WO2018036373A1 - 一种毫米波三维全息成像方法及系统 - Google Patents

一种毫米波三维全息成像方法及系统 Download PDF

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WO2018036373A1
WO2018036373A1 PCT/CN2017/096102 CN2017096102W WO2018036373A1 WO 2018036373 A1 WO2018036373 A1 WO 2018036373A1 CN 2017096102 W CN2017096102 W CN 2017096102W WO 2018036373 A1 WO2018036373 A1 WO 2018036373A1
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dimensional
echo signal
wave
human body
fourier transform
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PCT/CN2017/096102
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English (en)
French (fr)
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赵术开
郭令霞
祁春超
黄雄伟
陈寒江
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华讯方舟科技有限公司
深圳市太赫兹科技创新研究院
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Priority to US16/327,409 priority Critical patent/US11209538B2/en
Publication of WO2018036373A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018036373A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/9021—SAR image post-processing techniques
    • G01S13/9023—SAR image post-processing techniques combined with interferometric techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
    • G01S13/32—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
    • G01S13/34—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/887—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for detection of concealed objects, e.g. contraband or weapons
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/9004—SAR image acquisition techniques
    • G01S13/9011—SAR image acquisition techniques with frequency domain processing of the SAR signals in azimuth
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/904—SAR modes
    • G01S13/9088—Circular SAR [CSAR, C-SAR]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/35—Details of non-pulse systems
    • G01S7/352—Receivers
    • G01S7/356—Receivers involving particularities of FFT processing

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of millimeter wave imaging technology, and in particular relates to a millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging method and system.
  • Traditional safety detection systems mainly include metal detectors for human body detection and x-ray imaging systems for baggage detection scanning.
  • metal detectors can effectively detect metal contraband such as guns, metal and daggers carried by the human body, but they are powerless for high-tech modern dangerous goods such as liquid bombs, biochemical weapons and ceramic knives.
  • the x-ray imaging system can effectively check various dangerous goods, since x-rays are ionized and have great damage to the human body, they cannot be used for safe detection of human bodies.
  • the millimeter wave acts as a millimeter-order electromagnetic wave with a wavelength between the far-infrared wave and the microwave band.
  • electromagnetic waves based on this band It can penetrate the characteristics of plasma, dust, smoke and most clothes, so that its working time is not limited; in addition, compared with the longer wavelength microwave, the detection accuracy of the millimeter wave system is required under a certain antenna beam width. A lot higher.
  • millimeter waves can image hidden objects through ordinary clothes, and electromagnetic waves in the millimeter wave range will not cause harm to the human body, making it more accessible to the public; in addition, it is a good complement to metal detectors. Detection and identification of non-metallic objects such as plastics, liquid explosives, drugs, and ceramic daggers are powerless defects.
  • the maximum projection method is generally used to image the received bandwidth echo data.
  • this algorithm can reflect the scattering characteristics of different measured targets to a certain extent, Different from the foreign body carried by the human body, when the scattering property of the foreign body carried by the human body is close to the human body, the foreign matter carried by the human body cannot be accurately distinguished, and there is a certain missed detection condition.
  • the object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging method, which aims to solve the above-mentioned problem that when the scattering property of the foreign body carried by the human body is close to the human body, the foreign matter carried by the human body cannot be accurately distinguished, and there is a certain missed detection. The problem of the situation.
  • a millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging method comprising:
  • a millimeter wave antenna array to transmit a continuous frequency wave to the measured human body, and receiving an echo signal S(t, ⁇ , z) reflected by the measured human body;
  • the sampled data in the spatial wave number domain is subjected to non-uniform sampling to uniform sampling interpolation to obtain echo data uniformly distributed in the spatial wave number domain;
  • the three-dimensional echo data is projected by a pseudo-standard deviation method to obtain two-dimensional reconstruction data, and a two-dimensional image is generated.
  • the millimeter wave antenna array is used to transmit a continuous frequency wave to the measured human body, and receive an echo signal reflected by the measured human body.
  • S(t, ⁇ , z) specifically includes:
  • a millimeter-wave antenna array with a cylindrical synthetic aperture is used to transmit a continuous frequency wave to the measured human body, and receive an echo signal S(t, ⁇ , z) reflected by the measured human body.
  • the phase compensation of the spatial wave number domain echo signal specifically includes:
  • the projecting the two-dimensional image by using a quasi-standard deviation method to obtain a two-dimensional reconstructed image specifically includes:
  • the continuous frequency wave emitted by the millimeter wave antenna array to the measured human body is a stepped frequency continuous wave signal, and the frequency point is Nf, and the mth row and the nth antenna of the millimeter wave antenna array are received at each frequency point.
  • the I mni of the scattering intensity signal of the measured target, and the statistical average of the scattering intensity of the human body to the millimeter wave signal of the corresponding frequency point is Then, the scattering intensity signal of the measured object received at the respective frequency points of the mth row and the nth antenna is projected according to the following standard deviation projection formula:
  • the I mn obtained by projecting all the antennas in the millimeter wave antenna array are combined to obtain a two-dimensional reconstructed image.
  • the method further includes:
  • Another object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging system, including:
  • An echo signal acquiring unit configured to transmit a continuous frequency wave to the measured human body by using a millimeter wave antenna array, and receive an echo signal S(t, ⁇ , z) reflected by the measured human body;
  • a first Fourier transform unit configured to perform a Fourier transform on the echo signal in a time direction to obtain an echo signal S( ⁇ , ⁇ , z) in the frequency domain;
  • a second Fourier transform unit configured to perform a two-dimensional Fourier transform on the echo signal in the frequency domain along an angle ⁇ and a vertical direction z to obtain a spatial wavenumber domain echo signal S( ⁇ , ⁇ , k z );
  • phase compensation unit configured to perform phase compensation on the spatial wavenumber domain echo signal
  • a first inverse Fourier transform unit configured to perform one-dimensional inverse Fourier transform on the phase-compensated echo signal along the ⁇ direction to obtain sampled data in the spatial wave number domain
  • An interpolation operation unit configured to perform non-uniform sampling to uniformly sampled interpolation data in the spatial wave number domain to obtain echo data uniformly distributed in a spatial wave number domain;
  • a second inverse Fourier transform unit configured to perform three-dimensional inverse Fourier transform on the echo data uniformly distributed in the spatial wave number domain to obtain three-dimensional echo data
  • the two-dimensional image reconstruction unit is configured to project the three-dimensional echo data by using a pseudo standard deviation method to obtain two-dimensional reconstruction data, and generate a two-dimensional image.
  • the echo signal acquiring unit is specifically configured to:
  • a millimeter-wave antenna array with a cylindrical synthetic aperture is used to transmit a continuous frequency wave to the measured human body, and receive an echo signal S(t, ⁇ , z) reflected by the measured human body.
  • phase compensation unit is specifically configured to:
  • the two-dimensional image reconstruction unit is specifically configured to:
  • the continuous frequency wave emitted by the millimeter wave antenna array to the measured human body is a stepped frequency continuous wave signal, and the frequency point is Nf, and the mth row and the nth antenna of the millimeter wave antenna array are received at each frequency point.
  • the I mni of the scattering intensity signal of the measured target, and the statistical average of the scattering intensity of the human body to the millimeter wave signal of the corresponding frequency point is Then, the scattering intensity signal of the measured object received at the respective frequency points of the mth row and the nth antenna is projected according to the following standard deviation projection formula:
  • the I mn obtained by projecting all the antennas in the millimeter wave antenna array are combined to obtain a two-dimensional reconstructed image.
  • the method further includes:
  • the foreign object identification unit is configured to identify, according to the two-dimensional reconstructed image, whether the measured human body carries a foreign object.
  • a continuous frequency wave is transmitted to the measured human body by using a millimeter wave antenna array, and an echo signal S(t, ⁇ , z) reflected by the measured human body is received;
  • the direction is Fourier transformed to obtain an echo signal S( ⁇ , ⁇ , z) in the frequency domain; the two-dimensional Fourier transform is performed on the echo signal in the frequency domain along the angle ⁇ and the vertical direction z.
  • Sampled data in the spatial wavenumber domain; the sampled data in the spatial wavenumber domain is subjected to non-uniform sampling to uniform sampling interpolation to obtain echo data uniformly distributed in the spatial wavenumber domain; and the echoes uniformly distributed in the spatial wavenumber domain
  • the data is subjected to three-dimensional inverse Fourier transform to obtain three-dimensional echo data; the three-dimensional echo data is projected by using a standard deviation method to obtain two-dimensional reconstructed data, and a two-dimensional reconstructed image is generated, thereby being able to weaken the body's scattering information. Under prominent human carrying contraband scattering characteristic information, to a certain extent, greatly reducing the rate of missed prohibited items.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of three-dimensional holographic imaging using a millimeter-wave antenna array with a cylindrical synthetic aperture in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a millimeter wave three-dimensional holography imaging method provided by this embodiment may include the following steps:
  • a millimeter wave antenna array is used to transmit a continuous frequency wave to the measured human body, and receive an echo signal S(t, ⁇ , z) reflected by the measured human body.
  • the step S101 specifically includes: transmitting a continuous frequency wave to the measured human body by using a millimeter wave antenna array with a cylindrical synthetic aperture, and receiving an echo signal S(t, ⁇ , reflected by the measured human body. z).
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing three-dimensional holographic imaging using a millimeter-wave antenna array of a cylindrical synthetic aperture in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the human body is located at the center O point of the Cartesian coordinate system. It is assumed that the axis of the human body coincides with the z-axis, and the human body imaging area is defined as a cylinder in which R 0 is the radius of the area to be imaged,
  • the antenna array is rotated around the axis of the human body by a circumference of radius R to form a synthetic aperture in the circumferential direction ⁇ .
  • the sampling position is defined as (R, ⁇ , Z), and the coordinates of any imaging position P on the human body are (x, y, z), and the corresponding scattering intensity is ⁇ (x, y, z).
  • P(t) as the antenna transmit signal, assuming that the radiation pattern of the antenna is constant over the bunching target area, then the echo signal measured at point P in the time domain (t, ⁇ , z) is:
  • the echo signal is subjected to Fourier transform in the time direction to obtain an echo signal S( ⁇ , ⁇ , z) in the frequency domain.
  • k ⁇ ⁇ / c wave number.
  • the echo signal of the target is the accumulation of multiple target echo signals in the imaging interval. Since the signal amplitude value has little effect on the image focus, the attenuation of the signal amplitude with distance is ignored here.
  • the spatial wavenumber domain echo signal S( ⁇ , ⁇ , k z ) is obtained by performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the echo signal in the frequency domain along the angle ⁇ and the vertical direction z.
  • the dispersion relation of the plane wave component is:
  • k x , k y and k z are the wavenumber components of k ⁇ in the direction of the coordinate axis in the spatial wavenumber domain.
  • the k r wavenumber component is defined in the XY plane as:
  • the two-dimensional Fourier transform is performed on the angle ⁇ and the vertical direction z of the formula (3) to obtain a spatial wave number domain echo signal: S( ⁇ , ⁇ , k z ). Further, in the present embodiment, when Fourier transform is performed on the echo signal in the ⁇ direction, ⁇ is used instead of ⁇ , and when the one-dimensional Fourier transform is performed in the z direction, the difference between z and Z' is ignored.
  • phase compensation is performed on the spatial wavenumber domain echo signal.
  • step S104 specifically includes:
  • the spatial wavenumber domain echo signal S( ⁇ , ⁇ , k z ) and the phase compensation factor Multiply the compensated echo signal
  • R is the scan radius of the millimeter wave antenna array of the cylindrical synthetic aperture.
  • phase-compensated echo signal is subjected to one-dimensional inverse Fourier transform in the ⁇ direction to obtain sampled data in the spatial wavenumber domain.
  • phase-compensated echo signal is subjected to one-dimensional inverse Fourier transform along the ⁇ direction to obtain the formula (4):
  • the sampled data in the spatial wavenumber domain is subjected to interpolation processing of non-uniform sampling to uniform sampling to obtain echo data uniformly distributed in the spatial wavenumber domain.
  • the three-dimensional inverse Fourier transform is performed on the echo data uniformly distributed in the spatial wave number domain to obtain three-dimensional echo data.
  • the three-dimensional inverse Fourier transform is performed on the echo data uniformly distributed in the spatial wave number domain (k x, k y, k z ) obtained after the interpolation, and the target in the Cartesian coordinate system can be obtained.
  • the scattering intensity is:
  • the three-dimensional echo data is projected by using a pseudo standard deviation method to obtain two-dimensional reconstruction data, and a two-dimensional reconstructed image is generated.
  • the obtained target scattering intensity including the three-dimensional image information it is first projected to obtain two-dimensional image data and generate a two-dimensional image, and then the two-dimensional image is processed to finally detect and identify the human body. Prohibited items carried. Since different objects have different scattering characteristics for millimeter waves of different frequency points, in order to maximize the scattering information of the human body carrying foreign objects when projecting from three-dimensional image data to two-dimensional, the scattering information of the human body is weakened here.
  • a quasi-standard deviation projection method for enhancing the information intensity of foreign matter scattering is as follows:
  • the continuous frequency wave emitted by the millimeter wave antenna array to the measured human body is a stepped frequency continuous wave signal, and the frequency point is Nf, and the mth row and the nth antenna of the millimeter wave antenna array are received at each frequency point.
  • the I mni of the scattering intensity signal of the measured target, and the statistical average of the scattering intensity of the human body to the millimeter wave signal of the corresponding frequency point is Then, the scattering intensity signal of the measured object received at the respective frequency points of the mth row and the nth antenna is projected according to the following standard deviation projection formula:
  • the I mn obtained by projecting all the antennas in the millimeter wave antenna array are combined to obtain a two-dimensional reconstructed image.
  • the method may further include:
  • the two-dimensional reconstructed image obtained by using the pseudo standard deviation projection method can highlight the image information of the human body carrying the foreign object, weaken the interference of the human body's own information, and enhance the contrast between the foreign body and the human body in the image, thereby further Conducive to the identification and detection of foreign objects, to some extent, to avoid the detection of prohibited items.
  • the millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging method transmits a continuous frequency wave to the measured human body by using a millimeter wave antenna array, and receives an echo signal S(t, which is reflected by the measured human body.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging system for operating the method provided by the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Only the parts related to the present embodiment are shown for convenience of explanation.
  • a millimeter three-dimensional holographic imaging system provided by this embodiment includes:
  • the echo signal acquiring unit 1 is configured to transmit a continuous frequency wave to the measured human body by using a millimeter wave antenna array, and receive an echo signal S(t, ⁇ , z) reflected by the measured human body;
  • a first Fourier transform unit 2 configured to perform a Fourier transform on the echo signal in a time direction to obtain an echo signal S( ⁇ , ⁇ , z) in the frequency domain;
  • a second Fourier transform unit 3 configured to perform a two-dimensional Fourier transform on the echo signal in the frequency domain along the angle ⁇ and the vertical direction z to obtain a spatial wavenumber domain echo signal S( ⁇ , ⁇ , k z );
  • phase compensation unit 4 configured to perform phase compensation on the spatial wavenumber domain echo signal
  • a first inverse Fourier transform unit 5 configured to perform one-dimensional inverse Fourier transform on the phase-compensated echo signal along the ⁇ direction to obtain sampled data in the spatial wave number domain;
  • the interpolation operation unit 6 is configured to perform non-uniform sampling to uniformly sampled interpolation data in the spatial wave number domain to obtain echo data uniformly distributed in the spatial wave number domain;
  • a second inverse Fourier transform unit 7 configured to perform three-dimensional inverse Fourier transform on the echo data uniformly distributed in the spatial wave number domain to obtain three-dimensional echo data
  • the two-dimensional image reconstruction unit 8 is configured to project the three-dimensional echo data by using a pseudo standard deviation method to obtain two-dimensional reconstruction data, and generate a two-dimensional image.
  • the echo signal acquiring unit 1 is specifically configured to:
  • a millimeter-wave antenna array with a cylindrical synthetic aperture is used to transmit a continuous frequency wave to the measured human body, and receive an echo signal S(t, ⁇ , z) reflected by the measured human body.
  • phase compensation unit 4 is specifically configured to:
  • the two-dimensional image reconstruction unit 8 is specifically configured to:
  • the continuous frequency wave emitted by the millimeter wave antenna array to the measured human body is a stepped frequency continuous wave signal, and the frequency point is Nf, and the mth row and the nth antenna of the millimeter wave antenna array are received at each frequency point.
  • the I mni of the scattering intensity signal of the measured target, and the statistical average of the scattering intensity of the human body to the millimeter wave signal of the corresponding frequency point is Then, the scattering intensity signal of the measured object received at the respective frequency points of the mth row and the nth antenna is projected according to the following standard deviation projection formula:
  • the I mn obtained by projecting all the antennas in the millimeter wave antenna array are combined to obtain a two-dimensional reconstructed image.
  • the millimeter wave three-dimensional holography also includes:
  • the foreign object recognition unit 9 is configured to identify, according to the two-dimensional reconstructed image, whether the measured human body carries a foreign object.
  • the millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging system provided by the embodiment of the present invention can also highlight the scattering characteristic information of the contraband carried by the human body under the premise of weakening the scattering information of the human body, and greatly reduces the missed detection of the prohibited articles to a certain extent. rate.

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  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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Abstract

一种毫米波三维全息成像方法及系统，其中方法包括：采用毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射连续频率波，并接收经人体反射回来的回波信号S(t,θ,z)（S101）；对S(t,θ,z)沿时间方向进行傅里叶变换得到在频域中的回波信号S(ω,θ,z) （S102）；对S(ω,θ,z)沿角度θ和竖直方向z进行二维傅里叶变换得到空间波数域回波信号S(ω,ξ,k z) （S103）；对S(ω,ξ,k z)进行相位补偿（S104）；对相位补偿后的回波信号沿θ方向进行一维逆傅里叶变换得到在空间波数域内的采样数据（S105）；对采样数据进行非均匀采样向均匀采样的插值运算得到在空间波数域内均匀分布的回波数据（S106）；对在空间波数域内均匀分布的回波数据进行三维逆傅里叶变换得到三维回波数据（S107）；对三维回波数据采用准标准差方式进行投影得到二维重建数据，并生成二维图像（S108）。能够降低违禁物品的漏检率。

Description

一种毫米波三维全息成像方法及系统 技术领域
本发明属于毫米波成像技术领域，尤其涉及一种毫米波三维全息成像方法及系统。
背景技术
近些年来，恐怖主义威胁日益加剧，特别是在人群聚集的公共场所恐怖袭击事件更是频繁发生，这些恐怖袭击事件与世界的和平发展相悖，对各国人民的人身安全带来了不可估量的威胁。
在类似于海关、机场、火车站和其他人口频繁聚集的公共场所的安全问题更是受到了世界各地的广泛关注，这也对安检系统的检测范围、准确性、智能化和检测效率等各方面的指标提出了更加严格的要求。
传统的安全检测系统主要包括用于人体探测的金属探测器和用于行李检测扫描的x射线成像系统等。其中，金属探测器对于人体携带的枪、金属以及匕首等金属违禁品能够进行有效的探测，但是对于液体炸弹、生化武器以及陶瓷刀具等高科技的现代危险品却无能为力。x射线成像系统虽然可以对各种危险品进行有效的检查，但是由于x射线具有电离性，对人体损害较大，因此不可用于对人体进行安全检测。
毫米波作为一种毫米量级的电磁波，其波长介于远红外波和微波的波段之间，虽然与红外波和可见光相比它成像的空间分辨率还有待提高，但基于这种波段的电磁波可以穿透等离子体、尘埃、烟雾和大部分衣物的特性，使其工作时段不受限制；此外，与波长较长的微波相比，在一定的天线波束宽度下，毫米波系统的探测精度要高很多。同时毫米波能够透过普通衣物而使藏匿物品成像，并且处于毫米波段范围内的电磁波对人体不会产生伤害，使它更易于被公众接收；此外，它还很好的弥补了金属探测器对于塑料、液体爆炸物、毒品、陶瓷匕首等非金属物品的探测和识别无能为力的缺陷。
人类对毫米波的研究已有一百多年的历史，并且研发了一种用于人体安检的主动式三维成像安检设备，这种检测设备不但不会对人体造成伤害，同时还可以有效的探测出被检测人员携带的各种危险、违禁物品。
为了能够提高系统对探测目标的分辨能力，获得更多的目标信息，通常发射有一定带宽的毫米波信号，并通过接收天线对被测目标的散射信号进行接收，再通过对接收到的回波数据进行处理最终得到重构图像。在传统的成像算法中，普遍采用最大值投影的方法对于接收到的带宽回波数据进行成像处理，这种算法虽然能在一定程度上反映出不同的被测目标的散射特性，以此对人体和人体携带的异物进行区分，但当人体携带的异物散射特性与人体较为接近时，则无法准确的区分出人体携带的异物，存在一定的漏检情况。
发明内容
本发明实施例的目的在于提供一种毫米波三维全息成像方法，旨在解决上述当人体携带的异物散射特性与人体较为接近时，则无法准确的区分出人体携带的异物，存在一定的漏检情况的问题。
本发明实施例是这样实现的，一种毫米波三维全息成像方法，包括：
采用毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射连续频率波，并接收经所述被测人体反射回来的回波信号S(t,θ,z)；
对所述回波信号沿时间方向进行傅里叶变换得到在频域中的回波信号S(ω,θ,z)；
对所述频域中的回波信号沿角度θ和竖直方向z进行二维傅里叶变换得到空间波数域回波信号S(ω,ξ,kz)；
对所述空间波数域回波信号进行相位补偿；
对相位补偿后的回波信号沿θ方向进行一维逆傅里叶变换得到在空间波数域内的采样数据；
所述空间波数域内的采样数据进行非均匀采样向均匀采样的插值运算得到在空间波数域内均匀分布的回波数据；
对所述在空间波数域内均匀分布的回波数据进行三维逆傅里叶变换得到三维回波数据；
对三维回波数据采用准标准差方式进行投影得到二维重建数据，并生成二维图像。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述采用毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射连续频率波，并接收经所述被测人体反射回来的回波信号 S(t,θ,z)具体包括：
采用圆柱形合成孔径的毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射连续频率波，并接收经所述被测人体反射回来的回波信号S(t,θ,z)。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述对所述空间波数域回波信号进行相位补偿具体包括：
将空间波数域回波信号S(ω,ξ,kz)与相位补偿因子
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000001
相乘得到补偿后的回波信号，其中，R为圆柱形合成孔径的毫米波天线阵列的扫描半径。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述对所述三维图像采用准标准差式方式进行投影得到二维重建图像具体包括：
令所述毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射的连续频率波为步进频连续波信号，频点数为Nf，所述毫米波天线阵列中第m行第n个天线在各个频点接收到的被测目标的散射强度信号的Imni，人体对相应频点毫米波信号的散射强度统计平均值为
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000002
那么，将第m行第个n天线在各个频点接收到的被测目标的散射强度信号按照下述标准差投影公式进行投影：
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000003
将所述毫米波天线阵列中所有天线投影得到的Imn进行组合，得到二维重建图像。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述对所述三维图像采用准标准差式方式进行投影得到二维重建图像之后还包括：
根据所述二维重建图像识别所述被测人体是否携带有异物。
本发明实施例的另一目的在于提供一种毫米波三维全息成像系统，包括：
回波信号获取单元，用于采用毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射连续频率波，并接收经所述被测人体反射回来的回波信号S(t,θ,z)；
第一傅里叶变换单元，用于对所述回波信号沿时间方向进行傅里叶变换得到在频域中的回波信号S(ω,θ,z)；
第二傅里叶变换单元，用于对所述频域中的回波信号沿角度θ和竖直方向z进行二维傅里叶变换得到空间波数域回波信号S(ω,ξ,kz)；
相位补偿单元，用于对所述空间波数域回波信号进行相位补偿；
第一逆傅里叶变换单元，用于对相位补偿后的回波信号沿θ方向进行一维逆傅里叶变换得到在空间波数域内的采样数据；
插值运算单元，用于所述空间波数域内的采样数据进行非均匀采样向均匀采样的插值运算得到在空间波数域内均匀分布的回波数据；
第二逆傅里叶变换单元，用于对所述在空间波数域内均匀分布的回波数据进行三维逆傅里叶变换得到三维回波数据；
二维图像重建单元，用于对三维回波数据采用准标准差方式进行投影得到二维重建数据，并生成二维图像。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述回波信号获取单元具体用于：
采用圆柱形合成孔径的毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射连续频率波，并接收经所述被测人体反射回来的回波信号S(t,θ,z)。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述相位补偿单元具体用于：
将空间波数域回波信号S(ω,ξ,kz)与相位补偿因子
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000004
相乘得到补偿后的回波信号，其中，R为圆柱形合成孔径的毫米波天线阵列的扫描半径。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述二维图像重建单元具体用于：
令所述毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射的连续频率波为步进频连续波信号，频点数为Nf，所述毫米波天线阵列中第m行第n个天线在各个频点接收到的被测目标的散射强度信号的Imni，人体对相应频点毫米波信号的散射强度统计平均值为
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000005
那么，将第m行第个n天线在各个频点接收到的被测目标的散射强度信号按照下述标准差投影公式进行投影：
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000006
将所述毫米波天线阵列中所有天线投影得到的Imn进行组合，得到二维重建图像。
在上述技术方案的基础上，还包括：
异物识别单元，用于根据所述二维重建图像识别所述被测人体是否携带有异物。
实施本发明实施例提供的一种毫米波三维全息成像方法及系统具有以下有益效果：
本发明实施例通过采用毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射连续频率波，并接收经所述被测人体反射回来的回波信号S(t,θ,z)；对所述回波信号沿时间方向进行傅里叶变换得到在频域中的回波信号S(ω,θ,z)；对所述频域中的回波信号沿角度θ和竖直方向z进行二维傅里叶变换得到空间波数域回波信号S(ω,ξ,kz)；对对所述空间波数域回 波信号进行相位补偿；对相位补偿后的回波信号沿θ方向进行一维逆傅里叶变换得到在空间波数域内的采样数据；所述空间波数域内的采样数据进行非均匀采样向均匀采样的插值运算得到在空间波数域内均匀分布的回波数据；对所述在空间波数域内均匀分布的回波数据进行三维逆傅里叶变换得到三维回波数据；对三维回波数据采用准标准差方式进行投影得到二维重建数据，并生成二维重构图像，从而能够在弱化人体散射信息的前提下突出人体携带的违禁品的散射特征信息，在一定程度上大大降低了违禁物品的漏检率。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种毫米波三维全息成像方法的示意流程图；
图2是本发明实施例中采用圆柱形合成孔径的毫米波天线阵列进行三维全息成像的示意图；
图3是本发明另一实施例提供的一种毫米波三维全息成像方法的示意流程图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的一种毫米波三维全息成像系统的示意性框图；
图5是本发明另一实施例提供的一种毫米波三维全息成像系统的示意性框图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描 述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种毫米波三维全息成像方法的示意流程图。参见图1所示，本实施例提供的一种毫米波三维全息成像方法，可以包括以下步骤：
在S101中，采用毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射连续频率波，并接收经所述被测人体反射回来的回波信号S(t,θ,z)。
在本实施例中，步骤S101具体包括：采用圆柱形合成孔径的毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射连续频率波，并接收经所述被测人体反射回来的回波信号S(t,θ,z)。
图2示出了本发明实施例中采用圆柱形合成孔径的毫米波天线阵列进行三维全息成像的示意图。
参见图2所示，人体位于直角坐标系的中心O点，假设人体的轴心与z轴重合，定义人体成像区域为
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000007
圆柱体，其中，R0为需要成像区域的半径，
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000008
定义天线阵列的长度为LZ，于是，沿着z轴方向的合成孔径长度为LZ，孔径的中心位于z＝ZC的平面。天线阵列以半径为R的圆周绕着人体的轴心旋转，形成了圆周θ方向的合成孔径。定义采样位置是(R,θ,Z)，人体上任一成像位置P的坐标为(x,y,z)，其对应的散射强度为σ(x,y,z)。定义P(t)为天线发射信号，假定天线的辐射方向图在聚束目标区域上是不变的，那么在时域(t,θ,z)中测得P点的回波信号为：
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000010
在S102中，对所述回波信号沿时间方向进行傅里叶变换得到在频域中的回波信号S(ω,θ,z)。
在本实施例中，对式(1)沿着时间t方向进行傅里叶变换得到下式(2)：
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000011
式中，kω＝ω/c波数。实际情况下目标的回波信号是成像区间内多个目标回波信号的累加，由于信号幅度值对于图像聚焦产生的影响很小，此处忽略了信号幅度随着距离的衰减。
在S103中，对所述频域中的回波信号沿角度θ和竖直方向z进行二维傅里叶变换得到空间波数域回波信号S(ω,ξ,kz)。
在本实施例中，公式(2)中的指数项为球面波信号形式，它可以被分解为平面波信号形式，定义ZC-Z＝Z'，球面波信号的分解可以认为是由位于(x,y,z)点的目标发射的平面波信号的累加。平面波分量的色散关系式为：
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000012
式中，kx、ky和kz是kω在空间波数域中沿坐标轴方向的波数分量。在X-Y平面内定义kr波数分量为：
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000013
定义傅里叶变换对
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000014
则结合上述公式可得：
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000016
然后对公式(3)沿角度θ和竖直方向z进行二维傅里叶变换得到空间波数域回波信号：S(ω,ξ,kz)。另外，本实施例中，在沿θ方向对回波信号进行傅里叶变换时用ζ代替θ，在z方向进行一维傅里叶变换时忽略了z和Z'的不同。
在S104中，对所述空间波数域回波信号进行相位补偿。
在本实施例中，步骤S104具体包括：
将空间波数域回波信号S(ω,ξ,kz)与相位补偿因子
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000017
相乘得到补偿后的回波信号
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000018
其中，R为圆柱形合成孔径的毫米波天线阵列的扫描半径。
在S105中，对相位补偿后的回波信号沿θ方向进行一维逆傅里叶变换得到在空间波数域内的采样数据。
在本实施例中，沿θ方向对相位补偿后的回波信号进行一维逆傅里叶变换即可得到公式(4)：
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000019
式中2krcosθ＝kx；2krsinθ＝ky。
在S106中，所述空间波数域内的采样数据进行非均匀采样向均匀采样的插值运算得到在空间波数域内均匀分布的回波数据。
在本实施例中，由于在空间波数域内的采样数据是非均匀分布的，因此，在计算最终三维傅里叶变换获得直角坐标系下的目标散射强度前，需要在(kx,ky,kz)空间波数域中进行非均匀采样向均匀采样的 插值运算。
在S107中，对所述在空间波数域内均匀分布的回波数据进行三维逆傅里叶变换得到三维回波数据。
在本实施例中，对插值后得到的在空间波数域(kx,ky,kz)中均匀分布的回波数据进行三维逆傅里叶变换后即可得到在直角坐标系下目标的散射强度为：
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000020
在S108中，对三维回波数据采用准标准差方式进行投影得到二维重建数据，并生成二维重建图像。
在本实施例中，对于得到的包含三维图像信息的目标散射强度，需要先将其进行投影得到二维图像数据并生成二维图像，然后再通过对二维图像进行处理最终检测并识别出人体携带的违禁物品。由于不同的物体对于不同频点毫米波的散射特性有所不同，在由三维图像数据向二维投影时，为了最大限度的凸显出人体携带异物的散射信息，这里采用了在弱化人体散射信息的前提下增强异物散射信息强度的准标准差式投影方法，具体如下：
令所述毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射的连续频率波为步进频连续波信号，频点数为Nf，所述毫米波天线阵列中第m行第n个天线在各个频点接收到的被测目标的散射强度信号的Imni，人体对相应频点毫米波信号的散射强度统计平均值为
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000021
那么，将第m行第个n天线在各个频点接收到的被测目标的散射强度信号按照下述标准差投影公式进行投影：
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000022
将所述毫米波天线阵列中所有天线投影得到的Imn进行组合，得到二维重建图像。
进一步的，参见图3所示，在另一实施例中，在步骤S108之后还可以包括：
在S109中，根据所述二维重建图像识别所述被测人体是否携带有异物。
本实施例中由于通过采用准标准差式的投影方式获取的二维重建图像能够凸显出人体携带异物的图像信息，削弱人体自身信息的干扰，增强异物和人体在图像中的对比度，从而更有利于异物的识别和检测，可以在一定程度上避免违禁物品漏检的情况。
以上可以看出，本发明实施例提供的毫米波三维全息成像方法通过采用毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射连续频率波，并接收经所述被测人体反射回来的回波信号S(t,θ,z)；对所述回波信号沿时间方向进行傅里叶变换得到在频域中的回波信号S(ω,θ,z)；对所述频域中的回波信号沿角度θ和竖直方向z进行二维傅里叶变换得到空间波数域回波信号S(ω,ξ,kz)；对所述空间波数域回波信号进行相位补偿；对相位补偿后的回波信号沿θ方向进行一维逆傅里叶变换得到在空间波数域内的采样数据；所述空间波数域内的采样数据进行非均匀采样向均匀采样的插值运算得到在空间波数域内均匀分布的回波数据；对所述在空间波数域内均匀分布的回波数据进行三维逆傅里叶变换得到三维回波数据；对三维回波数据采用准标准差方式进行投影达到二维重 建数据，并生成二维重构图像，从而能够在弱化人体散射信息的前提下突出人体携带的违禁品的散射特征信息，在一定程度上大大降低了违禁物品的漏检率。
图4是本发明实施例提供的一种毫米波三维全息成像系统的示意性框图，该系统用于运行图1所示实施例提供的方法。为了便于说明仅仅示出了与本实施例相关的部分。
参见图4所示，本实施例提供的一种毫米三维全息成像系统包括：
回波信号获取单元1，用于采用毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射连续频率波，并接收经所述被测人体反射回来的回波信号S(t,θ,z)；
第一傅里叶变换单元2，用于对所述回波信号沿时间方向进行傅里叶变换得到在频域中的回波信号S(ω,θ,z)；
第二傅里叶变换单元3，用于对所述频域中的回波信号沿角度θ和竖直方向z进行二维傅里叶变换得到空间波数域回波信号S(ω,ξ,kz)；
相位补偿单元4，用于对所述空间波数域回波信号进行相位补偿；
第一逆傅里叶变换单元5，用于对相位补偿后的回波信号沿θ方向进行一维逆傅里叶变换得到在空间波数域内的采样数据；
插值运算单元6，用于所述空间波数域内的采样数据进行非均匀采样向均匀采样的插值运算得到在空间波数域内均匀分布的回波数据；
第二逆傅里叶变换单元7，用于对所述在空间波数域内均匀分布的回波数据进行三维逆傅里叶变换得到三维回波数据；
二维图像重建单元8，用于对三维回波数据采用准标准差方式进行投影得到二维重建数据，并生成二维图像。
可选的，所述回波信号获取单元1具体用于：
采用圆柱形合成孔径的毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射连续频率波，并接收经所述被测人体反射回来的回波信号S(t,θ,z)。
可选的，所述相位补偿单元4具体用于：
将空间波数域回波信号S(ω,ξ,kz)与相位补偿因子
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000023
相乘得到补偿后的回波信号，其中，R为圆柱形合成孔径的毫米波天线阵列的扫描半径。
可选的，所述二维图像重建单元8具体用于：
令所述毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射的连续频率波为步进频连续波信号，频点数为Nf，所述毫米波天线阵列中第m行第n个天线在各个频点接收到的被测目标的散射强度信号的Imni，人体对相应频点毫米波信号的散射强度统计平均值为
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000024
那么，将第m行第个n天线在各个频点接收到的被测目标的散射强度信号按照下述标准差投影公式进行投影：
Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-000025
将所述毫米波天线阵列中所有天线投影得到的Imn进行组合，得到二维重建图像。
可选的，参见图5所示，在另一实施例中，所述毫米波三维全息 成像系统，还包括：
异物识别单元9，用于根据所述二维重建图像识别所述被测人体是否携带有异物。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例提供的上述终端中各个单元，由于与本发明图方法实施例基于同一构思，其带来的技术效果与本发明方法实施例相同，具体内容可参见本发明方法实施例中的叙述，此处不再赘述。
因此，可以看出本发明实施例提供的毫米波三维全息成像系统同样能够在弱化人体散射信息的前提下突出人体携带的违禁品的散射特征信息，在一定程度上大大降低了违禁物品的漏检率。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种毫米波三维全息成像方法，其特征在于，包括：
    采用毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射连续频率波，并接收经所述被测人体反射回来的回波信号S(t,θ,z)；
    对所述回波信号沿时间方向进行傅里叶变换得到在频域中的回波信号S(ω,θ,z)；
    对所述频域中的回波信号沿角度θ和竖直方向z进行二维傅里叶变换得到空间波数域回波信号S(ω,ξ,kz)；
    对所述空间波数域回波信号进行相位补偿；
    对相位补偿后的回波信号沿θ方向进行一维逆傅里叶变换得到在空间波数域内的采样数据；
    所述空间波数域内的采样数据进行非均匀采样向均匀采样的插值运算得到在空间波数域内均匀分布的回波数据；
    对所述在空间波数域内均匀分布的回波数据进行三维逆傅里叶变换得到三维回波数据；
    对所述三维回波数据采用准标准差方式进行投影得到二维重建数据，并生成二维图像。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的毫米波三维全息成像方法，其特征在于，所述采用毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射连续频率波，并接收经所述被测人体反射回来的回波信号S(t,θ,z)具体包括：
    采用圆柱形合成孔径的毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射连续频率波，并接收经所述被测人体反射回来的回波信号S(t,θ,z)。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的毫米波三维全息成像方法，其特征在于，所述对所述空间波数域回波信号进行相位补偿具体包括：
    将空间波数域回波信号S(ω,ξ,kz)与相位补偿因子
    Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-100001
    相乘得到补偿后的回波信号，其中，R为圆柱形合成孔径的毫米波天线阵列的扫描半 径。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的毫米波三维全息成像方法，其特征在于，所述对所述三维图像采用准标准差式方式进行投影得到二维重建图像具体包括：
    令所述毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射的连续频率波为步进频连续波信号，频点数为Nf，所述毫米波天线阵列中第m行第n个天线在各个频点接收到的被测目标的散射强度信号的Imni，人体对相应频点毫米波信号的散射强度统计平均值为
    Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-100002
    那么，将第m行第n个天线在各个频点接收到的被测目标的散射强度信号按照下述标准差投影公式进行投影：
    Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-100003
    将所述毫米波天线阵列中所有天线投影得到的Imn进行组合，得到二维重建图像。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的毫米波三维全息成像方法，其特征在于，所述对所述三维图像采用准标准差式方式进行投影得到二维重建图像之后还包括：
    根据所述二维重建图像识别所述被测人体是否携带有异物。
  6. 一种毫米波三维全息成像系统，其特征在于，包括：
    回波信号获取单元，用于采用毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射连续频率波，并接收经所述被测人体反射回来的回波信号S(t,θ,z)；
    第一傅里叶变换单元，用于对所述回波信号沿时间方向进行傅里叶变换得到在频域中的回波信号S(ω,θ,z)；
    第二傅里叶变换单元，用于对所述频域中的回波信号沿角度θ和竖直方向z进行二维傅里叶变换得到空间波数域回波信号S(ω,ξ,kz)；
    相位补偿单元，用于对所述空间波数域回波信号进行相位补偿；
    第一逆傅里叶变换单元，用于对相位补偿后的回波信号沿θ方向进行一维逆傅里叶变换得到在空间波数域内的采样数据；
    插值运算单元，用于所述空间波数域内的采样数据进行非均匀采样向均匀采样的插值运算得到在空间波数域内均匀分布的回波数据；
    第二逆傅里叶变换单元，用于对所述在空间波数域内均匀分布的回波数据进行三维逆傅里叶变换得到三维回波数据；
    二维图像重建单元，用于对三维回波数据采用准标准差方式进行投影得到二维重建数据，并生成二维重构图像。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的毫米波三维全息成像系统，其特征在于，所述回波信号获取单元具体用于：
    采用圆柱形合成孔径的毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射连续频率波，并接收经所述被测人体反射回来的回波信号S(t,θ,z)。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的毫米波三维全息成像系统，其特征在于，所述相位补偿单元具体用于：
    将空间波数域回波信号S(ω,ξ,kz)与相位补偿因子
    Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-100004
    相乘得到补偿后的回波信号，其中，R为圆柱形合成孔径的毫米波天线阵列的扫描半径。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的毫米波三维全息成像系统，其特征在于，所述二维图像重建单元具体用于：
    令所述毫米波天线阵列向被测人体发射的连续频率波为步进频连续波信号，频点数为Nf，所述毫米波天线阵列中第m行第n个天线在各个频点接收到的被测目标的散射强度信号的Imni，人体对相应频点毫米波信号的散射强度统计平均值为
    Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-100005
    那么，将第m行第n个天线在各个频点接收到的被测目标的散射强度信号按照下述标准差投影公式进行投影：
    Figure PCTCN2017096102-appb-100006
    将所述毫米波天线阵列中所有天线投影得到的Imn进行组合，得到二维重建图像。
  10. 如权利要求6所述的毫米波三维全息成像系统，其特征在于，还包括：
    异物识别单元，用于根据所述二维重建图像识别所述被测人体是否携带有异物。
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