WO2018018708A1 - 三环超氟液晶化合物、合成方法和应用 - Google Patents

三环超氟液晶化合物、合成方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2018018708A1
WO2018018708A1 PCT/CN2016/098153 CN2016098153W WO2018018708A1 WO 2018018708 A1 WO2018018708 A1 WO 2018018708A1 CN 2016098153 W CN2016098153 W CN 2016098153W WO 2018018708 A1 WO2018018708 A1 WO 2018018708A1
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liquid crystal
compound
tricyclic
crystal compound
fluoro
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肖智勇
闻建勋
杜宏军
邱绿洲
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福建永晶科技有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/10Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
    • C09K19/20Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/42Mixtures of liquid crystal compounds covered by two or more of the preceding groups C09K19/06 - C09K19/40
    • C09K19/44Mixtures of liquid crystal compounds covered by two or more of the preceding groups C09K19/06 - C09K19/40 containing compounds with benzene rings directly linked

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  • the present invention is a tricyclic superfluorinated liquid crystal compound containing a difluoromethoxy (CF 2 O) bridge in a molecular structure, a composition thereof, a synthesis method and an application thereof, and a composition formed with other liquid crystals can be used for a TFT liquid crystal. monitor.
  • CF 2 O difluoromethoxy
  • By introducing a fluorine atom as a substituent into the liquid crystal molecules, ⁇ can be increased, and the number of fluorine atoms is very effective.
  • the number of fluorine atoms in the molecule is proportional to the viscosity.
  • the increase in the number of fluorine atoms in the liquid crystal molecules lowers the temperature range of the liquid crystal phase. It is extremely difficult to suppress the change in the temperature of the liquid crystal phase while suppressing the rise of the viscosity, and it is difficult to control the change of ⁇ alone.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a tricyclic superfluorinated liquid crystal compound containing a bridge of difluoromethoxy (CF 2 O) and a composition thereof, a process for the preparation thereof and an application thereof.
  • Their composition with other liquid crystal compounds can be used for a TFT type liquid crystal display.
  • the present invention has developed a tricyclic superfluorinated liquid crystal compound having a bridge bond of difluoromethoxy (CF 2 O), which is characterized in that different terminal rings are used, respectively.
  • CF 2 O difluoromethoxy
  • CF 3 - on the benzene ring since the introduction of CF 3 - on the benzene ring not only increases the polarity, but also contributes to the improvement of fat solubility, and avoids group analysis at low temperatures.
  • the method using difluorodibromomethane as a raw material has a simple process.
  • the high temperature and high polarity triphenyl ring fluorine-containing liquid crystal of the present invention was successfully utilized.
  • the tricyclic superfluorinated liquid crystal compound containing a difluoromethoxy (CF 2 O)-containing bridge bond of the present invention has the following structural formula:
  • A represents: 1,4-phenylene or 1,1-cyclohexene
  • X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 represent an independent H or F atom, respectively;
  • Y 1 represents F, CF 3 or OCF 3 ;
  • P represents 1 or 2
  • Ultra-fluoro tricyclic liquid crystal compound containing a bridging difluoromethoxy (CF 2 O) may be prepared according to the present invention is obtained by the following method:
  • A represents: 1,4-phenylene or 1,1-cyclohexene
  • X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 represent an independent H or F atom, respectively;
  • Y 1 represents F, CF 3 or OCF 3 ;
  • P represents 1 or 2
  • n an integer of 1 to 10.
  • the method of the present invention is a compound of A6, a compound of A7, 3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenol, tetra-n-butylammonium bromide and monovalent metal carbonate in a polar organic solvent and at a reflux temperature of 80 ° C. Or a monovalent metal hydrogencarbonate reaction for 1-4 hours to obtain an AA compound, the A6 compound, the A7 compound 3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenol, tetra-n-butylammonium bromide and monovalent metal carbonate Or the monovalent metal hydrogencarbonate molar ratio is 1:1 - 1.2: 0.9 - 1.0.
  • the polar organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, methyl tert-butyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide or the like.
  • the product of the present invention is recommended to be subjected to organic solvent extraction, aqueous washing, drying, and column chromatography purification.
  • the process of the invention may be difluoro-(4'-n-alkyl-3,5,2',6'-tetrafluorobiphenyl)-(3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)methane
  • the synthesis is taken as an example and further described as follows:
  • a magnesium, tetrahydrofuran, 50 ° C; b: 3,5-difluorobromobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, 50 ° C; c: iodine, tetrahydrofuran, n-butyllithium, -70 ° C; d: 3,5-difluoro Phenylboronic acid, Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 , potassium carbonate, absolute ethanol, heated reflux; e: difluorodibromomethane, tetrahydrofuran, n-butyllithium, -70 ° C; f: 3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethyl Phenol, tetrabutylammonium bromide, potassium carbonate, N,N-dimethylformamide, 80 °C.
  • the invention not only uses the method of using difluorodibromomethane as a raw material, but also has a simple process, and the tricyclic superfluorinated liquid crystal compound of the present invention and the composition thereof have good fat solubility and can be prevented from being analyzed at a low temperature.
  • reaction system was reacted at 50 ° C to 60 ° C for 1 hour, and then added (0.8 g; 0.0007 mol) of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and 3,5-difluorobromobenzene (80 g, 0.421 mol) were slowly added dropwise, and the reaction mixture was further reacted at 50 ° C to 60 ° C for 1 hour, and the reaction was followed by TLC until complete.
  • reaction solution was washed twice with a saturated Na 2 S 2 O 3 solution, and extracted with ethyl acetate.
  • the organic phase was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, then filtered and evaporated to give a crude product. (80 ° C ⁇ ⁇ 82 ° C / 2 mmHg), and then separated by petroleum ether column chromatography, to obtain a colorless transparent liquid 69g, purity: 97.8%, yield: 85%.
  • reaction mixture was extracted with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and ethyl acetate.
  • the organic phase was washed twice with saturated aqueous brine and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate.
  • Column chromatography was carried out to obtain 36 g of pale yellow oil, purity: 47%, yield 60%.
  • Liquid crystal compositions which have physical property parameters: clearing point, 95 ° C; ⁇ n, (0.1010, 20 ° C); threshold voltage Vth, 1.50 v; ⁇ ⁇ , 8.5 (25 ° C). Suitable for use in TFT liquid crystal display devices.

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Abstract

提供了一种三环超氟液晶化合物、合成方法和应用,该三环超氟液晶化合物具有结构式(I):其中, A代表:1,4-苯撐或1,1-环己撐; X1, X2, X3, X4分别表示独立的H或F原子; Y1代表F, CF3或OCF3; P代表1或2; R1代表CnH2n+1, n=1~10的整数。

Description

三环超氟液晶化合物、合成方法和应用 技术领域
本发明是在分子结构中含有二氟甲氧基(CF2O)桥键的三环超氟液晶化合物及其组合物、合成方法和应用,它们与其他液晶形成的组合物可用于TFT型液晶显示器。
技术背景
平板液晶显示是现在的可携带电脑、航海航空系统及电视机上显示屏的主流。这些应用在响应时间及图像反差方面必须满足高要求。在液晶材料的物理性能方面,考虑到IC的耐电压,要求低的驱动电压,即要求阈值电压要低的液晶及液晶组成物。一般的做法是使用介电常数各向异性Δε较大的液晶化合物,可以降低阈值电压Vth。为此积极开发介电常数各向异性数值大的极性液晶。
将氟原子作为取代基导入液晶分子,可以增大Δε,氟原子的数目十分有效。但是,分子中的氟原子数目与黏度成正比关系。液晶分子中的氟原子数目的增加,使液晶相温度范围变低。抑制黏度的上升的同时,抑制液晶相温度的下降,单靠控制Δε的变化是非常困难的。
为了达到此目的,德国的MERCK公司1989年首先报道了CF2O桥键的合成(DE-A4006921,1989),到了20世纪90年代,这类化合物得到系统研究(EP0844229A1).研究发现有些CF2O化合物不仅低黏度,而且有良好的脂溶性。1995年MERCK申请专利(DE19531165A1),日本的CHISSO公司之后也申请专利(96 11995)。
在液晶分子的2个苯环之间,导入桥键CF2O的化合物,近十多年来多有报道。如果桥键CF2O的极化作用的贡献与分子长轴的极性是一致的,就可以得到比较大的Δε。即便2个氟原子保持在分子之中,实验发现黏度可以大大减小。
发明内容
本发明目的提供含有二氟甲氧基(CF2O)的桥键的三环超氟液晶化合物及其组合物,它们的制备方法和应用。它们与其他液晶化合物形成的组合物可用于TFT型液晶显示器。
本发明开发了有二氟甲氧基(CF2O)的桥键的三环超氟液晶化合物,特点是分别利 用了不同的末端环。尤其是3-氟-4-三氟甲基苯基团,4’-正烷基-2’,3,5,6’-四氟联苯基,它们的极性的方向与分子长轴一致,有助于Δε的增大。而且由于苯环上的CF3-的导入,不仅增大极性,而且非常有助于脂溶性的改善,避免低温时组分析出。
在合成CF2O结构的工艺中,利用二氟二溴甲烷作原料的方法,工艺简单。在液晶组合物的制备时,成功地利用了本发明的高温高极性的三苯环含氟液晶。
本发明的含有二氟甲氧基(CF2O)的桥键的三环超氟液晶化合物,具有如下结构式:
Figure PCTCN2016098153-appb-000001
其中,
A代表:1,4-苯撐或1,1-环己撐;
X1,X2,X3,X4分别表示独立的H或F原子;
Y1代表F,CF3或OCF3
P代表1或2;
R1代表CnH2n+1,n=1~10的整数。
本发明的含有二氟甲氧基桥键的三环超氟液晶化合物推荐n=2-5的整数,尤其是二氟--(4’-正丙基-2’3,5,6’-四氟联苯基)-(3-氟-4-三氟甲基苯氧基)甲烷。
本发明的含有二氟甲氧基(CF2O)的桥键的三环超氟液晶化合物可以通过下述方法制备获得:
Figure PCTCN2016098153-appb-000002
A代表:1,4-苯撐或1,1-环己撐;
X1,X2,X3,X4分别表示独立的H或F原子;
Y1代表F,CF3或OCF3
P代表1或2;
n代表1~10的整数。
本发明的方法是在极性有机溶剂中和80℃-回流温度下,A6化合物,A7化合物3-氟-4-三氟甲基苯酚、四正丁基溴化铵和一价金属碳酸盐或一价金属碳酸氢盐反应1-4小时获得A-A化合物,所述的A6化合物,A7化合物3-氟-4-三氟甲基苯酚、四正丁基溴化铵和一价金属碳酸盐或一价金属碳酸氢盐的摩尔比为1:1-1.2:0.9-1.0。
采用本发明的方法,推荐在氮气保护下进行。
所述的极性有机溶剂是N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲基叔丁基醚、二甲亚砜等。
本发明的产物建议经过有机溶剂萃取,水溶液洗,干燥,柱层析纯化处理。
本发明的方法可以以二氟-(4’-正烷基-3,5,2’,6’-四氟联苯基)-(3-氟-4-三氟甲基苯氧基)甲烷的合成为例,进一步描述如下:
首先,3,5-二氟溴苯与正烷基溴生成3,5-二氟正烷基苯,然后加碘生成3,5-二氟-4-碘正烷基苯,再与3,5-二氟苯硼酸反应得到A6经过正丁基锂拔氢后,二氟二溴甲烷反应得A7与3-氟-4-三氟甲基苯酚反应得目标化合物二氟-(4’-正烷基-2’,3,5,6’-四氟联苯基)-(3-氟-4-三氟甲基苯氧基)]甲烷,所述的烷基是指乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基或者己基,优选烷基是指乙基、丙基、丁基或戊基。具体合成路线如下:
Figure PCTCN2016098153-appb-000003
其中,a:镁,四氢呋喃,50℃;b:3,5-二氟溴苯,四氢呋喃,50℃;c:碘,四氢呋喃,正丁基锂,-70℃;d:3,5-二氟苯硼酸,Pd(PPh3)4,碳酸钾,无水乙醇,加热回流;e:二氟二溴甲烷,四氢呋喃,正丁基锂,-70℃;f:3-氟-4-三氟甲基苯酚,四丁基溴化铵,碳酸钾,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,80℃。
本发明不仅仅有利用二氟二溴甲烷作原料的方法,工艺简单,而且本发明的三环超氟液晶化合物及其组合物,脂溶性好,能避免低温时组分析出。
具体实施方式
通过下述实施例可以进一步理解本发明,但不能限制本发明的内容。任何在本领域 内技术人员对发明所做的简单替换或改进等均属于本发明所保护的技术方案之内。
实验仪器:Bruker 400(400MHz)型核磁共振仪测,G2577A型质谱仪,Nicolet Magna-I550型红外光谱仪。XPV-203E型偏光显微镜,Dimand DSC型差示扫描量热仪。
实施例1化合物二氟--(4’-正烷基-2’3,5,6’-四氟联苯基)-(3-氟-4-三氟甲基苯氧基)甲烷的合成(A-A’n=3)
1)化合物(A3’,n=3)的合成:
在一干燥的500ml的四口烧瓶中,氮气保护下加入Mg(24.2g;1.02mol),随后加入80ml的干燥的四氢呋喃THF,再加入1~3滴的1,2-二溴乙烷进行激活,激活后将溴代正丙烷(104g,0.84mol)溶解在300ml的干燥的THF中,缓慢滴加到体系中,此反应体系在50℃~60℃反应1小时,然后再加入(0.8g;0.0007mol)的四(三苯基膦)钯和3,5-二氟溴苯(80g,0.421mol)缓慢滴入,反应混合液在50℃~60℃继续反应1小时,TLC跟踪反应直至完全后,加水淬灭,反应液用乙酸乙酯进行萃取,用无水硫酸镁进行干燥,真空除去溶剂,再进行常压(140℃~150℃)蒸馏得无色透明液体47g,纯度为89.4%,得率71.5%
2)化合物(A4’,n=3)的合成:
在一干燥的2L的四口烧瓶中,氮气保护下,将(45g,0.29mol)化合物A3’(n=3))溶于500ml干燥的THF中并冷却到-70℃,向上述溶液中慢慢滴加(220ml;0.351mol)的正丁基锂(1.6mol/L),此混合溶液在上述温度下继续搅拌2小时,碘(91g;0.355mol)在300ml的干燥的THF中,慢慢滴加到体系中,反应混合液升温至-60℃并在此温度下继续反应1小时,用硫代硫酸钠溶液淬灭。反应液用饱和的Na2S2O3溶液洗两次,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用无水硫酸镁进行干燥,然后过滤,旋干,得粗产品,再对粗产品减压蒸馏,(80℃~~82℃/2mmHg),然后再用石油醚进行柱层析分离,得无色透明液体69g,纯度:97.8%,得率:85%.
3)化合物A5’(n=3)的合成:
在一干燥的500ml的四口烧瓶中,氮气保护下加入(40g;0.142mol)化合物A4’(n=3),(27g;0.174mol)3,5-二氟苯硼酸,Pd(PPh3)4(0.5g,0.00043mol),碳酸钾(29.5g;0.213mol),随后加入300ml无水乙醇,反应混合液加热回流24小时,TLC跟踪反应直至完全后,加水淬灭,反应液用乙酸乙酯萃取,用无水硫酸镁进行干燥,旋干,再用石油醚溶解,把不溶 物过滤掉,再旋干,旋干后用石油醚进行柱层析分离,得无色透明液体36g,纯度:96.02%,得率:94.5%
MS(m/z,%):268(M+,42.82),239.0(100.00);219(21.45)
4)化合物A6’(n=3)的合成
在一干燥的1L的四口烧瓶中,氮气保护下,将(36g,0.135mol)化合物A5’(n=3)溶于400ml干燥的THF中并冷却到-70℃,向上述溶液中慢慢滴加(101ml,0.162mol)的正丁基锂(1.6mol/L),此混合溶液在上述温度下继续搅拌2小时,缓慢加入(42.6g,0.203mol)的CF2Br2,并升温至-60℃,反应混合液继续反应1小时,加饱和氯化氨溶液淬灭。反应液用饱和氯化氨溶液和乙酸乙酯进行萃取,有机相再用饱和食盐水溶液洗两次,有机相用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,旋干,得粗产物再将粗产物用石油醚进行柱层析分离得36g淡黄色油状物,纯度:47%,得率60%,
MS(m/z,%):398.0(M+,1.01),317(100.00);288(41.72);219(8.33)
5)目标化合物A-A’(n=3)的合成
在一干燥的500ml的四口烧瓶中,氮气保护下加入(32g,0.081mol)纯度47%的A6’(n=3),(16.28g,0.09mol)的3-氟-4-三氟甲基苯酚,(13.83g,0.10mol)的K2CO3,(26.61g,0.097mol)的四正丁基溴化铵(C16H36NBr),随后加入360ml的DMF,反应混合液在80℃条件下搅拌4小时,TLC跟踪反应直至完全后,用饱和氯化氨溶液进行淬灭,反应液用饱和氯化氨溶液和乙酸乙酯进行萃取,有机相再用饱和食盐水溶液洗两次,有机相用无水硫酸镁干燥,旋干,得黄色油状物粗产物,将粗产物用石油醚进行柱层析分离得无色透明液体,再将无色透明液体用无水乙醇进行低温洗涤,得9g无色透明液体,纯度99.7%,得率:22.4%
MS(m/z,%):496(M+,1.02),317(100.00);288(26.66);219(6.73)
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ:0.958-0.994(t,J=6.8Hz,3H),1.649-1.705(m,2H),2.601-2.639(m,2H),6.838-6.861(m,2H),7.136-7.202(m,4H),7.601-7.643(m,1H),
实施例2含有二氟甲氧基(CF2O)桥键的三环超氟液晶及其组合物的应用
利用下述14个化合物,按设定的重量百分比例,用常规的混合方法混合,制得的 液晶组合物,它们具有物性参数分别为:清亮点,95℃;Δn,(0.1010,20℃);阈值电压Vth,1.50v;Δε,8.5(25℃).适用于TFT液晶显示器件中使用。
Figure PCTCN2016098153-appb-000004

Claims (9)

  1. 一种含有二氟甲氧基桥键的三环超氟液晶化合物,其具有如下结构式:
    Figure PCTCN2016098153-appb-100001
    A代表:1,4-苯撐或1,1-环己撐;
    X1,X2,X3,X4分别表示独立的H或F原子;
    Y1代表F,CF3或OCF3
    P代表1或2;
    R1代表CnH2n+1,n=1~10的整数。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种含有二氟甲氧基桥键的三环超氟液晶化合物,其特征是二氟--(4’-正丙基-2’3,5,6’-四氟联苯基)-(3-氟-4-三氟甲基苯氧基)甲烷。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种含有二氟甲氧基桥键的三环超氟液晶化合物的合成方法,其特征是通过下述方法获得:
    Figure PCTCN2016098153-appb-100002
    A代表:1,4-苯撐或1,1-环己撐;
    X1,X2,X3,X4分别表示独立的H或F原子;
    Y1代表F,CF3或OCF3
    P代表1或2;
    n代表1~10的整数;
    在极性有机溶剂中和80℃-回流温度下,A6化合物,A7化合物3-氟-4-三氟甲基苯酚,四正丁基溴化铵和一价金属碳酸盐或一价金属碳酸氢盐反应1-4小时获得A-A化合物;所述的A6化合物,A7化合物3-氟-4-三氟甲基苯酚、四正丁基溴化铵和一价金属碳酸盐或一价金属碳酸氢盐的摩尔比为1:1-1.2:0.9-1.0。
  4. 如权利要求3所述方法,其特征是所述的产物A-A是二氟-(4’-正烷基-3,5,2’,6’-四氟联苯基)-(3-氟-4-三氟甲基苯氧基)甲烷。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征是所述的极性有机溶剂是N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲基叔丁基醚或二甲亚砜。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征是所述的反应在氮气保护下进行。
  7. 如权利要求3所述方法,其特征是所述的产物经过有机溶剂萃取,水溶液洗,干燥,柱层析纯化处理。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的含有二氟甲氧基桥键的三环超氟液晶化合物及其组合物用于TFT型液晶显示器。
  9. 如权利要求5所述的用途,其特征是所述的含有二氟甲氧基桥键的三环超氟液晶化合物的组合物组分和重量比如下所示:
    Figure PCTCN2016098153-appb-100003
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