WO2018050009A1 - 轴承载荷在线获取方法及装置、轴承寿命评估方法及装置 - Google Patents
轴承载荷在线获取方法及装置、轴承寿命评估方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
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- the invention relates to the technical field of bearings, in particular to an online acquisition method of bearing load of a bearing service system, an online bearing device for bearing load of a bearing service system, a bearing life evaluation method and a bearing life evaluation device.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is that the online acquisition method of the bearing load of the existing bearing service system is limited by the bearing installation environment, and the versatility is poor.
- the present invention provides a method for online acquisition of bearing loads of a bearing service system, comprising: establishing a multi-body dynamics model of the bearing service system; obtaining a transfer function and an inverse based on the multi-body dynamics model a transfer function; during the operation of the bearing service system, acquiring a response signal generated by the bearing service system under the excitation of a bearing load; using a virtual iterative method based on the transfer function and the inverse transfer function and the response signal, obtaining the Bearing load.
- the virtual iterative method is performed according to the following formula: the bearing load is an excitation signal corresponding to an analog response signal that matches the response signal;
- the method for obtaining the transfer function and the inverse transfer function comprises:
- the transfer function is inverted to obtain the inverse transfer function.
- the noise signal is a pink noise signal or a white noise signal.
- the response signal is a force, an acceleration, or a displacement.
- the multibody kinetic model is built using Adams software.
- the virtual iteration is performed using Adams software, Simpack software, or Recurdyn software.
- the bearing load is the force experienced by the outer or inner ring of the bearing.
- the bearing service system is an axle box for railways.
- the present invention also provides a bearing life evaluation method, comprising: obtaining the bearing load by using the bearing load online acquisition method described in any of the above; and substituting the bearing load into a general formula of bearing life to obtain the Bearing life.
- the general formula is a bearing life calculation formula formulated in "ISO 281 rolling bearing. rated dynamic load and rated life”.
- the present invention also provides a bearing load online obtaining device for a bearing service system, comprising: a modeling module for establishing a multi-body dynamics model of the bearing service system; and a function module for The multi-body dynamics model obtains a transfer function and an inverse transfer function; an acquisition module is configured to collect a response signal generated by the bearing service system under the excitation of the bearing load during operation of the bearing service system; The bearing load is obtained using a virtual iterative method based on the transfer function and the inverse transfer function and the response signal.
- the obtaining module includes:
- a comparing unit configured to compare the nth analog response signal with a response signal of the bearing service system
- An output unit configured to use the nth excitation signal as the bearing load when the comparison result of the comparison unit is that the nth analog response signal coincides with the response signal Y acquisition of the bearing service system;
- the function module includes:
- noise unit for providing a noise signal to the multi-body dynamics model as an excitation
- An acquisition unit configured to obtain an output signal generated by the multi-body dynamic model under excitation of the noise signal
- a solving unit configured to obtain the transfer function according to the noise signal and the output signal
- An inversion unit for inverting the transfer function to obtain the inverse transfer function.
- the present invention also provides a bearing life evaluation device comprising: the bearing load on-line acquiring device according to any one of the above; the calculating device for acquiring the bearing load and the bearing life of the device according to the bearing load on-line The general formula calculates the life of the bearing.
- a multi-body dynamics model is established for the bearing service system. Then, using the transfer function of the bearing service system, the inverse transfer function, and the easily acquired bearing service system response signal for virtual iteration, the bearing online load is difficult to measure.
- the acquisition method of the present invention uses a multi-body dynamics model to simulate a real bearing service system, which is not only versatile, does not damage the bearing service system, and is relatively cost-effective due to less hardware use.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing an online acquisition method of bearing load of a bearing service system in an embodiment of the present invention.
- the bearing service system may be any device using a bearing.
- the bearing service system is exemplified by an axle box for railways, which includes a rotating shaft, a bearing sleeved on the rotating shaft, and a bearing housing for mounting the bearing.
- the online acquisition method of the bearing load of the present embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to FIG.
- step S10 is performed to establish a multi-body system (MBS) model of the bearing service system.
- MBS multi-body system
- the multi-body dynamics model is a simulation model of the bearing service system, and the multi-body dynamics model can be used to simulate and analyze the bearing service system to obtain its dynamic characteristics.
- the multi-body dynamics model is built using Adams software because Adams software has powerful kinematics and dynamics analysis functions as well as high-precision modeling and simulation functions.
- other multi-body dynamics models can also be built using other software with modeling capabilities.
- the multi-body dynamics model can be jointly established by combining the physical model of the bearing service system with the mathematical model of the bearing service system to ensure that the established multi-body dynamic model can simulate the bearing service system with high simulation.
- the established multi-body dynamics model includes a simulated part of the shaft in the bearing service system, a simulated part of the bearing in the bearing service system, and a simulated part of the bearing seat in the bearing service system.
- step S20 is performed to obtain a transfer function and an inverse transfer function based on the multi-body dynamics model.
- Both the transfer function and the inverse transfer function of the multi-body dynamics model are an attribute of the multi-body dynamics model itself.
- the transfer function acquisition method of the multi-body dynamics model includes: generating a noise signal; inputting a noise signal to the multi-body dynamic model; obtaining an output signal generated by the multi-body dynamic model under excitation of the noise signal; The noise signal and the output signal find a transfer function.
- the noise signal is a signal characterized by frequency and decibel.
- the noise signal is a pink noise signal or a white noise signal, and its frequency width is wide.
- the noise signal and the output signal are both subjected to Laplace transform, and the ratio of the Laplace transform of the output signal to the Laplace transform of the noise signal is multi-body power Learn the transfer function of the model.
- the inverse transfer function of the multi-body dynamics model can be obtained by inverting it.
- step S30 is performed to collect a response signal generated by the bearing service system under the excitation of the bearing load during the operation of the bearing service system.
- the response signal is a motion signal generated by the bearing portion of the bearing service system under the excitation of the bearing load, and can be easily collected by setting a sensor at a response portion of the bearing service system.
- the response signal is force, acceleration or displacement
- the bearing load of the bearing service system is the force received by the outer or inner ring of the bearing.
- the bearing load may also be the force received by other components in the bearing.
- the expression of the bearing load is not limited to the force, for example, it may also be expressed as acceleration, Force-related forms such as displacement.
- step S30 may be performed first, and step S10 may be performed.
- step S40 is performed to obtain the bearing load based on the transfer function and the inverse transfer function and the response signal using a virtual iteration method.
- the virtual iterative method is performed according to the following formula: the bearing load is an excitation signal corresponding to an analog response signal that matches the response signal.
- the analog response signal can be continuously approximated to the response signal collected from the bearing service system.
- the excitation signal corresponding to the analog response signal can be used as Bearing load of the bearing service system.
- U n U n-1 +F -1 *(Y acquisition -Y n-1 ), where U n is the nth excitation signal, U n-1 is the n-1th excitation signal, F - 1 is an inverse transfer function of the multi-body dynamics model, Y is acquired as the response signal collected, and Y n-1 is an n-1th analog response signal, and the analog response signal is according to the excitation signal and
- step S40 The specific iterative process of the virtual iteration in step S40 is described in detail below.
- Step c comparing the first simulated response signal Y 1 with the response signal Y acquisition of the bearing service system.
- the first analog response signal Y 1 coincides with the response signal Y acquisition
- the first excitation signal U 1 is used as the bearing load of the bearing service system, and the iteration ends. Otherwise, continue with step d below.
- Step f comparing the second simulated response signal Y 2 with the response signal Y acquisition of the bearing service system.
- the second analog response signal Y 2 coincides with the response signal Y acquisition
- the second excitation signal U 2 is used as the bearing load of the bearing service system, and the iteration ends. Otherwise, the next iteration is performed, which is performed in the same manner as the above steps d, e, and f, and so on, and will not be described again.
- the steps of the above virtual iteration are performed using Adams software, Simpack software or Recurdyn software.
- other tools may be utilized for virtual iterations.
- a multi-body dynamics model is established for the bearing service system. Then, using the transfer function of the bearing service system, the inverse transfer function, and the easily acquired bearing service system response signal for virtual iteration, the bearing online load is difficult to measure.
- the excitation signal of the obtained multi-body dynamic model can be repeatedly modified until the analog response signal output by the multi-body dynamic model coincides with the response signal of the bearing service system, thus finally correcting
- the excitation signal of the latter multi-body dynamics model can be used as the bearing load.
- the acquisition method of the present invention uses a multi-body dynamics model to simulate a real bearing service system, which is not only versatile, does not damage the bearing service system, and is relatively cost-effective due to less hardware use.
- the method of the virtual iteration is not limited to the given embodiment, as long as it can be iteratively iterated, and the result obtained by each iteration is taken as the initial value of the next iteration. So that the analog value of the response signal is approximated to the response signal.
- the embodiment further provides a bearing life evaluation method, which can be used to evaluate the fatigue life of the bearing, the method comprising: obtaining the bearing load by the above method; and substituting the bearing load into a general formula of the bearing life to obtain the bearing life.
- This general formula is a formula commonly used in the industry to calculate bearing life.
- the general formula is a general formula for the bearing life defined by "ISO 281 rolling bearing. rated dynamic load and rated life”. The general formula is:
- L nm is the fatigue life of the bearing
- a 1 is the reliability life correction coefficient
- a ISO is the life correction coefficient based on factors such as lubrication, environment, pollutant particles and installation
- a ISO f(e c c u /P , k)
- e c is the pollution coefficient
- c u is the fatigue load limit
- k is the viscosity ratio of the lubricant
- C is the rated dynamic load
- P is the bearing load obtained according to the above method
- ⁇ is the type of rolling element according to the bearing Determined index.
- the equivalent load of the bearing is used for the P in the general formula, and since the equivalent load does not truly reflect the true force of the bearing, the prior art
- the bearing life obtained is essentially the equivalent life of the bearing and is not accurate.
- the solution used in the general formula is the real-time load of the bearing. Therefore, the real-time life of the bearing is obtained by using the above general formula, and the accuracy is high.
- the above general formula may also adopt a bearing life calculation formula prescribed by other ISO standards.
- the present invention also provides an on-line bearing device for bearing load of a bearing service system, which comprises a modeling module, a function module, an acquisition module and an acquisition module.
- the modeling module is used to establish a multi-body dynamics model of the bearing service system.
- the function module is configured to obtain a transfer function and an inverse transfer function based on the multi-body dynamics model.
- the acquisition module is configured to collect a response signal generated by the bearing service system under the excitation of a bearing load during operation of the bearing service system.
- the acquisition module is configured to obtain the bearing load using a virtual iterative method based on the transfer function and the inverse transfer function and the response signal.
- the acquisition module includes a first operation unit, a second operation unit, a comparison unit, and an output unit.
- the comparison unit is configured to compare the nth analog response signal with a response signal of a bearing service system.
- the output unit is configured to use the nth excitation signal as the bearing load when the comparison result of the comparison unit is that the nth analog response signal coincides with the response signal Y acquisition of the bearing service system.
- the function module includes a noise unit, an acquisition unit, a solution unit, and an inversion unit.
- the noise unit is configured to provide a noise signal to the multi-body dynamics model as an excitation.
- the acquisition unit is configured to obtain an output signal generated by the multi-body dynamics model under excitation of the noise signal.
- the solving unit is configured to determine the transfer function based on the noise signal and the output signal.
- the inversion unit is configured to invert the transfer function to obtain the inverse transfer function.
- the present invention also provides a bearing life evaluation device comprising the above-described bearing load online acquisition device and calculation device.
- the calculating device is configured to calculate the life of the bearing according to a general formula of the bearing load and the bearing life obtained by the bearing load on-line acquiring device.
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Abstract
一种轴承载荷在线获取方法及装置、轴承寿命评估方法及装置,该获取方法包括:建立轴承服役系统的多体动力学模型(S10);基于多体动力学模型获得传递函数和逆传递函数(S20);在轴承服役系统运行过程中,采集轴承服役系统在轴承载荷的激励下产生的响应信号(S30);采用虚拟迭代方法基于传递函数和逆传递函数及响应信号,获得轴承载荷(S40)。该获取方法能够利用轴承服役系统的传递函数、逆传递函数,以及容易采集到的轴承服役系统响应信号进行虚拟迭代,从而得到不易测量的轴承在线载荷。由于其用多体动力学模型来对真实的轴承服役系统进行仿真,不仅通用性强,不会破坏轴承服役系统,而且因较少使用硬件而比较节省成本。
Description
本申请要求于2016年09月19日提交中国专利局、申请号为201610833438.7、发明名称为“轴承载荷在线获取方法及装置、轴承寿命评估方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本发明涉及轴承技术领域,特别是涉及一种轴承服役系统的轴承载荷在线获取方法、轴承服役系统的轴承载荷在线获取装置、轴承寿命评估方法以及轴承寿命评估装置。
在轴承服役系统的运行过程中,获得轴承服役系统中轴承的载荷有着重要作用。现有技术有通过在轴承的外圈或内圈表面粘贴应变片来直接测量轴承的载荷,但在很多情况下,受轴承所在安装环境的影响,很难将应变片粘贴在轴承上,导致该方法不再适用。因此,亟需提供一种更为通用的方法来在线获取轴承服役系统的轴承载荷。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是:现有轴承服役系统的轴承载荷在线获取方法受轴承安装环境的限制,通用性差。
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种轴承服役系统的轴承载荷在线获取方法,其包括:建立所述轴承服役系统的多体动力学模型;基于所述多体动力学模型获得传递函数和逆传递函数;在所述轴承服役系统运行过程中,采集所述轴承服役系统在轴承载荷的激励下产生的响应信号;采用虚拟迭代方法基于所述传递函数和逆传递函数及响应信号,获得所述轴承载荷。
可选地,所述虚拟迭代方法按照下述公式进行,所述轴承载荷为与所述响应信号相吻合的模拟响应信号对应的激励信号;
Un=Un-1+F-1﹡(Y采集-Yn-1)
其中,Un为第n次的激励信号,Un-1为第n-1次的激励信号,F-1为所述多体动力学模型的逆传递函数,Y采集为所述响应信号,Yn-1为第n-1次的模拟响应信号,所述模拟响应信号根据所述激励信号和所述多体动力学模型的传递函数获得,n为大于或等于1的整数,U0=0,Y0=0。
可选地,获得所述传递函数和逆传递函数的方法包括:
向所述多体动力学模型输入噪声信号;
获得所述多体动力学模型在所述噪声信号的激励下产生的输出信号;
根据所述噪声信号和输出信号求得所述传递函数;
对所述传递函数求逆,以获得所述逆传递函数。
可选地,所述噪声信号为粉红噪声信号或白噪声信号。
可选地,所述响应信号为力、加速度或位移。
可选地,利用Adams软件建立所述多体动力学模型。
可选地,利用Adams软件、Simpack软件或Recurdyn软件进行所述虚拟迭代。
可选地,所述轴承载荷为所述轴承的外圈或内圈所受到的力。
可选地,所述轴承服役系统为铁路用轴箱。
另外,本发明还提供了一种轴承寿命评估方法,其包括:利用上述任一所述的轴承载荷在线获取方法获得所述轴承载荷;将所述轴承载荷代入轴承寿命的通用公式,获得所述轴承的寿命。
可选地,所述通用公式为《ISO 281滚动轴承.额定动载荷和额定寿命》制定的轴承寿命计算公式。
再者,本发明还提供了一种轴承服役系统的轴承载荷在线获取装置,其包括:建模模块,用于建立所述轴承服役系统的多体动力学模型;求函数模块,用于基于所述多体动力学模型获得传递函数和逆传递函数;采集模块,用于在所述轴承服役系统运行过程中,采集所述轴承服役系统在轴承载荷的激励下产生的响应信号;获取模块,用于采用基于所述传递函数和逆传递函数及响应信号的虚拟迭代方法获得所述轴承载荷。
可选地,所述获取模块包括:
第一运算单元,用于按照公式Un=Un-1+F-1﹡(Y采集-Yn-1)进行计算,以获得第n次的激励信号,其中,Un为第n次的激励信号,Un-1为第n-1次的激励信号,F-1为所述逆传递函数,Y采集为所述响应信号,Yn-1为第n-1次的模拟响应信号,n为大于或等于1的整数,U0=0,Y0=0;
第二运算单元,用于按照公式Yn=F﹡Un进行计算,以获得第n次的模拟响应信号,Yn为第n次的模拟响应信号,F为所述传递函数;
比较单元,用于将所述第n次的模拟响应信号与轴承服役系统的响应信号进行比较;
输出单元,用于在所述比较单元的比较结果为第n次的模拟响应信号与轴承服役系统的响应信号Y采集相吻合时,将第n次的激励信号作为所述轴承载荷;
所述第一运算单元还用于:在所述比较单元的比较结果为第n次的模拟响应信号与轴承服役系统的响应信号Y采集不吻合时,将n增大1,并重新按照公式Un=Un-1+F-1﹡(Y采集-Yn-1)进行计算。
可选地,所述求函数模块包括:
噪声单元,用于向所述多体动力学模型提供噪声信号以作为激励;
采集单元,用于获得所述多体动力学模型在所述噪声信号的激励下产生的输出信号;
求解单元,用于根据所述噪声信号和输出信号求得所述传递函数;
求逆单元,用于对所述传递函数求逆,以获得所述逆传递函数。
另外,本发明还提供了一种轴承寿命评估装置,其包括:上述任一所述的轴承载荷在线获取装置;计算装置,用于根据所述轴承载荷在线获取装置所获取的轴承载荷以及轴承寿命的通用公式,计算出所述轴承的寿命。
与现有技术相比,本发明的技术方案具有以下优点:
首先,为轴承服役系统建立多体动力学模型。然后,利用轴承服役系统的传递函数、逆传递函数,以及容易采集到的轴承服役系统响应信号进行虚拟迭代,从而得到不易测量的轴承在线载荷。本发明的获取方法用多体动力学模型来对真实的轴承服役系统进行仿真,不仅通用性强,不会破坏轴承服役系统,而且因较少使用硬件而比较节省成本。
图1是本发明的一个实施例中轴承服役系统的轴承载荷在线获取方法流程图。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更为明显易懂,下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例做详细的说明。
本发明所提供的轴承服役系统的轴承载荷在线获取方法中,该轴承服役系统可以是任何使用了轴承的装置。在本实施例中,该轴承服役系统以铁路用的轴箱为例,该轴箱包括转轴、套设在转轴上的轴承以及用来安装轴承的轴承座。下面结合图1对本实施例的轴承载荷在线获取方法做详细介绍。
首先,执行步骤S10,建立轴承服役系统的多体动力学(Multi-body System,简称MBS)模型。
所述多体动力学模型是轴承服役系统的仿真模型,利用该多体动力学模型可以对轴承服役系统进行仿真分析,以获得其动态特性。在本实施例中,利用Adams软件建立多体动力学模型,因为Adams软件具有强大的运动学和动力学分析功能,以及高精度的建模仿真功能。当然,在其它实施例中,也可以利用其它具有建模功能的软件来建立该多体动力学模型。具体地,可以通过结合轴承服役系统的物理模型和轴承服役系统的数学模型来共同建立该多体动力学模型,以保证建立起来的多体动力学模型能够高仿真地模拟轴承服役系统。
在本实施例中,建立起来的多体动力学模型包括轴承服役系统中转轴的模拟零件、轴承服役系统中轴承的模拟零件,以及轴承服役系统中轴承座的模拟零件。
然后,执行步骤S20,基于所述多体动力学模型获得传递函数和逆传递函数。
多体动力学模型的传递函数和逆传递函数均是多体动力学模型本身的一种属性。其中,多体动力学模型的传递函数获取方法包括:生成噪声信号;向多体动力学模型输入噪声信号;获得多体动力学模型在所述噪声信号的激励下产生的输出信号;根据所述噪声信号和输出信号求得传递函数。
噪声信号为用频率和分贝来表征的信号,在本实施例中,噪声信号为粉红噪声信号或白噪声信号,其频率宽度很宽。
获得所述噪声信号和输出信号之后,将噪声信号和输出信号均进行拉普拉斯变换,所述输出信号的拉普拉斯变换与噪声信号的拉普拉斯变换之比即为多体动力学模型的传递函数。获得多体动力学模型的传递函数之后,通过对其求逆,即可获得多体动力学模型的逆传递函数。
然后,执行步骤S30,在轴承服役系统运行过程中,采集所述轴承服役系统在轴承载荷的激励下产生的响应信号。
受轴承结构特性和运动特性的影响,轴承载荷不易直接测量获得,反之,轴承服役系统的响应信号易获得。所述响应信号为轴承服役系统的响应部位在轴承载荷的激励下所产生的运动信号,通过在轴承服役系统的响应部位设置传感器就能容易的采集到。在本实施例中,所述响应信号为力、加速度或位移,轴承服役系统的轴承载荷为轴承的外圈或内圈所受到的力。需说明的是,在其它实施例中,该轴承载荷也可以是轴承中其它部件所受到的力,另外,轴承载荷的表现形式也并不应局限于力,例如,其还可以表现为加速度、位移等与力相关的形式。
在本实施例的变换例中,也可以先执行步骤S30,再执行步骤S10。
最后,执行步骤S40,采用虚拟迭代(virtual iteration)方法基于所述传递函数和逆传递函数及响应信号,获得所述轴承载荷。
在本实施例中,所述虚拟迭代方法按照下述公式进行,所述轴承载荷为与所述响应信号相吻合的模拟响应信号对应的激励信号。通过虚拟迭代,能够不断地让模拟响应信号逼近自轴承服役系统采集到的响应信号,当模拟响应信号与轴承服役系统的响应信号相吻合时,即可将该模拟响应信号所对应的激励信号作为轴承服役系统的轴承载荷。
Un=Un-1+F-1﹡(Y采集-Yn-1),其中,Un为第n次的激励信号,Un-1
为第n-1次的激励信号,F-1为所述多体动力学模型的逆传递函数,Y采集为上述采集到的响应信号,Yn-1为第n-1次的模拟响应信号,所述模拟响应信号根据所述激励信号和所述多体动力学模型的传递函数获得,n为大于或等于1的整数,U0=0,Y0=0。
下面对步骤S40中虚拟迭代的具体迭代过程做详细介绍。
步骤a、将轴承服役系统的响应信号代入上述公式,以求得第一次的激励信号U1,U1=F-1﹡Y采集。
步骤b、将第一次的激励信号U1代入多体动力学模型的传递函数,以求得第一次的模拟响应信号Y1,Y1=F﹡U1,F为传递函数。
步骤c、将第一次的模拟响应信号Y1与轴承服役系统的响应信号Y采集进行比较。当第一次的模拟响应信号Y1与所述响应信号Y采集相吻合时,将第一次的激励信号U1作为轴承服役系统的轴承载荷,迭代结束。否则,继续执行下述步骤d。
步骤d、将n增大1,将第一次的激励信号U1和第一次的模拟响应信号Y1代入上述公式,以获得第二次的激励信号U2,U2=U1+F-1﹡(Y采集-Y1)。
步骤e、将第二次的激励信号U2代入多体动力学模型的传递函数,以求得第二次的模拟响应信号Y2,Y2=F﹡U2。
步骤f、将第二次的模拟响应信号Y2与轴承服役系统的响应信号Y采集进行比较。当第二次的模拟响应信号Y2与所述响应信号Y采集相吻合时,将第二次的激励信号U2作为轴承服役系统的轴承载荷,迭代结束。否则,进行下一次迭代,依次按照上述步骤d、步骤e、步骤f的类似方法执行,以此类推,在此不再赘述。
需说明的是,在本发明的技术方案中,判断模拟响应信号与轴承服役系统的响应信号是否相吻合时,不必严格的定义为只有当模拟响应信号与轴承服役系统的响应信号完全一致时,才认定两者相吻合,只要模拟响应信号与轴承服役系统的响应信号在设定的误差范围内
即可认定两者相吻合。
在本实施例中,上述虚拟迭代的步骤利用Adams软件、Simpack软件或Recurdyn软件进行。当然,在其它实施例中,也可以利用其它工具来进行虚拟迭代。
由上述分析可知,在本发明的轴承载荷在线获取方法中,首先,为轴承服役系统建立多体动力学模型。然后,利用轴承服役系统的传递函数、逆传递函数,以及容易采集到的轴承服役系统响应信号进行虚拟迭代,从而得到不易测量的轴承在线载荷。在虚拟迭代过程中,能够反复地对获得的多体动力学模型的激励信号进行修正,直至多体动力学模型输出的模拟响应信号与轴承服役系统的响应信号相吻合,这样一来,最终修正后的多体动力学模型的激励信号能够作为轴承的载荷。本发明的获取方法用多体动力学模型来对真实的轴承服役系统进行仿真,不仅通用性强,不会破坏轴承服役系统,而且因较少使用硬件而比较节省成本。
需说明的是,在本发明的技术方案中,所述虚拟迭代的方法并不应局限于所给实施例,只要其能反复迭代,将每一次迭代得到的结果作为下一次迭代的初始值,以使响应信号的模拟值逼近响应信号即可。
本实施例还提供一种轴承寿命评估方法,该评估方法可用于评估轴承的疲劳寿命,该方法包括:利用上述方法获得轴承载荷;将轴承载荷代入轴承寿命的通用公式,获得轴承寿命。该通用公式为行业内通用的用于计算轴承寿命的公式。本实施例中,通用公式为《ISO 281滚动轴承.额定动载荷和额定寿命》制定的轴承寿命的通用公式,该通用公式为:
Lnm=a1aISO(C/P)ε
其中,Lnm为轴承的疲劳寿命,a1为可靠度寿命修正系数,aISO为基于润滑、环境、污染物颗粒以及安装等因素的寿命修正系数,aISO=
f(eccu/P,k),ec为污染系数,cu为疲劳载荷极限,k为润滑剂的粘度比,C为额定动载荷,P为根据上述方法获得的轴承载荷,ε为根据轴承的滚动体的类型确定的指数。
现有技术利用上述通用公式来获得轴承寿命时,对于通用公式中的P所采用的均是轴承的等效载荷,由于等效载荷并不能真实反映轴承的真实受力,因此,现有技术所获得的轴承寿命实质上为轴承的等效寿命,并不准确。而本方案对于通用公式中的P所采用的均是轴承的实时载荷,因而利用上述通用公式计算所获得的是轴承的实时寿命,准确性高。
需说明的是,在本发明的技术方案中,上述通用公式也可以采用其它ISO标准所规定的轴承寿命计算公式。
另外,本发明还提供了一种轴承服役系统的轴承载荷在线获取装置,其包括建模模块、求函数模块、采集模块和获取模块。其中,所述建模模块用于建立所述轴承服役系统的多体动力学模型。所述求函数模块用于基于所述多体动力学模型获得传递函数和逆传递函数。所述采集模块用于在所述轴承服役系统运行过程中,采集所述轴承服役系统在轴承载荷的激励下产生的响应信号。所述获取模块用于采用基于所述传递函数和逆传递函数及响应信号的虚拟迭代方法获得所述轴承载荷。
在本实施例中,所述获取模块包括第一运算单元、第二运算单元、比较单元和输出单元。其中,所述第一运算单元用于按照公式Un=Un-1+F-1﹡(Y采集-Yn-1)进行计算,以获得第n次的激励信号,其中,Un为第n次的激励信号,Un-1为第n-1次的激励信号,F-1为所述逆传递函数,Y采集为所述响应信号,Yn-1为第n-1次的模拟响应信号,n为大于或等于1的整数,U0=0,Y0=0。所述第二运算单元,用于按照公式Yn=F﹡Un进行计算,以获得第n次的模拟响应信号,Yn为第n次的模拟响应信号,F为所述传递函数。所述比较单元用于将所述第n次的模拟响应信号与轴承服役系统的响应信号进行比较。所述输
出单元用于在所述比较单元的比较结果为第n次的模拟响应信号与轴承服役系统的响应信号Y采集相吻合时,将第n次的激励信号作为所述轴承载荷。
所述第一运算单元还用于:在所述比较单元的比较结果为第n次的模拟响应信号与轴承服役系统的响应信号Y采集不吻合时,将n增大1,并重新按照公式Un=Un-1+F-1﹡(Y采集-Yn-1)进行计算。
进一步地,在本实施例中,所述求函数模块包括噪声单元、采集单元、求解单元和求逆单元。其中,所述噪声单元用于向所述多体动力学模型提供噪声信号以作为激励。所述采集单元用于获得所述多体动力学模型在所述噪声信号的激励下产生的输出信号。所述求解单元用于根据所述噪声信号和输出信号求得所述传递函数。所述求逆单元用于对所述传递函数求逆,以获得所述逆传递函数。
另外,本发明还提供了一种轴承寿命评估装置,其包括上述轴承载荷在线获取装置和计算装置。其中,所述计算装置用于根据所述轴承载荷在线获取装置所获取的轴承载荷以及轴承寿命的通用公式,计算出所述轴承的寿命。
虽然本发明披露如上,但本发明并非限定于此。任何本领域技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,均可作各种更动与修改,因此本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。
Claims (15)
- 一种轴承服役系统的轴承载荷在线获取方法,其特征在于,包括:建立所述轴承服役系统的多体动力学模型;基于所述多体动力学模型获得传递函数和逆传递函数;在所述轴承服役系统运行过程中,采集所述轴承服役系统在轴承载荷的激励下产生的响应信号;采用虚拟迭代方法基于所述传递函数和逆传递函数及响应信号,获得所述轴承载荷。
- 如权利要求1所述的轴承载荷在线获取方法,其特征在于,所述虚拟迭代方法按照下述公式进行,所述轴承载荷为与所述响应信号相吻合的模拟响应信号对应的激励信号;Un=Un-1+F-1﹡(Y采集-Yn-1)其中,Un为第n次的激励信号,Un-1为第n-1次的激励信号,F-1为所述多体动力学模型的逆传递函数,Y采集为所述响应信号,Yn-1为第n-1次的模拟响应信号,所述模拟响应信号根据所述激励信号和所述多体动力学模型的传递函数获得,n为大于或等于1的整数,U0=0,Y0=0。
- 如权利要求1所述的轴承载荷在线获取方法,其特征在于,获得所述传递函数和逆传递函数的方法包括:向所述多体动力学模型输入噪声信号;获得所述多体动力学模型在所述噪声信号的激励下产生的输出信号;根据所述噪声信号和输出信号求得所述传递函数;对所述传递函数求逆,以获得所述逆传递函数。
- 如权利要求3所述的轴承载荷在线获取方法,其特征在于,所述 噪声信号为粉红噪声信号或白噪声信号。
- 如权利要求1所述的轴承载荷在线获取方法,其特征在于,所述响应信号为力、加速度或位移。
- 如权利要求1至5任一项所述的轴承载荷在线获取方法,其特征在于,利用Adams软件建立所述多体动力学模型。
- 如权利要求1至5任一项所述的轴承载荷在线获取方法,其特征在于,利用Adams软件、Simpack软件或Recurdyn软件进行所述虚拟迭代。
- 如权利要求1至5任一项所述的轴承载荷在线获取方法,其特征在于,所述轴承载荷为所述轴承的外圈或内圈所受到的力。
- 如权利要求1至5任一项所述的轴承载荷在线获取方法,其特征在于,所述轴承服役系统为铁路用轴箱。
- 一种轴承寿命评估方法,其特征在于,包括:利用权利要求1至9任一项所述的轴承载荷在线获取方法获得所述轴承载荷;将所述轴承载荷代入轴承寿命的通用公式,获得所述轴承的寿命。
- 如权利要求10所述的轴承寿命评估方法,其特征在于,所述通用公式为《ISO281滚动轴承.额定动载荷和额定寿命》制定的轴承寿命计算公式。
- 一种轴承服役系统的轴承载荷在线获取装置,其特征在于,包括:建模模块,用于建立所述轴承服役系统的多体动力学模型;求函数模块,用于基于所述多体动力学模型获得传递函数和逆传递函数;采集模块,用于在所述轴承服役系统运行过程中,采集所述轴承 服役系统在轴承载荷的激励下产生的响应信号;获取模块,用于采用基于所述传递函数和逆传递函数及响应信号的虚拟迭代方法获得所述轴承载荷。
- 如权利要求12所述的轴承服役系统的轴承载荷在线获取装置,其特征在于,所述获取模块包括:第一运算单元,用于按照公式Un=Un-1+F-1﹡(Y采集-Yn-1)进行计算,以获得第n次的激励信号,其中,Un为第n次的激励信号,Un-1为第n-1次的激励信号,F-1为所述逆传递函数,Y采集为所述响应信号,Yn-1为第n-1次的模拟响应信号,n为大于或等于1的整数,U0=0,Y0=0;第二运算单元,用于按照公式Yn=F﹡Un进行计算,以获得第n次的模拟响应信号,Yn为第n次的模拟响应信号,F为所述传递函数;比较单元,用于将所述第n次的模拟响应信号与轴承服役系统的响应信号进行比较;输出单元,用于在所述比较单元的比较结果为第n次的模拟响应信号与轴承服役系统的响应信号Y采集相吻合时,将第n次的激励信号作为所述轴承载荷;所述第一运算单元还用于:在所述比较单元的比较结果为第n次的模拟响应信号与轴承服役系统的响应信号Y采集不吻合时,将n增大1,并重新按照公式Un=Un-1+F-1﹡(Y采集-Yn-1)进行计算。
- 如权利要求12所述的轴承服役系统的轴承载荷在线获取装置,其特征在于,所述求函数模块包括:噪声单元,用于向所述多体动力学模型提供噪声信号以作为激励;采集单元,用于获得所述多体动力学模型在所述噪声信号的激励下产生的输出信号;求解单元,用于根据所述噪声信号和输出信号求得所述传递函数;求逆单元,用于对所述传递函数求逆,以获得所述逆传递函数。
- 一种轴承寿命评估装置,其特征在于,包括:权利要求12至14任一项所述的轴承载荷在线获取装置;计算装置,用于根据所述轴承载荷在线获取装置所获取的轴承载荷以及轴承寿命的通用公式,计算出所述轴承的寿命。
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