WO2018049776A1 - 沙漠造水系统 - Google Patents

沙漠造水系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018049776A1
WO2018049776A1 PCT/CN2017/070115 CN2017070115W WO2018049776A1 WO 2018049776 A1 WO2018049776 A1 WO 2018049776A1 CN 2017070115 W CN2017070115 W CN 2017070115W WO 2018049776 A1 WO2018049776 A1 WO 2018049776A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
water
permeable
tarpaulin
laying
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/070115
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈瑞文
Original Assignee
陈瑞文
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 陈瑞文 filed Critical 陈瑞文
Priority to AU2017327950A priority Critical patent/AU2017327950B2/en
Priority to MA45331A priority patent/MA45331B1/fr
Priority to MX2019003047A priority patent/MX2019003047A/es
Publication of WO2018049776A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018049776A1/zh
Priority to IL265432A priority patent/IL265432A/en
Priority to ZA201901697A priority patent/ZA201901697B/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
    • E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
    • E01C11/225—Paving specially adapted for through-the-surfacing drainage, e.g. perforated, porous; Preformed paving elements comprising, or adapted to form, passageways for carrying off drainage
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
    • E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
    • E01C11/225—Paving specially adapted for through-the-surfacing drainage, e.g. perforated, porous; Preformed paving elements comprising, or adapted to form, passageways for carrying off drainage
    • E01C11/226—Coherent pavings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
    • E01C9/001—Paving elements formed in situ; Permanent shutterings therefor ; Inlays or reinforcements which divide the cast material in a great number of individual units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
    • E01C9/002—Coverings, the surface of which consists partly of prefabricated units and partly of sections made in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
    • E01C9/004—Pavings specially adapted for allowing vegetation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/28—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from humid air
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
    • E03F1/002—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water with disposal into the ground, e.g. via dry wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
    • E03F1/002—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water with disposal into the ground, e.g. via dry wells
    • E03F1/005—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water with disposal into the ground, e.g. via dry wells via box-shaped elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a desert water-making system built on the surface pavement, in particular to a pavement structure design with automatic condensing water-making effect, and is particularly suitable for a tropical desert climate region with large temperature difference between day and night and less rain.
  • the present inventors have focused on the needs of the above-mentioned desert areas, and have actively developed and improved the weather characteristics with large temperature difference between day and night, and designed a water-making system that is highly suitable for use in the region.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a desert water-making system built on the surface pavement, which not only allows the rainwater to be quickly infiltrated for further storage, but also utilizes the condensation effect to achieve power-free automatic water-making for the purpose of utilization. .
  • the desert water-making system constructed by the present invention is constructed by artificial surface paving, and is laid by laying layers combined with a water-permeable layer from bottom to top, and the laying layer is provided with a sandy layer. , which is characterized by:
  • the sandy layer is covered on the sandy layer with a lock wet cloth for preventing evaporation of water vapor;
  • the tarpaulin is laid over the lock wet cloth and arranged under the water permeable layer;
  • the water permeable layer is disposed above the sandy layer by a plurality of hollow water permeable pipes, and the bottom end of the water pipe is directly inserted through the tarpaulin and embedded in the sand layer, and is disposed on the periphery of the plurality of hollow water pipes Infused with concrete slurry to form a permeable layer with drainage effect;
  • a desert water-making system is constructed by artificial surface paving, and is laid by laying layers combined with a water-permeable layer from bottom to top, and the laying layer is provided with a first-level matching layer, which is characterized by:
  • the grading layer is provided with a lock wet cloth for preventing evaporation of moisture in the gradation layer;
  • the tarpaulin is laid over the lock wet cloth and arranged under the water permeable layer;
  • the water permeable layer is disposed above the gradation layer by a plurality of hollow water permeable pipes, and the bottom end of the permeable water pipe is directly inserted through the tarpaulin and embedded in the gradation layer, and is disposed on the periphery of the plurality of hollow water permeable pipes Infused with concrete slurry to form a permeable layer with drainage effect;
  • a desert water-making system is constructed by artificial surface paving, and is laid by a laying layer combined with a water-permeable layer from the bottom to the top, and the laying layer is provided with a sandy layer and a first-level matching layer, wherein :
  • the sandy layer is covered on the sandy layer with a lock wet cloth for preventing evaporation of water vapor;
  • the grading layer is laid on the sand cloth, and the grading layer is lined with a tarpaulin;
  • the water permeable layer is disposed above the gradation layer by a plurality of hollow water permeable pipes, and the tarpaulin at the bottom end of the permeable pipe directly penetrating the inside of the grading layer is erected and embedded in the gradation layer, and is disposed in a plurality of hollow shapes.
  • the pervious water pipe is filled with concrete slurry to form a water-permeable layer with drainage effect;
  • the effective gain of the invention lies in that when the rainwater reaches the ground, the rainwater is quickly infiltrated into the ground by the water pipe and stored in the water tank for utilization; in addition, the weather characteristics with large temperature difference between day and night can be utilized to cool the night at low temperature.
  • the air is introduced into the tarpaulin of the laying layer through the water permeable pipe, and the condensing effect is applied to the bottom surface of the tarpaulin to condense into condensed water, thereby achieving the effect of avoiding power consumption and automatic condensing and water-making; and further infiltrating the water produced by the condensation to penetrate Stored in the bottom tank for reuse.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a desert water making system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic exploded view of the structure of the water permeable layer frame of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic view showing the construction and installation of a pervious layer grass planting box according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the desert water making system of the present invention.
  • FIG 4 is another cross-sectional view of the desert water making system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a view showing an exemplary application of the implementation of the desert water making system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a view showing an example of the construction of a heat pipe in the soil layer of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a view showing another embodiment of the water permeable layer of the present invention.
  • Figure 7a is a partially enlarged schematic view of the embodiment of Figure 7 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of Figure 7 of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is another cross-sectional view of the embodiment of Figure 7 of the present invention.
  • the desert water-making system of the present invention is constructed on the ground as a water-permeable paving structure, which is formed by laying a layer and a water-permeable layer from bottom to top, and is formed on the ground.
  • the water-making system of the embodiment in the figure comprises a sand layer 10 and a first layer 20 from the bottom to the top, and is combined with a water-permeable layer 30.
  • the sand layer 10 is pre-embedded with a water tank 11 in the interior thereof, and a plurality of through holes 12 are arranged above the water tank 11, and the top surface of the through hole 12 is covered with a sand blocking member such as a non-woven fabric 13 to block the sand.
  • Granules, and rainwater or condensed water is infiltrated into the bottom tank 11 for storage, and the sand layer 10 is covered with a layer of lock wet cloth 14, which has a water flow backwarding action, which allows the water to seep into the lock After the sandy layer 10 below the wet cloth 14, the formation retains moisture, which can effectively prevent the upward evaporation of moisture.
  • the grading layer 20 is provided with a tarpaulin 21 in the middle, and is laid over the lock wet cloth 14 of the sandy layer 10, so that the tarpaulin 21 and the lock wet cloth 14 are interspersed with the gradation layer 20 earth, and the gradation
  • the layer 20 can be made of local earthwork, or general road engineering grade materials, including materials such as sand or clay or gravel or mixed permeable concrete, and can be mixed with other environmentally friendly materials. Laying with other elements.
  • the water permeable layer 30 is a water permeable paving structure, and a plurality of hollow water permeable pipes 31 are erected above the grading layer 20, and the bottom end of the water permeable pipe 31 directly penetrates the tarpaulin 21 of the grading layer 20 to make the water permeable.
  • the opening at the bottom end of the tube 31 is inserted into the gradation layer 20 below the tarpaulin 21, and is poured into the periphery of the plurality of hollow permeable pipes 31 by concrete slurry 37 to construct a water permeable layer 30 having drainage effect.
  • the water permeable pipe 31 can be constructed by a combination of the upper connecting frame 32 and the lower connecting frame 33 to form a frame structure and disposed above the grading layer 20, and the top end of the water permeable pipe 31
  • a plug cover template 34 is provided which is matched with the position of the pipe body, and the plug cover plate 34 is removed after the concrete slurry 37 is poured.
  • the water pipe 31 is provided with a retracted section 312 at the upper end of the pipe body, and a snap ring 313 and a bevel pin 314 are disposed adjacent to the bottom end, and the upper link frame 32 and the lower link frame 33 are a frame having a plurality of hollow slots, and a plurality of collars 321 for arranging the water-permeable pipe 31 section 312 under the peripheral frame of the upper frame 32, and each of the rings 321 is provided with a short through
  • the tube 322 is further configured to block the respective water permeable pipes 31 in order to prevent the construction of the concrete slurry 37.
  • the bottom surface of the plug cover template 34 is further provided with a plurality of plug bodies 341 which can be closely adhered to the inner edges of the short tubes 322, and the lower connecting frame 33 is hollowed out.
  • a ring body 331 is provided for sliding the bottom end of the water pipe 31 and being fastened by the snap ring 313 and the bevel pin 314 to avoid sliding when the concrete slurry 37 is applied, and the lower link frame.
  • the inside of the 33 hollow groove is further provided with ribs 332 for strength connection.
  • the desert water-making system constructed by the present invention may be separately laid from the bottom layer by the aforementioned sand layer combined with the above-mentioned water-permeable layer; or may be combined with the aforementioned permeable layer by the aforementioned gradation layer alone.
  • the layer is laid from bottom to top, and different implementation methods are also included in the patent scope of the present invention.
  • the sand layer alone or the above-mentioned gradation layer is separately formed, the above-mentioned permeable layer is constructed.
  • the sand layer or the gradation layer shown may be embedded with a water tank 11 in the interior, and a plurality of through holes 12 are arranged above the water tank 11, and the top surface of each of the through holes 12 is covered with a sand blocking member such as a non-woven fabric 13.
  • the sand can be blocked and the rainwater or condensed water can be infiltrated into the bottom water tank 11 for storage for reuse.
  • the present invention can also be provided with a straw-shaped grass planting box 35 in the hollow groove of the upper connecting frame 32 and the lower connecting frame 33, and the grass setting box 35 is provided above the planting box 35.
  • a corresponding corresponding cover 36 disposed in the plug cover template 34, and the plug cover template 34 and the cover 36 are removed after the concrete slurry 37 is poured and formed, and selectively (when the planting basket size is set) When it is large, the soil is filled in the grass box 35, and green turf or the like is planted to complete the construction of the water permeable layer 30.
  • the planted grass box 35 is small in size and does not hinder the footsteps of the personnel or the tires of the vehicle, it is not necessary to cover the grass in the grass box 35, so that the dust can directly enter the grass box and the native plants can be directly planted.
  • the box 35 naturally grows out and can also achieve the effect of greening.
  • the pavement pipe 31 can be used to quickly introduce rainwater into the lower gradation layer 20, and then infiltrated into the lower sand layer 10, and infiltrated into the water tank 11 for storage.
  • Environmentally-friendly recycling can not only effectively form water resources, but also enable the ground to obtain effective and rapid drainage functions to reduce the area of water, and also to supplement the moisture and moisture of the ground to maintain the soil in the grass box 35. The degree of moisture, and the nutrients available to the soil, make the plants in the grass box 35 grow more lush.
  • the desert water-making system of the present invention mainly utilizes the desert climate characteristic with large temperature difference between day and night, and the surface of the ground layer receives high-temperature sunshine during the day at night, so that the temperature inside the laying layer and the external temperature are generated in the permeable layer 30.
  • the height difference is higher or lower than the ambient temperature on the ground. Therefore, the water pipe 31 can be used to naturally guide the cold air downward under the tarpaulin 21 in the gradation layer 20, and the condensation effect is used to extract the water in the air.
  • the condensed water is condensed on the bottom surface of the tarpaulin 21 to achieve the effect of automatic condensation and water production.
  • the present invention is implemented by the sand layer 10 combined with the water permeable layer 30 from the bottom up; or the permeable layer 20 is combined with the water permeable layer 30 from the bottom up, and the bottom end of each of the permeable pipes 31 is directly penetrated.
  • the tarpaulin 21 of the sand layer or the gradation layer is such that the opening portion at the bottom end of the water permeable pipe 31 is inserted into the sand layer or the gradation layer below the tarpaulin 21, and the condensed water can be condensed on the bottom surface of the tarpaulin 21 as well. Automatic energy-free energy-saving effect.
  • the present invention can further add a heat pipe 311 (or heat pipe) above the lock wet cloth 14 under the waterproof cloth 21 .
  • the heat pipe is a special material with fast uniform temperature characteristics, wherein the empty metal
  • the tube body has the characteristics of light weight, and its rapid average temperature characteristic makes the heat pipe 311 have excellent thermal superconducting performance; the heat pipe 311 is disposed under the tarpaulin 21 and the laying layer between the damper cloth 14
  • the laying layer may be composed of a sand layer alone or a grading layer alone, and the extending leg of the heat pipe 311 is inserted into the bottom soil by inserting the wet cloth 14 to achieve a natural bottom.
  • the temperature is directed upwards to achieve the role of rapid temperature heat conduction; so that when the temperature of the desert atmospheric environment is suddenly cooled at night, the soil temperature of the 'higher' soil of the underground soil can be guided upward through the heat pipe 311, or when the temperature of the desert atmosphere is hot during the daytime.
  • the heat pipe 311 Through the heat pipe 311, the soil temperature of the 'lower' soil of the underground soil can be guided upward, so that the temperature difference between the cold and the hot in the laying layer between the tarpaulin 21 and the lock wet cloth 14 is obvious, and a more efficient cold and hot temperature is formed.
  • the fresh water condensate effect is caused by the soil temperature of the 'higher' soil of the underground soil.
  • FIG. 7 to FIG. 9 is another embodiment of the desert water-making system of the present invention, which is also constructed by laying a layer and a water-permeable layer from bottom to top, and comprising a laying layer from bottom to top.
  • the sandy layer 10 and the primary layer 20 are combined with a water permeable layer 30.
  • the laying layer may be composed of a sand layer alone or a grading layer alone, and the same may be adopted by combining the sand layer 10 with the water permeable layer 30 or the grading layer 20 with the water permeable layer 30. Bottom up laying.
  • the water permeable layer 30 is mainly provided with a frame structure, and the frame structure can be separately provided with the water permeable pipe 31a, or the casing 39 alone, or the water permeable pipe 31a and the casing 39 are provided at the same time.
  • the top of the water pipe 31a is closed, and is disposed at a proper interval and is directly disposed on a bottom plate 38.
  • the bottom of the pipe 31a extends downwardly and protrudes from the bottom plate 38, and is adjacent to the side of the pipe body.
  • a plurality of openings 39 facing downwardly are protruded from the bottom plate 38, and a breakthrough structure is formed on the top plate of the water pipe 31a and the top of the casing 39 to form a frame structure and is arranged above the gradation layer 20.
  • the bottom end opening of the water permeable pipe 31 is directly inserted and embedded under the tarpaulin 21, or the bottom end opening of the water permeable pipe 31 is disposed above the tarpaulin 21, and the figure is ignored, and concrete is applied to the frame structure.
  • the slurry 37 is infused, and after the completion of the concrete slurry filling 37, the breakthrough structure at the top is broken, and the water permeable with the drainage (as shown in Fig.
  • the grass box function (shown in Fig. 9) can be constructed.
  • Layer 30 Thereby, the rainwater can be quickly introduced into the bottom of the ground through the water permeable pipe 31a and infiltrated into the water tank 11 for later environmental protection recycling, effectively collecting water resources, and also supplementing the moisture and moisture of the ground to maintain the box.
  • the soil moisture in the body 39 is available for its nutrients, and the growth of the plants is more lush.
  • the breakthrough structure of the above-mentioned frame material structure refers to the top state in which the closed top is easily opened by using a simple hand tool, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the breakthrough structure includes a top plate system. It has a thin and thin sheet-like structure, and is easy to be broken when it is easily processed, or a circular groove 391 is arranged on the top of the plate body, as shown in Fig. 7a, when the pressure is applied, the top plate body can be easily broken and taken out. .
  • the groove 391 can also be disposed on the bottom surface of the top plate body, that is, the position where the water pipe 31a and the inner wall of the casing 39 meet the top plate, and the same effect can be obtained.
  • the present invention can indeed achieve the intended purpose, and can fully exert the actual benefits, and enhance the industrial use value, has indeed met the requirements of the patent application, and filed a patent application according to law.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)

Abstract

一种沙漠造水系统，为针对沙漠气候地区所设计而建置于地表铺面的造水系统，主要包括设有一预埋有水箱的沙质层(10)，该沙质层(10)上覆盖有一锁湿布(14)，锁湿布(14)上方铺设有一级配层(20)，并于该级配层(20)内部衬设有一防水布(21)，且级配层(20)上方布设有多个中空状的透水管(31)，透水管(31)底端直接贯穿防水布(21)而直立地插埋于级配层(20)中，并施以混凝土浆灌注而建构成一透水层(30)；借此，不仅可快速将雨水渗透至沙质层(10)中储存以供后续利用，同时亦可将空气导入级配层(20)中，并利用冷凝效应于防水布(21)底面凝结成冷凝水，达到自动造水的功效。

Description

沙漠造水系统 技术领域
本发明是有关于一种建置于地表铺面的沙漠造水系统，尤指一种具有自动冷凝造水功效的铺面结构设计，特别适用于日、夜温差大且雨水少的热带沙漠气候地区。
背景技术
地球约有71%的表面是覆盖在水下，但于总水量中淡水约只占2.5%，而最方便也最可能被人类运用的淡水量尚不及其1%，且工业的发展和人口的激增，使得人类对淡水的需求相对增加，再加上生态的破坏及环境的污染，让水资源变成一个极为重要的全球议题，而在世界许多地方，对水的需求已经超过水资源所能负荷的程度，倘若再不采取任何措施的话，将陷入严重的缺水危机，恐造成巨大灾难，以致于作物无法收成，生态系统崩坏，疾病和贫困问题皆可能进一步恶化，因此当务之急不仅须善用并节约的珍惜水资源，同时亦重视天然水资源的开发利用，共同推动永续发展的水资源建设更是刻不容缓。
而针对不同地区所面临的水资源状况亦不大相同，如热带沙漠气候地区，因年雨量少甚至可能多年无雨，且日夜温差大，白天日照强、气温高、湿度小以及风大，故土壤水份蒸发相当快速，导致该等地区经常处于水源匮乏状态，因此水资源的开发更为极其需要。
有鉴于此，本发明人乃针对上述沙漠地区的需求，并利用其日夜温差大的气候特性，积极研发改进，设计一种极适合该地区的造水系统以供利用。
发明内容
因此，本发明的主要目的在于提供一种建置于地表铺面的沙漠造水系统，不仅可让雨水快速下渗进一步储存，同时亦能利用冷凝效应达到免耗电自动造水以供利用的目的。
为达上述目的，本发明所建置的沙漠造水系统，为由人工地表铺面所建置而成，由铺设层结合一透水层由下而上所铺设而成，铺设层设有一沙质层，其特征在于：
该沙质层，于沙质层上覆盖有一防止水气蒸发的锁湿布；
该防水布，铺设于锁湿布上方，且布置于透水层的下方；
该透水层，通过多个中空状的透水管布设于沙质层上方，而透水管底端直接贯穿防水布直立地插埋于沙质层中设置，并于多个中空状的透水管周缘施以混凝土浆灌注，进而建构成具排水功效的透水层；
借此，不仅将雨水渗透至底层，同时亦将空气直接导入防水布下方的铺设层中，并利用冷凝效应于防水布底面凝结成冷凝水，达到自动造水的功效。
一种沙漠造水系统，为由人工地表铺面所建置而成，由铺设层结合一透水层由下而上所铺设而成，铺设层设有一级配层，其特征在于：
该级配层，于级配层设有一防止水气蒸发的锁湿布；
该防水布，铺设于锁湿布上方，且布置于透水层的下方；
该透水层，通过多个中空状的透水管布设于级配层上方，而透水管底端直接贯穿防水布直立地插埋于级配层中设置，并于多个中空状的透水管周缘施以混凝土浆灌注，进而建构成具排水功效的透水层；
借此，不仅将雨水渗透至底层，同时亦将空气直接导入防水布下方的铺设层中，并利用冷凝效应于防水布底面凝结成冷凝水，达到自动造水的功效。
一种沙漠造水系统，为由人工地表铺面所建置而成，由铺设层结合一透水层由下而上所铺设而成，铺设层设有一沙质层及一级配层，其特征在于：
该沙质层，于沙质层上覆盖有一防止水气蒸发的锁湿布；
该级配层，铺设于沙质层的锁湿布上方，且该级配层衬设有一防水布；
该透水层，通过多个中空状的透水管布设于级配层上方，而透水管底端直接贯穿级配层内部的防水布直立地插埋于级配层中设置，并于多个中空状的透水管周缘施以混凝土浆灌注，进而建构成具排水功效的透水层；
借此，不仅将雨水渗透至底层，同时亦将空气直接导入防水布下方的铺设层中，并利用冷凝效应于防水布底面凝结成冷凝水，达到自动造水的功效。
本发明的有效增益在于当雨水下到地面时，利用透水管将雨水快速渗透至地底，并储存于水箱中以供利用；此外，亦可利用日夜温差大的气侯特性，将夜晚低温的冷空气通过透水管导入铺设层的防水布下方，并应用冷凝效应于防水布底面凝结成冷凝水，进而达到免耗电自动冷凝造水的功效；且更能进一步使冷凝作用所制造的水渗透至底层水箱中储存以供再利用。
本发明的其它特点及具体实施例可于以下配合附图的详细说明中，进一步了解。
附图说明
图１为本发明沙漠造水系统的立体示意图。
图２为本发明透水层架体结构的构造分解示意图。
图２a为本发明透水层植草盒构造安装示意图。
图３为本发明沙漠造水系统的剖视图。
图４为本发明沙漠造水系统另一剖视图。
图５为本发明沙漠造水系统实施应用示范例图。
图６为本发明于地底土壤层加设热导管实施范例图。
图７为本发明透水层的另一实施范例图。
图７a为本发明图７实施例的局部放大示意图。
图８为本发明图７实施例的剖视图。
图９为本发明图７实施例的另一剖视图。
具体实施方式
请参图１～图３所示，本发明的沙漠造水系统建置于地面为一透水铺面结构，由铺设层结合一透水层由下而上所铺设而成，包含建置于地面形成为一透水铺面的结构，图中实施例造水系统由下而上包括铺设层设有一沙质层10、一级配层20，以结合一透水层30所构成。
该沙质层10，铺设时于内部预先埋设有水箱11，于水箱11上方设有多个的透孔12，透孔12顶面则设有拦沙元件例如不织布13所覆盖，可阻挡住沙粒，而供雨水或冷凝水渗入底层水箱11中储存供再利用，且于沙质层10上覆盖有一层锁湿布14，该锁湿布14具有水分流向逆止作用，可令水下渗至锁湿布14下方的沙质层10后并使地层留住水份，能有效防止水气的向上蒸发。
该级配层20，于中间衬设有一防水布21，并铺设于沙质层10的锁湿布14上方，使防水布21与锁湿布14间介隔着级配层20土方，而该级配层20可采用当地现地土方，或一般道路工程级配材料，包括设有砂石或泥土或碎石或混合透水混凝土等材料，亦可混掺其它对环境无害可作为铺设物的级配料等元素而铺设。
该透水层30，为一透水铺面结构，为将多个中空状的透水管31直立的布设于级配层20上方，且透水管31底端直接贯穿级配层20的防水布21，令透水管31底端的开口部插埋于防水布21下方的级配层20中，于多个中空状的透水管31周缘并施以混凝土浆37灌注以建构成一具有排水功效的透水层30。
此外，本较佳实施例中，该透水管31更可通过上连结架32、下连结架33的结合，而建构成一架体结构而布设于级配层20上方，且透水管31顶端盖设有与管体位置相互搭配的塞盖模板34，待混凝土浆37灌注成型后再将该塞盖模板34移除。而其中所述的透水管31于管体上端设有一内缩的阶级段312，且邻近底端处则设有卡环313及斜面卡榫314，而上连结架32、下连结架33则为具有多个镂空槽的框架，并于上连结架32镂空槽周缘板体下方设有多个可供透水管31阶级段312套置的套环321，且各套环321上方设有贯通的短管322，又为了免施工灌注混凝土浆37堵塞各透水管31，因此于塞盖模板34底面更设有多个可密合于短管322内缘的塞体341，另下连结架33于镂空槽周缘对应处设有环体331，可供透水管31底端滑入并通过卡环313及斜面卡榫314的卡合固定，以避免施灌混凝土浆37时造成滑动，另于下连结架33镂空槽内部更设有肋条332作强度上的连结。
本发明所建置的沙漠造水系统，另外亦可采单独由前述的沙质层结合前述的透水层由下而上铺设而成；或亦可采单独由前述的级配层结合前述的透水层由下而上铺设而成，其不同的实施方法亦包括于本发明的专利范围中，当单独由前述的沙质层或单独由前述的级配层，进而与前述的透水层铺设建构成本发明时，所示的沙质层或级配层于内部可预先埋设有一水箱11，于水箱11上方设有多个透孔12，各透孔12顶面设有拦沙元件例如不织布13所覆盖，可阻挡住沙粒而供雨水或冷凝水渗入底层水箱11中储存供再利用，合先陈明。
请再参图２ａ、图４、５图所示，本发明亦可于上连结架32、下连结架33的镂空槽内设置有呈透空状的植草盒35，而植草盒35上方则设有直接对应的设置于该塞盖模板34中的盒盖36，待混凝土浆37灌注成型后再将塞盖模板34及盒盖36予以拆除，并选择性的(当所设制的植草盒尺寸较大时)于植草盒35内填置土壤，并种植绿化的草皮等，以完成该透水层30的建构。若当所设制的植草盒35尺寸较小且不防碍人员脚底踩踏或车辆轮胎辗压时，则可不必覆土于植草盒35内，可让尘土直接进入植草盒而让原生植物直接由植草盒35内自然长出，亦可达到绿化的功效。
借此，当地面降下大量雨水时，则可应用该铺面透水管31迅速将雨水导入下方级配层20，再进而下渗至更下方沙质层10中，并渗入水箱11内储存以供后续环保再生利用，不仅可有效形成水资源的搜集，且亦可使地面获得有效快速排水的功能，以减少地面积水，同时亦能补充地底的湿气及水份，以保持植草盒35内土壤湿润度，并可供予其土壤的养份，令植草盒35内植物生长得更加茂盛。
另，本发明的沙漠造水系统最主要为利用日夜温差大的沙漠气侯特性，于夜晚时因地表面受到白天的高温日照，使得透水层30透水铺面结构以下铺设层内温度与外界温度产生高低差，如高于或低于地面上外界环境温度，因此可利用透水管31，自然地将冷空气向下导入级配层20内的防水布21下方，并应用冷凝效应汲取空气中的水份，而于防水布21底面凝结成冷凝水，进而达到自动冷凝造水的功效。
而本发明如单独由沙质层10结合透水层30由下而上铺设方式实施；或单独由级配层20结合透水层30由下而上铺设方式实施，各透水管31底端一样直接贯穿沙质层或级配层的防水布21，令透水管31底端的开口部插埋于防水布21下方的沙质层或级配层中，同样可达到于防水布21底面凝结成冷凝水，自动免耗费能源即可造水的功效。
请参图６所示，本发明更可于防水布21下方该锁湿布14上方增设有热导管311（或称热管），热导管是一种具有快速均温特性的特殊材料，其中空的金属管体，使其具有质轻的特点，而其快速均温的特性，则使热导管311具有优异的热超导性能；将热导管311布置于防水布21下方与锁湿布14间的铺设层中，该铺设层可单独由沙质层构成，或单独由级配层构成，再使热导管311的延伸脚杆穿过锁湿布14而插置入更底下的地底土壤中，达到将天然地底温度向上引导作用，达到能够快速温度热传导的角色；使得当夜晚沙漠大气环境温度骤冷时，通过热导管311可引导地底土壤'较高'的土壤温度向上，或当白天沙漠大气环境温度炎热时，通过热导管311可引导地底土壤'较低'的土壤温度向上，使得防水布21下方与锁湿布14间的铺设层中冷热温差现象明显，形成更高效的冷热温差冷凝造水作用。
请再参图７～图９所，为本发明沙漠造水系统的另一实施例，也是由铺设层结合一透水层由下而上所铺设而成，其由下而上包括铺设层设有一沙质层10、一级配层20，以结合一透水层30所构成。另于实施时，该铺设层可单独由沙质层构成，或单独由级配层构成，同样的亦可采单独由沙质层10结合透水层30或由级配层20结合透水层30由下而上的铺设。而本实施例主要为将该透水层30设有一框料架构，框料架构可单独设有透水管31a，或单独设有盒体39，或同时设有透水管31a及盒体39，所述的透水管31a顶部设呈封闭状，并以适当间距呈间隔状的直接设于一底板38上，且该透水管31a管体底部向下延伸穿凸于底板38，另于管体旁侧的底板38上方凸设多个开口朝下的盒体39，又于透水管31a与盒体39顶部板体处皆设有突破结构，以建构成一框料架构并布设于级配层20上方，同时使透水管31底端开口部直接贯穿而插埋于防水布21下方，或使透水管31底端开口部设于防水布21上方，图无视出，再于该框料架构上施以混凝土浆37灌注，并待混凝土浆灌37注完成后，再将其顶部的突破结构予以击破，即可建构成具排水(如图８所示)及植草盒功效(如图９所示)的透水层30。借此，则可通过透水管31a迅速将雨水导入地底下方并渗入水箱11内储存以供后续环保再生利用，有效形成水资源的搜集，同时亦能补充地底的湿气及水份，以保持盒体39内土壤湿润度及可供予其养份，而令植物生长的生长更加茂盛。
再者，上述框料架构的突破结构为指的是容易应用简单手工器具将封闭的顶部施工成开放状的顶部态样，如图８、图９所示，此突破结构包括可将顶部板体制呈较薄的薄页状结构，而易于二次加工时轻易击破，或板体顶部设有循环状凹槽391，如图７a所示，当于施压时即可轻易击破顶部板体而取出。另外，亦可将凹槽391设于顶部板体底面，即透水管31a与盒体39内壁与顶板交界处位置，同样的可获得相同的功效。
综上所述，本发明确实可达预期的目的，并可充份发挥实际的效益，且增进产业上的利用价值，确已符合专利申请的要件，依法提出专利申请。
惟以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，当不能以此限定本发明实施的范围；故，凡依本发明申请专利范围及发明说明书内容所作简单的等效变化与修饰，皆应仍属本发明专利涵盖的范围内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种沙漠造水系统，为由人工地表铺面所建置而成，由铺设层结合一透水层由下而上所铺设而成，铺设层设有一沙质层，其特征在于：
    该沙质层，于沙质层上覆盖有一防止水气蒸发的锁湿布；
    该防水布，铺设于锁湿布上方，且布置于透水层的下方；
    该透水层，通过多个中空状的透水管布设于沙质层上方，而透水管底端直接贯穿防水布直立地插埋于沙质层中设置，并于多个中空状的透水管周缘施以混凝土浆灌注，进而建构成具排水功效的透水层；
    借此，不仅将雨水渗透至底层，同时亦将空气直接导入防水布下方的铺设层中，并利用冷凝效应于防水布底面凝结成冷凝水，达到自动造水的功效。
  2. 一种沙漠造水系统，为由人工地表铺面所建置而成，由铺设层结合一透水层由下而上所铺设而成，铺设层设有一级配层，其特征在于：
    该级配层，于级配层设有一防止水气蒸发的锁湿布；
    该防水布，铺设于锁湿布上方，且布置于透水层的下方；
    该透水层，通过多个中空状的透水管布设于级配层上方，而透水管底端直接贯穿防水布直立地插埋于级配层中设置，并于多个中空状的透水管周缘施以混凝土浆灌注，进而建构成具排水功效的透水层；
    借此，不仅将雨水渗透至底层，同时亦将空气直接导入防水布下方的铺设层中，并利用冷凝效应于防水布底面凝结成冷凝水，达到自动造水的功效。
  3. 一种沙漠造水系统，为由人工地表铺面所建置而成，由铺设层结合一透水层由下而上所铺设而成，铺设层设有一沙质层及一级配层，其特征在于：
    该沙质层，于沙质层上覆盖有一防止水气蒸发的锁湿布；
    该级配层，铺设于沙质层的锁湿布上方，且该级配层衬设有一防水布；
    该透水层，通过多个中空状的透水管布设于级配层上方，而透水管底端直接贯穿级配层内部的防水布直立地插埋于级配层中设置，并于多个中空状的透水管周缘施以混凝土浆灌注，进而建构成具排水功效的透水层；
    借此，不仅将雨水渗透至底层，同时亦将空气直接导入防水布下方的铺设层中，并利用冷凝效应于防水布底面凝结成冷凝水，达到自动造水的功效。
  4. 如权利要求１所述的沙漠造水系统，其特征在于：其中该沙质层中预埋有水箱，且于水箱上方设有多个透孔，透孔顶面设有拦沙元件覆盖，将雨水或冷凝水渗透至底层水箱中储存供再利用。
  5. 如权利要求２所述的沙漠造水系统，其特征在于：其中该级配层中预埋有水箱，且于水箱上方设有多个透孔，透孔顶面设有拦沙元件覆盖，将雨水或冷凝水渗透至底层水箱中储存供再利用。
  6. 如权利要求３所述的沙漠造水系统，其特征在于：其中该沙质层中预埋有水箱，且于水箱上方设有多个透孔，透孔顶面设有拦沙元件覆盖，将雨水或冷凝水渗透至底层水箱中储存供再利用。
  7. 如权利要求１至３其中任一项所述的沙漠造水系统，其特征在于：其中于防水布下方其锁湿布上方增设有热导管，热导管的延伸脚杆穿过锁湿布而插置入更底下的地底土壤中，达到将天然地底温度向上引导作用。
  8. 如权利要求１至３其中任一项所述的沙漠造水系统，其特征在于：其中该透水层可变更设计具有一框料架构，并于框料架构的周缘施以混凝土浆灌注，进而建构成具排水功效的透水层，该框料架构可单独设有透水管，或单独设有盒体，或同时设有透水管及盒体。
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