WO2017219374A1 - 一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构及其加工方法 - Google Patents

一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构及其加工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017219374A1
WO2017219374A1 PCT/CN2016/087169 CN2016087169W WO2017219374A1 WO 2017219374 A1 WO2017219374 A1 WO 2017219374A1 CN 2016087169 W CN2016087169 W CN 2016087169W WO 2017219374 A1 WO2017219374 A1 WO 2017219374A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steel composite
mounting hole
plate
pipe
hole
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/087169
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙万仓
叶建林
张�成
贺旭明
袁敏哲
董斌
夏凯非
雷忠荣
郗大来
苏彬
童路
赵斌
王鹏
Original Assignee
西安优耐特容器制造有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 西安优耐特容器制造有限公司 filed Critical 西安优耐特容器制造有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2016/087169 priority Critical patent/WO2017219374A1/zh
Priority to CN201680003153.9A priority patent/CN107076355B/zh
Priority to US15/580,176 priority patent/US10563809B2/en
Publication of WO2017219374A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017219374A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16S—CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS IN GENERAL; STRUCTURES BUILT-UP FROM SUCH ELEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • F16S1/00—Sheets, panels, or other members of similar proportions; Constructions comprising assemblies of such members
    • F16S1/14—Assemblies of such members with members of forms covered by group F16S3/00 or F16S5/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
    • F16L58/02—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation by means of internal or external coatings
    • F16L58/04—Coatings characterised by the materials used
    • F16L58/08—Coatings characterised by the materials used by metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/02—Rigid pipes of metal
    • F16L9/04—Reinforced pipes

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of chemical equipment processing, and in particular relates to a laminated structure based on a raft and a steel composite board and a processing method thereof.
  • Chemical equipment refers to machinery whose main active components are stationary or have little movement, such as various containers (such as tanks, tanks, kettles, etc.), ordinary kiln, towers, reactors, heat exchangers, ordinary dryers, evaporators. , reaction furnace, electrolyzer, crystallization equipment, mass transfer equipment, adsorption equipment, fluidization equipment, common separation equipment, and ion exchange equipment.
  • containers such as tanks, tanks, kettles, etc.
  • heat exchangers ordinary dryers
  • evaporators evaporators.
  • reaction furnace electrolyzer
  • crystallization equipment mass transfer equipment
  • adsorption equipment adsorption equipment
  • fluidization equipment common separation equipment
  • ion exchange equipment common separation equipment
  • coffins have more and more market demand.
  • Metal ruthenium and its alloys have high density, high melting point and excellent corrosion resistance. They also have good high temperature strength and good processability, and are widely used in electronics, chemical, aerospace, weapons and other fields.
  • niobium is an ideal anti-corrosion material, especially in some severely corrosive conditions (such as high temperature dilute sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, etc.).
  • the coffin has good corrosion resistance and stability that cannot be replaced by other metals. Sex.
  • the density is high and the price is high.
  • the price of antimony is about 40 times that of titanium and 7 times to 8 times that of zirconium. So few people use pure tantalum to make chemical equipment.
  • the coffin is a refractory material with a melting point of 2996 ° C. It is quite different from ordinary metal materials and difficult to weld with other metals.
  • the first one is a bismuth and steel composite plate structure
  • the second method is a tight lining structure of bismuth and steel plate.
  • the first method is to laminate the raft by means of explosion or rolling, through a transition material (generally titanium, copper or nickel plate) and the steel plate, the structure is relatively tight due to the combination of metals, The formation of higher strength, and therefore is the most reliable structure at present, especially suitable for vacuum applications; but the composite cost is higher, and the later welded structure needs to be compounded with thicker rafts, resulting in the highest cost of the method.
  • a transition material generally titanium, copper or nickel plate
  • the second method is to cover the raft on the steel plate and fix it by brazing or edging the surrounding silver.
  • On the steel layer when there is a through hole, a section of the liner is added, the liner is expanded and fixed with the steel layer, and the end is welded with the layer; when the layer is subjected to external pressure, the steel layer is generally used in the area without the through hole.
  • the method of pre-setting the ⁇ screw after the ⁇ layer and the steel layer are covered, the ⁇ layer and the steel layer are fixed by plug welding on the ⁇ screw, and can bear a certain external pressure in a certain area, and the thickness of the raft is generally It takes no more than 1mm and does not require explosion or rolling overlay, and the cost is greatly reduced.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a composite structure based on a raft and a steel composite panel, which has a simple structure, a reasonable design, a low manufacturing cost, a good use effect, and can effectively be used for the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. It solves the problem that the lining of the lining and the lining of the steel plate is easy to be damaged, and the overall structure is stable and reliable.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a laminated structure based on a slab and a steel composite plate, which is characterized in that it comprises a steel composite plate and a raft plate covering the steel composite plate.
  • the steel plate is laminated with a cover layer composed of a steel layer and a cover layer laid on the steel layer, the raft plate is laid on the cover layer, and the peripheral side of the raft is welded and fixed to the cover layer.
  • the cover layer is a titanium layer, a copper layer, a nickel layer or a zirconium layer;
  • the plate-clad substrate is provided with a medium flow pipe and/or a reinforcing connecting member, the reinforcing connecting member is a tamping head, and the plate covering substrate is provided with a flow pipe mounting hole for mounting the medium circulating pipe And/or a plug mounting hole for the plug installation;
  • the medium circulation pipe includes a lining pipe installed in the flow pipe mounting hole, and the lining pipe and the steel composite plate are fixed by expansion and/or welding, and the lining pipe and the raft are fixed. Plate welding fixed;
  • the plug mounting hole is a through hole or a blind hole drilled into the steel layer from top to bottom; the tamping head is welded and fixed to the raft and the cover layer.
  • the above-mentioned laminated structure based on the raft and the steel composite board is characterized in that: the steel layer has a thickness of 10 mm to 300 mm, the cover layer has a thickness of 2 mm to 12 mm, and the slab has a thickness of 0.3 mm. ⁇ 2mm.
  • the medium circulation pipe further comprises a stern tube coaxially arranged in the lining pipe;
  • the medium circulation pipe and the steel composite plate are fixed by expansion joint, and the medium circulation pipe and the cover layer are welded and closed.
  • the above-mentioned laminated structure based on a raft and a steel composite board, characterized in that: the flow tube
  • the first lower mounting hole is formed by the first lower mounting hole formed on the steel composite board and the first upper mounting hole, wherein the first lower mounting hole is a cylindrical hole with an annular groove on the hole wall, the first An upper mounting port is a bell mouth whose caliber gradually increases from top to bottom; the upper end of the weir liner is flush with the upper end of the first upper mounting port; the bottom end of the weir liner extends to the steel composite a pipe section below the bottom of the steel composite plate is a flared section, and the diameter of the flared section gradually increases from top to bottom;
  • the plug mounting hole is composed of a second lower mounting hole formed on the steel composite board and a second upper mounting opening formed on the raft plate, and the second lower mounting hole is a cylindrical hole, and the second upper mounting
  • the mouth is a bell mouth whose caliber gradually increases from top to bottom.
  • the above-mentioned laminated structure based on the raft and the steel composite board is characterized in that: the height of the first upper mounting opening is 2 mm to 6 mm; the upper end of the tamping head is level with the upper end of the second upper mounting opening And the upper end of the tamping head is welded and fixed to the upper end of the second upper mounting opening; the bottom end height of the tamping head is higher than the bottom surface height of the steel composite board; the height of the second upper mounting opening is 2 mm ⁇ 6mm.
  • the above-mentioned laminated structure based on a slab and a steel composite board characterized in that the number of the medium circulation pipes is at least one, and the number of the reinforcing connecting members is at least one;
  • the flow tube laying area and/or the reinforcing connecting area are disposed in the flow tube laying area, and the reinforcing connecting piece is disposed in the reinforcing connecting area.
  • the above-mentioned composite structure based on a raft and a steel composite panel is characterized in that the tamping plug is a cap-like plug or a solid plug.
  • the cover layer is provided with a groove for inserting a raft, the groove has a depth smaller than a thickness of the raft; the groove The depth is 0.2mm to 0.5mm.
  • the above-mentioned laminated structure based on a slab and a steel composite board characterized in that it further comprises a leak detection pipe disposed on the steel composite board, and the steel composite board is provided with a leak detection for installation of the leak detection tube a tube mounting hole; the leak detection tube is disposed on one side of the steel composite board and gradually slopes downward from the inside to the outside, the upper end of the leak detection tube is flush with the upper surface of the cover layer and the lower end thereof is extended Out to the outside of the steel composite panel.
  • the above-mentioned laminated structure based on the raft and the steel composite board is characterized in that: the upper end of the leak detection tube is welded and fixed to the cover layer, and the lower end of the leak detection tube protrudes to the outside of the steel composite board.
  • the extension section is provided with a fixing block, and the fixing block is welded and fixed to the steel composite board and the leak detection tube.
  • the above-mentioned composite structure based on a raft and a steel composite board, characterized in that: the outer end of the leak detection tube mounting hole is located on the outer side wall of the steel layer of the steel composite board; a composite panel which is composited with an outer panel disposed outside the steel sheet, and the outer panel and the leak detection tube are made of the same material as the cover layer;
  • the steel plate of the fixing block is welded and fixed to the steel layer of the steel composite plate, and the outer side plate of the fixing block is welded and fixed to the leak detecting pipe.
  • the invention also discloses a method for processing a laminated structure based on a raft and a steel composite panel, which has the advantages of simple method, reasonable design, convenient implementation, easy control of the processing process, good use effect and economy and utility, and is characterized in that The method includes the following steps:
  • Step one fixing the slab: fixing the pre-processed raft on the steel composite plate to obtain the plate-covered substrate;
  • Step 2 processing the mounting hole: processing the flow tube mounting hole and/or the plug mounting hole on the board covering substrate in the first step;
  • Step 3 Component installation: installing the pre-formed medium circulation pipe and/or the concrete plug, and completing the processing process based on the cladding structure of the raft and the steel composite plate;
  • the medium circulation pipe When the medium circulation pipe is installed, the medium circulation pipe is fixedly installed in the flow pipe installation hole in the second step; when the concrete plug is installed, the concrete plug is fixedly installed in the second step. Plug the mounting hole.
  • the above method is characterized in that: when the raft is fixed in the first step, the raft is temporarily fixed on the steel composite plate by spot welding;
  • the medium circulation pipe and the steel composite plate are fixed by an expansion joint, and the medium circulation pipe and the cover layer are welded and closed; the flow pipe installation hole is opened by the steel composite plate.
  • the plug mounting hole is composed of a second lower mounting hole formed on the steel composite board and a second upper mounting opening formed on the raft plate, and the second lower mounting hole is a cylindrical hole, and the second upper mounting
  • the mouth is a bell mouth whose caliber gradually increases from top to bottom; the upper end of the plug is flush with the upper end of the second upper mounting port, and the upper end of the plug is welded and fixed to the upper end of the second upper mounting port;
  • step 2 When the mounting hole is processed in step 2, the process is as follows:
  • Step 201 Initial processing of the mounting hole: preliminary processing of the flow tube mounting hole and/or the plug mounting hole;
  • the drilling pipe mounting hole is firstly processed on the plate covering base body in the first step by using a drilling tool to obtain preliminary processing.
  • the formed flow tube is mounted with a base hole, and the diameter of the flow tube mounting base hole is smaller than the diameter of the medium flow tube by 6 mm to 14 mm;
  • the plug mounting hole is firstly processed on the plate covering substrate in the step 1 by using a drill to obtain a preliminary processing block.
  • the head is mounted with a base hole, and the aperture of the plug mounting base hole is smaller than the diameter of the tamping plug by 6 mm to 14 mm;
  • Step 202 separating the raft plate from the steel composite plate: after the preliminary processing of all the flow pipe mounting holes and all the plug mounting base holes on the plate-covered substrate is completed, the slab of the plate-covered substrate is Separating the steel composite board;
  • Step 203 the hole is formed in the hole: the flow pipe mounting hole and/or the plug is installed Holes are processed into holes;
  • the first lower mounting hole and the first upper mounting opening are separately formed into holes; wherein, when the first lower mounting hole is formed into a hole, the steel composite is The flow tube mounting base hole opened on the plate is processed into a first lower mounting hole; when the first upper mounting opening is bored, the flow tube mounting base hole opened on the raft plate is turned up to obtain First upper mounting port;
  • the plug mounting hole When the plug mounting hole is bored, the second lower mounting hole and the second upper mounting opening are separately formed into holes; wherein, when the second lower mounting hole is hole-forming, the steel composite is The plug mounting base hole opened on the board is processed into a second lower mounting hole; when the second upper mounting port is formed into a hole, the plug mounting base hole opened on the rafter plate is turned up, obtaining The second upper mounting port.
  • Step 301 preliminary installation: installing the medium circulation pipe and/or the plugging head on the steel composite plate;
  • Step 302 Alignment of the slabs: after all the medium flow pipes and all the tamping plugs are installed on the steel composite plate, the rafts are placed flat on the steel composite plate, and the lining pipes and The plug is respectively inserted into the first upper mounting port and the second upper mounting port;
  • Step 303 welding and fixing: welding the lining pipe and/or the tamping head to the raft plate;
  • Step 304 Fixing the rafter: welding and fixing the peripheral side of the raft to the cover layer.
  • the method of the present invention is characterized in that: in the step 301, the bottom end of the lining tube protrudes to a section below the steel composite plate as a flared section, and the diameter of the flared section gradually increases from top to bottom;
  • the bottom end of the lining pipe is further subjected to flaring treatment, and the flared section is obtained.
  • the above method is characterized in that: in the first step, the steel composite board is provided with a leak detection tube, and the steel composite board is provided with a leak detection tube mounting hole for detecting the leak tube; the leak detection tube is disposed at the One side of the steel composite plate and gradually inclined downward from the inside to the outside, the upper end of the leak detection tube is flush with the upper surface of the cover layer and the lower end thereof protrudes to the outside of the steel composite plate;
  • the leak detection tube mounting hole is also processed on the steel composite board
  • the leak detection tube is also required to be mounted on the steel composite panel.
  • the above method is characterized in that: the upper end of the leak detection tube is welded and fixed to the cover layer, and the lower end of the leak detection tube protrudes to the outer side of the steel composite board as an overhanging section, and the overhanging section is fixed on the overhanging section.
  • Block, the fixing block is welded and fixed to the steel composite board and the leak detection tube;
  • the leak detection tube When the leak detection tube is installed on the steel composite board in step 301, the upper end of the leak detection tube and the cover are covered.
  • the layer is welded and fixed, and a fixing block is set on the overhanging section of the leak detecting tube, and the fixing block is welded and fixed to the steel composite board and the leak detecting tube.
  • the laminated structure of the plate has a simple structure, a reasonable design and a low manufacturing cost.
  • the processing method is flexible, and the medium circulation pipe and/or the reinforcing connecting piece can be arranged on the plate laminating base according to actual needs.
  • the structure of the medium circulation pipe is reasonable, the processing and installation are simple and convenient, the installation quality is easy to guarantee, and the problem of the expansion and failure of the liner existing in the tight pad structure of the steel plate can be effectively solved.
  • the structure is simple, the design is reasonable, the processing and installation are convenient, the use effect is good, the rigidity and the joint strength of the laminated substrate can be effectively improved, and the expansion failure of the liner can be effectively solved.
  • the tamping can be installed only in the area to be reinforced.
  • the lining pipe used in the laminated structure of the plate is simple and reliable in connection with the plate-clad substrate, and under the cooperation of the tamping head, the high-pressure resistance of the non-through-hole area can be effectively enhanced, and the structure is more stable.
  • the processing method adopted is simple in steps, reasonable in design, convenient in implementation, easy to control in the processing process, good in use effect, economical and practical, not only greatly reduces the manufacturing cost, but also improves the reliability of the product, and has a high promotion and use. value.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a laminated structure of a sheet material according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a medium circulation pipe, a tamping head and a leak detection pipe in a plate lamination structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the state of connection between the peripheral side of the seesaw and the steel composite panel of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the connection state of the medium circulation pipe and the sheet cladding structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the connection state of the tamping head and the sheet covering structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the connection state of the leak detecting tube and the sheet covering structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a flow chart showing the processing method of the sheet metal lamination structure according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a structural schematic view showing a laminated structure of a sheet material according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a structural schematic view showing a laminated structure of a sheet material according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a structural schematic view showing a laminated structure of a sheet material according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of a laminated structure of a sheet material according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 a composite structure based on a raft and a steel composite panel as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, comprising a sheet-clad substrate composed of a steel composite panel and a slab 1 covering the steel composite panel;
  • the steel composite panel is composed of a steel layer 2 and a cover layer 3 laid on the steel layer 2, the raft 1 is laid on the cover layer 3, and the circumferential side of the raft is welded and fixed to the cover layer 3,
  • the cover layer 3 is a titanium layer, a copper layer, a nickel layer or a zirconium layer;
  • the plate-clad substrate is provided with a medium flow pipe and a reinforcing connecting member, wherein the reinforcing connecting member is a tamping head 5, and the plate-clad substrate is provided with a flow pipe mounting hole for installing the medium flow pipe and a plug mounting hole for the plug 5;
  • the medium circulation pipe includes a lining pipe 4 installed in the flow pipe mounting hole, and the lining pipe 4 and the steel composite plate are fixed by expansion and/or welding, and the lining pipe is fixed. 4 welded and fixed to the seesaw 1;
  • the plug mounting hole is a through hole or a blind hole drilled into the steel layer 2 from top to bottom; the tamping head 5 is welded and fixed to the raft 1 and the cover layer 3.
  • the plug mounting hole is the blind hole, and the bottom of the blind hole is conical.
  • the cover layer 3 is a titanium layer.
  • the number of the medium flow tubes is at least one, and the number of the reinforcing connectors is at least one.
  • the number of the medium flow tubes is plural.
  • the medium flow tube further includes a manifold 13 coaxially disposed in the liner 4 .
  • the steel layer 2 has a thickness of 10 mm to 300 mm
  • the cover layer 3 has a thickness of 2 mm to 12 mm.
  • the thicknesses of the steel layer 2 and the cover layer 3 can be adjusted accordingly according to specific needs.
  • the medium circulation pipe and the steel composite plate are fixed by expansion joint, and the medium circulation pipe and the cover layer 3 are welded and closed.
  • the bottom end of the lining pipe 4 protrudes below the steel composite plate, and the lining pipe 4 and the steel composite plate are fixed by expansion joints and the pipe wall of the lining pipe 4 It is welded and fixed to the cover layer 3.
  • the flow tube mounting hole is composed of a first lower mounting hole 6-1 opened on the steel composite plate and a first upper mounting opening 6-2 opened on the raft plate 1, the first Lower mounting hole 6-1 It is a cylindrical hole with an annular groove on the wall of the hole, and the first upper mounting opening 6-2 is a bell mouth whose caliber gradually increases from top to bottom.
  • the number of the annular grooves is plural.
  • a plurality of the annular grooves are arranged from top to bottom along the length direction of the first lower mounting hole 6-1.
  • the number of the annular grooves is two or three.
  • the number of the annular grooves can be adjusted accordingly according to specific needs.
  • the upper port diameter of the first upper mounting hole 6-2 is the same as the diameter of the first lower mounting hole 6-1.
  • the upper end of the weir liner 4 is flush with the upper end of the first upper mounting opening 6-2.
  • the upper end of the lining pipe 4 is welded and fixed to the upper end of the first upper mounting opening 6-2.
  • the pipe end protruding from the bottom end of the lining pipe 4 to the lower side of the steel composite plate is a flared section, and the diameter of the flared section gradually increases from top to bottom.
  • the height of the first upper mounting opening 6-2 is 2 mm to 6 mm.
  • the height of the first upper mounting port 6-2 can be adjusted accordingly according to specific needs.
  • the plug mounting hole is composed of a second lower mounting hole 7-1 opened on the steel composite plate and a second upper mounting opening 7-2 opened on the raft plate 1, the second The lower mounting hole 7-1 is a cylindrical hole, and the second upper mounting opening 7-2 is a bell mouth whose diameter gradually increases from top to bottom.
  • the upper port diameter of the second upper mounting hole 7-2 is the same as the diameter of the second lower mounting hole 7-1.
  • the upper end of the weir plug 5 is flush with the upper end of the second upper mounting port 7-2, and the upper end of the weir plug 5 is welded and fixed to the upper end of the second upper mounting port 7-2.
  • the bottom end height of the tamping head 5 is higher than the bottom surface height of the steel composite board.
  • the height of the second upper mounting port 7-2 is 2 mm to 6 mm.
  • the height of the second upper mounting port 7-2 can be adjusted accordingly according to specific needs.
  • the tamping head 5 is a cap-like plug or a solid plug.
  • the tamping head 5 is in the shape of a cap.
  • the tamping head 5 is a cap-like plug.
  • the tamper plug 5 can also be a solid plug, specifically a round bar plug.
  • the solid plug and the steel layer 2 can be connected in a threaded manner.
  • the lower portion of the tamping head 5 is hemispherical and its upper portion is cylindrical.
  • the lower portion of the tamping head 5 may also be a flat surface.
  • the upper port diameter of the second upper mounting port 7-2 and the second lower mounting hole 7-1 have the same outer diameter as the upper outer diameter of the plug 5 .
  • the cover layer 3 is provided with a recess into which the rafter 1 is embedded, the depth of the recess being smaller than the thickness of the rafter 1.
  • the depth of the groove is 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm.
  • the depth of the groove can be adjusted accordingly according to specific needs.
  • the thickness of the fascia 1 is 0.3 mm to 2 mm.
  • the thickness of the raft 1 can be adjusted according to specific needs.
  • the steel composite panel and the raft 1 are both circular, the diameter of the steel composite panel is larger than the diameter of the raft, and the raft 1 is located directly above the steel composite panel.
  • the diameter of the seesaw 1 is larger than the outer diameter of the seal ring 8; the groove is a circular groove and its diameter is larger than the diameter of the seesaw 1 by 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm.
  • the steel composite panel can also be machined into other shapes, such as elliptical or regular polygons; the jaws 1 can also be machined into other shapes, such as elliptical or regular polygons.
  • the outer edge of the seesaw 1 is provided with a sealing ring 8 , and the medium circulation pipe and the reinforcing connecting member are both located inside the sealing ring 8 .
  • the jaw 1 is placed in the recess, and the periphery of the jaw 1 is welded and fixed to the cover 3.
  • the plate covering substrate is provided with a flow tube laying area 10 and a reinforcing connecting area
  • the medium circulating tube is disposed in the flow tube laying area 10
  • the reinforcing connecting member is disposed in the reinforcing connecting area Inside.
  • the area of the sheet-flanging substrate on the inside of the sealing ring 8 is an inner ring region, and the flow tube laying portion 10 and the reinforcing connecting portion are both located in the inner region of the ring.
  • the number of the flow tube laying area 10 and the reinforcing connecting area are both one, and the flow tube laying area 10 and the reinforcing connecting area are respectively disposed on both sides of the sheet covering base.
  • the number of the flow tube laying area 10 and the reinforcing connecting area, and the arrangement positions of the flow tube laying areas 10 and the reinforcing connecting areas can be adjusted accordingly.
  • a plurality of bolt mounting holes 11 are formed in the outer edge of the steel layer 2.
  • a plurality of the bolt mounting holes 11 are opened in the circumferential direction on the outer edge of the steel layer 2.
  • the outer edge of the steel layer 2 may not be provided with the bolt mounting hole 11.
  • the laminated structure based on the raft and the steel composite board according to the present invention is fixed by other connection methods, such as snapping.
  • a plurality of the bolt mounting holes 11 are evenly arranged.
  • a plurality of the reinforcing connectors are arranged in a plurality of rows and columns.
  • the number of the reinforcing connecting members and the laying position of each reinforcing connecting member can be adjusted correspondingly according to specific needs.
  • a plurality of the reinforcing connectors are identical in structure and size, and a plurality of the reinforcing connectors are evenly arranged.
  • the laminated structure based on the raft and the steel composite board according to the present invention further includes a leak detection tube 9 disposed on the steel composite board, and the steel composite board is provided with a leak detecting tube 9 for installation.
  • a leak detection tube mounting hole the leak detection tube 9 is disposed on one side of the steel composite panel and is gradually inclined downward from the inside to the outside, and the upper end of the leak detection tube 9 is flush with the upper surface of the cover layer 3. And the lower end thereof protrudes to the outside of the steel composite panel.
  • the upper end of the leak detection tube 9 is welded and fixed to the cover layer 3, and the lower end of the leak detection tube 9 protrudes to the outer side of the steel composite board as an overhanging section, and the overhanging section is provided with
  • the fixing block 12 is welded and fixed to the steel composite board and the leak detecting tube 9.
  • the outer end of the leak detection tube mounting hole is located on the outer side wall of the steel layer 2 of the steel composite panel.
  • the fixing block 12 is a composite plate composed of a steel plate and an outer side plate disposed outside the steel plate, and the outer plate and the leak detecting tube 9 are made of the same material as the cover layer 3;
  • the steel plate of the fixing block 12 is welded and fixed to the steel layer 2 of the steel composite plate, and the outer side plate of the fixing block 12 is welded and fixed to the leak detecting tube 9.
  • the material of the steel sheet is the same as the material of the steel layer 2, and the outer side plate is a titanium plate.
  • the leak detection tube 9 is a titanium tube.
  • the material of the welding wire for welding the slab 1 and the covering layer 3 is the same as the material of the covering layer 3, and the welding wire is a titanium welding wire.
  • a processing method for a laminated structure based on a raft and a steel composite panel as shown in FIG. 7 includes the following steps:
  • Step one fixing the raft plate: fixing the pre-processed raft plate 1 on the steel composite plate to obtain a plate-covered substrate;
  • Step 2 processing the mounting hole: processing the flow tube mounting hole and/or the plug mounting hole on the board covering substrate in the first step;
  • Step 3 Component installation: mounting the pre-formed medium circulation pipe and/or the tamping head 5 to complete the processing process based on the cladding structure of the raft and the steel composite plate;
  • the medium circulation pipe When the medium circulation pipe is installed, the medium circulation pipe is fixedly installed in the flow pipe installation hole in the second step; when the concrete plug 5 is installed, the concrete plug 5 is fixedly installed in the second step. The plug is installed in the hole.
  • the raft 1 when the raft is fixed in the first step, the raft 1 is temporarily fixed on the steel composite plate by spot welding;
  • step 2 When the mounting hole is processed in step 2, the process is as follows:
  • Step 201 Initial processing of the mounting hole: preliminary processing of the flow tube mounting hole and the plug mounting hole;
  • the plug mounting hole is initially processed on the plate covering substrate in the first step by using a drilling tool to obtain a preliminary processing and forming.
  • the plug is mounted with a base hole, and the aperture of the plug mounting base hole is smaller than the diameter of the plug 5 by 6 mm to 14 mm;
  • Step 202 Separating the raft plate from the steel composite plate: after the preliminary processing of all the flow pipe mounting holes and all the plug mounting base holes on the plate-covered substrate is completed, the plate is covered with the raft plate 1 of the substrate Separating from the steel composite board;
  • Step 203 the hole is formed in the hole: the flow tube mounting hole and the plug mounting hole are hole-forming;
  • the first lower mounting hole 6-1 and the first upper mounting opening 6-2 are respectively subjected to hole forming processing; wherein the first lower mounting hole 6-1 is formed
  • the flow pipe mounting base hole opened on the steel composite plate is processed into a first lower mounting hole 6-1;
  • the seesaw plate 1 is The flow tube mounting base hole opened above is turned up to obtain the first upper mounting opening 6-2;
  • the second lower mounting hole 7-1 and the second upper mounting opening 7-2 are respectively formed into holes; wherein the second lower mounting hole 7-1 is formed
  • the plug mounting base hole opened on the steel composite plate is processed into the second lower mounting hole 7-1; when the second upper mounting port 7-2 is hole-forming, the facing plate 1 is The plug mounting base hole opened above is turned up to obtain a second upper mounting port 7-2.
  • the flow tube mounting base hole and the plug mounting base hole are both cylindrical holes.
  • an annular groove is formed in the wall of the first lower mounting hole 6-1.
  • the raft plate 1 when the raft plate 1 is temporarily fixed on the steel composite plate by spot welding, the raft plate 1 is first placed in the groove of the steel composite plate, and then the slab 1 is placed around the slab 1 Solder 4 to 8 points for fixing.
  • the processing burr needs to be removed; and the base hole is installed on the plug 1 opened on the raft 1 Perform the upward flange and remove the machining burrs.
  • step three when component installation is performed in step three, the process is as follows:
  • Step 301 preliminary installation: installing the medium circulation pipe and/or the plug 5 on the steel composite plate;
  • the lining pipe 4 When the medium flow pipe is installed, the lining pipe 4 is first installed in the first lower mounting hole 6-1 by expansion joint, and then the pipe wall of the lining pipe 4 is welded and fixed to the cover layer 3;
  • the tamper head 5 When the tamping head 5 is installed, the tamper head 5 is inserted into the second lower mounting hole 7-1, and the tamping head 5 and the covering layer 3 are welded and fixed;
  • Step 302 Alignment of the rafts: all medium flow pipes and all tamping heads 5 are installed. After the steel composite board, the raft 1 is placed on the steel composite board, and the lining pipe 4 and the tamping head 5 are respectively installed in the first upper mounting opening 6-2 and the second. Mounting port 7-2;
  • Step 303 welding and fixing: welding the lining pipe 4 and/or the tamping head 5 to the raft plate 1;
  • Step 304 Fixing the slab: soldering and fixing the one side of the slab to the cover layer 3.
  • the bottom end of the lining pipe 4 protrudes below the steel composite plate as a flared section, and the diameter of the flared section gradually increases from top to bottom;
  • the bottom end of the lining pipe 4 is also subjected to flaring treatment, and the flared section is obtained.
  • step 301 when the preliminary installation is performed in step 301, all the medium flow pipes (specifically, the lining pipe 4) are respectively installed in the first lower mounting hole 6-1, and then the cover layer 3 and the lining pipe are respectively 4 and the plug 5 is welded and fixed.
  • the medium flow pipes specifically, the lining pipe 4
  • the lining pipe 4, the tamping head 5, the steel composite plate and the raft plate 1 are separately cleaned.
  • the conventional pickling method is used to remove surface stains.
  • the steel composite board in the first step is provided with a leak detection tube 9 having a leak detection tube mounting hole for mounting the leak detection tube 9;
  • the leak detection tube 9 is disposed at One side of the steel composite panel and gradually inclined downward from the inside to the outside, the upper end of the leak detection tube 9 is flush with the upper surface of the cover layer 3 and the lower end thereof protrudes to the outside of the steel composite panel;
  • the leak detection tube mounting hole is also processed on the steel composite board
  • the leak detection tube 9 is also required to be mounted on the steel composite panel.
  • the upper end of the leak detection tube 9 is welded and fixed to the cover layer 3, and the lower end of the leak detection tube 9 protrudes to the outer side of the steel composite board as an overhanging section, and the overhanging section is provided with a fixing block 12, the fixing block 12 is welded and fixed to the steel composite board and the leak detecting tube 9;
  • the leak detection tube 9 When the leak detection tube 9 is mounted on the steel composite board in step 301, the upper end of the leak detection tube 9 is welded and fixed to the cover layer 3, and the fixed block 12 is set on the overhanging section of the leak detection tube 9, and The fixing block 12 is welded and fixed to the steel composite plate and the leak detecting pipe 9.
  • the leak detection tube 9 before the leak detection tube 9 is installed, the leak detection tube 9 needs to be cleaned. And, specifically, the conventional pickling method is used to remove surface stains.
  • the cover structure of the raft and the steel composite slab is different from that of the first embodiment in that: the number of the reinforced connection areas is three, and the three reinforced connection areas are disposed at the same. On the same side of the sheet-fitting base, three of the reinforcing joint regions are respectively arranged on three vertices of an equilateral triangle.
  • the number of the flow tube laying area 10 and the reinforcing connecting area, and the arrangement positions of the flow tube laying areas 10 and the reinforcing connecting areas can be adjusted accordingly.
  • This embodiment is the same as the first embodiment based on the method of processing the laminated structure of the raft and the steel composite panel.
  • the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that the laminated structure of the raft and the steel composite board is that only the reinforcing connecting member is disposed on the board covering base, and the board is covered with the base. There is no medium flow pipe disposed thereon, and only the reinforcing connection zone is provided on the plate-clad substrate.
  • the rest of the structure and the connection relationship based on the laminated structure of the raft and the steel composite slab are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • the method for processing the laminated structure based on the seesaw and the steel composite plate in this embodiment is different from that in the first embodiment: when the mounting hole is processed in the second step, only the drilling tool is required to be applied to the plate covering substrate in the first step.
  • the plug mounting hole is processed; when the component is installed in the third step, only the pre-formed tamping head 5 needs to be installed.
  • the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the laminated structure of the raft and the steel composite slab is such that only the medium flow pipe is provided on the plate-clad substrate. Moreover, the reinforcing connector is not disposed on the plate-clad substrate, and only the flow-tube-arranging region 10 is disposed on the plate-clad substrate.
  • the rest of the structure and the connection relationship based on the laminated structure of the raft and the steel composite slab are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • the method for processing the laminated structure based on the seesaw and the steel composite plate in this embodiment is different from that in the first embodiment: when the mounting hole is processed in the second step, only the drilling tool is required to be applied to the plate covering substrate in the first step.
  • the flow tube mounting hole is processed; when the component is installed in the third step, only the previously processed medium flow tube needs to be installed.
  • the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that the laminated structure of the raft and the steel composite slab is different: the steel composite slab and the slab 1 are both square, and the side length of the steel composite slab is greater than The side of the raft 1 is located directly above the steel composite panel, and the outer edges of the steel layer 2 are each provided with a plurality of bolt mounting holes disposed on the same straight line. 11.
  • the method for processing the laminated structure based on the seesaw and the steel composite plate in this embodiment is the same as that in the first embodiment.

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Abstract

一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，包括由钢复合板与覆盖在所述钢复合板上的钽板(1)组成的板材覆合基体；所述钢复合板由钢层(2)和平铺在钢层(2)上的覆盖层(3)复合而成，所述钽板(1)布设在覆盖层(3)上，所述钽板(1)周侧与覆盖层(3)焊接固定；所述板材覆合基体上设置有介质流通管和/或加强连接件。所述的覆合结构能有效解决钽与钢板紧密垫衬结构存在的钽垫衬易损坏问题，并且整体结构稳定、可靠。还公开了一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构的加工方法。

Description

一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构及其加工方法 技术领域
本发明属于化工设备加工技术领域，尤其是涉及一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构及其加工方法。
背景技术
化工设备指主要作用部件是静止的或者只有很少运动的机械，如各种容器(如槽、罐、釜等)、普通窑、塔器、反应器、换热器、普通干燥器、蒸发器、反应炉、电解槽、结晶设备、传质设备、吸附设备、流态化设备、普通分离设备以及离子交换设备等。对于储存或输送腐蚀介质的化工设备而言，耐高压性能、耐腐蚀性能和密封性能均至关重要，如耐腐蚀性热交换器管板、容器中的外盖、介质输送管道中的法兰盘等。
近年来随着技术的不断发展，对化工装置的耐蚀要求也不断的提高，钽材作为最理想的耐蚀金属材料有了越来越多的市场需求。金属钽及其合金具有高密度、高熔点和优异的耐蚀性能，同时也具有较好的高温强度、良好的加工性等特点，被广泛应用于电子、化工、航空航天、武器等领域。在化工领域，钽是非常理想的耐蚀材料，尤其在一些强腐蚀恶劣工况下(如高温稀硫酸、盐酸、硝酸等环境下)，钽材拥有其它金属无法替代的良好耐蚀性和稳定性。
但是，钽材的好多特点对其推广应用形成了制约，主要体现在以下三个方面：第一、密度大且价格昂贵，钽的价格大约为钛的40倍且为锆的7倍～8倍，以至于很少有人采用纯钽制作化工设备；第二、钽材属于难熔材料，熔点达2996℃，与一般金属材料差异较大，且与其它金属熔焊困难；第三、能够采用钽材制造的化工设备多为强腐蚀介质环境，一旦发生泄漏，极易造成安全事故。因此，如何提高钽材的推广应用，更多取决于降低成本和提高设备的可靠性。
受钽板的造价和加工水平的限制，使其在化工领域的应用多数采用与钢相结合的方法。目前，应用较多的主要以下两种方法：第一种是钽、钢复合板结构，第二种方法为钽与钢板紧密垫衬结构。
其中，第一种方法就是将钽板通过爆炸或轧制的方法，通过过渡材料(一般为钛、铜或镍板)将其与钢板覆合在一起，该结构因金属间结合较为紧密，能形成较高的强度，因此是目前最可靠的结构，尤其适用于有真空的场合；但其复合费用较高，且后期焊接结构需要复合较厚的钽板，造成该方法成本也最高。
第二种方法是将钽板覆盖在钢板上，通过周边银钎焊或翻边后固定在 钢层上，在有通孔时，加入一段衬管，将衬管与钢层胀接固定，端部与钽层焊接；在钽层承受外压时，一般在无通孔的区域采用钢层上预设置钽螺钉的方式，待钽层与钢层覆盖后，通过在钽螺钉上塞焊将钽层与钢层固定，在一定区域能够承受一定的外压，且该方法钽板的厚度一般取不大于1mm，且不需要爆炸或轧制覆合，成本得到大幅降低。但往往因为衬管胀接质量和压力源的不稳定性，使得衬管胀接失效，进而造成钽板层承受了比设计高出很多的外压力，最终钽板变形失效，腐蚀介质进入钢层，导致整台设备报废。为了防止这种情况，目前采用的是在钢板两侧和与钢板连接的钢筒体、法兰及其密封面上均覆盖钽层的方式，虽然阻止了压力源对与腐蚀介质接触的钽层形成较大的外压，但该方法直接引起成本增加，并且加工难度增大。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术中的不足，提供一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其结构简单、设计合理且制造成本较低、使用效果好，能有效解决钽与钢板紧密垫衬结构存在的钽垫衬易损坏问题，并且整体结构稳定、可靠。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征在于：包括由钢复合板与覆盖在所述钢复合板上的钽板组成的板材覆合基体；所述钢复合板由钢层和平铺在钢层上的覆盖层复合而成，所述钽板布设在覆盖层上，所述钽板周侧与覆盖层焊接固定，所述覆盖层为钛层、铜层、镍层或锆层；
所述板材覆合基体上设置有介质流通管和/或加强连接件，所述加强连接件为钽堵头，所述板材覆合基体上开有供所述介质流通管安装的流通管安装孔和/或供钽堵头安装的堵头安装孔；
所述介质流通管包括安装在所述流通管安装孔内的钽衬管，所述钽衬管与所述钢复合板之间采用胀接和/或焊接方式固定，所述钽衬管与钽板焊接固定；
所述堵头安装孔为通孔或由上至下钻入钢层内的盲孔；所述钽堵头与钽板和覆盖层均焊接固定。
上述一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征是：所述钢层的厚度为10mm～300mm，所述覆盖层的厚度为2mm～12mm，所述钽板的厚度为0.3mm～2mm。
上述一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征是：所述介质流通管还包括同轴套装在钽衬管内的钽管；
所述介质流通管与所述钢复合板之间采用胀接方式固定，所述介质流通管与覆盖层之间采用焊接封闭。
上述一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征是：所述流通管安 装孔由所述钢复合板上开设的第一下安装孔和钽板上开设的第一上安装口组成，所述第一下安装孔为孔壁上带环形槽的圆柱孔，所述第一上安装口为口径由上至下逐渐增大的喇叭口；所述钽衬管的上端与第一上安装口的上端相平齐；所述钽衬管底端伸出至所述钢复合板下方；所述钽衬管底端伸出至所述钢复合板下方的管段为扩口段，所述扩口段的直径由上至下逐渐增大；
所述堵头安装孔由所述钢复合板上开设的第二下安装孔和钽板上开设的第二上安装口组成，所述第二下安装孔为圆柱孔，所述第二上安装口为口径由上至下逐渐增大的喇叭口。
上述一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征是：所述第一上安装口的高度为2mm～6mm；所述钽堵头的上端与第二上安装口的上端相平齐，且钽堵头的上端与第二上安装口的上端焊接固定；所述钽堵头的底端高度高于所述钢复合板的底面高度；所述第二上安装口的高度为2mm～6mm。
上述一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征是：所述介质流通管的数量至少为一个，所述加强连接件的数量至少为一个；所述板材覆合基体上设置有流通管布设区和/或加强连接区，所述介质流通管布设在流通管布设区内，所述加强连接件布设在所述加强连接区内。
上述一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征是：所述钽堵头为管帽状堵头或实心堵头。
上述一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征是：所述覆盖层上设置有供钽板嵌入的凹槽，所述凹槽的深度小于钽板的厚度；所述凹槽的深度为0.2mm～0.5mm。
上述一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征是：还包括布设在所述钢复合板上的检漏管，所述钢复合板上开有供检漏管安装的检漏管安装孔；所述检漏管布设在所述钢复合板的一侧且其由内至外逐渐向下倾斜，所述检漏管的上端与覆盖层的上表面相平齐且其下端伸出至所述钢复合板外侧。
上述一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征是：所述检漏管上端与覆盖层焊接固定，所述检漏管下端伸出至所述钢复合板外侧的管段为外伸段，所述外伸段上套装有固定块，所述固定块与所述钢复合板和检漏管均焊接固定。
上述一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征是：所述检漏管安装孔的外端位于所述钢复合板的钢层的外侧壁上；所述固定块为由钢板和布设在所述钢板外侧的外侧板复合而成的复合板，所述外侧板和检漏管的材质均与覆盖层的材质相同；
所述固定块的所述钢板与所述钢复合板的钢层焊接固定，所述固定块的所述外侧板与检漏管焊接固定。
同时，本发明还公开了一种方法步骤简单、设计合理、实现方便且加工过程易于控制、使用效果好、经济实用的基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构加工方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一、钽板固定：将预先加工好的钽板固定在钢复合板上，得到板材覆合基体；
步骤二、加工安装孔：在步骤一中所述板材覆合基体上加工流通管安装孔和/或堵头安装孔；
步骤三、构件安装：对预先加工成型的介质流通管和/或钽堵头进行安装，完成基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构的加工过程；
对所述介质流通管进行安装时，将所述介质流通管固定安装在步骤二中所述流通管安装孔内；对钽堵头进行安装时，将钽堵头固定安装在步骤二中所述堵头安装孔内。
上述方法，其特征是：步骤一中进行钽板固定时，通过点焊将钽板临时固定在所述钢复合板上；
所述介质流通管与所述钢复合板之间采用胀接方式固定，所述介质流通管与覆盖层之间采用焊接封闭；所述流通管安装孔由所述钢复合板上开设的第一下安装孔和钽板上开设的第一上安装口组成，所述第一下安装孔为孔壁上带环形槽的圆柱孔，所述第一上安装口为口径由上至下逐渐增大的喇叭口；
所述堵头安装孔由所述钢复合板上开设的第二下安装孔和钽板上开设的第二上安装口组成，所述第二下安装孔为圆柱孔，所述第二上安装口为口径由上至下逐渐增大的喇叭口；所述钽堵头的上端与第二上安装口的上端相平齐，且钽堵头的上端与第二上安装口的上端焊接固定；
步骤二中进行安装孔加工时，过程如下：
步骤201、安装孔初步加工：对所述流通管安装孔和/或所述堵头安装孔进行初步加工；
对所述流通管安装孔进行初步加工时，根据所述介质流通管的管径，采用钻具在步骤一中所述板材覆合基体上对所述流通管安装孔进行初步加工，获得初步加工成型的流通管安装基孔，所述流通管安装基孔的孔径比所述介质流通管的管径小6mm～14mm；
对所述堵头安装孔进行初步加工时，根据钽堵头的直径，采用钻具在步骤一中所述板材覆合基体上对所述堵头安装孔进行初步加工，获得初步加工成型的堵头安装基孔，所述堵头安装基孔的孔径比钽堵头的直径小6mm～14mm；
步骤202、钽板与钢复合板分离：待所述板材覆合基体上所有流通管安装孔和所有堵头安装基孔的初步加工过程均完成后，将所述板材覆合基体的钽板与所述钢复合板分离；
步骤203、安装孔成孔加工：对所述流通管安装孔和/或所述堵头安装 孔进行成孔加工；
对所述流通管安装孔进行成孔加工时，对第一下安装孔和第一上安装口分别进行成孔加工；其中，对第一下安装孔进行成孔加工时，将所述钢复合板上开设的所述流通管安装基孔加工成第一下安装孔；对第一上安装口进行成孔加工时，对钽板上开设的所述流通管安装基孔进行向上翻边，获得第一上安装口；
对所述堵头安装孔进行成孔加工时，对第二下安装孔和第二上安装口分别进行成孔加工；其中，对第二下安装孔进行成孔加工时，将所述钢复合板上开设的所述堵头安装基孔加工成第二下安装孔；对第二上安装口进行成孔加工时，对钽板上开设的所述堵头安装基孔进行向上翻边，获得第二上安装口。
上述方法，其特征是：步骤三中进行构件安装时，过程如下：
步骤301、初步安装：将所述介质流通管和/或钽堵头安装于所述钢复合板上；
对所述介质流通管进行安装时，先通过胀接将钽衬管安装在第一下安装孔内，再将钽衬管的管壁与覆盖层焊接固定；
对钽堵头进行安装时，将钽堵头装入第二下安装孔内，再将钽堵头与覆盖层焊接固定；
步骤302、钽板对位安装：待所有介质流通管和所有钽堵头均安装于所述钢复合板上后，再将钽板平放于所述钢复合板上，并使钽衬管和钽堵头分别装入第一上安装口和第二上安装口；
步骤303、焊接固定：将钽衬管和/或钽堵头均与钽板焊接固定；
步骤304、钽板固定：将钽板周侧与覆盖层焊接固定。
上述方法，其特征是：步骤301中所述钽衬管底端伸出至所述钢复合板下方的管段为扩口段，所述扩口段的直径由上至下逐渐增大；
步骤301中通过胀接将钽衬管安装在第一下安装孔后，还需对钽衬管的底端进行扩口处理，并获得所述扩口段。
上述方法，其特征是：步骤一中所述钢复合板上设置有检漏管，所述钢复合板上开有供检漏管安装的检漏管安装孔；所述检漏管布设在所述钢复合板的一侧且其由内至外逐渐向下倾斜，所述检漏管的上端与覆盖层的上表面相平齐且其下端伸出至所述钢复合板外侧；
步骤203中进行流通管安装孔与堵头安装孔成孔加工时，还需在所述钢复合板上对所述检漏管安装孔进行加工；
步骤301中进行初步安装时，还需将检漏管安装在所述钢复合板上。
上述方法，其特征是：所述检漏管上端与覆盖层焊接固定，所述检漏管下端伸出至所述钢复合板外侧的管段为外伸段，所述外伸段上套装有固定块，所述固定块与所述钢复合板和检漏管均焊接固定；
步骤301中将检漏管安装在所述钢复合板上时，将检漏管上端与覆盖 层焊接固定，并在检漏管的所述外伸段上套装固定块，且将固定块与所述钢复合板和检漏管均焊接固定。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点：
1、该板材覆合结构的结构简单、设计合理且制造成本较低。
2、加工方式灵活，可根据实际需要，在板材覆合基体上设置介质流通管和/或加强连接件。
3、介质流通管结构设计合理且加工制作及安装布设简便，安装质量易于保证，并且能有效解决钽与钢板紧密垫衬结构存在的衬管胀接易失效问题。
4、以钽堵头作为加强连接件，结构简单、设计合理且加工制作及安装布设方便，使用效果好，能有效提高板材覆合基体的刚度和连接强度，能有效地解决衬管胀接失效后对钽垫衬的破坏问题，并且加强连接件的数量和布设位置调整简便，使用灵活，只需在待加强区安装钽堵头即可。
5、该板材覆合结构中所采用的钽衬管与板材覆合基体连接简便、可靠，并且在钽堵头的配合作用下，能有效增强无通孔区的耐高压性能，结构更加稳定。
6、所采用的加工方法步骤简单、设计合理、实现方便且加工过程易于控制、使用效果好，经济实用，不仅较大地降低了制造成本，而且提高了产品的可靠性，有较高的推广使用价值。
下面通过附图和实施例，对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中板材覆合结构的结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例1中板材覆合结构上介质流通管、钽堵头和检漏管的结构示意图。
图3为本发明钽板周侧与钢复合板之间的连接状态示意图。
图4为本发明介质流通管与板材覆合结构的连接状态示意图。
图5为本发明钽堵头与板材覆合结构的连接状态示意图。
图6为本发明检漏管与板材覆合结构的连接状态示意图。
图7为本发明对板材覆合结构进行加工时的加工方法流程框图。
图8为本发明实施例2中板材覆合结构的结构示意图。
图9为本发明实施例3中板材覆合结构的结构示意图。
图10为本发明实施例4中板材覆合结构的结构示意图。
图11为本发明实施例5中板材覆合结构的结构示意图。
附图标记说明:
1—钽板；     2—钢层；     3—覆盖层；
4—钽衬管；   5—钽堵头；   6-1—第一下安装孔；
6-2—第一上安装口；  7-1—第二下安装孔；  7-2—第二上安装口；
8—密封环；          9—检漏管；          10—流通管布设区；
11—螺栓安装孔；     12—固定块；         13—钽管。
具体实施方式
实施例1
如图1、图2所示的一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，包括由钢复合板与覆盖在所述钢复合板上的钽板1组成的板材覆合基体；所述钢复合板由钢层2和平铺在钢层2上的覆盖层3复合而成，所述钽板1布设在覆盖层3上，所述钽板1周侧与覆盖层3焊接固定，所述覆盖层3为钛层、铜层、镍层或锆层；
所述板材覆合基体上设置有介质流通管和加强连接件，所述加强连接件为钽堵头5，所述板材覆合基体上开有供所述介质流通管安装的流通管安装孔和供钽堵头5安装的堵头安装孔；
所述介质流通管包括安装在所述流通管安装孔内的钽衬管4，所述钽衬管4与所述钢复合板之间采用胀接和/或焊接方式固定，所述钽衬管4与钽板1焊接固定；
所述堵头安装孔为通孔或由上至下钻入钢层2内的盲孔；所述钽堵头5与钽板1和覆盖层3均焊接固定。
本实施例中，所述堵头安装孔为所述盲孔，所述盲孔的底部为圆锥形。
本实施例中，所述覆盖层3为钛层。
实际加工时，所述介质流通管的数量至少为一个，所述加强连接件的数量至少为一个。
本实施例中，所述介质流通管的数量为多个。
本实施例中，所述介质流通管还包括同轴套装在钽衬管4内的钽管13。
本实施例中，所述钢层2的厚度为10mm～300mm，所述覆盖层3的厚度为2mm～12mm。
实际加工时，可根据具体需要，对钢层2和覆盖层3的厚度分别进行相应调整。
所述介质流通管与所述钢复合板之间采用胀接方式固定，所述介质流通管与覆盖层3之间采用焊接封闭。
本实施例中，所述钽衬管4底端伸出至所述钢复合板下方，所述钽衬管4与所述钢复合板之间采用胀接方式固定且钽衬管4的管壁与覆盖层3焊接固定。
如图4所示，所述流通管安装孔由所述钢复合板上开设的第一下安装孔6-1和钽板1上开设的第一上安装口6-2组成，所述第一下安装孔6-1 为孔壁上带环形槽的圆柱孔，所述第一上安装口6-2为口径由上至下逐渐增大的喇叭口。
并且，所述环形槽的数量为多个。多个所述环形槽沿第一下安装孔6-1的长度方向由上至下布设。
本实施例中，所述环形槽的数量为两个或三个。
实际加工时，可根据具体需要，对所述环形槽的数量进行相应调整。
本实施例中，所述第一上安装口6-2的上端口径与第一下安装孔6-1的孔径相同。
并且，所述钽衬管4的上端与第一上安装口6-2的上端相平齐。实际所述钽衬管4的上端与第一上安装口6-2的上端焊接固定。
为安装、固定牢靠，所述钽衬管4底端伸出至所述钢复合板下方的管段为扩口段，所述扩口段的直径由上至下逐渐增大。
本实施例中，所述第一上安装口6-2的高度为2mm～6mm。
实际加工时，可根据具体需要，对第一上安装口6-2的高度进行相应调整。
如图5所示，所述堵头安装孔由所述钢复合板上开设的第二下安装孔7-1和钽板1上开设的第二上安装口7-2组成，所述第二下安装孔7-1为圆柱孔，所述第二上安装口7-2为口径由上至下逐渐增大的喇叭口。
本实施例中，所述第二上安装口7-2的上端口径与第二下安装孔7-1的孔径相同。
并且，所述钽堵头5的上端与第二上安装口7-2的上端相平齐，且钽堵头5的上端与第二上安装口7-2的上端焊接固定。
本实施例中，所述钽堵头5的底端高度高于所述钢复合板的底面高度。
本实施例中，所述第二上安装口7-2的高度为2mm～6mm。
实际加工时，可根据具体需要，对第二上安装口7-2的高度进行相应调整。
实际加工过程中，所述钽堵头5为管帽状堵头或实心堵头。
本实施例中，所述钽堵头5为管帽状。因而，所述钽堵头5为管帽状堵头。
实际使用时，所述钽堵头5也可以为实心堵头，具体为一个圆棒状堵头。为提高固定牢靠性，所述实心堵头与钢层2之间可以以螺纹方式进行连接。
并且，如图5所示，所述钽堵头5的下部为半球形且其上部为圆筒形。
实际加工时，所述钽堵头5的下部也可以为平面。
本实施例中，所述第二上安装口7-2的上端口径与第二下安装孔7-1的孔径均与钽堵头5的上部外径相同。
如图2所示，所述覆盖层3上设置有供钽板1嵌入的凹槽，所述凹槽的深度小于钽板1的厚度。
本实施例中，所述凹槽的深度为0.2mm～0.5mm。
实际加工时，可根据具体需要，对所述凹槽的深度进行相应调整。
本实施例中，所述钽板1的厚度为0.3mm～2mm。
实际加工时，可根据具体需要，对钽板1的厚度进行相应调整。
如图1所示，所述钢复合板和钽板1均为圆形，所述钢复合板的直径大于钽板1的直径，所述钽板1位于所述钢复合板的正上方。
优选地，所述钽板1的直径大于密封环8的外径；所述凹槽为圆形槽且其直径比钽板1的直径大0.2mm～0.5mm。
实际加工时，所述钢复合板也可以加工成其它形状，例如椭圆形或正多边形；钽板1也可以加工成其它形状，例如椭圆形或正多边形。
本实施例中，所述钽板1的外边缘设置有密封环8，所述介质流通管和所述加强连接件均位于密封环8内侧。
实际加工时，所述钽板1置于所述凹槽内，并且钽板1的周边焊接固定在覆盖层3上。
实际安装时，当所述堵头安装孔为盲孔时，所述钽堵头5的底端与所述盲孔的底部之间存在间隙。
本实施例中，所述板材覆合基体上设置有流通管布设区10和加强连接区，所述介质流通管布设在流通管布设区10内，所述加强连接件布设在所述加强连接区内。
所述板材覆合基体上位于密封环8内侧的区域为环内区域，所述流通管布设区10和所述加强连接区均位于所述环内区域内。
本实施例中，所述流通管布设区10和所述加强连接区的数量均为一个，并且流通管布设区10和所述加强连接区分别布设在所述板材覆合基体的两侧。
实际使用时，可对流通管布设区10和所述加强连接区的数量以及各流通管布设区10和各加强连接区的布设位置分别进行相应调整。
为连接简便且牢靠，所述钢层2的外边缘上开有多个螺栓安装孔11。
本实施例中，所述钢层2的外边缘上沿圆周方向开有多个所述螺栓安装孔11。
实际加工时，所述钢层2的外边缘上也可以不设置螺栓安装孔11，本发明所述的基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构以其它连接方式进行固定，如卡接等。
本实施例中，多个所述螺栓安装孔11呈均匀布设。
并且，多个所述加强连接件分多排多列进行布设。
实际加工时，可根据具体需要，对所述加强连接件的数量和各加强连接件的布设位置分别进行相应调整。
本实施例中，多个所述加强连接件的结构和尺寸均相同，且多个所述加强连接件呈均匀布设。
同时，本发明所述的基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，还包括布设在所述钢复合板上的检漏管9，所述钢复合板上开有供检漏管9安装的检漏管安装孔；所述检漏管9布设在所述钢复合板的一侧且其由内至外逐渐向下倾斜，所述检漏管9的上端与覆盖层3的上表面相平齐且其下端伸出至所述钢复合板外侧。
本实施例中，所述检漏管9上端与覆盖层3焊接固定，所述检漏管9下端伸出至所述钢复合板外侧的管段为外伸段，所述外伸段上套装有固定块12，所述固定块12与所述钢复合板和检漏管9均焊接固定。
所述检漏管安装孔的外端位于所述钢复合板的钢层2的外侧壁上。
本实施例中，所述固定块12为由钢板和布设在所述钢板外侧的外侧板复合而成的复合板，所述外侧板和检漏管9的材质均与覆盖层3的材质相同；所述固定块12的所述钢板与所述钢复合板的钢层2焊接固定，所述固定块12的所述外侧板与检漏管9焊接固定。
本实施例中，所述钢板的材质与钢层2的材质相同，所述外侧板为钛板。
本实施例中，所述检漏管9为钛管。
本实施例中，所述钽板1与覆盖层3焊接用的焊丝材质与覆盖层3的材质相同，所述焊丝为钛焊丝。
实际使用时，先对本发明所述基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构上的所有焊缝表面进行渗透检测，合格后，再通过检漏管9通入空气或一定浓度的氦气进行泄漏检测。
如图7所示的一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、钽板固定：将预先加工好的钽板1固定在钢复合板上，得到板材覆合基体；
步骤二、加工安装孔：在步骤一中所述板材覆合基体上加工流通管安装孔和/或堵头安装孔；
步骤三、构件安装：对预先加工成型的介质流通管和/或钽堵头5进行安装，完成基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构的加工过程；
对所述介质流通管进行安装时，将所述介质流通管固定安装在步骤二中所述流通管安装孔内；对钽堵头5进行安装时，将钽堵头5固定安装在步骤二中所述堵头安装孔内。
本实施例中，步骤一中进行钽板固定时，通过点焊将钽板1临时固定在所述钢复合板上；
步骤二中进行安装孔加工时，过程如下：
步骤201、安装孔初步加工：对所述流通管安装孔和所述堵头安装孔进行初步加工；
对所述流通管安装孔进行初步加工时，根据所述介质流通管的管径， 采用钻具在步骤一中所述板材覆合基体上对所述流通管安装孔进行初步加工，获得初步加工成型的流通管安装基孔，所述流通管安装基孔的孔径比所述介质流通管的管径小6mm～14mm；
对所述堵头安装孔进行初步加工时，根据钽堵头5的直径，采用钻具在步骤一中所述板材覆合基体上对所述堵头安装孔进行初步加工，获得初步加工成型的堵头安装基孔，所述堵头安装基孔的孔径比钽堵头5的直径小6mm～14mm；
步骤202、钽板与钢复合板分离：待所述板材覆合基体上所有流通管安装孔和所有堵头安装基孔的初步加工过程均完成后，将所述板材覆合基体的钽板1与所述钢复合板分离；
步骤203、安装孔成孔加工：对所述流通管安装孔和所述堵头安装孔进行成孔加工；
对所述流通管安装孔进行成孔加工时，对第一下安装孔6-1和第一上安装口6-2分别进行成孔加工；其中，对第一下安装孔6-1进行成孔加工时，将所述钢复合板上开设的所述流通管安装基孔加工成第一下安装孔6-1；对第一上安装口6-2进行成孔加工时，对钽板1上开设的所述流通管安装基孔进行向上翻边，获得第一上安装口6-2；
对所述堵头安装孔进行成孔加工时，对第二下安装孔7-1和第二上安装口7-2分别进行成孔加工；其中，对第二下安装孔7-1进行成孔加工时，将所述钢复合板上开设的所述堵头安装基孔加工成第二下安装孔7-1；对第二上安装口7-2进行成孔加工时，对钽板1上开设的所述堵头安装基孔进行向上翻边，获得第二上安装口7-2。
所述流通管安装基孔和所述堵头安装基孔均为圆柱孔。对第一下安装孔6-1进行成孔加工时，还需在第一下安装孔6-1的孔壁上开设环形槽。
并且，步骤一中通过点焊将钽板1临时固定在所述钢复合板上时，先将钽板1置于所述钢复合板上的所述凹槽中，再将钽板1周围点焊4个～8个点进行固定。
本实施例中，步骤203中对钽板1上开设的所述流通管安装基孔进行向上翻边后，还需去除加工毛刺；并且，对钽板1上开设的所述堵头安装基孔进行向上翻边，还需去除加工毛刺。
本实施例中，步骤三中进行构件安装时，过程如下：
步骤301、初步安装：将所述介质流通管和/或钽堵头5安装于所述钢复合板上；
对所述介质流通管进行安装时，先通过胀接将钽衬管4安装在第一下安装孔6-1内，再将钽衬管4的管壁与覆盖层3焊接固定；
对钽堵头5进行安装时，将钽堵头5装入第二下安装孔7-1内，再将钽堵头5与覆盖层3焊接固定；
步骤302、钽板对位安装：待所有介质流通管和所有钽堵头5均安装 于所述钢复合板上后，再将钽板1平放于所述钢复合板上，并使钽衬管4和钽堵头5分别装入第一上安装口6-2和第二上安装口7-2；
步骤303、焊接固定：将钽衬管4和/或钽堵头5均与钽板1焊接固定；
步骤304、钽板固定：将钽板1周侧与覆盖层3焊接固定。
本实施例中，步骤301中所述钽衬管4底端伸出至所述钢复合板下方的管段为扩口段，所述扩口段的直径由上至下逐渐增大；
步骤301中通过胀接将钽衬管4安装在第一下安装孔6-1后，还需对钽衬管4的底端进行扩口处理，并获得所述扩口段。
本实施例中，步骤301中进行初步安装时，先将所有介质流通管(具体是钽衬管4)分别安装在第一下安装孔6-1内，再将覆盖层3分别与钽衬管4和钽堵头5焊接固定。
本实施例中，步骤三中进行介质流通管与钽堵头安装之前，先对钽衬管4、钽堵头5、所述钢复合板和钽板1分别进行清洗。
并且，具体是采用常规的酸洗方式，去除表面污渍。
本实施例中，步骤一中所述钢复合板上设置有检漏管9，所述钢复合板上开有供检漏管9安装的检漏管安装孔；所述检漏管9布设在所述钢复合板的一侧且其由内至外逐渐向下倾斜，所述检漏管9的上端与覆盖层3的上表面相平齐且其下端伸出至所述钢复合板外侧；
步骤203中进行流通管安装孔与堵头安装孔成孔加工时，还需在所述钢复合板上对所述检漏管安装孔进行加工；
步骤301中进行初步安装时，还需将检漏管9安装在所述钢复合板上。
本实施例中，所述检漏管9上端与覆盖层3焊接固定，所述检漏管9下端伸出至所述钢复合板外侧的管段为外伸段，所述外伸段上套装有固定块12，所述固定块12与所述钢复合板和检漏管9均焊接固定；
步骤301中将检漏管9安装在所述钢复合板上时，将检漏管9上端与覆盖层3焊接固定，并在检漏管9的所述外伸段上套装固定块12，且将固定块12与所述钢复合板和检漏管9均焊接固定。
本实施例中，对检漏管9进行安装之前，还需对检漏管9进行清洗。并且，具体是采用常规的酸洗方式，去除表面污渍。
实施例2
如图8所示，本实施例基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构与实施例1不同的是：所述加强连接区的数量为三个，三个所述加强连接区均布设在所述板材覆合基体的同一侧，三个所述加强连接区分别布设在一个等边三角形的三个顶点上。
实际使用时，可对流通管布设区10和所述加强连接区的数量以及各流通管布设区10和各加强连接区的布设位置分别进行相应调整。
本实施例基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构的其余部分结构和连接关系，均与实施例1相同。
本实施例基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构加工方法，与实施例1相同。
实施例3
如图9所示，本实施例基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构与实施例1不同的是：所述板材覆合基体上仅设置有所述加强连接件，所述板材覆合基体上未设置介质流通管，所述板材覆合基体上仅设置有所述加强连接区。
本实施例中基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构的其余部分结构和连接关系均与实施例1相同。
本实施例基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构加工方法与实施例1不同的是：步骤二中进行安装孔加工时，仅需采用钻具在步骤一中所述板材覆合基体上对所述堵头安装孔进行加工；步骤三中进行构件安装时，仅需对预先加工成型的钽堵头5进行安装。
本实施例基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构加工方法的其余方法步骤均与实施例1相同。
实施例4
如图10所示，本实施例基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构与实施例1不同的是：所述板材覆合基体上仅设置有所述介质流通管。并且，所述板材覆合基体上未设置所述加强连接件，所述板材覆合基体上仅设置有流通管布设区10。
本实施例中基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构的其余部分结构和连接关系均与实施例1相同。
本实施例基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构加工方法与实施例1不同的是：步骤二中进行安装孔加工时，仅需采用钻具在步骤一中所述板材覆合基体上对所述流通管安装孔进行加工；步骤三中进行构件安装时，仅需对预先加工成型的所述介质流通管进行安装。
本实施例基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构加工方法的其余方法步骤均与实施例1相同。
实施例5
如图11所示，本实施例基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构与实施例1不同的是：所述钢复合板和钽板1均为正方形，所述钢复合板的边长大于钽板1的边长，所述钽板1位于所述钢复合板的正上方，所述钢层2的四个外边缘上均沿开有多个布设于同一直线上的所述螺栓安装孔11。
本实施例基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构的其余部分结构和连接关系均与实施例1相同。
本实施例基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构加工方法与实施例1相同。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明作任何限制，凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效结构变化，均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征在于：包括由钢复合板与覆盖在所述钢复合板上的钽板(1)组成的板材覆合基体；所述钢复合板由钢层(2)和平铺在钢层(2)上的覆盖层(3)复合而成，所述钽板(1)布设在覆盖层(3)上，所述钽板(1)周侧与覆盖层(3)焊接固定，所述覆盖层(3)为钛层、铜层、镍层或锆层；
    所述板材覆合基体上设置有介质流通管和/或加强连接件，所述加强连接件为钽堵头(5)，所述板材覆合基体上开有供所述介质流通管安装的流通管安装孔和/或供钽堵头(5)安装的堵头安装孔；
    所述介质流通管包括安装在所述流通管安装孔内的钽衬管(4)，所述钽衬管(4)与所述钢复合板之间采用胀接和/或焊接方式固定，所述钽衬管(4)与钽板(1)焊接固定；
    所述堵头安装孔为通孔或由上至下钻入钢层(2)内的盲孔；所述钽堵头(5)与钽板(1)和覆盖层(3)均焊接固定。
  2. 按照权利要求1所述的一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征在于：所述钢层(2)的厚度为10mm～300mm，所述覆盖层(3)的厚度为2mm～12mm，所述钽板(1)的厚度为0.3mm～2mm。
  3. 按照权利要求1或2所述的一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征在于：所述介质流通管还包括同轴套装在钽衬管(4)内的钽管(13)；所述介质流通管与所述钢复合板之间采用胀接方式固定，所述介质流通管与覆盖层(3)之间采用焊接封闭。
  4. 按照权利要求3所述的一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征在于：所述流通管安装孔由所述钢复合板上开设的第一下安装孔(6-1)和钽板(1)上开设的第一上安装口(6-2)组成，所述第一下安装孔(6-1)为孔壁上带环形槽的圆柱孔，所述第一上安装口(6-2)为口径由上至下逐渐增大的喇叭口；所述钽衬管(4)的上端与第一上安装口(6-2)的上端相平齐；所述钽衬管(4)底端伸出至所述钢复合板下方；所述钽衬管(4)底端伸出至所述钢复合板下方的管段为扩口段，所述扩口段的直径由上至下逐渐增大；
    所述堵头安装孔由所述钢复合板上开设的第二下安装孔(7-1)和钽板(1)上开设的第二上安装口(7-2)组成，所述第二下安装孔(7-1)为圆柱孔，所述第二上安装口(7-2)为口径由上至下逐渐增大的喇叭口。
  5. 按照权利要求4所述的一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征在于：所述第一上安装口(6-2)的高度为2mm～6mm；所述钽堵头(5)的上端与第二上安装口(7-2)的上端相平齐，且钽堵头(5)的上端与第二上安装口(7-2)的上端焊接固定；所述钽堵头(5)的底端高度高于所述钢复合板的底面高度；所述第二上安装口(7-2)的高度为2mm～6mm。
  6. 按照权利要求1或2所述的一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征在于：所述介质流通管的数量至少为一个，所述加强连接件的数量至少为一个；所述板材覆合基体上设置有流通管布设区(10)和/或加强连接区，所述介质流通管布设在流通管布设区(10)内，所述加强连接件布设在所述加强连接区内。
  7. 按照权利要求1或2所述的一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征在于：所述钽堵头(5)为管帽状堵头或实心堵头。
  8. 按照权利要求1或2所述的一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征在于：所述覆盖层(3)上设置有供钽板(1)嵌入的凹槽，所述凹槽的深度小于钽板(1)的厚度；所述凹槽的深度为0.2mm～0.5mm。
  9. 按照权利要求1或2所述的一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征在于：还包括布设在所述钢复合板上的检漏管(9)，所述钢复合板上开有供检漏管(9)安装的检漏管安装孔；所述检漏管(9)布设在所述钢复合板的一侧且其由内至外逐渐向下倾斜，所述检漏管(9)的上端与覆盖层(3)的上表面相平齐且其下端伸出至所述钢复合板外侧。
  10. 按照权利要求9所述的一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征在于：所述检漏管(9)上端与覆盖层(3)焊接固定，所述检漏管(9)下端伸出至所述钢复合板外侧的管段为外伸段，所述外伸段上套装有固定块(12)，所述固定块(12)与所述钢复合板和检漏管(9)均焊接固定。
  11. 按照权利要求10所述的一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构，其特征在于：所述检漏管安装孔的外端位于所述钢复合板的钢层(2)的外侧壁上；所述固定块(12)为由钢板和布设在所述钢板外侧的外侧板复合而成的复合板，所述外侧板和检漏管(9)的材质均与覆盖层(3)的材质相同；
    所述固定块(12)的所述钢板与所述钢复合板的钢层(2)焊接固定，所述固定块(12)的所述外侧板与检漏管(9)焊接固定。
  12. 一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构的加工方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤一、钽板固定：将预先加工好的钽板(1)固定在钢复合板上，得到板材覆合基体；
    步骤二、加工安装孔：在步骤一中所述板材覆合基体上加工流通管安装孔和/或堵头安装孔；
    步骤三、构件安装：对预先加工成型的介质流通管和/或钽堵头(5)进行安装，完成基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构的加工过程；
    对所述介质流通管进行安装时，将所述介质流通管固定安装在步骤二中所述流通管安装孔内；对钽堵头(5)进行安装时，将钽堵头(5)固定安装在步骤二中所述堵头安装孔内。
  13. 按照权利要求12所述的一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构的加 工方法，其特征在于：步骤一中进行钽板固定时，通过点焊将钽板(1)临时固定在所述钢复合板上；
    所述介质流通管与所述钢复合板之间采用胀接方式固定，所述介质流通管与覆盖层(3)之间采用焊接封闭；所述流通管安装孔由所述钢复合板上开设的第一下安装孔(6-1)和钽板(1)上开设的第一上安装口(6-2)组成，所述第一下安装孔(6-1)为孔壁上带环形槽的圆柱孔，所述第一上安装口(6-2)为口径由上至下逐渐增大的喇叭口；
    所述堵头安装孔由所述钢复合板上开设的第二下安装孔(7-1)和钽板(1)上开设的第二上安装口(7-2)组成，所述第二下安装孔(7-1)为圆柱孔，所述第二上安装口(7-2)为口径由上至下逐渐增大的喇叭口；所述钽堵头(5)的上端与第二上安装口(7-2)的上端相平齐，且钽堵头(5)的上端与第二上安装口(7-2)的上端焊接固定；
    步骤二中进行安装孔加工时，过程如下：
    步骤201、安装孔初步加工：对所述流通管安装孔和/或所述堵头安装孔进行初步加工；
    对所述流通管安装孔进行初步加工时，根据所述介质流通管的管径，采用钻具在步骤一中所述板材覆合基体上对所述流通管安装孔进行初步加工，获得初步加工成型的流通管安装基孔，所述流通管安装基孔的孔径比所述介质流通管的管径小6mm～14mm；
    对所述堵头安装孔进行初步加工时，根据钽堵头(5)的直径，采用钻具在步骤一中所述板材覆合基体上对所述堵头安装孔进行初步加工，获得初步加工成型的堵头安装基孔，所述堵头安装基孔的孔径比钽堵头(5)的直径小6mm～14mm；
    步骤202、钽板与钢复合板分离：待所述板材覆合基体上所有流通管安装孔和所有堵头安装基孔的初步加工过程均完成后，将所述板材覆合基体的钽板(1)与所述钢复合板分离；
    步骤203、安装孔成孔加工：对所述流通管安装孔和/或所述堵头安装孔进行成孔加工；
    对所述流通管安装孔进行成孔加工时，对第一下安装孔(6-1)和第一上安装口(6-2)分别进行成孔加工；其中，对第一下安装孔(6-1)进行成孔加工时，将所述钢复合板上开设的所述流通管安装基孔加工成第一下安装孔(6-1)；对第一上安装口(6-2)进行成孔加工时，对钽板(1)上开设的所述流通管安装基孔进行向上翻边，获得第一上安装口(6-2)；
    对所述堵头安装孔进行成孔加工时，对第二下安装孔(7-1)和第二上安装口(7-2)分别进行成孔加工；其中，对第二下安装孔(7-1)进行成孔加工时，将所述钢复合板上开设的所述堵头安装基孔加工成第二下安装孔(7-1)；对第二上安装口(7-2)进行成孔加工时，对钽板(1)上开设的所述堵头安装基孔进行向上翻边，获得第二上安装口(7-2)。
  14. 按照权利要求13所述的一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构的加工方法，其特征在于：步骤三中进行构件安装时，过程如下：
    步骤301、初步安装：将所述介质流通管和/或钽堵头(5)安装于所述钢复合板上；
    对所述介质流通管进行安装时，先通过胀接将钽衬管(4)安装在第一下安装孔(6-1)内，再将钽衬管(4)的管壁与覆盖层(3)焊接固定；
    对钽堵头(5)进行安装时，将钽堵头(5)装入第二下安装孔(7-1)内，再将钽堵头(5)与覆盖层(3)焊接固定；
    步骤302、钽板对位安装：待所有介质流通管和所有钽堵头(5)均安装于所述钢复合板上后，再将钽板(1)平放于所述钢复合板上，并使钽衬管(4)和钽堵头(5)分别装入第一上安装口(6-2)和第二上安装口(7-2)；
    步骤303、焊接固定：将钽衬管(4)和/或钽堵头(5)均与钽板(1)焊接固定；
    步骤304、钽板固定：将钽板(1)周侧与覆盖层(3)焊接固定。
  15. 按照权利要求14所述的一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构的加工方法，其特征在于：步骤301中所述钽衬管(4)底端伸出至所述钢复合板下方的管段为扩口段，所述扩口段的直径由上至下逐渐增大；
    步骤301中通过胀接将钽衬管(4)安装在第一下安装孔(6-1)后，还需对钽衬管(4)的底端进行扩口处理，并获得所述扩口段。
  16. 按照权利要求14所述的一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构的加工方法，其特征在于：步骤一中所述钢复合板上设置有检漏管(9)，所述钢复合板上开有供检漏管(9)安装的检漏管安装孔；所述检漏管(9)布设在所述钢复合板的一侧且其由内至外逐渐向下倾斜，所述检漏管(9)的上端与覆盖层(3)的上表面相平齐且其下端伸出至所述钢复合板外侧；
    步骤203中进行流通管安装孔与堵头安装孔成孔加工时，还需在所述钢复合板上对所述检漏管安装孔进行加工；
    步骤301中进行初步安装时，还需将检漏管(9)安装在所述钢复合板上。
  17. 按照权利要求16所述的一种基于钽板与钢复合板的覆合结构的加工方法，其特征在于：所述检漏管(9)上端与覆盖层(3)焊接固定，所述检漏管(9)下端伸出至所述钢复合板外侧的管段为外伸段，所述外伸段上套装有固定块(12)，所述固定块(12)与所述钢复合板和检漏管(9)均焊接固定；
    步骤301中将检漏管(9)安装在所述钢复合板上时，将检漏管(9)上端与覆盖层(3)焊接固定，并在检漏管(9)的所述外伸段上套装固定块(12)，且将固定块(12)与所述钢复合板和检漏管(9)均焊接固定。
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