WO2018029147A2 - Procédé d'usinage par enlèvement de copeaux de pièces au moyen d'une machine de meulage et machine de meulage - Google Patents

Procédé d'usinage par enlèvement de copeaux de pièces au moyen d'une machine de meulage et machine de meulage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018029147A2
WO2018029147A2 PCT/EP2017/069952 EP2017069952W WO2018029147A2 WO 2018029147 A2 WO2018029147 A2 WO 2018029147A2 EP 2017069952 W EP2017069952 W EP 2017069952W WO 2018029147 A2 WO2018029147 A2 WO 2018029147A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
grinding machine
machine according
tool
grinding
blank
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/069952
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2018029147A3 (fr
Inventor
Uwe Hobohm
Werner Penkert
Markus Stanik
Holger GROENING
Original Assignee
Kennametal Inc.
Elb-Schliff Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kennametal Inc., Elb-Schliff Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh filed Critical Kennametal Inc.
Publication of WO2018029147A2 publication Critical patent/WO2018029147A2/fr
Publication of WO2018029147A3 publication Critical patent/WO2018029147A3/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B24B19/14—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding turbine blades, propeller blades or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for machining workpieces by means of a grinding machine and a grinding machine for carrying out the method.
  • Turbine blades are often milled from solid, ie from a blank, which usually has a block-like shape.
  • a first step the blank is clamped in a milling machine and cut there until the material of the blank has been removed to an allowance.
  • the blank is removed from the milling machine, transported to a grinding machine and clamped there, so that a high-precision machining by means of a grinding wheel (or by means of several grinding wheels) can be performed.
  • the disadvantage here is that with the milling machine and the grinding machine two machines must be kept for machining.
  • Another disadvantage is the expense of transporting the blank from the milling machine to the grinding machine. Added to this is the logistical effort of having to temporarily store the blank if the grinding machine is currently not available.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for more efficient machining of workpieces.
  • a method for machining workpieces by means of a grinding machine which has a clamping device for clamping a workpiece to be machined and at least one tool spindle, in which a machining tool can be clamped, wherein the following steps are provided: A to be machined blank is clamped in the jig. By means of a mounted on the tool spindle cutter at least one roughing is performed, in which the material of the blank is removed to an allowance. Then, a high-precision machining is performed by means of a grinding wheel attached to the tool spindle in the same clamping of the blank.
  • a grinding machine is also provided for carrying out this method, with a tool changer in which at least one milling cutter for roughing and a grinding wheel for high-precision machining are provided.
  • the invention overcomes the prejudice firmly anchored in the art that different machines are required for roughing and high-precision machining. Decisive for overcoming this prejudice is the realization that a grinding machine is only conditionally suitable for milling and that actually better results could be achieved on a milling machine, but these deficits can be accepted, since only a roughing is done on the grinding machine with the milling tool , Because of its orientation for high-precision machining, the grinding machine is not optimally suited for carrying out very large roughing operations.
  • the cutting performance of the grinding machine may be slightly behind that of the milling machine. If necessary, the roughing allowance can also be reduced compared to that which would be used in a milling machine. Nevertheless, there is a significant increase in efficiency, since between the roughing and the high-precision machining of the blank does not need to be re-clamped. Another advantage results from the fact that no milling machine must be kept.
  • a medium can be supplied in the region of the contact between the tool and the blank in order to cool the cutting tool and / or to assist the chip removal.
  • a cooling emulsion or a gaseous medium is supplied, wherein the gaseous medium is preferably pre-cooled. This allows the tool to be cooled better.
  • a gaseous medium air or carbon dioxide can be used.
  • a cooling emulsion or oil may be supplied as the cooling medium.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly efficient when the workpiece to be produced is a turbine blade. These are usually made of materials that can be machined very badly, especially when a mill is used.
  • the process according to the invention offers a particular increase in cost-effectiveness if the blank consists of a nickel-based alloy or of a ⁇ - ⁇ alloy.
  • these materials always had to be processed in different, spatially separate working steps or, if this should be avoided, be completely machined by means of a grinding wheel, which however led to extremely long process times. Furthermore, there are areas such as pockets or very small grooves on turbine blades, which can not be optimally manufactured by grinding.
  • the tool spindle is driven at a speed of up to 24,000 revolutions per minute. This leads to a high cutting performance, especially in roughing. Furthermore, the tool spindles used have a high torque.
  • the cutter is equipped with ceramic cutting plates.
  • the tool changer is also preferably used to provide other tools beyond a milling tool (or a plurality of milling tools) and a grinding wheel (or more grinding wheels), for example, at least one dressing roller for the grinding wheel (s), different coolant nozzles for the different cooling media, at least one Turning tool or at least one probe.
  • a milling tool or a plurality of milling tools
  • a grinding wheel or more grinding wheels
  • at least one dressing roller for the grinding wheel (s) different coolant nozzles for the different cooling media
  • at least one Turning tool or at least one probe This makes it possible to automatically load different tools as needed, thereby achieving short process times and performing further operations.
  • a probe makes it possible to optimally implement the inventive concept of a complete machining in a machine, since then the result can be checked and possibly corrected after each machining step.
  • the grinding machine on a machine bed with discharge surfaces for chips.
  • This aspect is important for an efficient workflow, since roughing can produce chips with dimensions that would otherwise not occur in grinding machines.
  • the discharge surfaces may be formed by structural walls of the machine bed, which are arranged with an inclination of at least 45 ° to a horizontal plane. As a result, the chips slip by itself into, for example, a drip pan.
  • the discharge surfaces may also be formed by cover plates, which are arranged with an inclination of at least 45 ° to a horizontal plane. Such cover plates can be retrofitted with little effort to existing grinding machines.
  • flushing nozzles can also be present with which a flushing stream can be applied to the discharge surfaces.
  • the same medium can be used, which is also used to cool the tool during machining.
  • the machine bed is provided with a cooling device.
  • a cooling device This makes it possible to dissipate the amounts of heat that arise during roughing.
  • the cooling device can be ensured that it does not come to unwanted thermal expansion in the machine bed.
  • the tool spindle can be provided with an HSK interface so that the tools can be changed quickly. With this, the desired clamping forces can be applied while meeting the requirements for the axial runout.
  • two tool spindles are provided on the grinding machine. These can be assigned to different processing operations and / or different tools.
  • the feed force for the tool used is at least 4000 N
  • the axle acceleration is at least 0.3 g
  • the axle speed is at least 40 m / min in all linear axes and / or the drive power of the tool spindle is at least 25 kW is.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a grinding machine according to the invention, on which the method according to the invention can be carried out; and FIG. 2 schematically shows details of the grinding machine of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows a grinding machine 10 which has a machine bed 12, a multiaxially adjustable machining table 14 and also a tool spindle 16 which is also adjustable in a multi-axis manner.
  • a dressing roller 17 can be seen. This is mounted directly over the tool spindle 16. To increase the accuracy of processing, a dressing roller 17 may be mounted on the processing table 14.
  • the tool spindle 16 is provided with an interface, for example an HSK interface, so that different tools can be attached to it. These tools are held in a tool changer 18 shown schematically here and can be removed there by means of a schematically indicated gripping device 20 and attached to the tool spindle 16.
  • a tool changer 18 shown schematically here and can be removed there by means of a schematically indicated gripping device 20 and attached to the tool spindle 16.
  • various examples of such tools are shown schematically. From top to bottom are indicated here: A nozzle for a first cooling medium, a nozzle for a second cooling medium, a fitted with ceramic indexable milling head, a milling cutter, a first grinding wheel, a second grinding wheel and a probe.
  • the working table 14 and the tool spindle 16 are multiaxially movable relative to each other so that any contours can be machined on a workpiece to be produced.
  • Such a workpiece is a turbine blade as used in compressors and turbines of aircraft engines, industrial gas turbines, or the like.
  • the necessary for adjusting the processing table 14 and the tool spindle 16 drives are not shown here, since they are generally well known and are not required for the understanding of the invention. However, what is relevant in the context of the invention is that the drives as a whole are comparatively powerful. Thus, a drive power of at least 25 kW is provided for the drive spindle, and the speed of the tool spindle can be 24,000 revolutions and possibly more.
  • An essential feature of the grinding machine 10 is that not only grinding operations are carried out with it during the machining of the workpiece, but also roughing operations with a milling cutter. It is also essential that the roughing and a subsequent high-precision machining carried out with one or more grinding wheels take place in the same clamping of the workpiece.
  • the cutters are also used to create geometries such as pockets, holes and very narrow grooves that can not be produced by grinding.
  • the relevant surfaces of the grinding machine 10 are formed as discharge surfaces, that is aligned with an inclination of at least 45 ° relative to a horizontal plane.
  • two discharge surfaces 24 can be seen in FIG. 2 on the sides of the processing table 14, and discharge surfaces (provided here with the reference number 26) are also provided on the machine bed 12.
  • the discharge surfaces 24, 26 may be associated with spray nozzles, which can be removed there despite the slope adhering chips.
  • compressed air can be used. If, on the other hand, sanding dust is to be removed, a cooling emulsion can also be used.
  • the blank 30 is clamped firmly on the processing table 14.
  • a clamping device 32 is provided.
  • the blank 30 consists of a nickel-based alloy or of a ⁇ -TiAl alloy.
  • the blank 30 by means of a milling tool, which is attached to the tool spindle 16, machined to a contour S.
  • This contour S corresponds to the later contour of the workpiece to be produced plus an allowance.
  • a cutter for roughing preferably is used, which is equipped with ceramic cutting plates, in particular indexable inserts.
  • a suitable cooling medium for example cooling emulsion or even a gaseous medium.
  • a gaseous medium for example air
  • this is preferably cooled.
  • carbon dioxide creates a cooling effect by the expansion of the gas at the cutting edge of the tool.
  • a high-precision machining is carried out by grinding.
  • 16 suitable grinding wheels are attached to the tool spindle, with which then the blank 30 is processed to the final contour H high precision.
  • another, adapted to the processing cooling medium can be supplied, for example, a cooling emulsion or oil. But it can also be used multi-functional lubricants that can be used both during milling and grinding.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'usinage par enlèvement de copeaux de pièces au moyen d'un machine de meulage (10) qui comprend un dispositif de serrage (32) servant au serrage d'une pièce à usiner ainsi qu'au moins une broche porte-outil (16) dans laquelle un outil d'usinage peut être serré, le procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes : - une ébauche (30) à usiner est serrée dans le dispositif de serrage (32), - au moins un usinage d'ébauchage est effectué au moyen d'une fraise montée sur la broche porte-outil (16), usinage d'ébauchage lors duquel le matériau de l'ébauche est enlevé jusqu'à une certaine surépaisseur, - au moyen d'un disque abrasif monté sur la broche porte-outil (16), un usinage de haute précision est effectué lors du même serrage de l'ébauche. L'invention concerne également une machine de meulage permettant la mise en œuvre du procédé.
PCT/EP2017/069952 2016-08-11 2017-08-07 Procédé d'usinage par enlèvement de copeaux de pièces au moyen d'une machine de meulage et machine de meulage WO2018029147A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016114938.1A DE102016114938A1 (de) 2016-08-11 2016-08-11 Verfahren zum spanenden Bearbeiten von Werkstücken mittels einer Schleifmaschine sowie Schleifmaschine
DE102016114938.1 2016-08-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018029147A2 true WO2018029147A2 (fr) 2018-02-15
WO2018029147A3 WO2018029147A3 (fr) 2018-06-07

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/EP2017/069952 WO2018029147A2 (fr) 2016-08-11 2017-08-07 Procédé d'usinage par enlèvement de copeaux de pièces au moyen d'une machine de meulage et machine de meulage

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102016114938A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018029147A2 (fr)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4430113A1 (de) * 1994-08-25 1996-02-29 Berliner Werkzeugmasch Werkzeugmaschine
EP1608485B1 (fr) * 2003-03-11 2011-04-13 Optotech Optikmaschinen GmbH Procede et dispositif pour realiser des verres de lunettes et d'autres corps moules ayant des surface optiquement actives
DE102007041805A1 (de) * 2007-08-30 2009-03-05 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Schaufelspitzenbearbeitung der Laufradtrommeln von Turbomaschinen
US9089970B2 (en) * 2012-01-23 2015-07-28 General Electric Company Robotic appartus and system for removal of turbine bucket covers
US20150031272A1 (en) * 2013-07-23 2015-01-29 General Electric Company Machining tool and method for abradable coating pattern

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102016114938A1 (de) 2018-02-15
WO2018029147A3 (fr) 2018-06-07

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