WO2018041156A1 - 用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法 - Google Patents

用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018041156A1
WO2018041156A1 PCT/CN2017/099751 CN2017099751W WO2018041156A1 WO 2018041156 A1 WO2018041156 A1 WO 2018041156A1 CN 2017099751 W CN2017099751 W CN 2017099751W WO 2018041156 A1 WO2018041156 A1 WO 2018041156A1
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component
maintaining
mechanical device
damaged surface
component according
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PCT/CN2017/099751
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
格哈德诺克
比约恩恩格斯
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西门子公司
格哈德诺克
比约恩恩格斯
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Application filed by 西门子公司, 格哈德诺克, 比约恩恩格斯 filed Critical 西门子公司
Priority to US16/328,779 priority Critical patent/US10605743B2/en
Priority to EP17845458.3A priority patent/EP3508838A4/en
Publication of WO2018041156A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018041156A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0033—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining damage, crack or wear
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/8806—Specially adapted optical and illumination features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0016—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings of aircraft wings or blades
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0091—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by using electromagnetic excitation or detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
    • G01N2021/8854—Grading and classifying of flaws
    • G01N2021/8861—Determining coordinates of flaws
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
    • G01N2021/8887—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges based on image processing techniques

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for maintaining a mechanical device, in particular a mechanical device whose surface is damaged.
  • Such mechanical equipment can be gas turbines, steam turbines, wind turbines, compressors, and the like.
  • the surface of the components of the mechanical equipment may be damaged after running for a period of time. This damage can be caused by wear on the component material or from cracks in the surface. In order to ensure the reliable operation of mechanical equipment, these damages must be dealt with in a timely manner, for example by replacing damaged parts with new ones.
  • the most frequent work in their maintenance is to replace the old ceramic insulation tiles with cracks and/or material wear with new ceramic insulation tiles. Typically, this requires first stopping the operation of the gas turbine, and then the ceramic insulation tile is visually inspected by a specially trained engineer to assess which ceramic insulation tiles need to be replaced based on the location and length of the crack or the amount of material lost.
  • This method in turn includes the following steps:
  • step S3 comprises the following steps in sequence:
  • step S31 makes it possible to find the predetermined standard corresponding to the component more simply and quickly.
  • step S31 Another aspect of the method for maintaining a mechanical device having a damaged surface of a component according to the present invention, further comprising, after step S31, step S33: comparing the data to a standard geometry of the component to calculate a material loss.
  • step S31 and before step S32 further comprising step S312 of identifying the position of the component in the mechanical device.
  • This step facilitates further clarification of the more specific and detailed predetermined criteria for the parts and allows the operator to position the parts that need to be replaced.
  • a further aspect of the method for maintaining a mechanical device having a damaged surface of a component according to the present invention wherein the position of the component in the mechanical device is identified by scanning the mark on the component in step S312.
  • a further aspect of the method for maintaining a mechanical device having a damaged surface of a component according to the present invention wherein the component is identified in the mechanical device by comparing the data with geometric features of the component in step S312 position.
  • step S4 further comprising the step S5 of transmitting the data to the server.
  • step S5 enables related data to be processed remotely.
  • step S1, step S2, step S3 and step S4 are carried out by means of a evaluation device.
  • Yet another aspect of the method for maintaining a mechanical device having a damaged surface of a component according to the present invention wherein the evaluation device is a mobile electronic device.
  • Yet another aspect of the method for maintaining a mechanical device having a damaged surface of a component according to the present invention wherein the photo is taken by one or more cameras in step S1, and in step S2, step S3 and step S4 The photographing is performed, the data is compared to predetermined criteria, and the indication of the component that meets the predetermined criteria is implemented by a mobile electronic device.
  • Yet another aspect of the method for maintaining a mechanical device having a damaged surface of a component according to the present invention wherein the mobile electronic device is a smart phone or a tablet computer.
  • Yet another aspect of the method for maintaining a mechanical device having a damaged surface of a component according to the present invention wherein the camera is a stereo camera or camera glasses.
  • a further aspect of the method for maintaining a mechanical device having a damaged surface of a component according to the present invention further comprising, after step S5, step S61: analyzing said data in said server.
  • step S61 further comprising step S62: updating said predetermined criterion.
  • step S62 updating said predetermined criterion.
  • a further aspect of the method for maintaining a mechanical device having a damaged surface of a component according to the present invention further comprising, after step S5, step S63: providing a quotation or clarification of the component for replacement. This step is convenient for the user and further improves maintenance efficiency and saves more time.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method for maintaining a mechanical device having a damaged surface of a component according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a method for maintaining a mechanical device having a damaged surface of a component according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing a method for maintaining a mechanical device having a damaged surface of a component according to a third embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing a method for maintaining a mechanical device having a damaged surface of a component according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing a method for maintaining a mechanical device having a damaged surface of a component according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing a method for maintaining a mechanical device having a damaged surface of a component in accordance with a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method for maintaining a mechanical device having a damaged surface of a component according to a first embodiment of the present invention. This method in turn includes the following steps:
  • the method of the present invention is used to maintain mechanical equipment that is damaged on the surface of the component, where the component may be cracked and/or worn due to surface damage.
  • the crack includes both cracking of the material and holes or pits of various shapes as long as it can be embodied on the surface of the component.
  • Related mechanical equipment may be gas turbines, steam turbines, wind turbines, compressors, etc., and related components may be ceramic heat insulation tiles, stator blades, moving blades, bearings, housings, and train wheels.
  • the method of the invention can reduce the difficulty of maintaining mechanical equipment damaged on the surface of the component, improve work efficiency, save the operator's physical strength, and avoid human error.
  • the operator can take photos of the ceramic heat insulation tile (ie, the parts). As long as the operator has the ability to take clear pictures with the camera, there is no need to train them.
  • the camera used to take a photo can be a normal camera or a stereo camera or camera glasses.
  • the shot can be either a digital photo or a film photo.
  • a mobile computer such as a computer or a smart phone or a tablet computer is used as a evaluation device to process the digital photo to obtain geometric data of the ceramic thermal insulation tile, such as various lengths, widths, thicknesses, etc. of the ceramic thermal insulation tile. And the length, position, shape, etc. of the crack thereon.
  • step S2 it is necessary to digitally process the film photograph in advance and convert it into a digital photograph.
  • the obtained data is further compared with predetermined criteria stored in the evaluation device.
  • the relevant data reaches a predetermined standard, that is, the length, width, thickness, etc. of the ceramic heat insulating tile or the length, position, shape, etc. of the crack thereon exceeds the allowable range of the design, the ceramic heat insulating tile is continuously used. May affect the reliable operation of the gas turbine.
  • the evaluation device indicates the desired ceramic thermal insulation tile, such as by a computer display or directly on the screen of the smartphone or tablet indicating the ceramic thermal insulation tile that needs to be replaced.
  • Step S1, step S2, step S3, and step S4 may all be implemented by one evaluation device, and the evaluation device may be a computer or a mobile electronic device such as a smart phone or a tablet computer.
  • the photo in step S1 can also be taken by one or more cameras, and the photo is processed in steps S2, S3 and S4, the data is compared with predetermined criteria and the predetermined criteria are reached
  • the instructions for the parts are all implemented by a mobile electronic device as a evaluation device.
  • the evaluation device is installed with corresponding software, such as an application software in a smartphone or a tablet.
  • the software can process the photo according to a particular algorithm to obtain geometric data of the component, compare the data to predetermined criteria, and indicate the component that meets the predetermined criteria .
  • step S3 sequentially includes the following steps:
  • the geometric features of a certain type of component refer to the geometric features common to such components, which can be used to distinguish different types of components, such as to distinguish between moving blades and stationary blades, or different types of moving blades themselves.
  • the position and length of the crack allowed by the component can be the location of the crack allowed by the component. In the case where the position and length of the crack allowed by the same component at different positions are different, it means the position. The location and length of the crack allowed by the specific part.
  • the standard geometry of the component can be either according to the geometry of the component. If there is a difference between the standard geometry of the same component at different locations, it means the specific component according to the design. The geometry that should be there.
  • the components may be several of ceramic heat insulating tiles, stationary blades and moving blades of a gas turbine.
  • the types of components can be further subdivided into various ceramic thermal insulation tiles used in gas turbines. In this way, the evaluation device can find the predetermined standard corresponding to the component more simply and quickly.
  • step S33 that is, in the case where the material wear needs to be calculated, the geometric data must be obtained through the three-dimensional photograph, and the steps S32 and S33 can be sequentially exchanged.
  • the 3D photo can be obtained by a stereo camera or by combining at least two 2D photos taken from different angles by a normal camera, and the geometric data of the crack on the surface can be obtained only by the 2D photo, but also through the 3D photo, etc. Come to get.
  • step S3 is a flow chart showing a method for maintaining a mechanical device having a damaged surface of a component according to a third embodiment of the present invention, which differs from the first and second embodiments in that after step S31 and in step S32 also includes step S312: identifying the location of the component in the mechanical device.
  • Identifying the location of the component in the mechanical device facilitates further clarification of the more specific and detailed predetermined criteria for the component and allows the operator to position the component that needs to be replaced.
  • a plurality of ceramic thermal insulation tiles are usually arranged next to each other to form an insulation layer.
  • the evaluation device eg, a smart phone
  • This photo containing all or a plurality of ceramic heat insulation tiles can be formed by combining a plurality of partial photos into a panoramic photo, and the combination of the photos itself can be performed by the evaluation device.
  • step S312 the mark on the component is scanned (so-called optical character recognition, OCR for short) to identify the position of the component in the mechanical device, or by the data and the geometric characteristics of the component. A comparison is made to identify the location of the component in the mechanical device.
  • OCR optical character recognition
  • Step S5 Send the data to the server.
  • the evaluation device such as a smartphone or tablet
  • the relevant data can be remotely processed through the server.
  • data can be saved by uploading relevant data to the cloud for storage.
  • step 5 is a flow chart showing a method for maintaining a mechanical device having a damaged surface of a component according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, which differs from the first to fourth embodiments in that it is further included after step S5. step:
  • Big data analysis of the data in the server can bring the following benefits: First, collect and analyze data from different mechanical devices of the same kind to understand whether the damage speculation and design criteria are correct, thus extending the maintenance cycle. The possibility of reducing the frequency of maintenance is provided. Secondly, by combining the damage information of a large number of parts with the operation information of the mechanical equipment (including information such as load, temperature, vibration, etc.), a model for predicting the damage condition can be established; finally, Manufacturers of mechanical equipment are able to understand the replaced parts and update the as-built documents in a timely manner, so that the current information of the mechanical equipment can be fully and accurately grasped for subsequent operation and maintenance. Although it is not necessary to include step S62 after step S61, updating the predetermined criteria may ensure that maintenance is always based on the latest development machinery by establishing and updating standards for replacement parts.
  • Step S63 Provide a quotation or clarification for the parts to be replaced.
  • the quotation or clarification of the parts used for replacement is preferably performed automatically by the remote computer system through the server. If the quality of the geometric data obtained by the evaluation device is poor, or if the automatic evaluation has no results or the results are unclear, the clarification is performed remotely by manual means.
  • the process of a manufacturer's engineering department can be automatically triggered by the server, and the corresponding engineer is responsible for answering the user's question within a certain period of time, and sending the result to the evaluation device through the server, for example, to the smartphone. Or a tablet. It is also possible to add a step of transmitting a report to the evaluation device through the server after the maintenance is completed.
  • the user accepts the manufacturer's offer the user can also purchase online through the software in the evaluation device. The manufacturer can deliver the goods to the user at the first time, which is convenient for the user, and further improves the maintenance efficiency and saves more time.

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Abstract

用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法，包括以下步骤：S1：为至少一个零部件拍摄至少一张照片；S2：对所述照片进行处理来获得所述零部件的几何数据；S3：将所述数据与预定标准进行比较；S4：对达到所述预定标准的所述零部件进行指示。

Description

用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及用于维护机械设备的方法，尤其是其零部件表面受损的机械设备。这种机械设备可以为燃气轮机、蒸汽轮机、风力发电机及压缩机等。
背景技术
机械设备在运行一段时间后其零部件表面会受到损伤。这种损伤可以是对零部件材料造成的磨损，也可以是表面的裂痕。为了确保机械设备的可靠运行，必须及时对这些损伤进行处理，例如通过用新的零部件来替换受损的零部件。以燃气轮机为例，在其维护过程中最频繁的工作是用新的陶瓷隔热瓦来替换出现裂痕和/或材料磨损的旧的陶瓷隔热瓦。通常，这需要首先停止燃气轮机的运行，再由经专门训练的工程师通过视觉对陶瓷隔热瓦逐一检查，以根据裂痕的位置和长度或者材料的损耗量来评估哪些陶瓷隔热瓦需要被替换。
上述现有做法具有以下缺点：首先，检查只能由专门人员以人工方式完成；其次，专门人员的视觉检查不仅耗时费力，而且偶尔还会发生人为错误，进而影响燃气轮机的可靠运行。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法，其能够降低维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的难度、提高工作效率、节省操作人员的体力，并避免人为失误。这种方法依次包括以下步骤：
S1：为至少一个零部件拍摄至少一张照片；
S2：对所述照片进行处理来获得所述零部件的几何数据；
S3：将所述数据与预定标准进行比较；
S4：对达到所述预定标准的所述零部件进行指示。
根据本发明用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的一个方面，其中步骤S3依次包括以下步骤：
S31：将所述数据与各类零部件的几何特征进行比较以识别所述零部件的种类；
S32：将所述数据与该零部件所允许的裂痕的位置和长度进行比较。
其中，步骤S31使得可以更加简单、迅速地找到零部件所对应的预定标准。
根据本发明用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的另一方面，其中在步骤S31之后还包括步骤S33：将所述数据与该零部件的标准几何形状进行比较以计算材料损失。
根据本发明用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的再一方面，其中在步骤S31之后和步骤S32之前还包括步骤S312：识别该零部件在机械设备中的位置。这一步骤有利于进一步明确零部件所对应的更加具体和详细的预定标准，并可方便操作人员对需要替换的零部件进行定位。
根据本发明用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的又一方面，其中在步骤S312中通过对该零部件上的标记进行扫描来识别该零部件在机械设备中的位置。
根据本发明用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的又一方面，其中在步骤S312中通过将所述数据与该零部件的几何特征进行比较来识别该零部件在机械设备中的位置。
根据本发明用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的又一方面，其中在步骤S4之后还包括步骤S5：发送所述数据至服务器。这一步骤使得相关数据能够进行远程处理。
根据本发明用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的又一方面，其中步骤S1、步骤S2、步骤S3和步骤S4通过一个评测装置来实施。
根据本发明用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的又一方面，其中所述评测装置为一个移动电子设备。
根据本发明用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的又一方面，其中在步骤S1中所述照片通过一个或多个相机来拍摄，而在步骤S2、步骤S3和步骤S4中对所述照片进行处理、将所述数据与预定标准进行比较以及对达到所述预定标准的所述零部件进行指示均通过一个移动电子设备来实施。
根据本发明用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的又一方面，其中所述移动电子设备为一个智能手机或一个平板电脑。
根据本发明用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的又一方面，其中所述相机为立体相机或相机眼镜。
根据本发明用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的又一方面，其中在步骤S5之后还包括步骤S61：分析所述服务器中的所述数据。
根据本发明用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的又一方面，其中在步骤S61之后还包括步骤S62：对所述预定标准进行更新。这一步骤有利于通过制定和更新替换零部件的新标准来保证总是基于最新的开发成果来对机械设备进行维护。
根据本发明用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的又一方面，其中在步骤S5之后还包括步骤S63：提供用于替换的零部件的报价或作出澄清。这一步骤方便了用户，并进一步提高了维护效率，节省了更多时间。
附图说明
以下附图仅对本发明做示意性说明和解释，并不限定本发明的范围。
图1展示了依据本发明第一种实施方式的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的流程示意图；
图2展示了依据本发明第二种实施方式的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的流程示意图；
图3展示了依据本发明第三种实施方式的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的流程示意图；
图4展示了依据本发明第四种实施方式的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的流程示意图；
图5展示了依据本发明第五种实施方式的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的流程示意图；
图6展示了依据本发明第六种实施方式的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
为了对发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现对照附图说明本发明的具体实施方式，在各图中相同的标号表示相同的部分。
在本文中，“示意性”表示“充当实例、例子或说明”，不应将在本文中被描述为“示意性”的任何图示、实施方式解释为一种更优选的或更具优点的技术方案。
在本文中，“一个”不仅表示“仅此一个”，也可以表示“多于一个”的情形。
图1展示了依据本发明第一种实施方式的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的流程示意图。这种方法依次包括以下步骤：
S1：为至少一个零部件拍摄至少一张照片；
S2：对所述照片进行处理来获得所述零部件的几何数据；
S3：将所述数据与预定标准进行比较；
S4：对达到所述预定标准的所述零部件进行指示。
本发明的方法用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备，其中零部件会因表面受损而出现裂痕和/或材料磨损。在本申请中，裂痕既包括材料的开裂也包括各种形状的孔洞或凹坑，只要其能够体现在零部件的表面上。相关的机械设备可以是燃气轮机、蒸汽轮机、风力发电机以及压缩机等，而相关的零部件则可以是陶瓷隔热瓦、静叶片、动叶片、轴承、壳体以及火车车轮等。本发明的方法能够降低维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的难度、提高工作效率、节省操作人员的体力，并避免人为失误。
仍以燃气轮机的陶瓷隔热瓦为例，可由操作人员为陶瓷隔热瓦(即零部件)拍摄照片。只要该操作人员有能力用相机拍摄清晰的照片，就无须对其进行培训。拍摄照片所使用的相机可以是普通的相机，也可以是立体相机或是相机眼镜。拍摄的既可以是数码照片，也可以是胶片照片。之后，将计算机或智能手机、平板电脑等移动电子设备用作评测装置来对数码照片进行处理，以获得陶瓷隔热瓦的几何数据，例如陶瓷隔热瓦的长度、宽度、厚度等各种尺寸以及其上裂痕的长度、位置、形状等。当然，在拍摄的是胶片照片的情况下，为了进行步骤S2，还需要事先对胶片照片进行数码化处理，将其转化为数码照片。所获得的数据进一步与评测装置中存储的预定标准进行比较。在相关数据达到预定标准的情况下，即陶瓷隔热瓦的长度、宽度、厚度等尺寸或者其上裂痕的长度、位置、形状等超过了设计允许的范围，则说明继续使用该陶瓷隔热瓦可能会影响燃气轮机的可靠运行。此时，评测装置对所需替换的陶瓷隔热瓦进行指示，例如通过计算机的显示器或者直接在智能手机或平板电脑的屏幕上指示需要替换的陶瓷隔热瓦。本领域技术人员将理解，预定标准所允许的具体范围会根据不同的设计而变化，并可依据具体的情况而调整。步骤S1、步骤S2、步骤S3和步骤S4可以全部通过一个评测装置来实施，而评测装置可以是计算机或者是智能手机、平板电脑等移动电子设备。步骤S1中的照片也可以通过一个或多个相机来拍摄，而在步骤S2、步骤S3和步骤S4中对所述照片进行处理、将所述数据与预定标准进行比较以及对达到所述预定标准的所述零部件进行指示均通过作为评测装置的一个移动电子设备来实施。其中，评测装置中安装有相应的软件，例如智能手机或平板电脑中的应用软件。这些软件可以根据特定的算法来对所述照片进行处理，以获得所述零部件的几何数据，并将所述数据与预定标准进行比较，且对达到所述预定标准的所述零部件进行指示。
图2展示了依据本发明第二种实施方式的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的流程示意图，其与第一种实施方式的区别在于，步骤S3依次包括以下步骤：
S31：将所述数据与各类零部件的几何特征进行比较以识别所述零部件的种类；
S32：将所述数据与该零部件所允许的裂痕的位置和长度进行比较；
S33：将所述数据与该零部件的标准几何形状进行比较以计算材料损失。
某类零部件的几何特征是指这类零部件所共有的几何形状上的特点，其可用于区分不同种类的零部件，例如用于区分动叶片与静叶片，或者动叶片自身的不同种类。零部件所允许的裂痕的位置和长度既可以是该类零部件所允许的裂痕的位置，在不同位置的同类零部件所允许的裂痕的位置和长度存在区别的情况下，则是指该位置的具体零部件所允许的裂痕的位置和长度。零部件的标准几何形状既可以是按照设计该类零部件所应具有的几何形状，在不同位置的同类零部件的标准几何形状存在区别的情况下，则是指按照设计该位置的具体零部件所应具有的几何形状。在对不同种类的零部件进行检查的情况下，零部件可以是燃气轮机的陶瓷隔热瓦、静叶片和动叶片中的几种。在已经明确了是何种零部件的情况下，例如是陶瓷隔热瓦的情况下，零部件的种类还可进一步细分为燃气轮机所使用到的各种陶瓷隔热瓦。这样评测装置就可以更加简单、迅速地找到零部件所对应的预定标准。本领域技术人员将理解，在步骤S32之后包括步骤S33并不是必须的，也可以仅采用本发明的方法对裂痕进行处理，而采用其他方式处理材料磨损。在采用步骤S33，即需要计算材料磨损的情况下，则须通过三维照片来获得几何数据，且步骤S32和步骤S33顺序可以交换。三维照片可以通过立体相机来获得，或者通过结合普通相机从不同角度拍摄的至少两张二维照片来获得，而表面上的裂痕的几何数据仅通过二维照片就可获得，但也可以通过三维照片等来获得。
图3展示了依据本发明第三种实施方式的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的流程示意图，其与第一、二种实施方式的区别在于，其中在步骤S31之后和步骤S32之前还包括步骤S312：识别该零部件在机械设备中的位置。
识别该零部件在机械设备中的位置有利于进一步明确零部件所对应的更加具体和详细的预定标准，并可方便操作人员对需要替换的零部件进行定位。仍以燃气轮机的陶瓷隔热瓦为例，多个陶瓷隔热瓦通常彼此挨着排列来形成一个隔热层。因此，可以将全部或者多个陶瓷隔热瓦包含在一张照片中，而评测装置(例如智能手机)可以自动识别出需要替换的陶瓷隔热瓦的位置。这张包含全部或者多个陶瓷隔热瓦的照片可以通过将多个局部照片结合成全景照片来形成，而照片的结合本身可以由评测装置完成。在步骤S312中通过对该零部件上的标记进行扫描(即所谓的光学字符识别，简称OCR)来识别该零部件在机械设备中的位置，或者通过将所述数据与该零部件的几何特征进行比较来识别该零部件在机械设备中的位置。
图4展示了依据本发明第四种实施方式的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的流程示意图，其与第一至三种实施方式的区别在于，其中在步骤S4之后还包括步骤S5：发送所述数据至服务器。
尽管例如智能手机或平板电脑的评测装置可以独立工作，但是如果能将相关数据通过服务器进行远程处理将具有额外的优点。例如，可以通过将相关数据上传至云端进行保存，防止数据丢失。
图5展示了依据本发明第五种实施方式的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的流程示意图，其与第一至四种实施方式的区别在于，其中在步骤S5之后还包括步骤：
S61：分析所述服务器中的所述数据；
S62：对所述预定标准进行更新。
通过对服务器中的数据进行大数据分析能够带来如下好处：首先，对来自同类的不同机械设备的数据进行收集和分析，可以了解受损的推测及设计的标准是否正确，从而为延长维护周期、降低维修频率提供了可能性；其次，通过将大量零部件的受损信息与机械设备的运行信息(包括负荷、温度、振动等信息)结合可以建立对受损状况进行预测的模型；最后，机械设备的制造商能够了解所替换的零部件，并及时对竣工文件进行更新，从而能够全面、准确地掌握机械设备的当前信息用于后续的运行和维护。尽管在步骤S61之后包括步骤S62不是必须的，但是对所述预定标准进行更新可以通过制定和更新替换零部件的标准来保证总是基于最新的开发成果机械设备进行维护。
图6展示了依据本发明第六种实施方式的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法的流程示意图，其与第一至五种实施方式的区别在于，其中在步骤S5之后还包括步骤S63：提供用于替换的零部件的报价或作出澄清。用于替换的零部件的报价或澄清优选由远程的计算机系统通过服务器自动进行。如果评测装置获得的几何数据的质量较差，或者自动评测没有结果或结果不清，则通过人工方式远程进行澄清。在这种情况下，可通过服务器自动触发一个制造商的工程部门的流程，由相应的工程师来负责在一定期限内解答用户的问题，并将结果通过服务器发到评测装置，例如发送到智能手机或平板电脑。还可增加在维护完成后通过服务器向评测装置发送报告的步骤。此外，如果用户接受制造商的报价，用户还可通过评测装置中的软件在线进行购买。制造商能在第一时间向用户发货，从而方便了用户，并进一步提高了维护效率，节省了更多时间。
应当理解，虽然本说明书是按照各个实施方式描述的，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说 明书作为一个整体，各实施方式中的技术方案也可以经适当组合形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施方式的具体说明，它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围，凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施方案或变更，如特征的组合、分割或重复，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法，依次包括以下步骤：
    S1：为至少一个零部件拍摄至少一张照片；
    S2：对所述照片进行处理来获得所述零部件的几何数据；
    S3：将所述数据与预定标准进行比较；
    S4：对达到所述预定标准的所述零部件进行指示。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法，其中步骤S3依次包括以下步骤：
    S31：将所述数据与各类零部件的几何特征进行比较以识别所述零部件的种类；
    S32：将所述数据与该零部件所允许的裂痕的位置和长度进行比较。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法，其中在步骤S31之后还包括步骤S33：将所述数据与该零部件的标准几何形状进行比较以计算材料损失。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法，其中在步骤S31之后和步骤S32之前还包括步骤S312：识别该零部件在机械设备中的位置。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法，其中在步骤S312中通过对该零部件上的标记进行扫描来识别该零部件在机械设备中的位置。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法，其中在步骤S312中通过将所述数据与该零部件的几何特征进行比较来识别该零部件在机械设备中的位置。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法，其中在步骤S4之后还包括步骤S5：发送所述数据至服务器。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法，其中步骤S1、步骤S2、步骤S3和步骤S4通过一个评测装置来实施。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法，其中所述评测装置为一个移动电子设备。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法，其中在步骤S1中所述照片通过一个或多个相机来拍摄，而在步骤S2、步骤S3和步骤S4中对所述照片进行处理、将所述数据与预定标准进行比较以及对达到所述预定标准的所述零部件进行指示均通过一个移动电子设备来实施。
  11. 如权利要求9和10所述的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法，其中所述移动电子设备为一个智能手机或一个平板电脑。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法，其中所述相机为立体相机或相机眼镜。
  13. 如权利要求7所述的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法，其中在步骤S5之后还包括步骤S61：分析所述服务器中的所述数据。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法，其中在步骤S61之后还包括步骤S62：对所述预定标准进行更新。
  15. 如权利要求7所述的用于维护零部件表面受损的机械设备的方法，其中在步骤S5之后还包括步骤S63：提供用于替换的零部件的报价或作出澄清。
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