WO2018039858A1 - 一种行星架的铸造工艺 - Google Patents

一种行星架的铸造工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018039858A1
WO2018039858A1 PCT/CN2016/097137 CN2016097137W WO2018039858A1 WO 2018039858 A1 WO2018039858 A1 WO 2018039858A1 CN 2016097137 W CN2016097137 W CN 2016097137W WO 2018039858 A1 WO2018039858 A1 WO 2018039858A1
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Prior art keywords
riser
casting
planet carrier
core
casing
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PCT/CN2016/097137
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English (en)
French (fr)
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丁洋
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丁洋
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/097137 priority Critical patent/WO2018039858A1/zh
Publication of WO2018039858A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018039858A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of planet carrier casting, and in particular to a casting process of a planet carrier.
  • the planet carrier is one of the main components of the planetary gear transmission.
  • the planetary axle or the bearing is mounted on the planet carrier.
  • the planetary gear is used as the basic component, it is the component that receives the greatest external force moment in the mechanism.
  • the structure of the planetary carrier is mainly composed of The disc, the lower disc and the connecting ribs connecting the upper and lower discs are formed.
  • the upper disc and the lower disc are correspondingly provided with a planetary shaft hole at a position where the connecting ribs are staggered, and the center shaft holes are arranged at the center of the upper and lower discs.
  • the planet carrier is mainly formed by casting, and the quality of the planet carrier is required during the casting process. From the technical requirements, materials, structural characteristics analysis, the production of the planet carrier has the following difficulties: the casting is high-strength ductile iron, the smelting process and operation are very difficult; the dimensional accuracy and surface quality are high; the connecting ribs on the casting are thicker. In this part, it is easy to form casting defects such as shrinkage and shrinkage, and the internal quality of the casting is difficult to guarantee.
  • the prior art adopts the inner cold iron in the hot joint portion, but in the case of mass production, the cold iron is not placed on the plurality of arcing hot sections of the casting. Convenient, and there are difficulties in the manufacture and recovery of the formed cold iron; in addition, in the prior art, a feeding riser is provided on the mold, and the feeding riser is connected through the annular runner, because the riser The volume is large, the sprue is long, and the risers, gates and runners of each blank require large weight of molten iron, which causes waste of molten iron, the process yield is very low, and the cost per product increases.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a planetary frame casting process for the defects of the prior art, which can improve the process yield of the casting and avoid the quality defects of the casting.
  • the present invention provides a casting process for a carrier, including the following Step: S1, molding process: making a shell, and setting a riser at the center of the top of the shell; making a core, grinding the core after the core is finished, and placing the polished core horizontally inside the shell Center; making a sand box, controlling the sand box to have a sand consumption of 20-30 mm, embedding the shell in the sand box; S2, smelting the metal liquid process: first, putting the raw material into a melting furnace for melting, and then Adding a spheroidizing agent to the spheroidizing treatment, and finally adding an inoculating agent for inoculation treatment; S3, a casting forming process: using a top pouring pouring process of the top riser water, passing the molten metal in the step S2 through the The mouth is poured into the casing, and the planet carrier casting is obtained after cooling and forming; S4.
  • the casting processing step grinding and heat
  • the housing includes an upper casing and a lower casing, and the upper casing and the lower casing are combined with the mud core to form a cavity of the planet carrier, A lower end of the riser communicates with an upper end of the cavity; the core has a core I for forming a central shaft hole at the top of the carrier, the riser being located directly above the core 1.
  • the riser has one and only one.
  • the riser is a heat insulation riser.
  • the riser has a diameter of 90 mm and a height of 120 mm.
  • the core is molded out of the hot box.
  • spheroidization is performed using an Akon brand yttrium-containing spheroidizing agent.
  • a core core is formed by using a hot core box outer mold, and the casing includes an upper casing and a lower casing, and the upper casing is provided with a ⁇ 90 ⁇ at a position corresponding to the central shaft hole of the top of the carrier.
  • the 120mm heat-insulating riser is used for feeding, and the pouring process of pouring from the riser is adopted, so that the molten iron is dispersed everywhere, so that the casting is solidified according to the principle of solidification in order, and the defects of internal shrinkage and shrinkage are eliminated.
  • the special sand box is newly made in the molding process of the invention, and the sand consumption of the casting and the sand box is controlled to be 20-30 mm, and the sand box acts as a rapid solidification of the cold iron to improve the feeding effect of the casting and reduce the shrinkage of the casting. , shrink loose defects.
  • the erbium-containing spheroidal spheroidizing agent is used for spheroidizing, so that the molten iron shrinks smoothly, and the shrinkage and shrinkage phenomenon of the casting are prevented.
  • the present invention rationally passes through a riser top injection process system, which not only solves the filling and filling problems, but also simplifies the production operation. After many experiments and dissection, it was found that there were no shrinkage and shrinkage in other parts such as the joints of the joints, and the appearance was obviously improved, and the cleaning process was relatively simple. cut back The labor intensity of the workers, and the casting process yield rate of more than 85%.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a mold in a molding process of the present invention.
  • the invention provides a casting process for a planet carrier, comprising the following steps:
  • a molding process shown in FIG. 1: a housing 1 is formed, and at the center of the top of the housing 1, there is only one riser 2 having a diameter of 90 mm and a height of 120 mm, and the riser 2 is heated.
  • the housing 1 is embedded in the sand box in an amount of 20-30 mm, and the specific connection structure is as follows: the housing 1 includes an upper housing and a lower housing, and the upper housing and the lower housing Forming a cavity of the planet carrier with the core, the lower end of the riser 2 is in communication with the upper end of the cavity; the core has a core I for forming a central shaft hole at the top of the carrier, The riser 2 is located directly above the core 1.
  • S2 smelting the metal liquid process: firstly, the raw material is placed in a smelting furnace for smelting, and then a spheroidizing agent is added thereto for spheroidizing treatment, and finally, an inoculant is added for gestation treatment, wherein the spheroidizing agent adopts the Aken brand The strontium-containing spheroidizing agent is spheroidized.
  • step S3 Casting Process: The casting in step S3 is ground and heat treated to finally obtain a planet carrier.
  • the main technical parameters of the planet carrier produced by the process of the present invention are as follows:
  • a core core is formed by using a hot core box outer mold, and the casing includes an upper casing and a lower casing, and the upper casing is provided with a ⁇ 90 ⁇ at a position corresponding to the central shaft hole of the top of the carrier.
  • the 120mm heat-insulating riser is used for feeding, and the pouring process of pouring from the riser is adopted, so that the molten iron is dispersed everywhere, so that the casting is solidified according to the principle of solidification in order, and the defects of internal shrinkage and shrinkage are eliminated.
  • the special sand box is newly made in the molding process of the invention, and the sand consumption of the casting and the sand box is controlled to be 20-30 mm, and the sand box acts as a rapid solidification of the cold iron to improve the feeding effect of the casting and reduce the shrinkage of the casting. , shrink loose defects.
  • the erbium-containing spheroidal spheroidizing agent is used for spheroidizing, so that the molten iron shrinks smoothly, and the shrinkage and shrinkage phenomenon of the casting are prevented.
  • the present invention rationally passes through a riser top injection process system, which not only solves the filling and filling problems, but also simplifies the production operation. After many experiments and dissection, it was found that there were no shrinkage and shrinkage in other parts such as the joints of the joints, and the appearance was obviously improved, and the cleaning process was relatively simple. The labor intensity of the workers is reduced, and the casting process yield rate is over 85%.

Abstract

一种行星架的铸造工艺，包括以下步骤：造型工序：制作壳体（1），在壳体（1）的顶部中心设置冒口（2）；制作泥芯，将打磨好的泥芯水平放置在壳体（1）的内部中心；制作砂箱，控制砂箱的吃砂量在20-30mm；熔炼金属液工序：先将生料放入熔炼炉中进行熔炼，接着向其中加入球化剂进行球化处理，最后再加入孕育剂进行孕育处理；铸件成型工序：采用顶部冒口（2）进水的顶注浇注工艺金属液通过冒口（2）浇入到壳体（1）内；铸件处理工序：将铸件进行打磨和热处理。该铸造工艺合理地通过一个冒口（2）顶注工艺系统，既解决充填和补缩问题，又简化生产操作，且铸件工艺出品率达到85％以上。

Description

一种行星架的铸造工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及行星架铸造技术领域，尤其涉及一种行星架的铸造工艺。
背景技术
行星架是行星齿轮传动装置的主要构件之一，行星轮轴或者轴承装在行星架上，当行星轮作为基本构件时，它是机构中承受外力力矩最大的零件，行星架的结构，主要由上盘、下盘以及连接上、下盘的连接筋构成，上盘和下盘在错开连接筋的位置上对应设有行星轴孔，上、下盘的中心均设有中心轴孔。
行星架主要采用铸造成型，浇铸过程中对行星架的质量要求较高。从技术要求、材质、结构特点分析，生产行星架主要有以下难点：铸件为高强度球墨铸铁，冶炼工艺和操作难度很高；尺寸精度、表面质量要求高；铸件上的连接筋部分较厚大，在该部位易形成缩松、缩孔等铸造缺陷，铸件内部质量很难保证。
为了避免浇铸过程中出现的缩孔和缩松现象，现有技术中采用在热节部位安放内冷铁，但是在批量生产的情况下，对铸件的多处弧立热节安放冷铁很不方便，并且成型冷铁的制做和回收都存在困难；除此之外，现有技术中还采用在模具上设置补缩冒口，并将补缩冒口通过环形浇道连接，因冒口体积大，浇道长，每件毛坯的冒口、浇口和浇道需要铁水重量大，造成铁水的浪费，工艺出品率非常低，每件产品的成本增加。
因此，研发一种行星架的铸造工艺，既能够提高铸件的工艺出品率又能够避免铸件质量缺陷，显得格外重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的缺陷提供一种行星架的铸造工艺，既能够提高铸件的工艺出品率又能够避免铸件质量缺陷。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种行星架的铸造工艺，包括以下 步骤：S1、造型工序：制作壳体，在所述壳体的顶部中心设置冒口；制作泥芯，泥芯制作完成后进行打磨，将打磨好的泥芯水平放置在所述壳体的内部中心；制作砂箱，控制砂箱的吃砂量在20-30mm，将所述壳体嵌入所述砂箱内；S2、熔炼金属液工序：首先将生料放入熔炼炉中进行熔炼，接着向其中加入球化剂进行球化处理，最后再加入孕育剂进行孕育处理；S3、铸件成型工序：采用顶部冒口进水的顶注浇注工艺，将所述步骤S2中金属液通过所述冒口浇入到所述壳体内，冷却成型后即得行星架铸件；S4、铸件处理工序：将步骤S3中的铸件进行打磨和热处理，最终得到行星架。
进一步地，所述步骤S1中，所述壳体包括上壳体和下壳体，所述上壳体和所述下壳体合模后与所述泥芯形成行星架的型腔，所述冒口的下端与所述型腔的上端相通；所述泥芯具有用于形成行星架顶部中心轴孔的泥芯Ⅰ，所述冒口位于所述泥芯Ⅰ的正上方。
优选地，所述冒口有且仅有一个。
优选地，所述冒口为发热保温冒口。
优选地，所述冒口的直径为90mm，高度为120mm。
优选地，所述泥芯通过热芯盒外模制成。
优选地，所述步骤S2中，采用埃肯牌含镧La球化剂进行球化。
本发明的行星架的铸造工艺，具有如下有益效果：
1、本发明的造型工序中采用热芯盒外模制作泥芯，壳体包括上壳体和下壳体，上壳体在与行星架顶部中心轴孔相对应的位置上设置有一个Φ90×120mm的发热保温冒口进行补缩，并采用从该冒口进行顶注浇注的浇注工艺，让铁水四处分散，使铸件按顺序凝固的原理凝固，消除了内部缩孔、缩松的缺陷。
2、本发明的造型工序中新做专用砂箱，控制铸件与砂箱的吃砂量在20-30mm，由砂箱起到冷铁快速凝固作用从而提高铸件的补缩效果，减少铸件缩孔、缩松缺陷。
3、本发明的熔炼金属液工序中采用埃肯牌含镧La球化剂进行球化，使铁水收缩平稳，防止铸件产生缩孔、缩松现象。
4、本发明合理地通过一个冒口顶注工艺系统，既能解决充填和补缩问题，又可以简化生产操作。经过多次试验并解剖切片后发现，连接筋热节处等其它部位都无缩松、缩孔现象，且外观明显好转，同时清理工序也比较简单。减少 了工人的劳动强度，且铸件工艺出品率达到85％以上。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它附图。
图1为本发明的造型工序中的模具结构示意图。
其中，图中附图标记对应为：1-壳体，2-冒口。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供了一种行星架的铸造工艺，包括以下步骤：
S1、造型工序(如图1所示)：制作壳体1，在所述壳体1的顶部中心设置有且仅有一个直径为90mm，高度为120mm的冒口2，该冒口2为发热保温冒口；通过热芯盒外膜制作泥芯，泥芯制作完成后进行打磨，将打磨好的泥芯水平放置在所述壳体1的内部中心；制作砂箱，控制砂箱的吃砂量在20-30mm，将所述壳体1嵌入所述砂箱内，具体的连接结构如下：所述壳体1包括上壳体和下壳体，所述上壳体和所述下壳体合模后与所述泥芯形成行星架的型腔，所述冒口2的下端与所述型腔的上端相通；所述泥芯具有用于形成行星架顶部中心轴孔的泥芯Ⅰ，所述冒口2位于所述泥芯Ⅰ的正上方。
S2、熔炼金属液工序：首先将生料放入熔炼炉中进行熔炼，接着向其中加入球化剂进行球化处理，最后再加入孕育剂进行孕育处理，其中，该球化剂采用埃肯牌含镧La球化剂进行球化。
S3、铸件成型工序：采用顶部冒口进水的顶注浇注工艺，将所述步骤S2中金属液通过所述冒口2浇入到所述壳体1内，让铁水四处分散，使铸件按顺序凝固的原理凝固，消除了内部缩孔、缩松的缺陷，冷却成型后即得行星架铸件；
S4、铸件处理工序：将步骤S3中的铸件进行打磨和热处理，最终得到行星架。
用本发明工艺生产出的行星架的主要技术参数如下：
(1)材质：QT600-3
(2)抗拉强度：≥600Mpa
(3)屈服强度：≥370Mpa
(4)延伸率：≥3％
(5)硬度：HB190-270
(6)球化等级：≥3级
(7)球化率：≥85％
(8)珠光体含量：≥70％
(9)铸件内部无夹渣、气孔、无缩孔缩松、胀裂等铸造缺陷现象
(10)单重：14.2kg
本发明的行星架的铸造工艺，具有如下有益效果：
1、本发明的造型工序中采用热芯盒外模制作泥芯，壳体包括上壳体和下壳体，上壳体在与行星架顶部中心轴孔相对应的位置上设置有一个Φ90×120mm的发热保温冒口进行补缩，并采用从该冒口进行顶注浇注的浇注工艺，让铁水四处分散，使铸件按顺序凝固的原理凝固，消除了内部缩孔、缩松的缺陷。
2、本发明的造型工序中新做专用砂箱，控制铸件与砂箱的吃砂量在20-30mm，由砂箱起到冷铁快速凝固作用从而提高铸件的补缩效果，减少铸件缩孔、缩松缺陷。
3、本发明的熔炼金属液工序中采用埃肯牌含镧La球化剂进行球化，使铁水收缩平稳，防止铸件产生缩孔、缩松现象。
4、本发明合理地通过一个冒口顶注工艺系统，既能解决充填和补缩问题，又可以简化生产操作。经过多次试验并解剖切片后发现，连接筋热节处等其它部位都无缩松、缩孔现象，且外观明显好转，同时清理工序也比较简单。减少了工人的劳动强度，且铸件工艺出品率达到85％以上。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围，因此依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属本发明所涵盖的范围。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种行星架的铸造工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1、造型工序：制作壳体(1)，在所述壳体(1)的顶部中心设置冒口(2)；制作泥芯，泥芯制作完成后进行打磨，将打磨好的泥芯水平放置在所述壳体(1)的内部中心；制作砂箱，控制砂箱的吃砂量在20-30mm，将所述壳体(1)嵌入所述砂箱内；
    S2、熔炼金属液工序：首先将生料放入熔炼炉中进行熔炼，接着向其中加入球化剂进行球化处理，最后再加入孕育剂进行孕育处理；
    S3、铸件成型工序：采用顶部冒口进水的顶注浇注工艺，将所述步骤S2中金属液通过所述冒口(2)浇入到所述壳体(1)内，冷却成型后即得行星架铸件；
    S4、铸件处理工序：将步骤S3中的铸件进行打磨和热处理，最终得到行星架。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的行星架的铸造工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，所述壳体(1)包括上壳体和下壳体，所述上壳体和所述下壳体合模后与所述泥芯形成行星架的型腔，所述冒口(2)的下端与所述型腔的上端相通；所述泥芯具有用于形成行星架顶部中心轴孔的泥芯Ⅰ，所述冒口(2)位于所述泥芯Ⅰ的正上方。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的行星架的铸造工艺，其特征在于，所述冒口(2)有且仅有一个。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的行星架的铸造工艺，其特征在于，所述冒口(2)为发热保温冒口。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4中任意一项权利要求所述的行星架的铸造工艺，其特征在于，所述冒口(2)的直径为90mm，高度为120mm。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的行星架的铸造工艺，其特征在于，所述泥芯通过 热芯盒外模制成。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的行星架的铸造工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤S2中，采用埃肯牌含镧La球化剂进行球化。
PCT/CN2016/097137 2016-08-29 2016-08-29 一种行星架的铸造工艺 WO2018039858A1 (zh)

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CN112605340A (zh) * 2020-12-16 2021-04-06 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 一种球墨铸铁整体式低地板轻轨齿轮箱及其铸造方法
CN114147185A (zh) * 2021-11-15 2022-03-08 无锡蓝豹科技有限公司 电动车后衣架的制造工艺
CN114147181A (zh) * 2021-10-21 2022-03-08 浙江林家昌隆阀门铸造有限公司 一种双炉浇铸方法
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CN114833306A (zh) * 2022-05-16 2022-08-02 合肥市瑞宏重型机械有限公司 一种拉杆头铸造方法
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CN110990980A (zh) * 2019-12-30 2020-04-10 西峡县西泵特种铸造有限公司 一种耐热钢涡壳球型冒口设计方法
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CN114406210B (zh) * 2021-12-08 2024-02-06 惠尔信机械（泰兴）有限公司 一种用于行星架砂型的造型方法
CN114833306A (zh) * 2022-05-16 2022-08-02 合肥市瑞宏重型机械有限公司 一种拉杆头铸造方法
CN114833306B (zh) * 2022-05-16 2024-04-19 合肥市瑞宏重型机械有限公司 一种拉杆头铸造方法

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