すブロック図である。図2では、説明の便宜上、艇体2の位置を示す位置情報であるx、y、z座標それぞれの指令値の流れをまとめて1つの矢印で示している。また艇体2の姿勢を示す姿勢情報であるロール角、ピッチ角、ヨー角それぞれの指令値の流れもまとめて1つの矢印で示している。
以下において、第1実施形態に係る水中航走体1における外乱発生時の艇体2の姿勢制御について図5を参照して説明する。図5は、第1実施形態に係る水中航走体1における、外乱発生時の姿勢制御に関する構成を示すブロック図である。なお、図5では、艇体2の姿勢制御をより具体的に説明するためにロール角、ピッチ角、ヨー角の指令値の流れをそれぞれ別個の矢印線により示している。
(流向計を備えない構成における姿勢制御)
第2実施形態に係る水中航走体10として、水中航走体10が流向計11を備えていない場合における、外乱発生時の姿勢制御について、図7を参照して説明する。図7は、第2実施形態に係る水中航走体10の、外乱発生時における姿勢制御に関する構成を示すブロック図である。図7に示すように、第2実施形態に係る水中航走体10は、第1実施形態に係る水中航走体1の構成と比較して、流向計11を備えていない点で異なる。また、制御装置50が第1変化率リミッタ12および第2変化率リミッタ13を備えていない一方で、ヨー角指令値算出部21およびピッチ角指令値算出部22を備えている点で異なる。なお、それ以外では第2実施形態に係る水中航走体10は、第1実施形態に係る水中航走体1と同様の構成であるため、同じ部材には同じ符号を付し、その説明は省略する。
上記した第1実施形態に係る水中航走体1、および第2実施形態に係る水中航走体10は、複数の垂直スラスタ32を動作させて艇体2のピッチングの回転方向を制御する構成であった。しかしながら、図8に示すようにアクチュエータ3として、さらに前後方向に移動可能な重心位置変更部30を備え、艇体2の重心位置を変更させ、該艇体2の上下方向の傾き、つまりピッチングの回転方向を制御する構成としてもよい。図8は、水中航走体1,10の変形例に係る構成の一例を模式的に示す図である。図8では、水中航走体1,10を前後方向に鉛直に切り出したときの断面構造を模式的に示している。
2 艇体
3 アクチュエータ
4 第1比較部
4a 第1比較部
4b 第1比較部
4c 第1比較部
5 第2比較部
5a 第2比較部
5b 第2比較部
5c 第2比較部
6 制御力算出部
7 推力配分装置
8 ジャイロセンサ
9 測位装置
10 水中航走体
11 流向計
12 第1変化率リミッタ
13 第2変化率リミッタ
21 ヨー角指令値算出部
22 ピッチ角指令値算出部
30 重心位置変更部
50 制御装置
Claims (8)
- 艇体の位置を示す位置情報を検知する測位装置と、
前記艇体の姿勢を示す姿勢情報を検知する姿勢検知センサと、
水中において前記艇体に対して前後方向、左右方向、および上下方向それぞれに推力を与え、該艇体の位置および姿勢を変更させるアクチュエータと、
前記アクチュエータを制御する制御装置と、を備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記測位装置によって検知された前記位置情報に基づき前記艇体を目標位置に保持させるように、前記艇体における前後方向の制御力、左右方向の制御力、上下方向の制御力、および艇体をロール方向、ヨー方向、ピッチ方向それぞれに旋回させる旋回制御力を求めてアクチュエータを制御しており、
目標位置に保持されている前記艇体に外力が及ぼされたとき、前記左右方向および上下方向の制御力の大きさがゼロとなるように、目標とする姿勢情報を更新し、前記姿勢検知センサによって検知された前記姿勢情報に基づき前記艇体を更新後の姿勢情報に応じた姿勢に変更させるように前記アクチュエータを制御する水中航走体。 - 前記制御装置は、目標とする位置情報および姿勢情報と、前記測位装置によって検知された位置情報および前記姿勢検知センサによって検知された姿勢情報との偏差から前記前後方向の制御力、前記左右方向の制御力、前記上下方向の制御力、および前記ロール方向、ヨー方向、ピッチ方向それぞれでの旋回制御力を算出する制御力算出部を備え、
目標位置に保持されている前記艇体に外力が及ぼされたとき、前記制御力算出部によって算出された前記左右方向および前記上下方向の制御力の大きさがゼロとなるように、目標とする姿勢情報のうちヨー角およびピッチ角の指令値を更新させる請求項1に記載の水中航走体。 - 前記艇体に及ぼされる外力の方向として潮流到来方向を計測する流向計を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記流向計によって計測された前記潮流到来方向に船首が向いた艇体の姿勢を、目標とする姿勢情報とし、前記ヨー角および前記ピッチ角それぞれの指令値を更新する請求項2に記載の水中航走体。 - 前記制御装置は、
更新された前記ピッチ角の指令値と前記姿勢検知センサによって検知された姿勢情報におけるピッチ角の値との偏差から求められるピッチ方向への旋回制御力の変化量に制限を加える第1変化率リミッタと、
更新された前記ヨー角の指令値と前記姿勢検知センサによって検知された姿勢情報におけるヨー角の値との偏差から求められるヨー方向への旋回制御力の変化量に制限を加える第2変化率リミッタと、を備え、
前記第1変化率リミッタの変化量および前記第2変化率リミッタの変化量それぞれの設定を変更し、ヨー角、ピッチ角の順にそれぞれの指令値を更新する、あるいはヨー角の指令値の更新速度に対してピッチ角の指令値の更新速度を小さくする請求項3に記載の水中航走体。 - 前記制御装置は、
前記左右方向の制御力の値を積分し、目標とするヨー角の指令値を求めるヨー角指令値算出部と、
前記上下方向の制御力の値を積分し、目標とするピッチ角の指令値を算出するピッチ角指令値算出部と、を備え、
前記左右方向および前記上下方向の制御力の大きさがゼロとなるまで、前記ヨー角指令値算出部によって算出された指令値と前記ピッチ角指令値算出部によって算出された指令値によって、前記ヨー角および前記ピッチ角それぞれの指令値を更新する請求項2に記載の水中航走体。 - 前記ヨー角指令値算出部は、前記左右方向の制御力の値にゲインを乗じて積分した値から目標とするヨー角の指令値を求めており、
前記ピッチ角指令値算出部は、前記上下方向の制御力の値にゲインを乗じて積分した値から目標とするピッチ角の指令値を求めており、
前記ヨー角指令値算出部において前記左右方向の制御力の値に乗じる前記ゲインおよび前記ピッチ角指令値算出部において前記上下方向の制御力の値に乗じる前記ゲインそれぞれの値を変更し、ヨー角、ピッチ角の順にそれぞれの指令値を更新する、あるいはヨー角の指令値の更新速度に対してピッチ角の指令値の更新速度を小さくする請求項5に記載の水中航走体。 - 前記アクチュエータは、
前記艇体の重心位置を変更するように、艇体内において前後方向に移動する重心位置変更部を備える請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の水中航走体。 - 艇体の位置を示す位置情報を検知する測位装置と、
前記艇体の姿勢を示す姿勢情報を検知する姿勢検知センサと、
水中において前記艇体に対して前後方向、左右方向、および上下方向それぞれに推力を与え、該艇体の位置および姿勢を変更させるアクチュエータと、
前記アクチュエータを制御する制御装置と、を備えた水中航走体の姿勢制御方法であって、
前記制御装置が、
前記測位装置によって検知された前記位置情報に基づき前記艇体を目標位置に保持させるように、前記艇体における前後方向の制御力、左右方向の制御力、上下方向の制御力、および艇体をロール方向、ヨー方向、ピッチ方向それぞれに旋回させる旋回制御力を求めて前記アクチュエータを制御するステップと、
目標位置に保持されている前記艇体に外力が及ぼされたとき、前記左右方向および上下方向の制御力の大きさがゼロとなるように、目標とする姿勢情報を更新し、前記姿勢検知センサによって検知された前記姿勢情報に基づき前記艇体を更新後の姿勢情報に応じた姿勢に変更させるように前記アクチュエータを制御するステップと、を含む、水中航走体の姿勢制御方法。
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JP2007132769A (ja) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-05-31 | Hitachi Ltd | 水中検査装置 |
WO2009154006A1 (ja) * | 2008-06-20 | 2009-12-23 | 財団法人北九州産業学術推進機構 | 水中姿勢安定化装置及びそれを備えた潜水装置 |
JP2014210551A (ja) * | 2013-04-22 | 2014-11-13 | 株式会社Ihi | 水中航走体 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN115562319A (zh) * | 2022-09-13 | 2023-01-03 | 西北工业大学 | 一种内波影响下航行体姿态的修正方法 |
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AU2017331880B2 (en) | 2020-07-02 |
NO20190556A1 (en) | 2019-04-26 |
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US11027804B2 (en) | 2021-06-08 |
AU2017331880A1 (en) | 2019-05-09 |
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US20200247514A1 (en) | 2020-08-06 |
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