WO2018033005A1 - 一种双行星机构组成的机械无极变速方法及无级变速机构 - Google Patents

一种双行星机构组成的机械无极变速方法及无级变速机构 Download PDF

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WO2018033005A1
WO2018033005A1 PCT/CN2017/096699 CN2017096699W WO2018033005A1 WO 2018033005 A1 WO2018033005 A1 WO 2018033005A1 CN 2017096699 W CN2017096699 W CN 2017096699W WO 2018033005 A1 WO2018033005 A1 WO 2018033005A1
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gear
planetary
shaft
planetary group
group
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PCT/CN2017/096699
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English (en)
French (fr)
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钟跃荣
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钟跃荣
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/76Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with an orbital gear having teeth formed or arranged for obtaining multiple gear ratios, e.g. nearly infinitely variable
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously

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  • the invention relates to the field of continuously variable shifting, in particular to a mechanical stepless shifting method composed of a double planetary mechanism and a continuously variable shifting mechanism.
  • transmissions are commonly used in lathes, automobiles, and other mechanical devices and equipment that require shifting.
  • the transmission is one of the necessary components for the car to operate.
  • the car changes the torque on the crankshaft of the engine through the transmission, thereby changing the speed of the car and adapting to different driving conditions.
  • Infinitely variable speed refers to a shifting system that can continuously obtain an arbitrary gear ratio within the shift range.
  • the car can make the best match between the transmission system and the engine.
  • document CN 105370850 A discloses a shifting device which realizes mechanical stepless shifting by means of cooperation of a plurality of gears with a differential and a carrier, which reduces the cost and improves the feedback rate if on the vehicle.
  • the utility model has the advantages of compact structure and convenient installation and installation than the conventional gearbox; low cost, high efficiency, high reliability, low maintenance and maintenance cost; no complicated control is required, and the calibration work in the development process can be saved.
  • the shifting device employs a differential, and there is a problem that the noise is larger than the planetary mechanism and the manufacturing cost is high at a high rotational speed, and therefore the shifting device still needs further improvement.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a mechanical continuously variable transmission, which can reduce cost, improve efficiency, and a purely mechanical continuously variable transmission method without complicated control.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a mechanical infinitely variable speed method composed of a double planetary mechanism, which is composed of two sets of planetary mechanisms connected in series, and the power is input by the sun gear of the first planetary group, and the planet of the first planetary group
  • the frame is coupled to the sun gear of the second planetary group
  • the ring gear of the first planetary group is coupled with the ring gear of the second planetary group
  • the carrier of the second planetary group serves as an output shaft
  • the ring gear of the first planetary group is coupled with the ring gear of the second planetary group by gear or chain transmission
  • the ring gear of the first planetary group is opposite to the rotation direction of the ring gear of the second planetary group.
  • the output shaft on the second planetary group has the same direction of rotation as the ring gear.
  • a one-way clutch is coupled between the input end of the first planetary group and the output end of the second planetary set.
  • the one-way clutch is placed on any shaft, gear or ring gear other than the sun gear in the first planetary group and the second planetary group, the carrier, and the shaft on the sun gear and the planet carrier.
  • the role of the one-way clutch is to prevent the resistance on the output shaft from being too large, resulting in the rotation of the entire system without the outward output force, if it is installed in the first planetary group and the second planetary group, the sun gear, the carrier When the sun gear and the shaft on the planet carrier are in these positions, the effect of preventing the rotation cannot be achieved.
  • a continuously variable transmission mechanism made according to a mechanical infinitely variable speed method composed of a double planetary mechanism, comprising a first planetary group and a second planetary group, the first planetary group In series with the second planetary group, the first planetary group is provided with a first sun gear and a first planet carrier, and the first sun gear and the first planet carrier are connected by two first planetary wheels, and the second planetary group is internally provided.
  • the continuously variable shifting mechanism has two modes, namely gear coupling and chain coupling. Below Explain the two ways separately:
  • the first planetary group further includes a first ring gear
  • the second planetary group further includes a second ring gear.
  • the first ring gear is fixed with a first gear
  • the second ring gear is fixed with a second gear.
  • the first ring gear and the second ring gear are each provided with internal teeth, and the internal teeth are respectively meshed with the corresponding planetary gears.
  • the first gear is mounted on the outside of the first ring gear and the second gear is mounted on the outside of the second ring gear. It is also possible to provide external teeth on the first ring gear and the second ring gear instead of the first gear and the second gear.
  • the continuously variable shifting mechanism further includes a second shaft and a third shaft, the third shaft is provided with a third gear and a fourth gear, and the third shaft is provided with a fifth gear and a sixth gear, and the third gear is The first gear meshes, the fourth gear meshes with the fifth gear, and the sixth gear meshes with the second gear.
  • first planetary group is provided with not less than one set of the first sun gear, the first planet carrier and the first planet gear
  • second planetary group is provided with not less than one set of the second The sun gear, the second planet carrier and the second planet gear.
  • a one-way clutch is disposed on the third shaft.
  • the one-way clutch on the third shaft is disposed between the fifth gear and the sixth gear.
  • the first planet carrier is mounted on a first shaft
  • the second sun gear is mounted on a second shaft
  • the second shaft is parallel to the first shaft
  • the first shaft and the second shaft are coupled together by a chain.
  • first planetary group further includes a first ring gear
  • second planetary group further includes The second ring gear, the first ring gear meshes with the second ring gear, and the one-way clutch is coupled to the first ring gear.
  • the force is input from the input shaft to the first planetary group, and the first planetary group transmits the force from the first shaft and the first gear to the second planetary group, respectively.
  • the first gear transmits the force to the second planetary group by: engaging the first gear with the third gear, passing the second shaft and the third shaft, and finally passing the sixth gear and the second gear. Passed to the ring gear of the second planetary group. Therefore, the second planetary group is subjected to the force transmitted from the two paths of the first planetary group, and is transmitted to the output shaft to form a resultant moment.
  • the fourth gear and the fifth gear function to change the transmission direction on the ring gear of the first planetary group, and ensure the rotation and the input shaft of the outer ring of the second planetary group under the action of the one-way clutch on the third shaft The direction of rotation is the same.
  • the first planetary group divides the force into equal two moments in any case (by setting the first sun gear, first The number of teeth of the planet carrier and the first ring gear is applied to the second planetary group by the relevant connection relationship in the present invention: the transmission direction of the first torque is the force of the input shaft received by the first sun gear and then passes through The engagement of a sun gear with the first planet carrier is further transmitted to the second sun gear of the second planetary group, and the second torque is transmitted by the first sun gear receiving the input shaft force and then passing the first sun gear The connection of the first ring gear is then transmitted by the respective gears to the second ring gear of the second planetary set. In this way, the output shaft is subjected to a common force of two moments.
  • the first ring gear and the second ring gear stop rotating.
  • the first ring gear on the first planetary group When the output shaft is subjected to resistance and the resistance torque is less than the maximum torque that can be generated by the self-structure of the present invention, the first ring gear on the first planetary group generates a rotation opposite to the input shaft by the first gear. Over-bridge teeth on the two-axis and third-axis - the fourth gear and the fifth gear transmit force to the second gear of the second planetary group, thereby driving the second ring gear of the second planetary group to rotate, and second The direction of rotation of the ring gear coincides with the direction of motion of the second sun gear given by the first axis. Due to the principle of the planetary reducer itself, the speed of the output shaft is increased by the torque of two identical steerings. The torque of the output shaft, and the system of the invention can adjust the output torque and speed according to the change of the external resistance torque at any time due to the special mechanical action of the planetary reducer, thereby realizing the perfect mechanical intelligent stepless shift or change. Moment.
  • the over-bridge tooth is used to adjust the transmission direction of the force and the loss of the placement torque, thereby ensuring that the second ring gear of the second planetary group is not subjected to the outside due to the output shaft.
  • the effect of the torque causes the reversal and the power is wasted, thus achieving the best transmission effect.
  • the one-way clutch is to prevent the system of the present invention from being subjected to an external force, so that the torque of the power output is self-digested in the system to generate internal rotation.
  • the way of chain connection is similar to the way of using gear connection. The difference is only that the chain connection method uses chain to change the steering, and the gear connection method uses the bridge tooth - the fourth gear and the first Five gears to change the steering.
  • the invention can be rooted at any time by the series connection of two planetary groups According to the change of the external resistance torque, the output torque and speed are adjusted by itself, so that the perfect mechanical intelligent stepless speed change is realized, and the invention adopts the gear transmission mode, and has the advantages of strong durability, low cost and high efficiency.
  • the present invention couples a one-way clutch between the two planetary groups to prevent internal rotation from occurring.
  • FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of the gear coupling structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 - is a schematic view of the chain connecting structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 - is a schematic view showing a first variation of the gear coupling structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 - is a schematic view showing a second variation of the gear coupling structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 - is a schematic structural view of Figure 1 after adding a one-way clutch
  • Figure 6 - is a schematic view of the structure of Figure 2 after adding a one-way clutch.
  • L in - input shaft L 1 - first axis, L 2 - second axis, L 3 - third axis, L 4 - fourth axis, L out - output shaft, B 1 - first planetary group , B 2 - second planetary group, B 11 - first sun gear, B 12 - first planetary gear, B 13 - first planet carrier, B 14 - first ring gear, B 21 - second sun gear, B 22 - second planetary gear, B 23 - second planet carrier, B 24 - second ring gear, L out - output shaft, Z 1 - first gear, Z 2 - second gear, Z 3 - third gear, Z 4 - fourth gear, Z 5 - fifth gear, Z 6 - sixth gear, CH - chain, C - one-way clutch.
  • a continuously variable transmission mechanism composed of a double planetary mechanism includes a first planetary group B 1 and a second planetary group B 2 , and a first planetary group B 1 and The two planetary groups B 2 are connected in series, and the first planetary group B 1 is provided with a first sun gear B 11 and a first planet carrier B 13 , and the first sun gear B 11 and the first planet carrier B 13 pass two first The planetary gears B 12 are connected, and the second planetary group B 2 is provided with a second sun gear B 21 and a second planet carrier B 23 , and the second sun gear B 21 and the second planet carrier B 23 pass through the two second planetary gears B 22 is connected, a first sun gear B 21 is mounted on the input shaft L in, the first carrier and the second sun gear B 13 B 21 is coupled via a first axis L 1, the second planetary carrier mounted on the output shaft B 23 L out on.
  • the first planetary group B 1 further includes a first ring gear B 14
  • the second planetary group B 2 further includes a second ring gear B 24
  • the first gear ring B 14 is fixed with a first gear Z 1 and a second tooth A second gear Z 2 is fixed to the ring B 24 .
  • the continuously variable transmission mechanism further includes a second shaft L 2 and a third shaft L 3 , a third gear Z 3 and a fourth gear Z 4 are disposed on the second shaft L 2 , and a fifth gear is disposed on the third shaft L 3 Z 5 and a sixth gear Z 6 , the third gear Z 3 meshes with the first gear Z 1 , the fourth gear Z 4 meshes with the fifth gear Z 5 , and the sixth gear Z 6 meshes with the second gear Z 2 .
  • a continuously variable transmission mechanism composed of a double planetary mechanism includes a first planetary group B 1 and a second planetary group B 2 , and a first planetary group B 1 and The two planetary groups B 2 are connected in series, and the first planetary group B 1 is provided with a first sun gear B 11 and a first planet carrier B 13 , and the first sun gear B 11 and the first planet carrier B 13 pass two first The planetary gears B 12 are connected, and the second planetary group B 2 is provided with a second sun gear B 21 and a second planet carrier B 23 , and the second sun gear B 21 and the second planet carrier B 23 pass through the two second planetary gears B 22 is connected, a first sun gear B 21 is mounted on the input shaft L in, the first carrier and the second sun gear B 13 B 21 is coupled through a chain CH, a second carrier B 23 mounted on the output shaft L out.
  • first planet carrier B 13 is mounted on a first axis L 1
  • second sun gear B 21 is mounted on a second axis L 2
  • the second axis L 2 is parallel to the first axis L 1 .
  • the first axis L 1 and the second axis L 2 are coupled together by a chain CH.
  • the first planetary group B 1 further includes a first ring gear B 14
  • the second planetary group B 2 further includes a second ring gear B 24
  • the first ring gear B 14 is meshed with the second ring gear B 24 .
  • a continuously variable transmission mechanism composed of a dual planetary mechanism includes a first planetary group B 1 and a second planetary group B 2 , and a first planetary group B 1 and The two planetary groups B 2 are connected in series, and the first planetary group B 1 is provided with a first sun gear B 11 and a first planet carrier B 13 , and the first sun gear B 11 and the first planet carrier B 13 pass two first The planetary gears B 12 are connected, and the second planetary group B 2 is provided with a second sun gear B 21 and a second planet carrier B 23 , and the second sun gear B 21 and the second planet carrier B 23 pass through the two second planetary gears B 22 is connected, the first planetary group B 1 further includes a first ring gear B 14 , the first ring gear B 14 is meshed with the two first planet wheels B 12 , and the first ring gear B 14 is mounted on the outer ring A gear Z 1 , the second planetary group B 2 further includes a second
  • the continuously variable transmission mechanism further includes an input shaft L in, L in the input shaft and connected to the first sun gear B 11, B 13 by the first carrier a first axis L 1 and the second ring gear B 24 is connected.
  • the second sun gear B 21 is coupled to the second gear Z 2 via a fourth axis L 4 , and the second planet carrier B 23 directly acts as an output shaft L out .
  • the continuously variable transmission mechanism further includes a second shaft L 2 and a third shaft L 3 , a third gear Z 3 and a fourth gear Z 4 are disposed on the second shaft L 2 , and a fifth gear is disposed on the third shaft L 3 Z 5 and the sixth gear Z 6 , the third gear Z 3 meshes with the first gear Z 1 , the fourth gear Z 4 meshes with the fifth gear Z 5 , and the sixth gear Z 6 meshes with the second gear Z 2 .
  • Embodiment 3 is a structural change of Embodiment 1, which is each made by a mechanical stepless shifting method composed of a double planetary mechanism as described herein. Accordingly, various mechanical structural variations employing the method are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
  • a continuously variable transmission mechanism composed of a double planetary mechanism includes a first planetary group B 1 and a second planetary group B 2 , and a first planetary group B 1 and The two planetary groups B 2 are connected in series, and the first planetary group B 1 is provided with a first sun gear B 11 and a first planet carrier B 13 , and the first sun gear B 11 and the first planet carrier B 13 pass two first The planetary gears B 12 are connected, and the second planetary group B 2 is provided with a second sun gear B 21 and a second planet carrier B 23 , and the second sun gear B 21 and the second planet carrier B 23 pass through the two second planetary gears B 22 connected, the first planetary group B 1 further includes a first ring gear B 14 , the first ring gear B 14 meshes with the two first planet wheels B 12 , and the second planetary group B 2 further includes a second ring gear B 24 , the second ring gear B 24 is meshed with the two second
  • the continuously variable transmission mechanism further includes a first shaft L 1 and an input shaft L in , the first shaft L 1 is connected to the first sun gear B 11 and the first gear Z 1 , and the first ring gear B 14 is connected to the input shaft L in .
  • the first planet carrier B 13 is coupled to the second sun gear B 21 via a fourth axis L 4 , and the second planet carrier B 23 directly acts as an output shaft L out .
  • the continuously variable transmission mechanism further includes a second shaft L 2 and a third shaft L 3 , a third gear Z 3 and a fourth gear Z 4 are disposed on the second shaft L 2 , and a fifth gear is disposed on the third shaft L 3 Z 5 and the sixth gear Z 6 , the third gear Z 3 meshes with the first gear Z 1 , the fourth gear Z 4 meshes with the fifth gear Z 5 , and the sixth gear Z 6 meshes with the second gear Z 2 .
  • Embodiment 4 is a structural change of Embodiment 1, which is each made by a mechanical stepless shifting method consisting of a double planetary mechanism as described herein. Accordingly, various mechanical structural variations employing the method are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
  • Example 5 Example 1 is substantially the same, except that: in Example 5, further comprising a one-way clutch C, C-way clutch connected in parallel between the input shaft and the output shaft L in L out.
  • the one-way clutch C is placed on the third shaft L 3 .
  • the one-way clutch C on the third shaft L 3 is disposed between the fifth gear Z 5 and the sixth gear Z 6 .
  • Embodiment 6 is substantially identical to Embodiment 2 except that the one-way clutch C is coupled to the input shaft L in and the output shaft Lout.
  • the one-way clutch C is coupled to the first ring gear B 14 .

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Abstract

一种双行星机构组成的机械无极变速方法及无级变速机构,其中的无级变速机构由两个串联在一起的行星组构成。通过多个齿轮或链条的联接,实现了纯机械式无级变速。通过两个行星组的串联,能够随时根据外接阻力矩的变化而自行调节输出的力矩与速度,从而实现完美的机械智能式的无级变速,并且采用的是齿轮传动的方式,具有噪音小、耐用性强、成本低、效率高等优点。另外,在两个行星组的中间联接了一个单向离合器,能够防止内部自转的发生。

Description

一种双行星机构组成的机械无极变速方法及无级变速机构 技术领域
本发明涉及无级变速领域,尤其是涉及一种双行星机构组成的机械无极变速方法及无级变速机构。
背景技术
目前,变速器通常被用在车床、汽车以及其他需要变速的机械装置和设备上。比如在汽车中,变速器是汽车进行运转的必要部件之一,汽车通过变速器改变发动机曲轴上的扭力,从而改变汽车的速率,适应不同的行驶条件。
目前各行业大量使用变速器,尤其是在汽车行业存在各种变速器方案,如MT、AMT、AT、CVT、DCT等,每种方案都存在其优缺点。
Figure PCTCN2017096699-appb-000001
随着科技的进步,现在最常用的变速器为无级变速器。无级变速是指:在变速范围内,能够连续获得任意传动比的变速系统。汽车通过无级变速器的作用可以使传动系统与发动机产生最佳匹配的效果。
从上表中所示的现有技术中的各种无级变速器,存在着各种各样的问题。为了解决这些问题,文献CN 105370850 A公开了一种变速装置,通过多个齿轮与差速器、行星架的配合,实现机械式无级变速,降低了成本,提高了反馈速率,如果在汽车上使用,比传统变速箱结构紧凑便于安装布置;成本低,效率高,可靠性高,降低了使用维护费用;无需复杂控制,可节省开发过程中的标定工作。但是,该变速装置采用差速器,高转速时存在如噪音比行星机构大、制造成本高等问题,因此该变速装置仍然需要进一步改进。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题,是为了克服现有技术的不足,提供一种机械无级变速器,能够降低成本、提高效率,并且无需复杂控制的纯机械式无级变速方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种双行星机构组成的机械无极变速方法,由两组行星机构串联组成,动力由第一行星组的太阳轮输入,第一行星组的行星架与第二行星组的太阳轮联接, 第一行星组的齿圈与第二行星组的齿圈联接,第二行星组的行星架做输出轴,第一行星组的齿圈与第二行星组的齿圈联接是通过齿轮或链条传动,第一行星组的齿圈与第二行星组的齿圈转动方向相反。
进一步地,所述第二行星组上的输出轴与其齿圈的转动方向相同。
进一步地,所述第一行星组的输入端与第二行星组的输出端之间联接有单向离合器。
进一步地,所述单向离合器置于除了第一行星组和第二行星组中的太阳轮、行星架及太阳轮与行星架上的轴之外的任意轴、齿轮或齿圈上。
单向离合器的作用是为了防止输出轴上的阻力太大而导致整个系统内部产生无向外输出力的自转,如果将其安装到第一行星组和第二行星组中的太阳轮、行星架及太阳轮与行星架上的轴这些位置上时,则不能实现防止自转的作用。
本发明进一步解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种根据双行星机构组成的机械无极变速方法所制成的无级变速机构,包括第一行星组和第二行星组,第一行星组与第二行星组串联,所述第一行星组内设有第一太阳轮、第一行星架,第一太阳轮与第一行星架通过两个第一行星轮连接,第二行星组内设有第二太阳轮、第二行星架,第二太阳轮与第二行星架通过两个第二行星轮连接,第一太阳轮安装在输入轴上,第一行星架与第二太阳轮通过第一轴或链条联接,第二行星架安装在输出轴上,输入轴与输出轴内联接有单向离合器。
该无级变速机构有两种方式,分别为齿轮联接和链条联接。下面 分别对这两种方式进行说明:
采用齿轮联接的方式:
所述第一行星组还包括第一齿圈,第二行星组还包括第二齿圈,第一齿圈上固定有第一齿轮,第二齿圈上固定有第二齿轮。
第一齿圈和第二齿圈上均设有内齿,内齿分别与对应的行星轮啮合。第一齿轮安装在第一齿圈的外侧,第二齿轮安装在第二齿圈的外侧。还可以在第一齿圈和第二齿圈上开设外齿,替代掉第一齿轮和第二齿轮。
进一步地,该无级变速机构还包括第二轴和第三轴,第二轴上设有第三齿轮和第四齿轮,第三轴上设有第五齿轮和第六齿轮,第三齿轮与第一齿轮啮合,第四齿轮与第五齿轮啮合,第六齿轮与第二齿轮啮合。
进一步地,所述第一行星组中设有不少于一组的第一太阳轮、第一行星架和第一行星轮,所述第二行星组中设有不少于一组的第二太阳轮、第二行星架和第二行星轮。
进一步地,所述第三轴上设有单向离合器。
进一步地,所述第三轴上的单向离合器设置在第五齿轮和第六齿轮之间。
采用链条联接的方式:
所述第一行星架安装在第一轴上,所述第二太阳轮安装在第二轴上,第二轴与第一轴平行,第一轴与第二轴通过链条联接在一起。
进一步地,所述第一行星组还包括第一齿圈,第二行星组还包括 第二齿圈,第一齿圈与第二齿圈啮合,所述单向离合器联接在第一齿圈上。
本发明的原理为:
以采用齿轮联接的方式为例:
1、力的传递路径:
力由输入轴输入到第一行星组上,第一行星组将力由第一轴以及第一齿轮分别传递到第二行星组上。其中,第一齿轮将力传递至第二行星组的过程为:通过第一齿轮与第三齿轮的啮合,再经由第二轴和第三轴,最终通过第六齿轮与第二齿轮的啮合而传递到第二行星组的齿圈上。因此,第二行星组受到来自第一行星组的两条路径传输过来的力,进而传送到输出轴上,形成合力矩。其中,第四齿轮和第五齿轮的作用是改变第一行星组齿圈上的传动方向,在第三轴上的单向离合器的共同作用下,确保第二行星组外圈的转动与输入轴的转动方向一致。
2、本发明的原理:
由于行星减速器本身具有惰性,当输入轴将力输入到第一行星组上时,第一行星组在任何情况下都会将该力分成相等的两个力矩(通过设置第一太阳轮、第一行星架、第一齿圈的齿数),通过本发明中的相关连接关系,作用到第二行星组上:第一个力矩的传输方向即是由第一太阳轮接收输入轴的力然后通过第一太阳轮与第一行星架的啮合进一步传送到第二行星组的第二太阳轮上,第二个力矩的传输方向即是由第一太阳轮接收输入轴的力然后通过第一太阳轮与第一齿圈的连接再由各个齿轮传递到第二行星组的第二齿圈上。这样,便使得输出轴受到两个力矩的共同作用力。
当输出轴受到阻力力矩达到由本发明的自身结构所能产生的最大力矩时,第一齿圈和第二齿圈停止转动。
当输出轴受到阻力,且阻力力矩小于由本发明的自身结构所能产生的最大力矩时,第一行星组上的第一齿圈在第一齿轮的带动下产生与输入轴相反的转动,由第二轴和第三轴上的过桥齿——第四齿轮和第五齿轮将力传递到第二行星组的第二齿轮上,从而带动第二行星组的第二齿圈旋转,并且第二齿圈的旋转方向与第一轴所给予第二太阳轮的运动旋转方向一致,由于行星减速器本身的原理,这时,输出轴的速度由于受到两个相同转向的力矩累加作用,进而增加了输出轴的力矩,并且本发明的系统由于行星减速器的特殊的机械作用,随时可以根据外界阻力矩的变化而自行调节输出的力矩与速度,从而实现完美的机械智能式的无级变速或变矩。
3、本发明中过桥齿——第四齿轮和第五齿轮的作用:
因为行星组中的行星架与齿圈的转动方向相反,过桥齿则用以调节力的传递方向和放置力矩的损耗,从而保证第二行星组的第二齿圈不会因为输出轴受到外界力矩的影响引起反转而让动力白白地浪费,进而达到最佳的传动效果。
4、单向离合器的作用:
单向离合器是为了防止本发明的系统因受到外力的作用,使动力输出的力矩在系统中自行消化,产生内部自转。
采用链条联接的方式与采用齿轮联接的方式在原理上相似,其不同点仅仅在于:采用链条联接的方式是采用链条改变转向,采用齿轮联接的方式是采用过桥齿——第四齿轮和第五齿轮来改变转向。
本发明的有益效果:本发明通过两个行星组的串联,能够随时根 据外接阻力矩的变化而自行调节输出的力矩与速度,从而实现完美的机械智能式的无级变速,并且本发明采用的是齿轮传动的方式,具有耐用性强、成本低、效率高等优点。另外,本发明在两个行星组的中间联接了一个单向离合器,能够防止内部自转的发生。
以下结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
附图说明
图1—为本发明的齿轮联接结构示意图;
图2—为本发明的链条联接结构示意图;
图3—为本发明的齿轮联接结构第一种变型示意图;
图4—为本发明的齿轮联接结构第二种变型示意图;
图5—为图1加上单向离合器之后的结构示意图;
图6—为图2加上单向离合器之后的结构示意图。
图中:Lin—输入轴,L1—第一轴,L2—第二轴,L3—第三轴,L4—第四轴,Lout—输出轴,B1—第一行星组,B2—第二行星组,B11—第一太阳轮,B12—第一行星轮,B13—第一行星架,B14—第一齿圈、B21—第二太阳轮,B22—第二行星轮,B23—第二行星架,B24—第二齿圈,Lout—输出轴,Z1—第一齿轮,Z2—第二齿轮,Z3—第三齿轮,Z4—第四齿轮,Z5—第五齿轮,Z6—第六齿轮,CH—链条,C—单向离合器。
具体实施方式
实施例1
如图1所示,一种根据双行星机构组成的机械无极变速方法所制成的无级变速机构,包括第一行星组B1和第二行星组B2,第一行星 组B1与第二行星组B2串联,所述第一行星组B1内设有第一太阳轮B11、第一行星架B13,第一太阳轮B11与第一行星架B13通过两个第一行星轮B12连接,第二行星组B2内设有第二太阳轮B21、第二行星架B23,第二太阳轮B21与第二行星架B23通过两个第二行星轮B22连接,第一太阳轮B21安装在输入轴Lin上,第一行星架B13与第二太阳轮B21通过第一轴L1联接,第二行星架B23安装在输出轴Lout上。
所述第一行星组B1还包括第一齿圈B14,第二行星组B2还包括第二齿圈B24,第一齿圈B14上固定有第一齿轮Z1,第二齿圈B24上固定有第二齿轮Z2
该无级变速机构还包括第二轴L2和第三轴L3,第二轴L2上设有第三齿轮Z3和第四齿轮Z4,第三轴L3上设有第五齿轮Z5和第六齿轮Z6,第三齿轮Z3与第一齿轮Z1啮合,第四齿轮Z4与第五齿轮Z5啮合,第六齿轮Z6与第二齿轮Z2啮合。
实施例2
如图2所示,一种根据双行星机构组成的机械无极变速方法所制成的无级变速机构,包括第一行星组B1和第二行星组B2,第一行星组B1与第二行星组B2串联,所述第一行星组B1内设有第一太阳轮B11、第一行星架B13,第一太阳轮B11与第一行星架B13通过两个第一行星轮B12连接,第二行星组B2内设有第二太阳轮B21、第二行星架B23,第二太阳轮B21与第二行星架B23通过两个第二行星轮B22连接,第一太阳轮B21安装在输入轴Lin上,第一行星架B13与第二太阳轮B21通过链条CH联接,第二行星架B23安装在输出轴Lout上。
具体的,所述第一行星架B13安装在第一轴L1上,所述第二太阳轮B21安装在第二轴L2上,第二轴L2与第一轴L1平行,第一轴L1与第二轴L2通过链条CH联接在一起。
具体的,所述第一行星组B1还包括第一齿圈B14,第二行星组B2还包括第二齿圈B24,第一齿圈B14与第二齿圈B24啮合。
实施例3
如图3所示,一种根据双行星机构组成的机械无极变速方法所制成的无级变速机构,包括第一行星组B1和第二行星组B2,第一行星组B1与第二行星组B2串联,所述第一行星组B1内设有第一太阳轮B11、第一行星架B13,第一太阳轮B11与第一行星架B13通过两个第一行星轮B12连接,第二行星组B2内设有第二太阳轮B21、第二行星架B23,第二太阳轮B21与第二行星架B23通过两个第二行星轮B22连接,所述第一行星组B1还包括第一齿圈B14,第一齿圈B14与两个第一行星轮B12啮合,第一齿圈B14的外圈上安装有第一齿轮Z1,第二行星组B2还包括第二齿圈B24,第二齿圈B24与两个第二行星轮B22啮合。
该无级变速机构还包括输入轴Lin,输入轴Lin与第一太阳轮B11连接,第一行星架B13通过第一轴L1与第二齿圈B24连接。第二太阳轮B21通过第四轴L4与第二齿轮Z2连接,第二行星架B23直接作为输出轴Lout
该无级变速机构还包括第二轴L2和第三轴L3,第二轴L2上设有第三齿轮Z3和第四齿轮Z4,第三轴L3上设有第五齿轮Z5和第六齿 轮Z6,第三齿轮Z3与第一齿轮Z1啮合,第四齿轮Z4与第五齿轮Z5啮合,第六齿轮Z6与第二齿轮Z2啮合。
实施例3是实施例1的结构上的变换,它们均是采用文中所述的一种双行星机构组成的机械无级变速方法所制成。因此,采用该方法的各种机械结构变型应该在本发明所要求保护的范围之内。
实施例4
如图4所示,一种根据双行星机构组成的机械无极变速方法所制成的无级变速机构,包括第一行星组B1和第二行星组B2,第一行星组B1与第二行星组B2串联,所述第一行星组B1内设有第一太阳轮B11、第一行星架B13,第一太阳轮B11与第一行星架B13通过两个第一行星轮B12连接,第二行星组B2内设有第二太阳轮B21、第二行星架B23,第二太阳轮B21与第二行星架B23通过两个第二行星轮B22连接,所述第一行星组B1还包括第一齿圈B14,第一齿圈B14与两个第一行星轮B12啮合,第二行星组B2还包括第二齿圈B24,第二齿圈B24与两个第二行星轮B22啮合,第二齿圈B24的外圈上安装有第二齿轮Z2
该无级变速机构还包括第一轴L1和输入轴Lin,第一轴L1连接第一太阳轮B11与第一齿轮Z1,第一齿圈B14连接输入轴Lin
第一行星架B13通过第四轴L4与第二太阳轮B21连接,第二行星架B23直接作为输出轴Lout
该无级变速机构还包括第二轴L2和第三轴L3,第二轴L2上设有第三齿轮Z3和第四齿轮Z4,第三轴L3上设有第五齿轮Z5和第六齿 轮Z6,第三齿轮Z3与第一齿轮Z1啮合,第四齿轮Z4与第五齿轮Z5啮合,第六齿轮Z6与第二齿轮Z2啮合。
实施例4是实施例1的结构上的变换,它们均是采用文中所述的一种双行星机构组成的机械无级变速方法所制成。因此,采用该方法的各种机械结构变型应该在本发明所要求保护的范围之内。
实施例5
实施例5与实施例1大体上一致,其区别在于:实施例5中还包括单向离合器C,单向离合器C并联在输入轴Lin与输出轴Lout之间。
具体的,单向离合器C放置在第三轴L3上。
优选的,所述第三轴L3上的单向离合器C设置在第五齿轮Z5和第六齿轮Z6之间。
实施例6
实施例6与实施例2大体上一致,其区别在于:输入轴Lin与输出轴Lout内联接有单向离合器C。
优选的,所述单向离合器C联接在第一齿圈B14上。
本发明并不局限于上述实施方式,如果对本发明的各种改动或变形不脱离本发明的精神和范围,倘若这些改动和变形属于本发明的权利要求和等同技术范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变形。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种双行星机构组成的机械无极变速方法,由两组行星机构串联组成,动力由第一行星组的太阳轮输入,第一行星组的行星架与第二行星组的太阳轮联接,第一行星组的齿圈与第二行星组的齿圈联接,第二行星组的行星架做输出轴,其特征是:第一行星组的齿圈与第二行星组的齿圈联接是通过齿轮或者链条传动,第一行星组的齿圈与第二行星组的齿圈转动方向相反。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的双行星机构组成的机械无极变速方法,其特征在于:所述第一行星组的输入端与第二行星组的输出端之间联接有单向离合器。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的双行星机构组成的机械无级变速方法,其特征在于:所述单向离合器置于除了第一行星组和第二行星组中的太阳轮、行星架及太阳轮与行星架上的轴之外的任意轴、齿轮或齿圈上。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的双行星机构组成的机械无极变速方法,其特征在于:所述第二行星组上的输出轴与其齿圈的转动方向相同。
  5. 根据双行星机构组成的机械无极变速方法所制成的一种无级变速机构,包括第一行星组和第二行星组,第一行星组与第二行星组串联,其特征在于:所述第一行星组内设有第一太阳轮、第一行星架,第一太阳轮与第一行星架通过两个第一 行星轮连接,第二行星组内设有第二太阳轮、第二行星架,第二太阳轮与第二行星架通过两个第二行星轮连接,第一太阳轮安装在输入轴上,第一行星架与第二太阳轮通过第一轴或链条联接,第二行星架安装在输出轴上,输入轴与输出轴内联接有单向离合器。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的无级变速机构,其特征在于:所述第一行星组还包括第一齿圈,第二行星组还包括第二齿圈,第一齿圈上固定有第一齿轮,第二齿圈上固定有第二齿轮。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的无级变速机构,其特征在于:还包括第二轴和第三轴,第二轴上设有第三齿轮和第四齿轮,第三轴上设有第五齿轮和第六齿轮,第三齿轮与第一齿轮啮合,第四齿轮与第五齿轮啮合,第六齿轮与第二齿轮啮合,所述第三轴上设有单向离合器,单向离合器设置在第五齿轮和第六齿轮之间。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的无级变速机构,其特征在于:所述第一行星组中设有不少于一组的第一太阳轮、第一行星架和第一行星轮,所述第二行星组中设有不少于一组的第二太阳轮、第二行星架和第二行星轮。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的无级变速机构,其特征在于:所述第一行星架安装在第一轴上,第二太阳轮安装在第二轴上,第二轴与第一轴平行,第一轴与第二轴通过链条联接在一起。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的无级变速机构,其特征在于:所述 第一行星组还包括第一齿圈,第二行星组还包括第二齿圈,第一齿圈与第二齿圈啮合,所述单向离合器联接在第一齿圈上。
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