WO2018000809A1 - 监测结构体安全的传感光纤声发射集成感知系统及方法 - Google Patents

监测结构体安全的传感光纤声发射集成感知系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018000809A1
WO2018000809A1 PCT/CN2017/071294 CN2017071294W WO2018000809A1 WO 2018000809 A1 WO2018000809 A1 WO 2018000809A1 CN 2017071294 W CN2017071294 W CN 2017071294W WO 2018000809 A1 WO2018000809 A1 WO 2018000809A1
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fiber
sensing
acoustic emission
module
mesh
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PCT/CN2017/071294
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English (en)
French (fr)
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苏怀智
杨孟
顾冲时
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河海大学
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Priority to US16/312,302 priority Critical patent/US10705058B2/en
Priority to JP2018567900A priority patent/JP6687764B2/ja
Priority to GB1820869.4A priority patent/GB2565743B/en
Publication of WO2018000809A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018000809A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/4463—Signal correction, e.g. distance amplitude correction [DAC], distance gain size [DGS], noise filtering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
    • G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/24—Probes
    • G01N29/2418—Probes using optoacoustic interaction with the material, e.g. laser radiation, photoacoustics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G01N2291/0232—Glass, ceramics, concrete or stone
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/025—Change of phase or condition
    • G01N2291/0258—Structural degradation, e.g. fatigue of composites, ageing of oils

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a distributed sensing optical fiber acoustic emission control device and method for sensing structural performance degradation, and belongs to the field of water engineering structural safety monitoring and detection.
  • Optical fiber sensing technology uses light waves as sensing signals and optical fibers as transmission carriers to sense and detect external signals. It has advantages in traditional sensing methods, sensing principles, signal detection and processing. Compared with traditional sensing elements, optical fiber sensing technology has the advantages of anti-electromagnetic interference, chemical corrosion resistance, radiation resistance, self-powerless, small size, light weight and easy bending.
  • NRL began to implement the Foss program (fiber optic sensor system) hosted by Dr. Charles M. Davis. Since then, fiber optic sensors have been introduced, and subsequent technologies such as OTDR, BOTDA, and FBG have been continuously proposed. Fiber optic sensing technology is increasingly being valued. And use, but due to its low spatial resolution, high light loss and other factors, it seriously hinders the development of optical fiber sensing technology toward miniaturization, remote, distributed, high precision;
  • acoustic emission technology is essentially Some acoustic emission sensors are used to sense and collect these acoustic emission signals, and to store and discriminate these acoustic emission signals to infer possible damage and damage in the structure, and finally to judge the service state of the concrete structure, acoustic emission technology It has the advantages of dynamicity, sensitivity, and integrity, but there are still many defects, such as short signal transmission distance, less monitoring content, and poor anti-electromagnetic interference capability, which seriously hinder its development;
  • the traditional piezoelectric ceramic acoustic emission detection method has mature technology and simple operation, but has many drawbacks. For example, the system is relatively large, the cable is too much, and the anti-electricity measurement capability is poor. Therefore, a new type of optical fiber is produced.
  • Bragg grating type acoustic emission detection system has high sensitivity and strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, but this method also has serious problems. It still belongs to the current more traditional point-based monitoring, which is far from meeting the current large structure. Wide range of monitoring, long-distance transmission and other issues, it is necessary to develop a new type of distributed sensing fiber-type acoustic emission monitoring and detection system.
  • the present invention provides a distributed sensing optical fiber acoustic emission control device and method for sensing structural performance degradation, a fusion sensing optical fiber de-temperature interference device, and a sensing optical fiber acoustic emission sensing device.
  • Sensing fiber optic emission demodulation device, integrated multi-complex device multi-function module multi-interconnect component sensing fiber acoustic emission sensing system realizes multi-level high-precision identification monitoring and detection fusion technology, can realize structure in vivo High-precision detection and monitoring of microstructural damage.
  • a sensing optical fiber acoustic emission integrated sensing system for monitoring structure safety of the present invention is characterized in that: a sensing fiber de-temperature interference device and a sensing fiber acoustic emission demodulation device are provided.
  • the sensing fiber sequentially passes through the sensing fiber to the temperature interference device and the sensing fiber acoustic emission demodulating device;
  • the sensing fiber de-temperature interference device comprises a vacuum cavity module, a composite material flat slot module and a port solid fiber module, the vacuum cavity module is connected with the composite material flat slot module, and the port solid fiber module and the vacuum cavity module are connected by a four-corner plug body.
  • the sensing fiber sequentially passes through the composite flat groove module, the vacuum cavity module and the port solid fiber module, and the vacuum cavity module, the composite material flat slot module and the port solid fiber module are all fixed in the installation pipe, and the installation pipe is located at the temperature lowering end.
  • the composite flat groove module comprises a cylinder made of a special composite material, the center of the cylinder is provided with a through hole through which the sensing fiber passes, and a gland is arranged at the top of the cylinder, and the center of the gland is provided with a concave Forming a glue tank;
  • the vacuum chamber module comprises a vacuum chamber and an elastic fastening outer ring, one end of the vacuum chamber is connected with the cover plate, the cover plate is fixed in the installation tube by glue, and the other end is connected with the elastic fastening outer ring,
  • the center of the elastic fastening outer ring is provided with a circular hole, and the outer hole of the elastic fiber is provided with a hard fiber outer layer.
  • the bottom end of the elastic fastening outer ring is provided with a tapered hole, and the four-corner plug is installed in the tapered hole.
  • Extending a cylindrical boss the cylindrical boss is located in the outer layer of the hard fiber sheath, the cylindrical boss passes through the sensing fiber, and the vacuum chamber is connected with the vacuuming device outside the mounting tube, and the sensing fiber passes through the cover plate in turn.
  • the port solid fiber module includes a left arc pressing body and a right arc pressing body, and one ends of the left arc pressing body and the right arc pressing body are respectively hinged to the bottom end of the elastic fastening outer ring, left
  • the other ends of the arc pressing body and the right arc pressing body respectively extend with a boss, and the boss is provided with connecting means, and the curved faces of the left arc pressing body and the right arc pressing body are oppositely arranged, the left arc pressing body and the right arc
  • the pressing body forms an arc-pressure cavity, and the arc-pressure cavity passes through the sensing fiber;
  • the sensing fiber acoustic emission demodulation device comprises a plurality of sensing fiber acoustic emission sensing devices and an acoustic emission source, and the sensing fiber acoustic emission device comprises an inner support body, a mesh module, a fiber carrier module and a connection module
  • the inner support body, the mesh module and the fiber-carrying module form a cylindrical shape, the inner support body has a four-sided concave inner four-sided concave shape, and the inner support body has four concave surfaces on the inner support body.
  • a mesh module having a plurality of meshes is disposed in each of the four concave surfaces, and a fiber-carrying module is disposed between the two adjacent mesh modules, and the fiber-optic module includes a sensing fiber; the acoustic emission source and the sensing fiber are One end is connected, and the other end of the sensing fiber is connected to the receiver, and the receiver is sequentially connected to the photodetector, the second amplifier, the signal processor, the memory, and the concrete structure monitoring and evaluation information system.
  • the vacuuming device comprises a vacuum pump and a gas valve
  • the vacuum chamber is connected to the gas valve through a pipeline
  • the vacuum valve is mounted on the gas valve
  • the vacuum sensor is installed on the pipeline.
  • the connecting device comprises a frame transverse connecting shaft, and the two bosses are provided with through holes, and the frame transverse connecting shaft passes through the two through holes and is locked by the elastic control cap.
  • a laser light source is further included, and the laser light source is sequentially connected by a mode-locked laser, a polarization beam splitter, a nonlinear amplifier, a spectrometer, a Michelson interferometer, a femtosecond pulse, an edge filter, a first amplifier, and an optical splitter, and the optical splitter
  • the device is connected to the sensing fiber.
  • the mesh module comprises a carrier, and the carrier is provided with a mesh in the direction of the axis of the sensing fiber, and each carrier is provided with a triangular co-cavity mesh, a circular co-cavity mesh, a four-sided co-cavity mesh, One of the five-corner co-cavity meshes has a different mesh shape on each carrier, and the triangular co-cavity mesh, the circular co-cavity mesh, the four-sided co-cavity mesh, and the pentagonal co-cavity mesh are arranged in a counterclockwise order.
  • the fiber-carrying module comprises a blocking block, a closing plug, a double-fiber channel and a semi-circular fiber-conducting platform, wherein the semi-circular fiber-receiving table is connected with the carrier, the semi-circular fiber-receiving station is provided with a double fiber channel, and the double fiber channel is provided There are two sensing fibers, and closed plugs are respectively hinged on both sides of the top of the semi-circular fiber-storing table, and the two closing plugs are locked by the blocking block.
  • the semicircular fiber receiving station is provided with a fiber partition wall separating two sensing fibers, and the fiber blocking wall is a vacuum heat insulating plate.
  • the method further includes a connection module, the connection module includes a first base and a second base, the first base is connected to the folding shaft epitaxial column through the first collar, and the second base is extended by the second collar and the folding shaft
  • the column is connected, and the first sleeve and the second sleeve are respectively provided with a locking device.
  • the upper end of the first base is provided with a first fiber-loaded bent hole, and the upper end of the second base is provided with a second fiber-loaded bent hole, and the folding shaft
  • the epitaxial column is provided with an inner through hole, and the inner through hole is provided with a bending and turning axis, and the upper end surface of the bending and turning shaft is provided with a fixing plug.
  • a method for operating a distributed sensing optical fiber acoustic emission control device with perceptual structural performance degradation includes the following steps:
  • the two bosses are connected in series to the frame transversely connected shaft through the frame transverse connecting shaft, and the rotating frame is connected to the elastic control cap on the shaft to control the elastic control cap to rotate inward, so that the bosses move in opposite directions and pass through
  • the boss fixes the sensing fiber into the arc-pressure cavity to form a vibrating wire
  • the outer layer of the hard fiber sheath is disposed from the inside to the outside, and the outer ring is elastically fastened, and the cover plate is fixed in the installation tube by glue to form a closed cavity, and the sensing fiber on the cover plate is also performed by injection molding.
  • the vacuum chamber is in a state where there is no external temperature interference, and the obtained stress and strain value is the value after the temperature is removed, and it is recorded as the first time without temperature interference sensing fiber monitoring strain value.
  • the vacuum chamber section is in a state of no external temperature interference, and the obtained stress and strain value is a value after the temperature is removed; the average value of the stress and strain generated by the external cavity is monitored by the vacuum cavity section and the cylindrical sensing fiber. Value as the final monitoring result;
  • the blocking block is removed, the closing plugs on both sides are opened around the bending axis, and the double fiber channel is arranged along the fiber wall to the bottom end of the semicircular fiber receiving table, and the eight sensing fibers are arranged according to two
  • the group is arranged in four double fiber channels, and the closing plugs on both sides are closed around the bending axis, pressing the closing plug butting, and the blocking block is passed through the upper end of the fiber partition wall, and the closing plugs on both sides are closed. Fixing, fixing the blocking blocks on the other partition walls in the same manner, and finally completing the layout of the mesh module and the four-way fiber-loading module;
  • the fourth step is to rotate the bending and turning axis according to the needs of the project, thereby driving the rotation of the first base and the second base, so that a certain angle is formed between the first fiber-loaded bent hole and the second fiber-loaded bent hole, and then Fixed plug into the bending axis Medium, and fixing the bending axis, thereby fixing an angle between the first fiber bending hole and the second fiber bending hole;
  • the acoustic emission wave in the acoustic emission source will affect the femtosecond pulse light information of the sensing fiber in the sensing fiber acoustic emission sensing device, and the information will be It is amplified and delayed from the physical size, and the acoustic emission information that is secondarily amplified and delayed is transmitted to the sensing fiber, and the changed femtosecond pulse light information is received and detected by the receiver and the photodetector.
  • the signal processor and the memory are used to perform denoising processing and data storage on the changed femtosecond pulse light information, and then converge into the structure monitoring and evaluation information system to draw the femtosecond pulse light information in the structure monitoring and evaluation information system.
  • the time-history curve is changed to reflect the change of the acoustic emission wave generated by the acoustic emission source, thereby realizing the dynamic monitoring of the structure.
  • the sensing structure performance of the present invention deteriorates the distributed sensing optical fiber acoustic emission control device. From the mechanism and practical engineering application level, the simple technology is simply superimposed, and the multi-complexity module multi-interconnect is integrated.
  • the sensing optical fiber acoustic emission sensing system of the component is the first to propose the fusion femtosecond pulse technology, the acoustic emission technology and the multi-level time delay of the multi-acoustic wave in the multi-level physical scale and the acoustic fiber acoustic emission under the multi-sonic vibration frequency.
  • the integrated sensing system and method realize a new technology of multi-level high-precision identification monitoring and detection fusion, which can complete distributed monitoring, high spatial resolution spatial positioning and high-precision quantitative identification, which has the advantages of flexibility and simple operation.
  • the advantages of convenient use, etc. can realize process and automation applications, and have great advantages in reducing monitoring costs, improving monitoring accuracy, and improving engineering practicality.
  • Figure 1 is a structural view of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the sensing fiber de-temperature interference device of FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a front view of Fig. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the sensing fiber acoustic emission sensing device of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a connection module.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the acoustic fiber demodulation device of the sensing fiber of FIG. 1.
  • the sensing structure safety sensing optical fiber acoustic emission integrated sensing system of the present invention comprises a sensing fiber de-temperature interference device and a sensing fiber acoustic emission demodulation device, and the sensing fiber passes through in turn. Sensing fiber de-temperature interference device and sensing fiber acoustic emission demodulation device.
  • the sensing fiber de-temperature interference device comprises a vacuum cavity module, a composite material flat slot module, a port solid fiber module, and the vacuum cavity module and the composite material flat slot module are connected by a cover plate 217 with a side length of 2 cm, and the port solid fiber module is
  • the vacuum chamber module is connected by a four-corner plug body with a length of 2 cm between the vertices.
  • the composite flat-slot module is connected to the port solid fiber module through a de-heating bottom platform with a length of 30 cm, a height of 5 cm and a width of 20 cm.
  • the sensing fiber optic monitoring device for temperature disturbance passes through a left connecting card slot 221 having a length of 30 cm and a width of 4 cm, a length of 30 cm, and a width of 4 cm.
  • the connection card slot 210 is connected to a card slot fixing bolt 222 having a height of 6 cm and a diameter of 1 cm.
  • the TPU type rigid fiber outer layer 209 and the 5cm diameter TPEE type elastic fastening outer ring 212 are respectively covered from the inside to the outside of the GJJV type tight-sense sensing fiber, and the TPU type hard protection is applied.
  • the outer layer 209 of the fiber is mainly used to effectively fix the GJJV type tight-sense sensing fiber in a vacuum cavity module having a length of 10 cm and a diameter of 5 cm.
  • the TPEE type elastic fastening outer ring 212 mainly protects the outer layer 209 of the hard fiber sheath.
  • the TPEE type elastic fastening outer ring 212 and the cover plate 217 form a cavity structure, that is, a vacuum chamber 216 having a length of 10 cm and a diameter of 5 cm.
  • the vacuum chamber 216 is connected to a vacuuming device outside the mounting tube.
  • the vacuuming device comprises a vacuum pump 215 and a gas valve 214.
  • the vacuum chamber 216 is connected to the gas valve 214 through a pipe.
  • the gas valve is mounted with a vacuum pump 215, and the vacuum is installed on the pipe. sensor.
  • the degree of vacuum in the vacuum chamber 216 is detected by a vacuum sensor. When the degree of vacuum in the vacuum chamber 216 reaches the demand, the vacuum pump 215 stops working and the gas valve is closed.
  • the material of the cylinder 219 made of special composite material in the composite flat groove module is taken as a special performance resin-based composite material, and a circular arc-shaped concave concave injection is arranged at the end of the cylindrical body 219 of the special performance resin-based composite material.
  • the glue tank 220 in this example, the special composite material 219 with special performance resin-based composite material embedded in the installation tube, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the special performance resin-based composite material and the special performance resin matrix-based composite material GJJV type tight sleeve
  • the product of the difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the sensing fiber and the strain value of the corresponding segment of the GJJV model tight sensing fiber is equal to the temperature coefficient of the corresponding segment of the GJJV model tight sensing fiber.
  • the left arc pressing body 204 and the right arc pressing body 205 are both rigid material structures having an arc of ⁇ /3, and the left arc pressing body 204 and the right arc pressing body 205 are intermediate protrusions at both ends.
  • the concave structure, the two bosses are a left arc-shaped tip handle 200 and a right arc-pressured tip handle 201, and the left arc-pressured tip handle 200 and the right-arc-pressured tip handle 201 are rectangular parallelepipeds having a length of 2 cm and a width of 1 cm, and the frame
  • the transverse connecting shaft 203 is a cylindrical structure having a diameter of 2 cm and a length of 8 cm.
  • the elastic control cap 202 has an inner diameter of 2 cm, an outer diameter of 2.5 cm, an inner diameter of 2 cm, and an outer diameter of 2.5 cm.
  • the elastic control cap 202 can control a diameter of 2 cm and a length.
  • the 8cm frame crosses the movement of the left arc pressing tip 200 and the right arc pressing tip 201 on the shaft 203, and further, the GJJV type tightly sensing fiber is adopted by the convex structure of the left arc pressing body 204 and the right arc pressing body 205. 206 is fixed in the arc pressure cavity.
  • the sensing fiber acoustic emission demodulation device comprises a plurality of sensing fiber acoustic emission sensing devices and an acoustic emission source
  • the sensing fiber acoustic emission routing module comprises four sensing fiber acoustic emission device, each sensing fiber sound Eight sets of GJJV tight-fitting sensing fibers are arranged in the launching device. Under the action of water load, cracks in different heights will occur in the high concrete dam. However, it cannot be found from the appearance, so it is necessary to detect the possible internal occurrence.
  • the micro-crack, the acoustic emission source 336 in the acoustic emission module transmits the acoustic emission wave to the GJJV model tight-sense sensing fiber in the sensing fiber acoustic emission deployment module, and the GJJV model tight-sense sensing fiber and the acoustic emission module receiver 334
  • the input terminals are connected, and then pass through the photodetector 333, the second amplifier 332, the signal processor 331 and the memory 330 in sequence, and finally connected to the concrete structure monitoring and evaluation information system 329.
  • each sensing fiber acoustic emission device includes a mesh module, four fiber-loading modules, and a transfer mode.
  • the block, the mesh module and the fiber-splitting module are connected by a curved-shaped bending shaft 402 of a circular arc structure, and a connecting module is arranged at the bending portion for bending and fixing the mesh module of the GJJV type tight-sense sensing fiber and Fiber-loaded module.
  • triangular co-cavity meshes 407 having an equilateral triangle and a side length of 2 cm, and are arranged in four rows, and are located in the upper right semicircle of the inner supporting body, and have a circular cross section and a diameter.
  • the 3cm circular co-cavity mesh 403 has three rows, consisting of 12 cavities of equal circular section, located in the upper left semicircle of the inner support body, and has a quadrilateral cross section with an equilateral quadrilateral and a side length of 2.5 cm.
  • the mesh 404 has a total of 4 rows and is composed of 12 cavities of an equilateral square cross section, and is located in the lower left semicircle of the inner supporting body, and has a five-sided co-cavity mesh 408 having an equilateral pentagon and a side length of 1.5 cm. It consists of 12 cavities of 3 rows of equilateral pentagon sections, located in the lower right half of the inner support body.
  • the hole 404, the five-corner co-cavity mesh 408 having an equal-sided pentagon shape and a side length of 1.5 cm are sequentially connected to the four-corner concave inner support body 409 in a counterclockwise order.
  • the triangular co-cavity mesh 407, the circular co-cavity mesh 403, the four-sided co-cavity mesh 404, and the pentagonal co-cavity mesh 408 are located on four carriers of the same size and shape.
  • the four identical fiber-loaded module assemblies are included, and the four components are adjacent to each other at an angle of 90°, and the closed plugs 401 in the form of circular arc sections in each component are symmetrically distributed in a length of 8 cm.
  • the intermediate position of the double-fiber channel 405 having a diameter of 5 cm is a fiber-optic wall 435 having a length of 8 cm
  • the fiber-optic wall 435 is a VIP plate
  • the outer wall of the double-fiber channel 405 having a diameter of 5 cm is 12 cm in diameter.
  • the semicircular fiber receiving table 406 has a bending axis 402 in the form of a circular arc section on both sides of the closing plug 401 in the form of a circular arc section, and the closing plug 401 in the form of a circular arc section is located at the upper end of the semicircular fiber receiving table 406 having a diameter of 12 cm,
  • the closing plug 401 is rotated about the bending axis 402, and the double fiber passage 405 having a diameter of 5 cm can be pressed into the semicircular fiber receiving table 406 having a diameter of 12 cm, and distributed in a circle symmetrically distributed on both sides of the fiber dividing wall 435 having a length of 8 cm.
  • the blocking block 400 having a length of 2 cm and a width of 1 cm is fastened to the outer end of the fiber-optic wall 435 having a length of 8 cm to fix the closing plug 401.
  • the barrier block 400 can be a screw-like structure that locks the two closure plugs.
  • the folding shaft epitaxial column 410 having a height of 50 cm and a width of 5 cm is located at a middle position between the first base 412 having a bottom end width of 30 cm and the second base 411 having a bottom end width of 30 cm, and the first base 412 passes through the first collar 417.
  • the first base 411 is connected to the folding shaft epitaxial column 410 through the second collar 418.
  • the first sleeve 417 and the second sleeve 418 are respectively provided with locking devices, and the first base 412 is The upper end is provided with a first fiber-loaded bent hole 413 having a diameter of 30 cm, and a first-loaded bent hole 413 having a diameter of 30 cm on the first base 412 having a bottom end of 30 cm.
  • One end of the second module 411 having a bottom end width of 30 cm is disposed at one end of the second base 411 having a bottom end width of 30 cm, and a second fiber-loaded bent hole 414 having a diameter of 30 cm is disposed, and the second fiber-loaded bent hole on the second base 411 is disposed.
  • the hole 414 is used for placing the other end of the mesh module and the fiber-carrying module, and the outer edge of the bending shaft 415 having a diameter of 3 cm and a height of 60 cm is connected to the inner edge of the folding shaft epitaxial column 410 having a height of 50 cm and a width of 5 cm.
  • the turning axis 415 is located at an intermediate position of the folding shaft epitaxial column 410.
  • the first fiber carrying hole 413 having a diameter of 30 cm and the second fiber carrying hole 414 having a diameter of 30 cm and a bending portion of a diameter of 3 cm and a height of 60 cm are bent by the folding shaft epitaxial column 410.
  • the shafts 415 are connected.
  • a certain angle will be formed between the first fiber loading hole 413 and the second fiber carrying hole 414, and the first ring 417 and the second set are locked by the locking device.
  • the ring 418 is locked on the folding shaft epitaxial column 410, and the fixing plug 416 having a diameter of 3.8 cm and a height of 1.5 cm is located at the upper end surface of the bending axis 415 having a diameter of 3 cm and a height of 60 cm, and the bending axis 415 extends beyond the folding axis extension column 410.
  • the part has a thread and a fixed plug with a diameter of 3.8 cm and a height of 1.5 cm.
  • the laser light source 319 can emit a laser pulse, and the output end of the laser light source 319 is connected to the input end of the mode-locked laser 320, and the laser short pulse can be generated by the mode-locking technique, and the width of the laser pulse is shortened to fly.
  • the output of the mode-locked laser 320 is connected to the input of the polarization beam splitter 321, and the output of the polarization beam splitter 321 is connected to the input of the non-linear amplifier 322.
  • the output of the non-linear amplifier 322 is connected to the input end of the spectrometer 323, and the spectrometer 323 is used to measure the intensity of the different wavelength positions of the spectral line through a photodetector such as a photomultiplier tube.
  • the output of the spectrometer 323 and the Michelson interferometer 324 The input terminal is connected, and the femtosecond pulse outputted by the Michelson interferometer 324 passes through the input end of the edge filter 326 and enters the input end of the first amplifier 327.
  • the output end of the first amplifier 327 is connected to the input end of the optical splitter 328.
  • the output of the divider 328 is coupled to the input of the sensing fiber in the four sensing fiber acoustic emission routing devices 335.
  • sensing fibers in the sensing fiber acoustic emission demodulation device are subjected to temperature sensitive compensation of the sensing fiber.
  • the device is not connected to the sensing fiber acoustic emission demodulation device at one time, only one measurement is required, and the other is connected to the sensing fiber acoustic emission demodulation device for demodulation.
  • the area to be monitored on the surface of the hydraulic concrete dam is a 100m ⁇ 100m planar area. It is planned to use eight 500m long sensing fibers, and based on the previous monitoring conditions and construction status of the structure at the time, according to the sensing fiber to temperature interference device The order of the sensing fiber acoustic emission demodulation device is sequentially configured;
  • the frame is transversely coupled to the shaft 203, and the rotating frame is transversely connected to the elastic control cap 202 having an inner diameter of 2 cm and an outer diameter of 2.5 cm on the shaft 203, and the elastic cap 202 is controlled to rotate inwardly, and the left arc pressing body 204 having a curvature of ⁇ /3 is passed.
  • a portion of the right arc-pressing body 205 having a curvature of ⁇ /3 is fixed to the arc-pressure cavity 207 by a GJJV-type tight-fitting sensing fiber; and 11 first-loaded fiber-bending holes 413 having a diameter of 30 cm and a diameter of 30 cm are determined.
  • the angle between the second fiber carrying holes 414 is all 60°, and the angle between the first fiber carrying hole 413 and the second fiber carrying hole 414 is fixed;
  • the vacuum chamber 216 is evacuated by the vacuum pump 215 to form a closed cavity.
  • the GJJV model of the vacuum chamber is in a state of no external temperature interference, and is recorded as the first temperature-free interference sensing.
  • the optical fiber monitors the strain value; the fast gel water is injected into the circular arc-shaped concave injection tank 220, so that the vacuum chamber 216 is in a full vacuum or quasi-vacuum state, and the GJJV type tight-sense sensing fiber is also passed through the space.
  • the strain value generated by the external load obtained by the GJJV model of the cylinder is the value after the temperature change, and it is recorded as the second temperature-free interference sensing fiber monitoring strain value.
  • Some damage occurs in the hydraulic concrete dam, and an acoustic emission signal is generated.
  • Acoustic emission signals propagate through the pentagonal co-cavity mesh 408, the triangular co-cavity mesh 407, the circular co-cavity mesh 403, and the four-sided co-cavity mesh 404. It will be transmitted to the GJJV tight-fitting sensing fiber in the sensing fiber acoustic emission sensing device according to different time and frequency.
  • the changing optical information in the GJJV model tight sensing fiber will pass through the receiver 334 and the photodetector 333.
  • the memory 330 collects the changed optical information into the structure monitoring and evaluation information system 329, evaluates the extent and location of the structural damage, and implements dynamic monitoring and analysis.

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Abstract

一种监测结构体安全的传感光纤声发射集成感知系统及方法，该系统包括传感光纤去温度干扰装置和传感光纤声发射解调装置，传感光纤（206）依次穿过传感光纤去温度干扰装置和传感光纤声发射解调装置。感知结构性能劣化分布式传感光纤声发射调控装置，集成了多复杂装置多功能模块多互联组件的传感光纤声发射感知系统，提出融合飞秒脉冲技术、声发射技术和多级物理尺度下多声发射波共腔孔多级时间延迟与多声波振动频率下的传感光纤声发射集成感知系统及方法，实现了多层级高精度辨识的监测与探测融合的技术，可以实现流程化、自动化应用，在降低监测成本、提高监测精度及提升工程实用化能力等方面具有较大优势。

Description

监测结构体安全的传感光纤声发射集成感知系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及感知结构性能劣化分布式传感光纤声发射调控装置及方法，属于水工程结构安全监测与探测领域。
背景技术
光纤传感技术以光波为传感信号，以光纤为传输载体，感知和探测外界被测信号，在传感方式、传感原理以及信号的探测与处理等方面都具有传统电学传感器所没有的优势，与传统的传感元件相比，光纤传感技术具有抗电磁干扰、抗化学腐蚀、抗辐射性能好、且本身不带电、体积小、质量轻、容易弯曲等优势，1977年美国海军研究所(NRL)开始执行由Charles M.Davis博士主持的Foss计划(光纤传感器系统)，从此光纤传感器开始问世，随后的OTDR、BOTDA、FBG等技术被不断地提出，光纤传感技术越来越被重视与利用，但是由于其空间分辨过低、大传输距离时光损过高等因素，严重阻碍着光纤传感技术向着小型化、远程化、分布式、高精度的发展；
当应力、温度、腐蚀、荷载等外界因素对混凝土结构体进行干扰时，材料内部会产生断裂或者变形等情况，此时结构体会释放出弹性能，也是就声发射，声发射技术本质上讲，就是采用一些声发射传感器来感知与采集这些声发射信号，通过存储与辨析这些声发射信号来推断结构体内可能存在的损伤与破坏，最终对混凝土结构体的服役性态给出判断，声发射技术具有动态性、敏感性、整体性等优点，但是仍然存在较多缺陷，比如信号传输距离短、监测内容少、抗电磁干扰能力差等缺点，严重的阻碍着其发展；
传统的压电陶瓷声发射检测法，其技术成熟、操作简单，但是弊端也较多，比如系统较为庞大、线缆过多、抗电测干扰能力差，为此，产生了一种新型的光纤布拉格光栅型声发射检测系统，其灵敏度高、抗电磁干扰能力强，但是该种方法也存在较为严重的问题，其仍旧属于当前较为传统的点式监测，已经远远不能满足当前大结构体、广监测范围、远距离传输等问题，因此需要研制一种新型的分布式传感光纤型的声发射监测探测系统。
发明内容
发明目的：为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种感知结构性能劣化分布式传感光纤声发射调控装置及方法，融合传感光纤去温度干扰装置、传感光纤声发射感知装置、传感光纤声发射解调装置，集成了多复杂装置多功能模块多互联组件的传感光纤声发射感知系统，实现了多层级高精度辨识的监测与探测融合的新型技术，可实现结构体内微小结构损伤的高精度探测与监测。
技术方案：为解决上述技术问题，本发明的一种监测结构体安全的传感光纤声发射集成感知系统，其特征在于：包括传感光纤去温度干扰装置和传感光纤声发射解调装置，传感光纤依次穿过传感光纤去温度干扰装置和传感光纤声发射解调装置；
所述传感光纤去温度干扰装置包括真空腔模块、复合材料平槽模块和端口固纤模块，真空腔模块与复合材料平槽模块连接，端口固纤模块与真空腔模块通过四角塞体相连接，传感光纤依次穿过复合材料平槽模块、真空腔模块和端口固纤模块，所述真空腔模块、复合材料平槽模块和端口固纤模块均固定在安装管内，安装管位于去温底台上；所述复合材料平槽模块包括特种复合材料制成的圆柱体，圆柱体中心设有传感光纤穿过的通孔，在圆柱体顶部设有压盖，压盖中心设有对凹形注胶槽；所述真空腔模块包含真空腔和弹性紧固外环，所述真空腔的一端与盖板连接，盖板通过胶水固定在安装管内，另一端与弹性紧固外环连接，所述弹性紧固外环中心设有圆孔，圆孔内设有硬质护纤外层，弹性紧固外环的底端设有圆锥孔，圆锥孔内安装有四角塞体，四角塞体延伸有圆柱凸台，圆柱凸台位于硬质护纤外层内，圆柱凸台内穿过传感光纤，真空腔与位于安装管外的抽真空装置连接，传感光纤依次穿过盖板、真空腔和四角塞体；所述端口固纤模块包括左弧压体和右弧压体，所述左弧压体和右弧压体的一端分别与弹性紧固外环的底端铰接，左弧压体和右弧压体的另一端分别延伸有凸台，凸台上设有连接装置，所述左弧压体和右弧压体的弧形面相对设置，左弧压体和右弧压体形成弧压空腔，弧压空腔中穿过传感光纤；
所述传感光纤声发射解调装置包括若干个传感光纤声发射感知装置和声发射源，所述传感光纤声发射布设装置包含内支撑体、网孔模块、载纤模块和转连模块，所述内支撑体、网孔模块和载纤模块组成圆柱状形状，所述内支撑体的截面为四边内凹的四角内凹形，内支撑体四个面为凹面，在内支撑体的四个凹面中均设有若干个网孔的网孔模块，相邻两个网孔模块之间设有载纤模块，载纤模块内包含传感光纤；所述声发射源与传感光纤的一端连接，传感光纤的另一端与接收器连接，接收器依次与光探测器、第二放大器、信号处理器、存储器和混凝土结构体监测与评估信息系统连接。
作为优选，所述抽真空装置包含真空泵和气阀，真空腔通过管道与气阀连接，气阀上安装有真空泵，所述管道上安装有真空度传感器。
作为优选，所述连接装置包含框横连轴，两个凸台上均设有通孔，框横连轴穿过两个通孔后通过松紧控帽锁紧。
作为优选，还包括激光光源，激光光源依次通过锁模激光器、偏振分束器、非线性放大器、光谱仪、迈克尔逊干涉仪、飞秒脉冲、边缘滤波器、第一放大器和光分器连接，光分器与传感光纤连接。
作为优选，所述网孔模块包含载体，载体上设有沿传感光纤轴线方向上的网孔，每一个载体上设有三角共腔网孔、圆共腔网孔、四边共腔网孔、五角共腔网孔中的一种，每个载体上的网孔形状均不同，三角共腔网孔、圆共腔网孔、四边共腔网孔和五角共腔网孔按照逆时针顺序设置。
作为优选，所述载纤模块包含阻隔块、封闭塞、双光纤通道和半圆承纤台，所述半圆承纤台与载体连接，半圆承纤台内设有双光纤通道，双光纤通道内设有两条传感光纤，在半圆承纤台顶部的两边分别铰接有封闭塞，两个封闭塞通过阻隔块锁紧。
作为优选，所述半圆承纤台内设有分隔两条传感光纤的隔纤壁，所述隔纤壁为真空绝热板。
作为优选，还包含转连模块，所述转连模块包含第一底座和第二底座，第一底座通过第一套环与折轴外延柱连接，第二底座通过第二套环与折轴外延柱连接，第一套环和第二套环上均设有锁紧装置，第一底座的上端布设有第一载纤弯孔，第二底座的上端布设有第二载纤弯孔，折轴外延柱设有内通孔，在内通孔内设有弯转折轴，弯转折轴的上端面设有固定栓塞。
一种上述的感知结构性能劣化分布式传感光纤声发射调控装置的运行方法，包括以下步骤：
第一步、通过框横连轴将两个凸台串联到框横连轴上，转动框横连轴上的松紧控帽，控制松紧控帽向内转动，使得凸台对向运动，进而通过凸台将传感光纤固定到弧压空腔中，以形成振弦的形式；
第二步、由内到外配置硬质护纤外层、弹性紧固外环，将盖板通过胶水固定在安装管内形成密闭的空腔，通过注胶也将盖板上的传感光纤进行固定，此时该真空腔段处于外界无温度干扰的状态，其获取的应力应变数值为去温度影响之后的数值，将其记录为其第一次无温度干扰传感光纤监测应变数值，此时该真空腔段处于外界无温度干扰的状态，其获取的应力应变数值为去温度影响之后的数值；将真空腔段与圆柱体的传感光纤所监测到外界荷载所产生的应力应变数值的平均值作为最终监测结果；
第三步、卸掉阻隔块，绕着弯转折轴打开两侧的封闭塞，沿着隔纤壁将双光纤通道布设到半圆承纤台的底端，将八根传感光纤按照两个一组的形式布设到四个双光纤通道中，绕着弯转折轴将两侧的封闭塞关闭，按压封闭塞对接处，将阻隔块穿过隔纤壁的上端，将两侧的封闭塞闭合处进行固定，按照同样方式将其他处隔纤壁上的阻隔块进行固定，最终完成网孔模块和四向载纤模块的布设；
第四步、按照工程的需要转动弯转折轴，进而带动第一底座和第二底座的旋转，从而使得第一载纤弯孔和第二载纤弯孔之间形成一定的夹角，后将固定栓塞套入弯转折轴 中，并将弯转折轴固定，进而固定第一载纤弯孔和第二载纤弯孔之间的角度；
第五步、当结构体在外界荷载作用下产生声发射源时，声发射源中的声发射波将影响到传感光纤声发射感知装置中传感光纤的飞秒脉冲光信息，这些信息会被从物理尺寸上被二次放大与延迟，被二次放大与延迟的声发射信息会传递给传感光纤，通过接收器、光探测器对变化的飞秒脉冲光信息进行接收并探测，后经过信号处理器和存储器将变化的飞秒脉冲光信息进行去噪处理和数据存储，进而汇聚到结构体监测与评估信息系统中，绘制结构体监测与评估信息系统中的飞秒脉冲光信息的变化时程曲线，反映声发射源所产生的声发射波的变化，进而实现对结构体动态的监测。
有益效果：本发明的感知结构性能劣化分布式传感光纤声发射调控装置，从机理及实际工程应用层面，突破传统意义上的简单技术单纯性地叠加，集成了多复杂装置多功能模块多互联组件的传感光纤声发射感知系统，首创提出融合飞秒脉冲技术、声发射技术和多级物理尺度下多声发射波共腔孔多级时间延迟与多声波振动频率下的传感光纤声发射集成感知系统及方法，实现了多层级高精度辨识的监测与探测融合的新型技术，可完成全程分布式监测、高空间分辨率空间定位和高精度定量辨识，其具有灵活性强、操作简单、使用便捷等优势，可以实现流程化、自动化应用，在降低监测成本、提高监测精度及提升工程实用化能力等方面具有较大优势。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构图。
图2为图1中传感光纤去温度干扰装置的结构示意图。
图3为图2的主视图。
图4为图1中传感光纤声发射感知装置的结构示意图。
图5为转连模块的结构示意图。
图6为图1中传感光纤声发射解调装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1至图6所示，本发明的监测结构体安全的传感光纤声发射集成感知系统，包括传感光纤去温度干扰装置和传感光纤声发射解调装置，传感光纤依次穿过传感光纤去温度干扰装置和传感光纤声发射解调装置。
所述传感光纤去温度干扰装置包括真空腔模块、复合材料平槽模块、端口固纤模块，真空腔模块与复合材料平槽模块通过边长为2cm的盖板217连接，端口固纤模块与真空腔模块通过各顶点间长度2cm的四角塞体相连接，复合材料平槽模块通过长度为30cm、高度为5cm、宽度20cm的去温底台与端口固纤模块相连接，相邻的两个去温度干扰的传感光纤监测装置通过长度30cm、宽度4cm的左连接卡槽221、长度30cm、宽度4cm的右 连接卡槽210和高度为6cm、直径为1cm的卡槽固定栓222进行连接。
真空腔模块中从内到外依次覆盖在GJJV型号紧套传感光纤外面的分别为TPU型硬质护纤外层209、直径5cm的TPEE型的弹性紧固外环212，TPU型硬质护纤外层209主要是将GJJV型号紧套传感光纤有效地固定在长度10cm、直径5cm的真空腔模块中，TPEE型弹性紧固外环212的作用主要是保护硬质护纤外层209，TPEE型的弹性紧固外环212与盖板217形成一个空腔结构，即为长度10cm、直径5cm的真空腔216。真空腔216与安装管外的抽真空装置连接，抽真空装置包含真空泵215和气阀214，真空腔216通过管道与气阀214连接，气阀上安装有真空泵215，所述管道上安装有真空度传感器。通过真空传感器检测真空腔216内的真空度，当真空腔216内的真空度达到要求时，真空泵215停止工作，关闭气阀。
复合材料平槽模块中特种复合材料制成的圆柱体219的材质取为特种性能树脂基复合材料，在特种性能树脂基复合材料材质的圆柱体219的末端布设有圆弧形的对凹形注胶槽220，在本实例中，安装管中内嵌有特种性能树脂基复合材料的特种复合材料219，且规定特种性能树脂基复合材料的热膨胀系数与特种性能树脂基复合材料中GJJV型号紧套传感光纤的热膨胀系数之差与该对应段GJJV型号紧套传感光纤应变值的乘积等于该对应段GJJV型号紧套传感光纤的温度系数。
端口固纤模块中左弧压体204和右弧压体205均为硬质材料的结构体，其弧度为π/3，左弧压体204和右弧压体205为中间凸起而两端下凹的结构，两个凸台为左弧压尖柄200和右弧压尖柄201，左弧压尖柄200和右弧压尖柄201为长度为2cm、宽度为1cm的长方体，且框横连轴203为直径2cm、长度为8cm的圆柱形结构形式，松紧控帽202的内径为2cm、外径为2.5cm，内径2cm、外径2.5cm的松紧控帽202可以控制直径2cm、长度8cm的框横连轴203上左弧压尖柄200和右弧压尖柄201的运动，进而，通过左弧压体204和右弧压体205的凸起结构将GJJV型号紧套传感光纤206固定在弧压空腔中。
所述传感光纤声发射解调装置包括若干个传感光纤声发射感知装置和声发射源，传感光纤声发射布设模块包括了四个传感光纤声发射布设装置，每个传感光纤声发射布设装置中均布设有八根GJJV型号紧套传感光纤，在水荷载作用下高混凝土坝坝踵内部会产生不同程度的裂缝，但是从表观并不能发现，因此需要探测可能出现内部的微观的裂缝，声发射模块中声发射源336将声发射波传递给传感光纤声发射布设模块中的GJJV型号紧套传感光纤，GJJV型号紧套传感光纤与声发射模块中接收器334的输入端相连接，后依次经过光探测器333、第二放大器332、信号处理器331和存储器330，最后与混凝土结构体监测与评估信息系统329相连接。
本实施例中，每个传感光纤声发射布设装置包括网孔模块、四个载纤模块、转连模 块，网孔模块与载纤模块通过圆弧形结构的弯转折轴402相连接，在弯转处布设有转连模块，用于弯曲与固定GJJV型号紧套传感光纤所在的网孔模块和载纤模块。
本实施例中，截面为等边三角形、边长为2cm的三角共腔网孔407共有16个，且排成四排的形式，位于内撑住体的右上半圆内，截面为圆形、直径为3cm的圆共腔网孔403共有三排，是由等圆截面的12个空腔组成，位于内撑住体的左上半圆内，截面为等边四边形、边长为2.5cm的四边共腔网孔404共有4排，是由等边四角形截面的12个空腔组成，位于内撑住体的左下半圆内，截面为等边五边形、边长为1.5cm的五角共腔网孔408是由3排等边五角形截面的12个空腔组成，位于内撑住体的右下半圆内。截面为等边三角形、边长为2cm的三角共腔网孔407、截面为圆形、直径为3cm的圆共腔网孔403、截面为等边四边形、边长为2.5cm的四边共腔网孔404、截面为等边五边形、边长为1.5cm的五角共腔网孔408按照逆时针的顺序依次与四角内凹形的内撑住体409相连接。
本实施例中，三角共腔网孔407、圆共腔网孔403、四边共腔网孔404、五角共腔网孔408位于四个大小和形状相同的载体上。12个圆共腔网孔403、16个三角共腔网孔407、12个四边共腔网孔404、12个五角共腔网孔408，由于相互之间的网孔截面形状及排列形式都各不相同，在感知声发射波时，圆共腔网孔403、三角共腔网孔407、四边共腔网孔404和五角共腔网孔408将分别产生不同的时间延迟与声波共振频率。
本实施例中，包含四个相同的载纤模块组件组成，且四个组件相邻之间的夹角为90°，每一个组件中圆弧截面形式的封闭塞401对称分布在长度为8cm的隔纤壁435的两侧，直径为5cm的双光纤通道405中间位置为长度为8cm的隔纤壁435，隔纤壁435为VIP板，直径为5cm的双光纤通道405外周为直径为12cm的半圆承纤台406，圆弧截面形式的弯转折轴402位于圆弧截面形式的封闭塞401的两侧，圆弧截面形式的封闭塞401位于直径为12cm的半圆承纤台406的上端，将封闭塞401绕着弯转折轴402转动，可将直径为5cm的双光纤通道405压制到直径为12cm的半圆承纤台406中，在对称分布于长度为8cm的隔纤壁435两侧的圆弧截面形式的封闭塞401闭合后，将长度2cm、宽度1cm的阻隔块400扣至于长度为8cm的隔纤壁435的外端，以将封闭塞401闭合处进行固定。阻隔块400可以为类似螺钉的结构，将两个封闭塞锁紧。
本实施例中，高度50cm、宽度5cm的折轴外延柱410位于底端宽度30cm的第一底座412和底端宽度30cm的第二底座411的中间位置，第一底座412通过第一套环417与折轴外延柱410连接，第二底座411通过第二套环418与折轴外延柱410连接，第一套环417和第二套环418上均设有锁紧装置，第一底座412的上端布设有直径30cm的第一载纤弯孔413，底端宽度30cm的第一底座412上直径30cm的第一载纤弯孔413 用于放置网孔模块和载纤模块构成组件的一端，底端宽度30cm的第二底座411的上端布设有直径30cm的第二载纤弯孔414，第二底座411上的第二载纤弯孔414用于放置网孔模块和载纤模块构成组件的另一端，直径3cm、高度60cm的弯转折轴415的外缘与高度50cm、宽度5cm的折轴外延柱410的内缘相连接，弯转折轴415位于折轴外延柱410的中间位置，通过折轴外延柱410将直径30cm的第一载纤弯孔413和直径30cm的第二载纤弯孔414与直径3cm、高度60cm的弯转折轴415相连接，通过转动折轴外延柱410，第一载纤弯孔413和第二载纤弯孔414之间将形成一定的角度，通过锁紧装置将第一套环417和第二套环418锁紧在折轴外延柱410上，而直径3.8cm、高度1.5cm的固定栓塞416位于直径3cm、高度60cm的弯转折轴415的上端面处，弯转折轴415超出折轴外延柱410的部分具有螺纹，将直径3.8cm、高度1.5cm的固定栓塞416旋入到弯转折轴415的上端后，可以将直径30cm的第一载纤弯孔413和直径30cm的第二载纤弯孔414之间以任意角度进行固定。
本实施例中，激光光源319可以发出激光脉冲，且激光光源319的输出端与锁模激光器320的输入端相连接，利用锁模技术可以产生激光超短脉冲，将激光脉冲的宽度缩短到飞秒量级，产生高的脉冲宽度和功率值，锁模激光器320的输出端与偏振分束器321的输入端相连接，偏振分束器321的输出端与非线性放大器322的输入端相连接，非线性放大器322的输出端与光谱仪323的输入端连接，利用光谱仪323，通过光电倍增管等光探测器测量谱线不同波长位置强度的装置，光谱仪323的输出端与迈克尔逊干涉仪324的输入端连接，迈克尔逊干涉仪324输出的飞秒脉冲经过边缘滤波器326的输入端后进入第一放大器327的输入端，第一放大器327的输出端与光分器328的输入端连接，光分器328的输出端与四个传感光纤声发射布设装置335中的传感光纤的输入端相连接。
本实施例中，水位高度为100m时，100m水头压力作用下高混凝土坝坝踵内部会产生了不同程度的长短不同的裂缝，此时，长短不同的裂缝会激励产生声发射源336，布设在混凝土结构体内部四个传感光纤声发射布设装置中的GJJV型号紧套传感光纤的光信息会产生随着生声发生源336产生的声发射波而不断地变化，传感光纤的光信号输出端与接收器334的输入端相连接，接收器334的输出端与光探测器333的输入端连接，光探测器333的输出端与第二放大器332的输入端连接，第二放大器332的输出端与信号处理器331的输入端相连接，信号处理器331的输出端与存储器330的输入端相连接，通过存储器330将不断随着声发射波变化而变化的传感光纤上的光信息进行实时存储，且不断地输出到混凝土结构体监测与评估信息系统329中。
在本发明中，传感光纤声发射解调装置中的8根传感光纤都要经过传感光纤温敏补 偿装置，但是不是一次性都连接到传感光纤声发射解调装置上，只需要一根测完了，换成另一根再连接到传感光纤声发射解调装置上解调就可。
一种如上述的监测结构体安全的传感光纤声发射集成感知系统的运行方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)确定待测区域、装配各装置及模块
本水工混凝土坝表面待监测的区域为100m×100m的平面区域，计划使用8根500m长的传感光纤，且基于当时结构体以前的监测情况以及施工状态，依据传感光纤去温度干扰装置、传感光纤声发射解调装置的顺序依次进行配置；
(2)封装传感光纤、进行初始布设
将截面为等边三角形、边长为2cm的16个三角共腔网孔407、截面为圆形、直径为3cm的12个圆共腔网孔403、截面为等边四边形、边长为2.5cm的12个四边共腔网孔404、截面为等边五边形、边长为1.5cm的12个五角共腔网孔408按照逆时针的顺序依次与四角内凹形的内撑住体409相连接；将8根500m长的GJJV型号紧套传感光纤依次布设到直径为5cm的双光纤通道405中，后转动弯转折轴402将两侧的封闭塞401关闭，将阻隔块400穿过隔纤壁435的上端，将两侧的封闭塞401闭合处进行固定，将配置好的网孔模块和四向分布的载纤模块放置到转连模块中进行初始布设；
(3)调试各模块、获取初步监测能力
转动直径2cm、长度8cm的框横连轴203将长度为2cm、宽度为1cm的左弧压尖柄200和长度为2cm、宽度为1cm的右弧压尖柄201串联到直径2cm、长度8cm的框横连轴203上，转动框横连轴203上的内径2cm、外径2.5cm的松紧控帽202，控制松紧控帽202向内转动，通过弧度为π/3的左弧压体204和弧度为π/3的右弧压体205中间凸起的部位将GJJV型号紧套传感光纤固定到弧压空腔207中；确定11处直径30cm的第一载纤弯孔413和直径30cm的第二载纤弯孔414之间的角度全部为60°，固定第一载纤弯孔413和第二载纤弯孔414之间的角度；
(4)运行调试、获取初始数值
通过真空泵215将真空腔216抽真空，形成密闭的空腔，此时该真空腔段GJJV型号紧套传感光纤处于外界无温度干扰的状态，将其记录为其第一次无温度干扰传感光纤监测应变数值；在圆弧形的对凹形注胶槽220中注入快凝胶水，使得真空腔216为全真空或者准真空状态，且通过该处的GJJV型号紧套传感光纤也被固定，此时该圆柱体的GJJV型号紧套传感光纤所获取的外界荷载所产生的应变数值为去温度影响之后的数值，将其记录为其第二次无温度干扰传感光纤监测应变数值，真空腔216段与圆柱体段的GJJV型号紧套传感光纤所监测到外界荷载所产生的应变数值平均值的结果符合正态分 布的规律，将处于最大概率所对应的数值，作为最终监测结果；
(5)打开各部件、实时监测与分析
水工混凝土坝某处出现了损伤，会产生声发射信号，通过五角共腔网孔408、三角共腔网孔407、圆共腔网孔403和四边共腔网孔404进行传播的声发射信号会按照不同的时间与频率传导到传感光纤声发射感知装置中的GJJV型号紧套传感光纤中，GJJV型号紧套传感光纤中的变化光信息会通过接收器334、光探测器333、存储器330，将变化的光信息汇集到结构体监测与评估信息系统329中，评估结构体损伤的程度及位置，实现动态监测与分析。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种监测结构体安全的传感光纤声发射集成感知系统，其特征在于：包括传感光纤去温度干扰装置和传感光纤声发射解调装置，传感光纤从传感光纤声发射解调装置出发，经过传感光纤去温度干扰装置，最后再返回传感光纤声发射解调装置，传感光纤去温度干扰装置中的传感光纤的首尾需要跟传感光纤声发射解调装置连接；
    所述传感光纤去温度干扰装置包括真空腔模块、复合材料平槽模块和端口固纤模块，真空腔模块与复合材料平槽模块连接，端口固纤模块与真空腔模块通过四角塞体相连接，传感光纤依次穿过复合材料平槽模块、真空腔模块和端口固纤模块，所述真空腔模块、复合材料平槽模块和端口固纤模块均固定在安装管内，安装管位于去温底台上；所述复合材料平槽模块包括特种复合材料制成的圆柱体，圆柱体中心设有传感光纤穿过的通孔，在圆柱体顶部设有压盖，压盖中心设有对凹形注胶槽；所述真空腔模块包含真空腔和弹性紧固外环，所述真空腔的一端与盖板连接，盖板通过胶水固定在安装管内，另一端与弹性紧固外环连接，所述弹性紧固外环中心设有圆孔，圆孔内设有硬质护纤外层，弹性紧固外环的底端设有圆锥孔，圆锥孔内安装有四角塞体，四角塞体延伸有圆柱凸台，圆柱凸台位于硬质护纤外层内，圆柱凸台内穿过传感光纤，真空腔与位于安装管外的抽真空装置连接，传感光纤依次穿过盖板、真空腔和四角塞体；所述端口固纤模块包括左弧压体和右弧压体，所述左弧压体和右弧压体的一端分别与弹性紧固外环的底端铰接，左弧压体和右弧压体的另一端分别延伸有凸台，凸台上设有连接装置，所述左弧压体和右弧压体的弧形面相对设置，左弧压体和右弧压体形成弧压空腔，弧压空腔中穿过传感光纤；
    所述传感光纤声发射解调装置包括若干个传感光纤声发射感知装置和声发射源，所述传感光纤声发射布设装置包含内支撑体、网孔模块、载纤模块和转连模块，所述内支撑体、网孔模块和载纤模块组成圆柱状形状，所述内支撑体的截面为四边内凹的四角内凹形，内支撑体四个面为凹面，在内支撑体的四个凹面中均设有若干个网孔的网孔模块，相邻两个网孔模块之间设有载纤模块，载纤模块内包含传感光纤；所述声发射源与传感光纤的一端连接，传感光纤的另一端与接收器连接，接收器依次与光探测器、第二放大器、信号处理器、存储器和混凝土结构体监测与评估信息系统连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的监测结构体安全的传感光纤声发射集成感知系统，其特征在于：所述抽真空装置包含真空泵和气阀，真空腔通过管道与气阀连接，气阀上安装有真空泵，所述管道上安装有真空度传感器。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的监测结构体安全的传感光纤声发射集成感知系统，其特征在于：所述连接装置包含框横连轴，两个凸台上均设有通孔，框横连轴穿过两个通孔后通过松紧控帽锁紧。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的监测结构体安全的传感光纤声发射集成感知系统，其特征在于：还包括激光光源，激光光源依次通过锁模激光器、偏振分束器、非线性放大器、光谱仪、迈克尔逊干涉仪、飞秒脉冲、边缘滤波器、第一放大器和光分器连接，光分器与传感光纤连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的监测结构体安全的传感光纤声发射集成感知系统，其特征在于：所述网孔模块包含载体，载体上设有沿传感光纤轴线方向上的网孔，每一个载体上设有三角共腔网孔、圆共腔网孔、四边共腔网孔、五角共腔网孔中的一种，每个载体上的网孔形状均不同，三角共腔网孔、圆共腔网孔、四边共腔网孔和五角共腔网孔按照逆时针顺序设置。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的监测结构体安全的传感光纤声发射集成感知系统，其特征在于：所述载纤模块包含阻隔块、封闭塞、双光纤通道和半圆承纤台，所述半圆承纤台与载体连接，半圆承纤台内设有双光纤通道，双光纤通道内设有两条传感光纤，在半圆承纤台顶部的两边分别铰接有封闭塞，两个封闭塞通过阻隔块锁紧。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的感知结构性能劣化分布式传感光纤声发射调控装置，其特征在于：所述半圆承纤台内设有分隔两条传感光纤的隔纤壁，所述隔纤壁为真空绝热板。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的感知结构性能劣化分布式传感光纤声发射调控装置，其特征在于：还包含转连模块，所述转连模块包含第一底座和第二底座，第一底座通过第一套环与折轴外延柱连接，第二底座通过第二套环与折轴外延柱连接，第一套环和第二套环上均设有锁紧装置，第一底座的上端布设有第一载纤弯孔，第二底座的上端布设有第二载纤弯孔，折轴外延柱设有内通孔，在内通孔内设有弯转折轴，弯转折轴的上端面设有固定栓塞。
  9. 一种如权利要求1至8任一项所述的感知结构性能劣化分布式传感光纤声发射调控装置的运行方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    第一步、通过框横连轴将两个凸台串联到框横连轴上，转动框横连轴上的松紧控帽，控制松紧控帽向内转动，使得凸台对向运动，进而通过凸台将传感光纤固定到弧压空腔中，以形成振弦的形式；
    第二步、由内到外配置硬质护纤外层、弹性紧固外环，将盖板通过胶水固定在安装管内形成密闭的空腔，通过注胶也将盖板上的传感光纤进行固定，此时该真空腔段处于外界无温度干扰的状态，其获取的应力应变数值为去温度影响之后的数值，将其记录为其第一次无温度干扰传感光纤监测应变数值，此时该真空腔段处于外界无温度干扰的状态，其获取的应力应变数值为去温度影响之后的数值；将真空腔段与圆柱体的传感光纤 所监测到外界荷载所产生的应力应变数值的平均值作为最终监测结果；
    第三步、卸掉阻隔块，绕着弯转折轴打开两侧的封闭塞，沿着隔纤壁将双光纤通道布设到半圆承纤台的底端，将八根传感光纤按照两个一组的形式布设到四个双光纤通道中，绕着弯转折轴将两侧的封闭塞关闭，按压封闭塞对接处，将阻隔块穿过隔纤壁的上端，将两侧的封闭塞闭合处进行固定，按照同样方式将其他处隔纤壁上的阻隔块进行固定，最终完成网孔模块和四向分布的载纤模块的布设；
    第四步、按照工程的需要转动弯转折轴，进而带动第一底座和第二底座的旋转，从而使得第一载纤弯孔和第二载纤弯孔之间形成一定的夹角，后将固定栓塞套入弯转折轴中，并将弯转折轴固定，进而固定第一载纤弯孔和第二载纤弯孔之间的角度；
    第五步、当结构体在外界荷载作用下产生声发射源时，声发射源中的声发射波将影响到传感光纤声发射感知装置中传感光纤的飞秒脉冲光信息，这些信息会被从物理尺寸上被二次放大与延迟，被二次放大与延迟的声发射信息会传递给传感光纤，通过接收器、光探测器对变化的飞秒脉冲光信息进行接收并探测，后经过信号处理器和存储器将变化的飞秒脉冲光信息进行去噪处理和数据存储，进而汇聚到结构体监测与评估信息系统中，绘制结构体监测与评估信息系统中的飞秒脉冲光信息的变化时程曲线，反映声发射源所产生的声发射波的变化，进而实现对结构体动态的监测。
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