WO2017210945A1 - 一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔 - Google Patents

一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017210945A1
WO2017210945A1 PCT/CN2016/088778 CN2016088778W WO2017210945A1 WO 2017210945 A1 WO2017210945 A1 WO 2017210945A1 CN 2016088778 W CN2016088778 W CN 2016088778W WO 2017210945 A1 WO2017210945 A1 WO 2017210945A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
helmet
gear
shield
rotating gear
rotating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/088778
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
廖浩甜
奉友军
Original Assignee
江门市鹏程头盔有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 江门市鹏程头盔有限公司 filed Critical 江门市鹏程头盔有限公司
Priority to US15/124,608 priority Critical patent/US10143259B2/en
Priority to AU2016225881A priority patent/AU2016225881B2/en
Priority to PL16758077T priority patent/PL3278684T3/pl
Priority to ES16758077T priority patent/ES2725680T3/es
Priority to EP16758077.8A priority patent/EP3278684B1/en
Priority to CA3034605A priority patent/CA3034605C/en
Publication of WO2017210945A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017210945A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/32—Collapsible helmets; Helmets made of separable parts ; Helmets with movable parts, e.g. adjustable
    • A42B3/326—Helmets with movable or separable chin or jaw guard
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/18—Face protection devices
    • A42B3/20—Face guards, e.g. for ice hockey
    • A42B3/205—Chin protectors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/18—Face protection devices
    • A42B3/22—Visors
    • A42B3/221—Attaching visors to helmet shells, e.g. on motorcycle helmets
    • A42B3/222—Attaching visors to helmet shells, e.g. on motorcycle helmets in an articulated manner, e.g. hinge devices
    • A42B3/223—Attaching visors to helmet shells, e.g. on motorcycle helmets in an articulated manner, e.g. hinge devices with means for locking the visor in a fully open, intermediate or closed position
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/18—Face protection devices
    • A42B3/22—Visors
    • A42B3/225—Visors with full face protection, e.g. for industrial safety applications

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a helmet for protecting a human head, and more particularly to a helmet that can be worn by a motor vehicle, a racing car, and an aircraft driver, and more particularly to an ankle guard structure of a helmet that can be changed as needed. Helmet.
  • a typical full-helmet helmet generally includes a helmet body, a shield and an ankle guard, wherein the shield and the ankle are mounted on the main body of the helmet, and the shield can be opened or buckled as needed to prevent sand.
  • the function of the shin guard is to protect the driver's chin and mouth and nose and other vital organs in the event of an accidental collision. Not hurt.
  • the armor of the conventional full-helmet helmet and the main body of the helmet are integrally formed, that is, the ankle is fixed relative to the main body of the helmet.
  • the traditional full-helmet helmet is very sluggish and inconvenient; on the other hand, it is produced from production. From the point of view, the production mold of the one-piece full-helmet helmet is very complicated due to the presence of the chin guard structure, so its manufacturing cost is very high. Obviously, the traditional one-piece full-helmet helmet cannot meet the multi-objective needs of safety, convenience and low cost.
  • the Spanish patent application ES2329494T3 discloses a helmet whose ankle structure can be changed, and the Chinese invention patent ZL201010538198.0 also proposes a variable ankle structure helmet which can realize mutual conversion between the full helmet structure and the half helmet structure.
  • the common feature of the two variable ankle structure helmets is that firstly, the guard body and the main body of the helmet shell are separated, thereby reducing the production cost of the helmet. Secondly, the guard can be opened from the position of the full helmet structure as needed. It is a half helmet helmet in the open position. This function is mainly obtained by using the slot-shaped rail groove provided on the bottom bracket and the frog arm and the movement coordination with the slot-shaped rail groove. The nail is used to dynamically control the position and posture of the shin guard. In other words, the change of the shin guard structure is completely dependent on the rail groove with the punch-through characteristics to restrain it. Undoubtedly, the above two helmets adopt a flexible ankle structure scheme, which better handles the convenience and low-cost multi-target requirements, thus promoting the advancement of helmet technology.
  • variable ankle-structure helmets are self-evident, they are very prominent because they adopt the structural scheme of slot-like rail grooves.
  • the specific manifestations are as follows: 1) The presence of the through-going rail slot will inevitably lead to a decrease in the safety of the helmet.
  • the variable ankle-structure helmet disclosed in the Spanish patent application ES2329494T3 has a plurality of chins on the bottom support and the chin.
  • the flat-shaped constrained rail groove, and the Chinese patent ZL201010538198.0 also has a similar flat rail groove on its bottom bracket. Obviously, the excessive rail slot-like structure will inevitably damage the structural strength and rigidity of the corresponding components.
  • the slot-shaped rail groove will increase the complexity of the helmet assembly, resulting in a significant increase in assembly difficulty. This is due to the separation effect of the rail groove, which not only increases the number of parts, but also increases the complexity of the assembly process. The adjustment is more difficult, and the constraint pair formed by the slot-shaped rail groove and the moving nail belongs to inaccurate motion. Vice, the matching clearance is difficult to control and it is easy to cause the stability of the movement of the ankle. It can be seen that the strength and rigidity of the parts are obvious. The decline is also the increase in the number and assembly difficulty, or the consistency of the gap between the rail groove and the dynamic nail is difficult to guarantee, and the final result will reflect the reliability degradation of the helmet quality.
  • the helmet with the track groove constraining variable ankle structure can realize the structural conversion between the full helmet position and the half helmet position, but at the same time, it is also safe, comfortable and reliable. There are many hidden dangers and deficiencies in the sex and other aspects, so it is still necessary to further improve and enhance it.
  • the present invention provides a variable shin guard structure type helmet based on gear constraint, and aims to effectively improve the safety of the helmet by principle innovation and structural improvement. Sex, on the other hand, effectively improves the wearing comfort of the helmet while effectively improving the quality and reliability of the helmet.
  • a gear restraint-based variable shin guard structure helmet comprising a helmet body, a shin guard and two pedestals, the shin guard having two partitions In the forks on both sides of the main body of the helmet shell, the two bottom brackets are respectively arranged on both sides of the main body of the helmet shell, and the bottom brackets are fastened and mounted on the main body of the helmet shell, or the bottom bracket and the body of the helmet shell Manufactured as a unitary structure; characterized in that: two fixed gears are provided which are fixed relative to the main body of the helmet shell, and the two fixed gears are disposed on both sides of the main body of the helmet shell, and two followers are additionally provided The rotating gear that moves together with the shin guard, the two rotating gears are also divided on both sides of the main body of the helmet shell, and the bottom bracket, the fork handle, the fixed gear and the rotating gear on the same side of the main body of the helmet shell form a In the same associated pair, the rotating
  • the fixed gear and the rotating gear are both spur gear type and the engaging mechanism formed by them belongs to a face gear transmission mechanism, wherein the fixed gear is an internal gear and the rotating gear is an external gear.
  • the above-mentioned intermeshing fixed gear and rotating gear have a pitch radius R of the fixed gear, a pitch radius r of the rotating gear, and a rotation of the rotating gear shaft when the shin guard rotates the angle ⁇ with respect to the helmet body during the meshing
  • the angle of the center angle ⁇ the parameters described above satisfy the constraint formula:
  • the fixed gear includes a first fixed gear segment and a second fixed gear segment
  • the rotating gear includes a first rotating gear segment and a second rotating gear segment
  • the first rotating gear tooth in the same associated pair The segment only engages with the first fixed wheel segment
  • the second rotating wheel segment only meshes with the second fixed wheel segment.
  • the axial center of the first rotating gear segment in the same associated pair coincides with the axial center of the second rotating gear segment.
  • the first axial trajectory of the first rotating gear segment in the same associated pair and the second axial trajectory of the second rotating gear segment are tangent at their intersections.
  • the helmet is provided with a circular arc groove on the base or/and the helmet body, and the circular arc groove participates in restraining the movement of the rotating gear and keeps the constrained rotating gear in mesh with its corresponding fixed gear.
  • the helmet is provided with an elastic locking structure on the bottom bracket or/and the helmet body, and the layout position of the elastic locking structure corresponds to the two ends of the circular arc groove, wherein the two ends of the circular arc groove respectively correspond to The full helmet position and half helmet position of the shin guard.
  • the helmet is provided with a shroud which, when the shroud is in the maximum cleaving position, is assembled by the section of the cut surface of the face of the helmet body and the trajectory of the face of the protector being cut by the facet of the helmet body during the movement. There is no intersection in the whole world.
  • the splitting movement of the shroud is a fixed-axis rotational movement, and a drive spring that pops up the shroud is provided.
  • the helmet is provided with a lock cam, a lock cam and a lock spring, the lock cam is fastened to the shield or the lock cam and the shield are integrally formed, and the lock cam and the lock spring are mounted on the helmet On the housing body or/and the base, the lock spring normally causes the locking cam to engage the latch cam and lock the shield in its collapsed position when the shield is snapped.
  • the helmet is provided with an unlocking member and an unlocking cam.
  • the unlocking cam is fastened on the locking cam or the unlocking cam and the locking cam are integrally formed.
  • the unlocking member is driven by the fork and driven by the rotating gear, and the unlocking member can be The unlocking action of the lock cam and the lock cam in the locked state is released by driving the unlocking cam and driving the lock cam as needed.
  • the above-described helmet performs a complete unlocking action on the locking cam and the locking cam at least during the first third of the entire process of returning the full-helmet position from the half-helmet position to the full-helmet position.
  • the unlocking member is a cylindrical pin and the axis of the cylindrical pin is disposed coaxially with the axis of the rotating gear, the cylindrical pin being fastened to the rotating gear or they are made in one piece.
  • the helmet corresponding to the shield is in the buckle position, and the lock cam and the lock cam have two kinds of engagement locks.
  • the first lock state is that the shield is locked in the buckle position and the lower edge of the shield is fitted with the lip of the shin guard
  • the second lock state is that the shield is locked at the buckle Position, but there is a gas permeable gap between the lower edge of the shield and the lip of the shin guard.
  • the helmet is provided with a retarding member on the base of the shoe or/and the body of the helmet for mitigating the impact of the tip of the shield.
  • the helmet is provided on the base or/and the body of the helmet with an expansion configuration that forces the outer portion of the fork to elastically deform to help the shin guard lip smoothly pass over the lower edge of the shield in the open state.
  • the invention relates to a variable guard structure helmet based on a gear constraint, which can reliably convert the guard between the full helmet position and the half helmet position and maintain its geometrical trajectory by adopting a gear constraining structure and manner.
  • Uniqueness and reversibility On the one hand, the integrity of the overall structure of the shoe and the shin guard is maintained, thereby ensuring that the core components of the helmet have high strength and high rigidity, thereby effectively improving the safety of the helmet; on the other hand, the safety of the helmet is greatly reduced or even completely eliminated.
  • the exposed slot on the surface of the helmet shell greatly reduces the buzzing noise generated by the airflow flowing through the surface of the helmet shell, thereby effectively improving the wearing comfort of the helmet; and the structural integrity of the shoe and the shin guard are improved.
  • the assembly difficulty is reduced, and the gear meshing is a reliable restraint structure, so the quality reliability of the helmet can be effectively improved.
  • FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a variable restraint-type helmet based on a gear constraint of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the variable guard structure of the present invention shown in Figure 1 in the state of the full helmet structure;
  • Figure 3 is a side elevational view of the variable guard structure of the present invention shown in Figure 1 in a state of a half helmet structure;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic exploded view of a variable guard structure helmet based on a gear constraint of the present invention shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a process state in which a guard of a variable guard structure type helmet based on a gear constraint changes from a position of a full helmet structure to a position of a half helmet structure;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a process state of a variable armor structure type helmet based on a gear constraint in which a guard is returned from a position of a half helmet structure to a position of a full helmet structure;
  • FIG. 7 is an isometric view of a variable-shield-type helmet-rotating gear and a forklift according to a gear constraint according to the present invention
  • Figure 8 is a schematic exploded view of the connecting assembly formed by the rotating gear and the fork handle shown in Figure 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a variable-shield-type helmet-rotating gear and a fixed gear based on a gear constraint in the form of two-stage gear-shaped spur gears and meshed with each other;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the mutual engagement of the rotating gear and the fixed gear of Figure 9 in response to the position of the full-helmet structure, the position of a certain structural position in the middle, and the position of the half-helmet structure, respectively;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of a variable-shield-type helmet-rotating gear and a fixed gear based on a gear constraint in a form of a spur gear in the form of a segment of a tooth segment;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the geometrical parameters of the movement of the echo guard against the main body of the helmet when the rotating gear and the fixed gear of the embodiment shown in Figure 11 are engaged with each other;
  • Figure 13 is a variable guard structure type helmet rotating gear and fixed gear based on gear constraint of the present invention. Schematic diagram of the geometrical parameters of the cylindrical gears in the form of two-stage gear segments and meshing with each other;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing the engagement of a circular arc groove on a cover of a variable retaining structure type helmet bottom support with a rotating gear shaft head according to the gear constraint of the present invention
  • Figure 15 is a perspective view showing a gap-retaining gap between a shroud and a shin guard of a variable shin guard type helmet based on a gear constraint;
  • Figure 16 is a side elevational view showing a gas permeable gap between the shield and the shin guard shown in Figure 15;
  • Figure 17 is a schematic view showing the state of the shield unlocking process of the variable ankle-structured helmet based on the gear constraint of the present invention.
  • a variable guard structure helmet based on gear constraint comprising a helmet body 1, a shin 2 and two pedestals 3, wherein the pedestal 3 can be a single part (not shown It may also be a component composed of a plurality of parts (the bottom bracket 3 shown in Fig. 4 belongs to the part including the bottom cover 3a and the outer cover 3b), and the shin guard 2 has two parts which are separately disposed in the helmet body 1 a side fork 2a, which are respectively disposed on both sides of the helmet body (see FIG.
  • the helmet body 1 has a middle facet P which passes through the mouth, nose and skull top of the driver when the driver normally wears the helmet and the driver's The left and right eyes, the left and right ears, and the like are separated on both sides thereof.
  • the middle facet P of the present invention can be regarded as the left and right symmetry plane of the helmet body 1 (as shown in FIG. 1), it should be noted that here
  • the shield 6 is made of a transparent material and its function is to prevent rainwater and sand from invading the helmet shell when driving the vehicle.
  • the shin guard 2 has two forks 2a disposed on both sides of the helmet body 1", meaning that the two forks 2a are separated by the middle facet P, and It is disposed near the outer surface of the helmet body 1 or abuts against the outer surface of the helmet body 1, and similarly, "the two bases 3 are respectively fastened and mounted on both sides of the helmet body 1” means the two The bottom brackets 3 are separated by the middle facets P and are respectively arranged on both sides of the helmet body 1 and fastened to the helmet body 1 with the two bases 3 respectively located on the helmet body 1 corresponding to the driver When the helmet is worn, the part corresponding to the left and right ears of the driver is the optimal layout position (as shown in FIG.
  • Solid connection structure and connection method especially including screw fastening connection, bolt fastening connection, rivet fastening connection, adhesive fastening connection, welding fastening connection, hook fastening connection, snap fastening connection, etc.
  • the welding fastening connection therein may be in the form of heat welding, ultrasonic welding or friction welding; in particular, the two bottom brackets 3 in the present invention may also be combined with the helmet body 1 in a one-piece structure, which The bottom cover 3 includes the bottom cover 3a or/and the outer cover 3b and the helmet body 1 in various situations (not shown) which are made in a unitary structure; the most distinctive feature of the present invention is that the structure of the shin guard 2 is realized.
  • two fixed gears 4 are fixed respectively with respect to the helmet body 1, and the two fixed gears 4 are divided on both sides of the helmet body 1 (ie, separated by the middle plane P)
  • two rotating gears 5 shown in FIG. 4 that follow the movement of the shin guard 2 are provided, and the two rotating gears 5 are also disposed on both sides of the helmet body 1 (ie, Separated by the facets P), the base 3 on the same side of the main body of the helmet shell 1, the fork 2a, the fixed gear 4 and the rotating gear 5 together form an associated pair, that is, they are directly or indirectly related to each other.
  • FIG. 6(d) is the shield 6 that has just passed over the highest cleave position of the shin guard 2 ⁇ Fig. 6(e) shows that the shin guard 2 has fallen back to the position of the half helmet structure;
  • the engagement of Fig. 10(c) corresponds to the position of the shin guard 2 at the half helmet structure as shown in Fig. 5(e) and Fig. 6(a), and the engagement of Fig. 10(b) corresponds to the shin guard.
  • the shin guard 2 at an intermediate position between the position of the full-helmet structure and the position of the half-helmet structure; in the process of the above-mentioned shin guard 2 going to and from the position of the full-helmet structure and the position of the half-helmet structure, the shin guard 2 is formed during the reciprocating motion
  • the geometric trajectory can maintain its uniqueness and reversibility, in other words this means that the shin guard 2 is positioned relative to the hood body 1 under the common constraint of the rotating gear 5 and the fixed gear 4 and
  • the angles are both controlled and controllable, and are unique and reversible.
  • the structure means that the shin guard 2 is in front of the helmet and encloses the driver's chin and mouth and other organs in a protected state (as shown in Figure 2), while the half helmet structure refers to the shin guard.
  • the helmet at this time is a half helmet structure helmet.
  • the shin guard 2 is in the state of the half helmet structure.
  • the helmet can facilitate the driver to complete the action of drinking water, talking, etc.; it must be pointed out that the positional movement and the posture change of the shin guard 2 are as long as there are or include the above-mentioned structure that is restrained and realized by the rotating gear 5 and the fixed gear 4.
  • variable guard structure type helmet based on a gear constraint; in addition, it should be noted that, in the present invention, "the position and posture of the shin guard 2 under the constraint of the rotating gear 5 also occur in this process.
  • the shin guard 2 is unique because the geometric trajectory formed with respect to the movement of the hood body 1 is unique, that is, the movement of the shin guard 2 is determined and unique, that is,
  • the mechanism of freedom of the ankle guard 2 has only one, and from another angle, the specific position of the rotation gear 5 and the fixed gear 4 determines the specific position and posture of the ankle guard 2, which in turn protects the ankle guard 2
  • a specific position and an angular attitude at this position correspond to the unique meshing point of the rotating gear 5 and the fixed gear 4, and during the engagement of the rotating gear 5 with the fixed gear 4, the shin 2 is The helmet position is forwarded to the half helmet position (see Figure 5) or from the half helmet position to the full helmet position (
  • the position coordinate value and the attitude angle value of 1 are uniquely determined, which is said to be unique, and the geometric trajectory of the shin guard 2 can be reversed when the shin guard 2 is returned from the half helmet position to the full helmet position.
  • the position and posture when moving from the full helmet position to the half helmet position, or the geometric trajectory formed by the shin guard 2 in the above two positive and negative trend operations can be reproduced and repeated, that is, it is reversible.
  • the "geometric trajectory formed by the shin guard 2 for reciprocating motion can maintain uniqueness and reversibility" in the present invention allows for various factors such as manufacturing errors, assembly gaps, and force deformation.
  • the intermediate facet P in the present invention has an intersecting line S (see Figs.
  • the fixed gear 4 in the present invention is stationary or immovable with respect to the helmet body 1, and has various structural layout forms: 1) The fixed gear 4 is a separate member and is directly and directly fastened and mounted on the helmet body 1 (not shown); 2) the fixed gear 4 and the helmet body 1 are integrally formed (not shown); The fixed gear 4 is a separate member and is simultaneously fastened to the helmet body 1 and the base 3 (not shown); 4) the fixed gear 4 is a separate piece and is fastened to the base 3 and then fixed together Mounted to the helmet body 1 (not shown); 5) The fixed gear 4 and the base 3 are
  • the fixed gear 4 and the rotating gear 5 in the present invention may have various structural types, such as a spur gear structure, a helical gear structure or other gear structures, etc., wherein the fixed gear 4 and the rotating gear 5 are used.
  • the fixed gear 4 and the rotating gear 5 can even be other shaped gear structures of various other non-cylindrical gears (the pitch circles at which they mesh with each other may be elliptical, polygonal or other irregular shapes, Show), but regardless of the type of gear used, they should be selected to help constrain the shin guard 2 to achieve the conversion of the full-helmet structure and the half-helmet structure, and from the point of view of ease of manufacture and ease of installation, fixed
  • the optimal structure and assembly form of the gear 4 and the rotating gear 5 are: the fixed gear 4 and the rotating gear 5 are both spur gear type, and the engaging mechanism formed by them belongs to the face gear transmission.
  • the configuration ie, the axes of the gears involved are arranged parallel to each other
  • the fixed gear 4 is an internal gear configuration
  • the rotating gear 5 is an external gear configuration (as shown in FIGS. 4, 9 to 13)
  • the trajectory of the rotating gear axis O5 when the fixed gear 4 is engaged and rotated (the so-called rotating gear axis trajectory L) will appear as a circular arc line and the center of the circular arc and the fixed gear axis of the meshing fixed gear 4 O4 coincides (see Fig. 11 and Fig.
  • the fixed gear 4 and the rotating gear 5 are both spur gear types at the same time, and the meshing mechanism they constitute belongs to the face gear transmission mechanism. It is an inclusive statement that the axes of the fixed gear 4 and the rotating gear 5 involved are allowed to have a certain degree of non-parallelism (including static state and operating state), that is, due to various manufacturing errors, assembly errors, and stresses.
  • the non-parallel phenomenon of the axis of the fixed gear 4 and the rotating gear 5 occurring at some point or partial area due to deformation and temperature rise deformation, etc., can be allowed, in addition to considering various shapes.
  • the parameters of the fixed gear 4 and the rotating gear 5 in the present invention may adopt a design principle that, for those fixed gears 4 and the rotating gear 5 in which the mutual meshing occurs,
  • the pitch radius R of the fixed gear 4, the pitch radius r of the rotating gear 5, and the central angle ⁇ of the rotating gear axis O5 when the guard 2 is rotated by the angle ⁇ with respect to the helmet body 1 during their engagement See Figures 11 and 12
  • these parameters satisfy the constraint formula:
  • the intermeshing fixed gear 4 and the rotating gear 5 should have the same modulus, and when the fixed gear 4 and the rotating gear 5 are both standard gears, the pitch radius R of the fixed gear 4 at this moment is
  • the pitch circle radius of the fixed gear 4 and the pitch circle radius r of the rotary gear 5 are the index circle radius of the rotary gear
  • the fixed gear 4 in the present invention may be a gear having only a single segment of the tooth segment (as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12) or a gear including a plurality of segments of the segment, and rotating in the same manner.
  • the gear 5 can be either a gear with only one segment of gears (as shown in Figures 11 and 12) or a gear with several segments of gears, and for a fixed gear 4 containing several segments of gear segments.
  • the design parameters (such as modulus, number of teeth, index circle, pitch circle, length of the tooth segment, etc.) between different tooth segments can be the same or different (for rotations involving several segments)
  • the gear 5 is also similar.
  • the advantage of this arrangement is that a better shin 2 trajectory can be designed according to the shape of the helmet body 1 and the design and layout flexibility can be increased; the invention will be meshed along the fixed gear 4
  • the trajectory of the rotating gear axis O5 when rotating is referred to as the rotating gear axis trajectory L (see FIGS. 11 and 12), and it is apparent that the fixed gear 4 and the rotating gear 5 belonging to the face gear transmission mechanism and of the cylindrical gear type are In terms of meshing, when there is only one fixed gear 4
  • the rotating gear 5 meshing with the tooth segment has only one segment of the tooth (as shown in FIGS.
  • the axis L of the rotating gear axis will be a continuous curve of an arc shape
  • the arc center of the rotating gear axis locus L is the fixed gear axis O4
  • the parameter of the central angle ⁇ rotated by the aforementioned rotating gear axis O5 is also measured by the fixed gear axis O4 as a reference coordinate (see figure).
  • the rotational gear axis trajectory L will be composed of a plurality of arcuate curves; in particular, when the fixed gear 4 When the rotating gear 5 is the same as the two-stage gear segment (as shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 9, Fig.
  • FIG. 10 and Fig. 13 shows the case of the spur gear type rotating gear 5 including two gear segments and belonging to the plane gear transmission mechanism, and FIG. 4, FIG. 9, FIG. And Figure 13 also shows that there are two gear segments and belong to the plane gear transmission.
  • the spur gear type fixed gear 4 of the mechanism wherein the fixed gear 4 includes a first fixed gear segment 4a and a second fixed gear segment 4b, the rotating gear 5 includes a first rotating gear segment 5a and a second rotation The tooth segment 5b, and the first rotating gear segment 5a in the same associated pair only meshes with the first fixed gear segment 4a, and the second rotating gear segment 5b only with the second fixed gear segment 4b Engagement, where the modulus of the first fixed gear segment 4a and the first rotating gear segment 5a and the modulus of the second fixed gear segment 4b and the second rotating gear segment 5b may be the same (at this time their teeth)
  • the fixed gear 4 may also be different (in this case, their tooth shapes are different, not shown in the drawing), the number of teeth of the first fixed tooth segment 4a and the second fixed gear segment 4b.
  • the number of teeth may be equal or unequal, the number of teeth of the first rotating gear segment 5a and the number of teeth of the second rotating gear segment 5b may be equal or unequal, and the fixed gear 4 will have two gear axes.
  • the fixed gear axis O4b (shown in Figures 9 and 13) and the rotating gear 5 will also have two gear axes, i.e., the first rotating gear axis O5a corresponding to the first rotating gear segment 5a and the corresponding second rotation.
  • the second rotational gear axis O5b of the tooth segment 5b (shown in Figures 9, 10 and 13).
  • the spur gear type fixed gear 4 and the rotating gear 5 of the gear transmission mechanism are exemplified, and it is assumed that the pitch radius of the first fixed gear tooth segment 4a and the first rotating gear tooth segment 5a which are in meshing with each other are R a and r a , respectively ( Referring to Fig. 13), and when the shin guard 2 is rotated by an angle ⁇ a with respect to the hood body 1 during their engagement, the first rotational gear axis O5a is rotated by the central angle ⁇ a (parameters ⁇ a and ⁇ a in the figure).
  • the axial trajectory of the rotary gear 5 will be composed of two trajectories, which are respectively the first Rotating the first axis trajectory L1 formed by the first rotating gear axis O5a of the tooth segment 5a and the second axis trajectory L2 formed by the second rotating gear axis O5b of the second rotating gear segment 5b (see figure 9 and FIG.
  • the first rotation gear segment 5a in order to ensure that the shin guard 2 does not have a jump-like abrupt change during the handover of the two different tooth segments, so that the shin guard 2 can smoothly pass through the handover zone, the first rotation gear segment 5a can be made
  • the first rotating gear axis O5a is coincident with the second rotating gear axis O5b of the second rotating gear segment 5b (as shown in FIGS. 9, 10 and 13), that is, the first rotating gear segment 5a and the first The two rotating gear segments 5b have the same gear axis (O5a, O5b); in addition, in order to ensure that the shin guard 2 has good smoothness during the handover of the two different tooth segments, the first rotating gear teeth can be made.
  • the first axis trajectory L1 of the segment 5a and the second axis of the second rotating wheel segment 5b The locus L2 has an intersection Q, and the first axial locus L1 and the second axial locus L2 are tangent at the intersection Q (as shown in FIGS.
  • the first axial locus L1 at the intersection Q and The second axial locus L2 has and has only one common tangent; it is apparent that for the first rotating tooth segment 5a and the second rotating gear segment 5b having the same gear axis (O5a, O5b), The first axial locus L1 of the first rotating gear segment 5a and the second axial locus L2 of the second rotating gear segment 5b naturally have an intersection Q, in particular if the first rotating gear segment 5a and the second rotating wheel If the tooth segment 5b has an equal pitch circle radius at this moment, the number of intersection points Q will reach an infinite number, and the rotating gear 5 will be degenerated into a gear with only one segment of the tooth segment; it is worth noting that the two-stage wheel
  • the fixed gear 4 and the rotating gear 5 of the teeth, the respective tooth segment portions thereof may adopt a discontinuous design layout, that is, the first fixed gear tooth segment 4a and the second fixed gear tooth segment 4b may be in a misaligned layout, that is, the first
  • the first rotating gear segment 5a and the second rotating gear segment 5b may also be misaligned, that is, the first rotating gear segment 5a and the second rotating gear segment 5b are not directly butted together ( Referring to FIG. 4, FIG. 7 to FIG. 10, FIG. 13), of course, the fixed gear 4 and the rotating gear 5 having two teeth can also adopt a continuous design layout, that is, the first fixed gear segment 4a.
  • the second fixed gear segment 4b can be butt jointed (not shown), and the first rotating gear segment 5a and the second rotating gear segment 5b can also be butt-joined together (not shown).
  • a circular arc groove 7 can be formed on the base 3 or/and the helmet body 1 (as shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 11 and FIG. 13), at this time, the circular arc groove 7 can restrain the shaft head 5c of the rotating gear 5 by its two rail sides 7a, and accordingly participate in restraining the movement of the rotating gear 5, thereby rotating the gear 5
  • the fixed gear 4 is in meshing contact with the echoing gear 4, and the optimal structure of the shaft 5c is a cylindrical surface (see Figs. 4, 7 and 8) because the cylindrical surface can better adapt to the shaft head 5c and the arc groove 7.
  • FIG. 4 the optimal structure of the shaft 5c is a cylindrical surface (see Figs. 4, 7 and 8) because the cylindrical surface can better adapt to the shaft head 5c and the arc groove 7.
  • the circular arc groove 7 on the outer cover 3b is engaged with the shaft head 5c; when the circular arc groove 7 is opened on the bottom support 3, the circular arc groove 7 can be opened only separately.
  • the cover 3b can also be opened on both the outer cover 3b and the bottom cover 3a at the same time; it should be noted that the circular arc groove 7 can be a through groove-like structure (as shown in FIG. 4) or a sinking groove that does not pass through. a structure (not shown), and the groove-like structure and the sinker-like structure may coexist.
  • a circular groove 7 having a groove-like structure may be formed on the outer cover 3b.
  • a circular groove 7 (not shown) having a groove-like structure is formed on the bottom cover 3a.
  • the best form is that the outer cover 3b and the bottom cover 3a of the bottom 3 are provided with a groove-like structure.
  • the circular arc groove 7 (shown in FIG. 4) and the shaft ends 5c of the same rotating gear 5 are respectively matched with the shaft head 5c, so that the movement stability of the rotating gear 5 can be better restrained and maintained;
  • the arcuate groove 7 formed in the outer cover 3b is preferably a channel-like structure (as shown in FIGS. 4 and 14), so that the structure in which the fork 2a is coupled with the rotating gear 5 is simplified.
  • the arc groove 7 on the outer cover 3b is preferably arranged such that the shin guard 2 can effectively block the circular arc groove 7 in the full helmet position or the half helmet position as much as possible so that it does not appear exposed (ie, When the helmet is viewed from the outside, the arcuate groove 7) will be less visible or even completely obscured.
  • the structure layout can effectively reduce the buzzing noise generated by the gap when the airflow flows through the helmet body 1; Yes, the optimal structural form of the circular arc groove 7 is: the circular arc groove 7 is divided by the axial movement trajectory of the rotating gear 5 In other words, the middle line of the circular arc groove 7 is the rotational gear axis trajectory L (see FIG.
  • the circular groove 7 constrains the two rail sides 7a of the reciprocating movement of the shaft head 5c to become the rotational gear axis trajectory.
  • the equidistant sides of L are respectively disposed beside the two sides of the rotational gear axis locus L (as shown in FIG. 11).
  • the first axial locus L1 of the first rotating gear segment 5a and the second axial locus L2 of the second rotating gear segment 5b are each a bisector of the two rail edges 7a of the circular arc slot 7, that is, the two The rail edges 7a are equally spaced apart on both sides thereof (see Fig.
  • the arcuate slots 7 can be separately opened on the bottom cover 3a (not shown) or separately It is opened on the outer cover 3b (not shown), and can also be opened on the bottom cover 3a and the outer cover 3b at the same time (as shown in FIG. 4).
  • an elastic locking structure 8 shown in FIG. 4 may be disposed on the shoe 3, or an elastic locking structure 8 (not shown) may be disposed on the helmet body 1.
  • the layout position of the elastic locking structure 8 corresponds to the two ends of the circular arc groove 7, wherein the two ends of the circular arc groove 7 respectively correspond to the full helmet position and the half helmet position of the shin guard 2, and the elastic locking structure 8 is composed of an elastic strip 8a and a reserved slit 8b (see Figs. 4 and 13), wherein the elastic strip 8a slightly protrudes into the circular arc groove 7 and the groove width is slightly smaller than the diameter of the shaft head 5c of the rotating gear 5
  • the function of the reserved slit 8b is to reserve a certain elastic deformation relief space for the elastic strip 8a.
  • the shaft head 5c of the rotating gear 5 must press the elastic strip 8a and elastically deform it before passing through the circular arc groove.
  • the present invention employs a gear mechanism to constrain the trajectory and behavior of the shin guard 2, and can reliably convert the shin guard 2 between the position of the full helmet structure and the position of the half helmet structure and maintain the uniqueness of the geometric trajectory. Reversibility; at the same time, the integrity of the overall structure of the shoe 3 and the shin guard 2 is maintained because no more through-slot structure is required, thereby ensuring the high strength and high strength of these helmet core components.
  • the use of the above-mentioned restraining mechanism can reduce or even completely eliminate the exposed slot on the surface of the helmet, thereby reducing the flow of the airflow flowing through the surface of the helmet body 1 Sounds noise and reduces the possibility of rainwater intrusion, which can greatly improve the wearing comfort of the helmet; in addition, the structural integrity of the shoe 3 and the shin guard 2 is improved and the assembly difficulty is reduced, and the gear meshing It is also a precise and reliable restraint structure, so it can effectively improve the quality and reliability of the helmet.
  • the helmet can be provided with a shield 6 (as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6), and the shield 6 can be installed. It can effectively block dust and rain, and can also avoid the oncoming wind blowing eyes, so it can effectively improve the safety and comfort of driving; it should be noted that the shield 6 can be changed position relative to the helmet body 1. It can be opened or buckled as needed, and can play the above protection when it is in the buckled state, and can perform drinking, talking, etc. when it is in the open position; the shield 6 in the present invention
  • the main body is a lens made of a transparent material, and the shield 6 of the present invention further comprises two legs 6a.
  • the cover 6 in the present invention means that the part includes a lens and two legs.
  • the assembly of 6a, the shield 6 is mounted on the helmet body 1 (as shown in Figure 4) or on the shoe 3 (not shown) by its two legs 6a, the shield 6 being able to be opposed to
  • the main body of the helmet is oscillated or rotated at a certain angle, and the shield 6
  • the helmet of the present invention 2 is a variable structure type ankle 2, that is, its positional layout can be converted between the position of the full helmet structure and the position of the half helmet structure as needed, in order to ensure that the ankle guard 2 can be smoothly turned from the full helmet structure position to the half helmet
  • the shin guard 2 of the present invention must be able to span the shroud
  • Figure 12 provides the trajectory T of the lip tip M of the shin guard 2 (this trajectory T can be seen as being distributed over the middle facet P), in fact the lip tip M falls on the intercept line S3 (see Figure 4). And the lip tip M begins during the operation of the ankle guard 2 It is cut by the middle facet P, and it is noted that the trajectory line T is the inner envelope of the trajectory set of the cut surface of the shin guard 2 which is cut by the middle facet P (ie, the shin guard 2 closest to the helmet body 1).
  • the trajectory envelope so that the shield 6 of the present invention is completed at the maximum as long as the shield 6 is completely within the trajectory T by the cut planes of the middle face P in the maximum cleavage position and they do not intersect.
  • the layout in which the open position does not interfere with the shin guard 2 the present invention is in accordance with this principle to carry out the trajectory planning of the shin guard 2 and thereby implement the layout of the maximum cleavage position of the shield 6.
  • the shield 6 of the present invention is supported by the two legs 6a on the helmet body 1 or on the shoe 3, and the shield 6 can be fixed in order to facilitate the opening and closing of the shield 6.
  • Two-dimensional rotation within the amplitude range ie, a simple rotation of the split motion, as shown in Figures 4 and 17
  • planar motion is preferred; in particular, the present invention can design the split motion of the shield 6 as a fixed-axis rotational motion, that is, the shield 6 has at least one leg 6a with a fixed-axis shield rotation center O6.
  • the shield 6 can be rotated around the shield rotation center O6 at a certain angle (as shown in FIGS. 4 and 17), where the shield rotation center O6 is stationary relative to the helmet body 1 and will be protected.
  • the advantages of the splitting and snagging action of the cover 6 being set to the fixed axis rotation are as follows: firstly, the support structure and layout of the shield 6 can be simplified, and secondly, the movement arrangement of the shield 6 can be simplified and the trajectory planning of the shin guard 2 can be simplified; It should be noted that when the splitting motion of the shield 6 is designed to be fixed-axis rotation, in order to obtain a reliable rotational support and to avoid motion interference, the two legs 6a of the shield 6 should each be provided with a shield rotation.
  • the driving spring 9 adopts a torsion spring structure as a preferred form, because the spring of the form occupies a small space, which is advantageous for the compact design of the helmet; further, it should be noted that the driving force of the driving spring 9 to the shroud 6 may be a pulling force.
  • Form can also be pressure form or even The form of thrust, torque may also form in addition, for the use of the drive spring 9, the torsion spring structure is of course the torsion is generated in the form of the shroud 6 is biased manner on the best form.
  • the present invention is provided with a corresponding locking cam 10, a locking cam 11 and a locking spring 12 on the helmet in order to accommodate the presently-deflected state of the shield 6 and to be able to lock it in the buckled position (see Figure 4).
  • FIG. 17 wherein the locking cam 10 and the shroud 6 are fastened to each other (not shown) or the locking cam 10 and the shroud 6 are made in a single structure (in FIGS. 4 and 17, the latch is used).
  • the cam 10 and the leg 6a of the shroud 6 are integrally formed, and the lock cam 11 and the lock spring 12 are mounted on the helmet body 1 or/and the shoe 3 (shown in FIGS. 4 and 17).
  • the lock cam 11 and the lock spring 12 are both mounted on the helmet body 1), and the lock cam 11 can generate a certain displacement movement or/and rotational swing with respect to the helmet body 1, and the function of the lock spring 12 It is a normal state that the lock cam 11 is engaged with the lock cam 10, and the cover 6 can be locked in the buckle position when the shield 6 is buckled, and the lock spring 12 can be a torsion spring (see FIGS. 4 and 17). (also shown), may also be a cylindrical spring (not shown), in addition to other forms of springs such as by deformation Elastic force leaf springs, leaf springs, rod springs, etc.
  • the lock spring 12 is preferably in the form of a torsion spring structure; it should be noted that the shield 6 is in a buckled state. Or in the position of the buckle, it means that the shield 6 is in a position relative to the helmet body 1 : the shield 6 is located in front of the driver's eyes and nose and is in a position to shield the eyes of the driver.
  • the sliding position of the shroud 6 also includes at least two states: one state is that the lower edge 6b of the shroud 6 fits over the shin guard 2 On the lip 2b, the shield 6 has the best rain, wind and sand protection effect at this time; the other state is the lower edge 6b of the shield 6 and the lip of the shin guard 2 2b has a certain gas permeable slit 6c (as shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16). At this time, the air venting slit 6c can be used to introduce a small amount of air blown from the inner wall of the shield 6 and the main body of the helmet body 1 due to breathing.
  • the shroud 6 of the present invention is in a state of being in a falling position; the function of the locking cam 11 is to maintain the shroud 6 by the engagement with the locking cam 10 or The lock 6 can be opened by locking the engagement of the lock cam 11 with the lock cam 10 by other mechanisms or by other means, if necessary.
  • the helmet of the present invention can also be unlocked according to the need of the lock cam 11 and the lock cam 10 being engaged or not engaged, and the unlocking member 13 can be disposed. And unlocking the cam 14, wherein the unlocking cam 14 is a separate piece and fastened to the locking cam 11 (not shown), or the unlocking cam 14 and the locking cam 11 are integrally formed (as shown in FIGS. 4 and 17).
  • the unlocking member 13 is driven by the yoke 2 fork 2a or driven by the rotating gear 5, and it is noted that the fork 2a of the shin 2 is interlocked with the rotating gear 5, that is, the unlocking member 13 can be
  • the movement process of the shin guard 2 drives the unlocking cam 14 and thus the locking cam 11 so that the unlocking action of the locking cam 11 and the locking cam 10 in the locked state can be made to be disengaged when necessary;
  • the unlocking member 13 is driven by the shin guard 2 fork 2a or driven by the rotation gear 5, a substantial unlocking action can be generated, that is, the lock cam 11 and the lock cam 10 which are in the engaged state are unlocked (see FIG.
  • the unlocking action at this time belongs to an empty motion or a redundant motion, which does not hinder the normal operation of the shin guard 2; in particular, it should be pointed out that the present invention is In the shroud 6 in the locked position and in the locked state, the unlocking action can also be completed by the direct driving of the shin guard 2, at which time the shin guard 2 must be in the full helmet structure position and the shroud 6 is in the sliding position ( The state shown in Figures 4 and 17 is in response to this situation), with the driver's hand pulling the shin guard 2 and moving it from the full-helmet position to the half-helmet position, the shin guard 2 will contact the shield 6 Lower edge 6b and thereby forcibly driving the shield 6 The movement is opened, and when the shield 6 is moved, the lock cam 11 is pressed by the lock cam 10 interlocking therewith, and the lock spring 12 is pressed by the lock cam 11 and the lock spring 12 is caused to retreat.
  • the present invention is specifically arranged to return the shin guard 2 from the position of the half helmet to the position of the full helmet.
  • the unlocking member 13 completes at least a complete unlocking action on the locking cam 11 and the locking cam 10, so as to avoid the situation that the guard 2 is half-finished.
  • the position of the helmet structure returns to the position of the full-helmet structure.
  • the shield 6 remains and remains in the buckle position. At this time, it is highly likely that the guard 6 will hit the shield 6 during the fall of the guard 2, thereby causing protection.
  • the cover 6 and the shin guard 2 are damaged, in particular, the lens of the shield 6 is damaged; therefore, the present invention arranges the shin guard 2 in the half helmet
  • the unlocking member 13 completes the complete unlocking action of the locking cam 11 and the locking cam 10 at least once in the first third of the whole process of returning to the full helmet position, that is, giving the shield 6 sufficient response time.
  • the shield 6 is sectioned by the middle facet P when it is at the maximum cleave position.
  • the unlocking member 13 of the present invention can have various structures, for example, the unlocking member 13 can be configured as a swinging rod structure (not shown): wherein the swinging rod is pivoted, and a trigger pin and a chute are arranged on the swinging rod.
  • the trigger pin can trigger the unlocking cam 14 , and the sliding groove is in a motion fit (not shown) disposed on the rotating gear.
  • the chute can be driven by the lug to drive
  • the swinging lever performs an oscillating motion, that is, the unlocking member makes an unlocking action;
  • the unlocking member 13 may be provided as a cylindrical pin and the axis of the cylindrical pin is coaxially arranged with the axis of the rotating gear 5 (as shown in FIG. 4, FIG.
  • the cylindrical pins are fastened to the rotating gear 5 or they are made in one piece, in which case the cylindrical pin can in fact be an extension member of the shaft head 5c of the rotating gear 5, and the unlocking member 13 is set to
  • the practice of the cylindrical pin can simplify the structure of the unlocking member 13 to the utmost and has the simplest driving step, and thus is the unlocking member 13 of a superior structural form.
  • the invention can make the shield 6 have different positions of the buckle: 1) For example, when it is necessary to avoid dust interference and avoid rainwater interference, the shield 6 and the ankle guard 2 need to have a good sticker. Synthesizing, as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig.
  • the lower edge 6b of the shield 6 and the lip 2b of the shin guard 2 in a position to be fitted; 2) For example, when it is necessary to disperse the water mist generated on the shield 6 and the helmet body 1 due to the driver's breathing, or because the driver needs a little external cooling wind to reduce the heat in the helmet, The cover 6 is opened to disengage the lower edge 6b from the lip 2b of the shin 2 and form a certain venting slit 6c (this state is shown in FIGS.
  • the present invention allows the locking cam 11 and the locking cam 10 to have two kinds of meshing locking states: the first locking state is that the shroud 6 is locked at The falling position and the lower edge 6b of the shield 6 are brought into contact with the lip 2b of the shin guard 2 (as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2), and the second locking state is that the shield 6 is locked at the buckle position.
  • the first locking state is that the shroud 6 is locked at The falling position and the lower edge 6b of the shield 6 are brought into contact with the lip 2b of the shin guard 2 (as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2)
  • the second locking state is that the shield 6 is locked at the buckle position.
  • the lock cam 10 includes and includes only one convex tooth configuration, and at the same time, the lock cam 11 is provided with two convex teeth with the lock cam 10 Constructing a corresponding concave tooth configuration (not shown), the convex tooth configuration of the locking cam 10 and the concave tooth configuration of the locking cam 11 can be engaged and have two kinds of meshing combinations, one of which corresponds to a combination The first type of locking state, the other combination corresponds to the second type of locking state; 2) the locking cam 10 includes two convex tooth configurations, and at the same time, the locking convexity 11 is provided with two catch cams The convex tooth configuration corresponding to the ten-tooth configuration (as shown in FIGS.
  • the locking cam 10 includes And only one concave tooth configuration is included, at the same time the locking cam 11 is provided with two convex tooth configurations (not shown) corresponding to the concave tooth configuration of the locking cam 10, the concave of the locking cam 10
  • the tooth structure and the convex tooth structure of the locking cam 11 can be engaged and have two kinds of meshing combinations, one combination corresponding to the first locking state and the other combination corresponding to the second locking state;
  • the lock The buckle cam 10 includes two concave tooth configurations, while the lock cam 11 is provided with two convex tooth configurations (not shown) corresponding to the concave tooth configuration of the lock cam 10, when the lock cam 10 is The two concave tooth configurations
  • Figure 17 shows the process in which the locking cam 11 and the locking cam 10 are locked from the first locking state to the second locking state until they are completely unlocked:
  • Figure 17 (a) corresponds to the first locking state ⁇
  • Figure 17 (b) corresponding to the second locking state ⁇
  • Fig. 17 (c) corresponds to the fully unlocked state, it should be noted that, in Fig. 17, the structure and the engagement group of the locking cam 11 and the locking cam 10 are assigned to The second of the various combinations listed is in engagement.
  • the retarding member may be a spring (not shown), a special airbag (not shown), or a damper strip (not shown)
  • the retarding member constructed by the damper strip has the simplest structure, and it may be a gradually elevated dyke-like structure, so that the leg 6a gradually merges with the retarding member during the elastic lifting process of the shield 6 Large contact resistance to achieve damping damping.
  • the shin guard 2 can be passed over the lower edge 6b of the shroud 6 when the shroud 6 is in the maximum squirt position, and may be in the pedestal 3 or/and the hood body. 1 is provided with an expansion structure, which may be a boss or a ridge with a wedge-shaped configuration raised relative to the surface of the shoe 3 or the body 1 of the helmet body, which can force the outer portion of the fork 2a to elastically deform to help protect
  • the lip 2b of the crucible 2 smoothly climbs over the lower edge 6b (not shown) of the shield 6 in the open state, and when the ankle 2 begins to climb over the shield 6, the ankle 2 will come into contact with the expansion configuration.
  • the fork 2a will exhibit the effect of the outer tension, so that the elastic deformation of the fork 2a can be expanded to make the edge of the widest part of the guard 2 and the shield 6 not occur. Interference, thereby achieving the purpose of smoothly helping the shin guard 2 to climb over the shield 6; it should be noted that the widest portion of the shield 6 refers to the middle facet P of the helmet body 1, at which time the two shins 2 The width of the shroud 6 exhibited by the forks 2a at the farthest portion from the middle facet P.
  • the outstanding advantage of the present invention over the prior art is that by using a gear-constrained structure and manner, it is possible to reliably convert the ankle guard 2 between the full-helmet position and the half-helmet position and maintain the uniqueness of its geometrical trajectory. Reversible. On the one hand, the integrity of the overall structure of the base 3 and the shin guard 2 is maintained, thereby ensuring that the core components of the helmet have high strength and high rigidity, thereby effectively improving the safety of the helmet; on the other hand, the safety is greatly reduced.
  • the exposed slot on the surface of the main body 1 of the helmet shell is completely eliminated, thereby greatly reducing the buzzing noise generated by the airflow flowing through the surface of the helmet shell, thereby effectively improving the wearing comfort of the helmet; Because the structural integrity of the shoe 3 and the shin 2 is improved and the assembly difficulty is lowered, and the gear meshing is a reliable restraining structure, the quality reliability of the helmet can be effectively improved.

Landscapes

  • Helmets And Other Head Coverings (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，包括一个盔壳主体（1）、一个护颚（2）和两个底托（3），护颚（2）具有两个设置在盔壳主体（1）两侧的叉把（2a），两个底托（3）布局在盔壳主体（1）的两侧面，在盔壳主体（1）两侧设置有两个相对不动的固定齿轮（4）、两个随护颚（2）一起运动的转动齿轮（5），盔壳主体（1）同一侧的底托（3）、叉把（2a）、固定齿轮（4）及转动齿轮（5）组成一个关联副；护颚（2）通过叉把（2a）带动转动齿轮（5）运动、固定齿轮（4）促使转动齿轮（5）的位置及相位改变，护颚（2）在转动齿轮（5）的约束下位置及姿态改变以适应全盔和半盔的转换。能够保持底托及护颚整体结构的完整性，有效提高头盔的可靠性、安全性。

Description

一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔 技术领域
本发明涉及一种保护人体头部安全的头盔，具体地说涉及一种可供机动车、赛车以及飞行器驾驶员佩戴的头盔，更具体地说涉及一种头盔的护颚结构可以根据需要改变位置的头盔。
背景技术
众所周知，机动车、赛车和飞行器的驾驶员都必须佩戴头盔以保护其头部的安全。当下头盔有两种型式：全盔结构头盔和半盔结构头盔，全盔结构型头盔带有一个环抱驾驶员下巴的护颚而半盔头盔则无此护颚；全盔头盔因有护颚而能够更好地保护使用者，半盔头盔则由于结构开放而佩戴更加方便。典型全盔头盔一般包括有盔壳主体、护罩和护颚等部件，其中护罩和护颚均被安装在盔壳主体上，护罩可以根据需要掀开或者扣下，其作用是防止沙尘、雨水等有害颗粒及雨滴侵入头盔内以保证在不良工况下驾驶员亦能正常驾驶，而护颚的作用则是当发生意外碰撞时能够有效保护驾驶员的下巴和嘴鼻等重要器官不受到伤害。传统型全盔头盔的护颚与盔壳主体为一体结构的制作方式，亦即护颚相对于盔壳主体是固定不动的。毫无疑问，传统型全盔头盔的这种一体式结构比较牢固，因而具有足够的安全性；但是，一体结构的全盔头盔却存在有使用不方便和生产制作困难等缺陷：从使用的角度看，当驾驶员需要进行喝水、通话等诸如此类的行为时就必须要取下头盔才能完成相应的动作，此时传统全盔头盔就显得十分呆滞和不便；而另一方面，从生产制作的角度出发，一体式全盔头盔的生产模具因存在护颚下巴结构而显得非常复杂，故其制造成本非常高昂。显然，传统型的一体结构全盔头盔无法兼顾安全、便利和低成本等多目标的需求。鉴于此，西班牙专利申请ES2329494T3公开了一种护颚结构可以改变的头盔，另外中国发明专利ZL201010538198.0亦提出了一种可以实现全盔结构与半盔结构相互转换的可变护颚结构型头盔，这两种可变护颚结构头盔的共同特点是：首先护颚与盔壳主体采用分离结构因而能够降低头盔的生产制作成本，其次护颚可以根据需要从全盔结构的位置掀开翻越即使是处在打开位置的护罩而成为半盔头盔，该功能的获得主要是利用设置在底托和护颚叉把上的槽缝状轨槽以及与该槽缝状轨槽作运动配合的约束钉来对护颚的位置及姿态进行动态控制，换句话说实现护颚结构的改变完全依赖具有穿通特质的轨槽来对其实施约束。毋庸置疑，以上两种头盔采用可变护颚结构的方案路线，较好地处置了便利和低成本的多目标需求，由此推动了头盔技术的进步。
然而，虽然上述两款可变护颚结构头盔的优势不言而喻，但由于它们采用的是槽缝状轨槽的结构方案，因而其带来的弊端亦是非常突出的，具体表现为：1)穿通特质轨槽的存在必然会导致头盔安全性的下降，比如西班牙专利申请ES2329494T3所公开的可变护颚结构头盔就在其底托及护颚的下巴上均开设有多 条扁平状的约束轨槽，而中国专利ZL201010538198.0也在其底托上开设有类似的扁平状轨槽，显然过多的轨槽缝隙状结构必然会破坏相应部件的结构强度与刚度，原因在于它一方面必然会破坏结构布局的整体性，另一方面它带来了应力的集中，毫无疑问轨槽方案会削弱这些重要部件的刚度和强度，从而导致头盔安全性的明显下降；2)穿通特质轨槽的存在必然会导致头盔宜人性的下降，众所周知，在驾驶员佩戴头盔驾驶机动车行驶的过程当中，必然会产生很强大的相对气流吹拂头盔，由于存在多条缝隙状的轨槽，以致无法完全遮盖而大部分呈现对外暴露的状态，当吹拂头盔的气流经过这些轨槽的表面时就会产生很大的气流蜂鸣噪声，行车速度越快其所派生出的噪声强度就会越高，注意到轨槽就布局在驾驶员两侧的耳朵旁，由此必然会严重影响到驾驶员行车的舒适性；另外开放状的轨槽还无法抵御雨水的入侵，在雨天下行驶时不仅会严重影响驾驶员的情绪，甚至会严重干扰驾驶员的驾驶安全，更遑论增加驾驶的乐趣，因而体验感很差，可见当前具有轨槽特征的可变护颚头盔会导致宜人性的严重下降；3)穿通特质轨槽的存在必然会导致头盔可靠性的下降，一方面如前所述缝隙状的轨槽会严重削弱护颚及底托这些重要部件的刚度和强度，从而导致头盔产品的可靠性下降，另一方面缝隙状的轨槽还会增加头盔装配的复杂性，从而导致装配难度的大幅上升，这是由于轨槽的分隔影响，不仅增加了零部件的数量，而且其装配工序的复杂度亦大幅上升，调整更加困难，同时缝隙状轨槽与动钉构成的约束副属于不精确的运动副，其配合间隙难以控制而极易造成护颚运动稳定性的下降，可见无论是零部件的强度及刚度下降还是数量及装配难度的上升、抑或是轨槽与动钉配合间隙的一致性难以保证，其最终结果都将反映到头盔质量的可靠性下降。
综上，现有技术中利用轨槽约束可变护颚结构的头盔，虽然能够实现护颚在全盔位置与半盔位置之间进行结构转换，但同时也确实在安全性、舒适性以及可靠性等方面存在有诸多隐患和不足，因此仍然有必要对其做进一步的改进与提升。
发明内容
针对现有可变护颚结构型头盔存在的上述问题，本发明提供一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，目的在于：通过原理创新和结构改进，一方面有效提高头盔的使用安全性，另一方面有效提高头盔的佩戴舒适性，同时有效提高头盔的质量可靠性。
本发明的目的是这样来实现的：一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，它包括有一个盔壳主体、一个护颚和两个底托，所述护颚具有两个分置在盔壳主体两侧旁的叉把，所述两个底托被分别布局在盔壳主体的两侧面，并且这些底托被紧固安装在盔壳主体上、或者这些底托与盔壳主体为一体结构制作；其特征在于：设置有两个相对于盔壳主体不动的固定齿轮，所述的这两个固定齿轮被分置在盔壳主体的两侧旁，另外设置有两个跟随护颚一起运动的转动齿轮，所述的这两个转动齿轮亦被分置在盔壳主体的两侧，处在盔壳主体同一侧的底托、叉把、固定齿轮以及转动齿轮一起组成一个关联副；在同一个关联副中，转动齿轮与叉把相互紧固连接或者它们为一体结构制作，护颚通过叉把带动转动齿轮运动，当转动齿轮与固定齿轮发生啮合运动时固定齿轮将促使转动齿轮的位置及相位发生 改变，此时护颚在转动齿轮的约束下亦发生位置及姿态的改变并以此适应全盔结构和半盔结构的转换。
上述固定齿轮和转动齿轮均为圆柱齿轮型式并且它们所组成的啮合机构属于平面齿轮传动机构，其中的固定齿轮为内齿轮、转动齿轮为外齿轮。
上述发生相互啮合的固定齿轮与转动齿轮，其固定齿轮的节圆半径R、转动齿轮的节圆半径r、以及在啮合期间护颚相对于盔壳主体转过角度α时转动齿轮轴心相应转过的圆心角β，所述的这些参数满足约束公式：
Figure PCTCN2016088778-appb-000001
上述布局在同一个关联副中的固定齿轮和底托相互紧固连接或者它们为一体结构制作。
上述固定齿轮包含有第一固定轮齿段和第二固定轮齿段、所述转动齿轮包含有第一转动轮齿段和第二转动轮齿段，同一个关联副中的第一转动轮齿段只与第一固定轮齿段发生啮合、第二转动轮齿段只与第二固定轮齿段发生啮合。
上述在同一个关联副中的第一转动轮齿段的轴心与第二转动轮齿段的轴心重合。
上述在同一个关联副中的第一转动轮齿段的第一轴心轨迹与第二转动轮齿段的第二轴心轨迹在它们的交点处相切。
上述头盔在底托或/和盔壳主体上开设有圆弧槽，所述圆弧槽参与约束转动齿轮的运动并使所约束的转动齿轮与其相应的固定齿轮保持啮合。
上述头盔在底托或/和盔壳主体上设置有弹性锁紧构造，所述弹性锁紧构造的布局位置与圆弧槽的两端头相呼应，其中圆弧槽的两端头分别对应着护颚的全盔位置和半盔位置。
上述头盔设置有护罩，所述护罩在最大掀开位置时其被盔壳主体中分面所剖切断面的集合与护颚在运动期间被盔壳主体中分面剖切断面的轨迹集合全局无交集。
上述护罩的掀开运动为定轴转动运动，并设置有弹升掀开护罩的驱动弹簧。
上述头盔设置有锁扣凸轮、锁止凸轮和锁止弹簧，所述锁扣凸轮与护罩紧固连接或者锁扣凸轮与护罩为一体结构制作，锁止凸轮及锁止弹簧被安装在盔壳主体或/和底托上，锁止弹簧常态促使锁止凸轮与锁扣凸轮啮合并在护罩扣落时可以锁定护罩在其扣落位置上。
上述头盔设置有解锁构件和解锁凸轮，所述解锁凸轮紧固在锁止凸轮上或者解锁凸轮与锁止凸轮为一体结构制作，解锁构件受护颚叉把驱动或受转动齿轮驱动，解锁构件可以根据需要通过驱动解锁凸轮进而驱动锁止凸轮来对锁定状态的锁止凸轮与锁扣凸轮做出脱开啮合的解锁动作。
上述头盔在护颚由半盔位置复返回全盔位置的全进程的前三分之一行程过程中，所述解锁构件至少对锁止凸轮与锁扣凸轮完成一次完整的解锁动作。
上述解锁构件为圆柱销并且该圆柱销的轴线与转动齿轮的轴线同轴设置，所述圆柱销与转动齿轮紧固连接或者它们为一体结构制作。
上述头盔对应护罩在扣落位置，所述锁止凸轮与锁扣凸轮存在有两种啮合锁 止状态，第一种锁止状态为护罩被锁止在扣落位置且护罩的下边缘与护颚的唇边出现贴合，第二种锁止状态为护罩被锁止在扣落位置但护罩的下边缘与护颚的唇边之间存在有透气缝隙。
上述头盔在底托或/和盔壳主体上设置有用于减缓护罩弹升末端冲击的延缓构件。
上述头盔在底托或/和盔壳主体上设置有迫使叉把外张弹性变形以帮助护颚唇边顺利翻越掀开状态下护罩下缘边的胀开构造。
本发明一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，它通过采用齿轮约束的结构及方式，能够可靠地使护颚在全盔位置与半盔位置之间进行转换并保持其几何轨迹的唯一性和可逆性。一方面底托及护颚整体结构的完整性得以保持，籍此保证了这些头盔核心部件具有高的强度与高的刚度，从而有效提高了头盔的使用安全性；另一方面大幅减少乃至完全消除盔壳表面的外露槽缝，籍此大幅度地减少了气流流经盔壳表面所派生的蜂鸣噪声，从而有效提高了头盔的佩戴舒适性；另外由于底托和护颚的结构完整性提高且装配难度下降，而齿轮啮合属可靠的约束结构，因此可以有效提高头盔的质量可靠性。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔的轴测视图；
图2是图1所示本发明一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔处在全盔结构状态时的侧面示意图；
图3是图1所示本发明一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔处在半盔结构状态时的侧面示意图；
图4是图1所示本发明一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔的爆炸示意图；
图5是本发明一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔其护颚由全盔结构位置变化至半盔结构位置的过程状态示意图；
图6是本发明一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔其护颚由半盔结构位置复返回全盔结构位置的过程状态示意图；
图7是本发明一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔转动齿轮与叉把相互紧固连接的轴测视图；
图8是图7所示转动齿轮与叉把所构成连接组件的爆炸示意图；
图9是本发明一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔转动齿轮与固定齿轮均为两段轮齿段形式的圆柱齿轮并相互啮合的示意图；
图10是图9所示转动齿轮与固定齿轮分别呼应护颚处在全盔结构位置状态、中间某个结构位置状态和半盔结构位置状态时相互啮合示意图；
图11是本发明一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔转动齿轮与固定齿轮均为一段轮齿段形式的圆柱齿轮并相互啮合的示意图；
图12是图11所示实施例转动齿轮与固定齿轮作相互啮合运动时呼应护颚相对盔壳主体运动的几何参数示意图；
图13是本发明一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔转动齿轮与固定齿轮 均为两段轮齿段形式并相互啮合的圆柱齿轮的几何参数示意图；
图14是本发明一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔底托外盖上的圆弧槽与转动齿轮轴头配合的示意图；
图15是本发明一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔其护罩与护颚之间留有透气缝隙的轴测视图；
图16是图15所示护罩与护颚之间留有透气缝隙的侧面示意图；
图17是本发明一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔其护罩解锁过程状态示意图。
具体实施方式
下面以具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述，参见图1-17：
一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，它包括有一个盔壳主体1、一个护颚2和两个底托3，其中底托3可以是一个单一的零件(图中未示出)也可以是由多个零件组成的部件(图4展示的底托3即属于包含有底盖3a和外盖3b的部件)，所述护颚2具有两个分置在盔壳主体1两侧旁的叉把2a，所述两个底托3被分别布局在盔壳主体的两侧面(参见图4)，并且这些底托3被紧固安装在盔壳主体1上或者这些底托3与盔壳主体1为一体结构制作；在这里，盔壳主体1存在有一个中分面P，这个中分面P在驾驶员正常佩戴头盔时经过其嘴、鼻和头颅顶并将驾驶员的左右双眼、左右双耳等分开在它的两边旁，换句话说本发明的中分面P可以视为盔壳主体1的左右对称面(如图1所示)，需要说明的是，这里的护罩6乃由透明材料所制作，其功能是用于在驾驶车辆时防止雨水和沙尘等侵入盔壳主体1内；本发明中所说的“护颚2具有两个分置在盔壳主体1两侧旁的叉把2a”，乃是指这两个叉把2a被中分面P所分隔，并被布置在盔壳主体1的外表面附近或者紧贴着盔壳主体1的外表面，同样地“两个底托3被分别紧固安装在盔壳主体1的两侧面”是指这两个底托3被中分面P所分隔并分别被布置在盔壳主体1的两侧面且与盔壳主体1紧固连接，其中以这两个底托3分别位于盔壳主体1上对应驾驶员佩戴头盔时与驾驶员左右两个耳朵相呼应的部位为最佳布局位置(如图4所示)，而底托3与盔壳主体1的紧固连接可以采用现有已知的各种紧固连接结构和连接方法，尤其包括螺钉紧固连接、螺栓紧固连接、铆钉紧固连接、粘结紧固连接、焊接紧固连接、卡勾紧固连接、卡接紧固连接等各种(包括单一的和组合的)紧固连接结构和连接方式，对于采用塑料类材质制作的盔壳主体1来说，其中的焊接紧固连接可以是加热焊接、超声焊接或者摩擦焊接的形式与做法；特别地本发明中的两个底托3还可以与盔壳主体1采用一体结构制作的结合方式，它包括底托3其底盖3a或/和外盖3b与盔壳主体1为采用一体结构制作的各种情形(图中未示出)；本发明的最大特色在于：为了实现护颚2的结构可变，分别设置有两个相对于盔壳主体1不动的固定齿轮4，所述的这两个固定齿轮4被分置在盔壳主体1的两侧(即被中分面P所分隔)，另外设置有两个跟随护颚2一起运动的转动齿轮5(如图4所示)，所述的这两个转动齿轮5亦被分置在盔壳主体1的两侧(即被中分面P所分隔)，处在盔壳主体1同一侧的底托3、叉把2a、固定齿轮4以及转动齿轮5一起共同组成一个关联副，亦即它们相互之间存在有直接的或者间接 的支撑支承、连接紧固、配合约束、运动传递和受力传承等各种关联关系中的一种或者多种，很显然，本发明头盔中这样的关联副一共有两个，而这两个关联副被分置在头盔中分面P的两侧并分别位于与驾驶员左右两个耳朵相呼应的位置或其附近(参见图4)；在同一个关联副中，转动齿轮5与叉把2a相互紧固连接(如图7和图8所示)或者转动齿轮5与叉把2a为一体结构制作(图中未示出)，另外，转动齿轮5与固定齿轮4发生啮合配合(参见图9至图11)，当驾驶员需要改变护颚2的结构状态以便获得全盔结构头盔或者半盔结构头盔时，他可以用手去扳动或者翻转护颚2并使该护颚2产生相对于盔壳主体1的运动(该运动复合有移动和转动两种动作)，此时护颚2通过叉把2a带动转动齿轮5运动，当转动齿轮5与固定齿轮4发生啮合运动时这个固定齿轮4将促使该转动齿轮5的位置及相位发生改变(即该转动齿轮5相对于盔壳主体1的位置坐标会发生改变、同时转动齿轮5亦相对于盔壳主体1转过一定的角度或者说转动齿轮5相对于盔壳主体1发生了相位的改变)，此时护颚2在转动齿轮5的约束下将会发生相应的位置及姿态的改变并以此适应头盔在全盔结构(参见图2)与半盔结构(参见图3)之间的转换(参见图5和图6)；图5给出了驾驶员将护颚2由全盔结构位置翻转至半盔结构位置的状态过程：其中图5(a)为护颚2处在全盔结构位置→图5(b)为护颚2离开全盔结构位置的初期(此时护罩6被相应弹簧弹升至最高点)→图5(c)为护颚2正在翻越处在最高掀开位置的护罩6→图5(d)为护颚2已越过护罩6及盔壳主体1的最高穹顶点→图5(e)为护颚2回落贴合盔壳主体1并到达半盔结构位置；图6给出了驾驶员将护颚2从半盔结构位置扳动并使其复返回全盔结构位置时的状态过程：其中，图6(a)为护颚2处在半盔结构位置→图6(b)为护颚2离开半盔结构位置初期并尚在全部返程路程的前三分之一进程之内(此时护罩6被解锁并受相应弹簧弹升至最高点)→图6(c)为护颚2正在翻越盔壳主体最高穹顶点→图6(d)为护颚2刚刚翻越完处在最高掀开位置的护罩6→图6(e)为护颚2已经回落至半盔结构位置；图10中给出了转动齿轮5与固定齿轮4不同的啮合位置状态：其中图10(a)的啮合对应着护颚2处在全盔结构位置如图5(a)和图6(e)所示护颚2状态、图10(c)的啮合对应着护颚2处在半盔结构位置如图5(e)和图6(a)所示护颚2状态、图10(b)的啮合则对应着护颚2处在全盔结构位置与半盔结构位置之间中的某一个中间位置；在上述护颚2往返于全盔结构位置与半盔结构位置的过程中，护颚2作往返运动时所形成的几何轨迹可以保持其唯一性和可逆性，换句话说这意味着护颚2在转动齿轮5与固定齿轮4的共同约束下其相对于盔壳主体1的位置及转角均是受控的和可控的、并且是唯一的和可逆的，这个重要特性及缘由为设计和实现头盔在半盔结构与全盔结构之间的转换创造了条件；上述中的全盔结构是指护颚2处在头盔的前面并且将驾驶员的下巴和嘴等器官环抱在其内而使之处在受保护的状态(如图2所示)，而半盔结构是指护颚2处在掀开并翻转至盔壳主体1的顶部(对应驾驶员的颅顶)至后方(对应驾驶员的后脑勺)之间的某一处部位(如图3所示)，只要在该部位时驾驶员的嘴、鼻和眼等器官不受护颚2的遮挡而可以外露的结构状态则此时的头盔即为半盔结构型头盔，显然，护颚2处在半盔结构状态时的头盔可以方便驾驶员完成饮水、通话等诸如此类的 动作；必须指出的是，护颚2的位置移动及姿态改变只要存在有或者包含有上述利用转动齿轮5及固定齿轮4来约束和予以实现的结构与原理，即符合并属于本发明基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔的范畴；另外需要指出的是，本发明中所说的“在这一过程中护颚2在转动齿轮5的约束下亦会发生位置及姿态的改变，此时护颚2作往返运动所形成的几何轨迹可以保持唯一性和可逆性”是指：在转动齿轮5与固定齿轮4发生啮合的运动过程中，由于护颚2受到转动齿轮5的约束而发生位置及姿态的改变，此时护颚2因为产生有相对于盔壳主体1的运动而形成的几何轨迹具有唯一性，即护颚2的运动是确定的并且是唯一的，亦即护颚2的机构自由度有且仅只有一个，而从另外一个角度来说转动齿轮5与固定齿轮4发生啮合的具体点位决定了护颚2的具体位置及姿态、反过来护颚2的某个具体位置及在这个位置的角度姿态又对应着转动齿轮5与固定齿轮4的唯一啮合点位，此外在转动齿轮5与固定齿轮4发生啮合期间，护颚2不论是由全盔位置向半盔位置进发(参见图5)还是由半盔位置向全盔位置复返(参见图6)，当护颚2运行至某一个具体点位时它在该点位相对于盔壳主体1的位置坐标值及姿态角度值均是唯一确定的，此即为所说的具有唯一性，而当护颚2从半盔位置向全盔位置复返时护颚2的几何轨迹能够处处反演其从全盔位置向半盔位置进发时的位置与姿态，或者说护颚2在上述两种正、反趋势的运行中所形成的几何轨迹可以相互再现和重复，亦即它具有可逆性；需要指出的是，本发明中所说的“护颚2作往返运动所形成的几何轨迹可以保持唯一性和可逆性”允许由于制造误差、装配间隙、受力变形等各种因素所造成的些许不精确或者微小的不精准，亦即护颚2作往返运动所形成的几何轨迹允许其出现一定范围内的不影响头盔正常使用的偏差，或者说护颚2几何轨迹的重复性以及唯一性允许其存在有一定的误差，但前提是这些误差不能够影响到护颚2在全盔位置与半盔位置之间的转换。本发明中的中分面P与盔壳主体1、护颚2以及护罩6等构件的外表面存在有相交的截交线S(参见图1和图4)，该截交线S由三部分构成，它们分别是中分面P与盔壳主体1的截交线S1、中分面P与护罩6的截交线S2、中分面P与护颚2的截交线S3，因此截交线S也可以标识为S(S1，S2，S3)；本发明中的固定齿轮4相对于盔壳主体1是静止的或者说是不动的，它有多种结构布局形式：1)固定齿轮4为独立构件并单独地直接紧固安装在盔壳主体1上(图中未示出)；2)固定齿轮4与盔壳主体1为一体结构制作(图中未示出)；3)固定齿轮4为独立构件并同时紧固在盔壳主体1以及底托3上(图中未示出)；4)固定齿轮4为独立件并与底托3采用紧固连接然后再一起固定安装到盔壳主体1上(图中未示出)；5)固定齿轮4与底托3采用一体结构制作然后再固定安装到盔壳主体1上(图4、图9和图10给出的正是固定齿轮4与底托3的底盖3a采用一体结构制作的情形)；在固定齿轮4的上述五种结构布局情形当中，以其后两种情形为较佳结构布局，此时固定齿轮4与底托3为紧固连接或者为一体结构制作，因而在生产头盔时可以事先对同一个关联副中的底托3、叉把2a、固定齿轮4以及转动齿轮5进行预装配，然后再将它们紧固安装到盔壳主体1上，这样可以降低装配的难度从而保证安装质量并可以提高装配的效率；另外，固定齿轮4、转动齿轮5以及底托3的最佳相对 位置布局是：固定齿轮4与转动齿轮5相互啮合并一起布局在底托3的底盖3a与外盖3b之间，亦即底盖3a和外盖3b将固定齿轮4及转动齿轮5加夹在中间(参见图4)。另外需要指出的是，本发明中的固定齿轮4和转动齿轮5可以有多种结构型式，比如是直齿轮结构、斜齿轮结构或者是其他齿轮结构等等，其中以固定齿轮4和转动齿轮5是圆柱齿轮(此时它们的分度圆和节圆均为圆形或者为圆弧形)为最佳结构形式(如图4、图9至图13所示)，当然，为了获得一些特殊的轨迹约束目标和效果，固定齿轮4及转动齿轮5甚至还可以是其它各种非圆柱型齿轮的异形齿轮结构(此时它们相互啮合的节圆可以是椭圆形、多边形或者其它异形，图中未示出)，但不管采用什么形式的齿轮，它们的选择均应以有助于约束护颚2实现全盔结构和半盔结构的转换为准则，而从制作容易以及安装简便的角度出发，固定齿轮4与转动齿轮5的最佳结构型式及组配形式是：固定齿轮4和转动齿轮5均为圆柱齿轮型式，并且它们所组成的啮合机构属于平面齿轮传动机构(即所涉及齿轮的轴线相互平行设置)，其中固定齿轮4为内齿轮构造而转动齿轮5为外齿轮构造(如图4、图9至图13所示)，此时转动齿轮5沿着固定齿轮4作啮合转动时转动齿轮轴心O5的轨迹(即所谓的转动齿轮轴心轨迹L)将呈现为一段圆弧线并且该圆弧线的圆心与所啮合固定齿轮4的固定齿轮轴心O4重合(参见图11和图12)；需要强调的是：本发明中所说的“固定齿轮4和转动齿轮5均同时为圆柱齿轮型式，并且它们所组成的啮合机构属于平面齿轮传动机构”乃是一种包容的说法，即涉及到的固定齿轮4和转动齿轮5的轴线允许存在一定程度的不平行(包括静止状态和运行状态)，亦即由于各种制造误差、装配误差、受力变形和温升变形等原因所导致的固定齿轮4与转动齿轮5在一些点位或者局部区域所出现的轴线不平行现象是可以被允许的，此外还包括考虑到各种造型需要、越障需要、锁位需要等因素而产生的局部区域内出现的固定齿轮4与转动齿轮5轴线的不平行也是被允许的，其中“造型需要”是指护颚2因服从头盔整体外观造型而出现的缘由、“越障需要”是指护颚2在翻越护罩6和盔壳主体1的某些极限点位如最高点、最后点和最宽点等而出现的缘由、“锁位需要”是指护颚2在全盔结构位置和半盔结构位置以及在这些极限位置附近时因为需要跨越某些卡固构件而产生弹性适应变形所出现的缘由，凡是由于上述原因导致的并且在允许误差范围内(即不影响齿轮正常啮合运行的)固定齿轮4与转动齿轮5所出现的轴线不平行现象在本发明中均将其视为属于“固定齿轮4和转动齿轮5所组成的啮合机构属于平面齿轮传动机构”的范畴。为了能够精准地约束护颚2的行为与轨迹，本发明中的固定齿轮4和转动齿轮5的参数可以采用这么一种设计原则，即：对于那些发生相互啮合的固定齿轮4以及转动齿轮5，其固定齿轮4的节圆半径R、转动齿轮5的节圆半径r、以及在它们啮合期间护颚2相对于盔壳主体1转过角度α时转动齿轮轴心O5相应转过的圆心角β(参见图11和图12)，所述这些参数满足约束公式：
Figure PCTCN2016088778-appb-000002
显而易见，相互啮合的固定齿轮4与转动齿轮5它们应该具有相同的模数，而当固定齿轮4和转动齿轮5均同为标准齿轮时，此刻所述固定齿轮4的节圆半径R即为该固定齿轮4的分度圆半径、转动齿轮5的节圆半 径r即为该转动齿轮5的分度圆半径。需要指出的是，本发明中的固定齿轮4既可以为仅有唯一一段轮齿段的齿轮(如图11和图12所示)也可以为包含有若干段轮齿段的齿轮，同样地转动齿轮5既可以为只有一段轮齿段的齿轮(如图11和图12所示)也可以为包含有若干段轮齿段的齿轮，而对于包含有若干段轮齿段的固定齿轮4来说，它们的不同轮齿段之间设计参数(如模数、齿数、分度圆、节圆、轮齿段长度等等)既可以相同也可以不相同(对于包含有若干段轮齿段的转动齿轮5也亦然)，如此安排的好处在于可以根据盔壳主体1的外形需要设计出较优的护颚2轨迹并能增加设计和布局的灵活性；本发明将沿着固定齿轮4作啮合转动时转动齿轮轴心O5的运动轨迹称之为转动齿轮轴心轨迹L(参见图11和图12)，显然，对于属于平面齿轮传动机构且为圆柱齿轮型的固定齿轮4与转动齿轮5的啮合来说，当固定齿轮4仅有一段轮齿段时与其啮合的转动齿轮5亦只仅有一段轮齿段(如图11和图12所示)，此时转动齿轮轴心轨迹L将会是一段圆弧状的连续曲线、并且该转动齿轮轴心轨迹L的弧心就是固定齿轮轴心O4、而且前面提到的转动齿轮轴心O5转过的圆心角β这个参数也是以固定齿轮轴心O4作为参照坐标进行度量的(参见图11和图12)，而对于那些包含有若干段轮齿段固定齿轮4与转动齿轮5的啮合、此时转动齿轮轴心轨迹L将由若干段圆弧状曲线所构成；特别地，当固定齿轮4与转动齿轮5均同为具有两段轮齿段的时候(如图4、图9、图10和图13所示)，可以做到兼顾满足护颚2对结构简单可靠和对复杂轨迹规划的双重需求，图4、图7至图10、图13给出了包含有两个轮齿段并属于平面齿轮传动机构的圆柱齿轮型转动齿轮5的情形，而图4、图9、图10和图13还给出了包含有两个轮齿段并属于平面齿轮传动机构的圆柱齿轮型固定齿轮4的情形：其中，固定齿轮4包含有第一固定轮齿段4a和第二固定轮齿段4b、转动齿轮5包含有第一转动轮齿段5a和第二转动轮齿段5b，并且在同一个关联副中的第一转动轮齿段5a只与第一固定轮齿段4a发生啮合、而第二转动轮齿段5b只与第二固定轮齿段4b发生啮合，在这里第一固定轮齿段4a及第一转动轮齿段5a的模数与第二固定轮齿段4b及第二转动轮齿段5b的模数既可以相同(此时它们的齿形相同，如图9和图10所示)也可以不相同(此时它们的齿形不相同，图中未示出)、第一固定轮齿段4a的齿数与第二固定轮齿段4b的齿数既可以相等也可以不相等、第一转动轮齿段5a的齿数与第二转动轮齿段5b的齿数既可以相等也可以不相等，此外固定齿轮4将会有两个齿轮轴心即对应第一固定轮齿段4a的第一固定齿轮轴心O4a和对应第二固定轮齿段4b的第二固定齿轮轴心O4b(如图9和图13所示)、转动齿轮5亦将会有两个齿轮轴心即对应第一转动轮齿段5a的第一转动齿轮轴心O5a和对应第二转动轮齿段5b的第二转动齿轮轴心O5b(如图9、图10和图13所示)。需要指出的是，对于均具有多个轮齿段并属于平面齿轮传动机构的圆柱齿轮型固定齿轮4与转动齿轮5，它们发生相互啮合的固定轮齿段与转动轮齿段其节圆半径以及在它们在啮合期间护颚2相对于盔壳主体1转过的角度和转动齿轮轴心O5转过的圆心角依然遵循前面给出的参数约束公式，以均具有两个轮齿段并属于平面齿轮传动机构的圆柱齿轮型固定齿轮4与转动齿轮5为例，假设它们作相互啮合的第一固定轮齿段4a与第一转动轮齿段5a的节圆半径分别为Ra和ra(参见 图13)、以及在它们啮合期间护颚2相对于盔壳主体1转过角度αa时相应地第一转动齿轮轴心O5a转过圆心角βa(参数αa和βa在图中未有标示出，但它们的几何定义及意义可以参照并借鉴图12)，则这些参数仍然需要遵循前面给出的参数约束公式亦即需要满足：
Figure PCTCN2016088778-appb-000003
同样地，假设它们相互啮合的第二固定轮齿段4b与第二转动轮齿段5b的节圆半径分别为Rb和rb(参见图13)、以及在它们啮合期间护颚2相对于盔壳主体1转过角度αb时相应地第二转动齿轮轴心O5b转过圆心角βb(参数αb和βb在图中亦未有标示，但它们的几何定义和意义也同样可以参照图12)，则这些参数依然同样需要满足前面给出的参数约束公式亦即需要满足：
Figure PCTCN2016088778-appb-000004
对于那些均具有两个轮齿段并且属于平面齿轮传动机构的圆柱齿轮型的固定齿轮4与转动齿轮5来说，转动齿轮5的轴心轨迹将由两段轨迹线所构成，它们分别是第一转动轮齿段5a的第一转动齿轮轴心O5a所形成的第一轴心轨迹L1和第二转动轮齿段5b的第二转动齿轮轴心O5b所形成的第二轴心轨迹L2(参见图9和图13)，为了保证护颚2在两段不同轮齿段交接期间其位置不发生跳跃式的突变以便使护颚2能够顺利渡过交接区，可以让第一转动轮齿段5a的第一转动齿轮轴心O5a与第二转动轮齿段5b的第二转动齿轮轴心O5b重合在一起(如图9、图10和图13所示)，即第一转动轮齿段5a和第二转动轮齿段5b拥有同一个齿轮轴心(O5a,O5b)；另外，为了保证护颚2在两段不同轮齿段交接期间其运动交接具有良好的平顺性，可以让第一转动轮齿段5a的第一轴心轨迹L1与第二转动轮齿段5b的第二轴心轨迹L2存在交点Q，并且使第一轴心轨迹L1与第二轴心轨迹L2在交点Q处相切(如图9和图13所示)，换言之在交点Q处第一轴心轨迹L1与第二轴心轨迹L2有且仅有唯一的一根公切线；很显然，对于拥有同一个齿轮轴心(O5a,O5b)的第一转动轮齿段5a和第二转动轮齿段5b，其第一转动轮齿段5a的第一轴心轨迹L1与第二转动轮齿段5b的第二轴心轨迹L2天然存在有交点Q，特别地若第一转动轮齿段5a和第二转动轮齿段5b此刻还又具有相等的分度圆半径的话则交点Q的数目将达到无穷多个，这时的转动齿轮5将退化为只有一段轮齿段的齿轮；值得指出的是，两段轮齿的固定齿轮4和转动齿轮5，它们各自的轮齿段部分可以采用不连续的设计布局，即第一固定轮齿段4a与第二固定轮齿段4b可以为错位布局亦即第一固定轮齿段4a与第二固定轮齿段4b没有直接对接连接在一起(参见图4、图9、图10和图13)、相应地第一转动轮齿段5a与第二转动轮齿段5b亦可以为错位布局即第一转动轮齿段5a与第二转动轮齿段5b没有直接对接连接在一起(参见图4、图7至图10、图13)，当然，具有两段轮齿的固定齿轮4和转动齿轮5它们各自的轮齿段也可以采用连续的设计布局即第一固定轮齿段4a与第二固定轮齿段4b可以对接连接在一起(图中未示出)、第一转动轮齿段5a与第二转动轮齿段5b亦可对接连接在一起(图中未示出)。为了能够更好地使转动齿轮5与相应的固定齿轮4保持良好的啮合，可以在底托3或/和盔壳主体1上开设圆弧槽7(如图4、图9、图10、图11和图13所示)，此时圆弧槽7 可以利用其两条轨边7a来约束转动齿轮5的轴头5c，并据此进而参与约束该转动齿轮5的运动，从而使转动齿轮5与其呼应的固定齿轮4保持啮合接触，轴头5c的最佳结构形式是圆柱面(参见图4、图7和图8)，因为圆柱面能更好地适应轴头5c与圆弧槽7之间的滑配，图14给出了外盖3b上的圆弧槽7与轴头5c配合的情形；当圆弧槽7开设在底托3上时，圆弧槽7既可以只单独开设在外盖3b上、也可以同时在外盖3b及底盖3a上均开设；需要说明的是，圆弧槽7可以是穿通的通槽状结构(如图4所示)也可以是不穿通的沉槽状结构(图中未示出)，而且通槽状结构与沉槽状结构可以并存，比如可以在外盖3b上开设通槽状结构的圆弧槽7而与此同时在底盖3a上开设沉槽状结构的圆弧槽7(图中未示出)，最佳形式是底托3的外盖3b及底盖3a上均开设通槽状结构的圆弧槽7(如图4所示)、同时在同一个转动齿轮5的两侧轴端均开设轴头5c分别与之相配、如此能够更好地约束和保持转动齿轮5的运动稳定性；需要说明的是，外盖3b上开设的圆弧槽7最好为通槽状结构(如图4和图14所示)，以便叉把2a与转动齿轮5发生联系的结构更加简化，此时外盖3b上的圆弧槽7其最好的布局是让护颚2无论是在全盔位置还是在半盔位置都能够有效地遮挡住该圆弧槽7而尽量使其不出现外露(即从外部观察头盔时将少看到甚至完全看不到圆弧槽7)，如此结构布局能够有效地减少气流流经盔壳主体1时因缝隙外露而派生出的蜂鸣噪声；另外需要说明的是，圆弧槽7的最佳结构形式是：圆弧槽7以转动齿轮5的轴心运动轨迹线为其中分线，换句话说圆弧槽7的中分线即为转动齿轮轴心轨迹L(参见图11)，此时圆弧槽7约束轴头5c往返运动的两条轨边7a即成为转动齿轮轴心轨迹L的等距边并分置在该转动齿轮轴心轨迹L的两边旁(如图11所示)，当然，如果固定齿轮4和转动齿轮5均为包含有两个轮齿段的齿轮，则第一转动轮齿段5a的第一轴心轨迹L1和第二转动轮齿段5b的第二轴心轨迹L2均是圆弧槽7两条轨边7a的等分线，亦即这两条轨边7a被等距地分置在它们的两边旁(参见图13)；还需要说明的是，圆弧槽7既可以单独开设在底盖3a上(图中未示出)、也可以单独开设在外盖3b上(图中未示出)、还可以同时开设在底盖3a及外盖3b上(如图4所示)。当护颚2处在全盔结构位置或者处在半盔结构位置这两个极限位置时，为了能够有效减少乃至完全消除轴头5c与圆弧槽7之间的间隙以保证锁定护颚2时具有良好的稳定性和牢靠性，可以在底托3上设置弹性锁紧构造8(如图4所示)、也可在盔壳主体1上设置弹性锁紧构造8(图中未示出)，该弹性锁紧构造8的布局位置与圆弧槽7的两端头相呼应，其中圆弧槽7的两端头分别对应着护颚2的全盔位置和半盔位置，弹性锁紧构造8由弹性条8a和预留缝8b所组成(参见图4和图13)，其中弹性条8a略微突入圆弧槽7之内并使该处槽宽稍为小于转动齿轮5的轴头5c的直径、预留缝8b的功用是给弹性条8a预留出一定的弹性变形退让空间，转动齿轮5的轴头5c必须挤压弹性条8a并使之发生弹性变形后才能通过该处的圆弧槽7并最终进入圆弧槽7的端头处(此时对应着护颚2正好处在全盔位置或者处在半盔位置)，一旦转动齿轮5的轴头5c进入到圆弧槽7的端头部位内，弹性条8a会即刻利用其本身的弹性恢复特性而再次突入进圆弧槽7内并卡阻轴头5c而使之不能轻易回退，从而限制了转动齿轮5并使其不能轻易发生窜动，其最 终结果是增强了锁定护颚2在全盔位置和半盔位置这两个极限位置的稳定性。综上，本发明采用齿轮机构去约束护颚2的运动轨迹及行为，能够可靠地使护颚2在全盔结构位置与半盔结构位置之间进行转换并可以保持其几何轨迹的唯一性和可逆性；与此同时，由于无需设置更多的穿通状的槽缝结构，因此底托3及护颚2整体结构的完整性得以保持，从而保证了这些头盔核心部件具有高的强度与高的刚度，由此可以有效提高头盔的使用安全性；另外，上述约束机构的使用还可以减少乃至可以完全消除头盔表面的外露槽缝，由此减少了气流流经盔壳主体1表面所派生的蜂鸣噪声，并降低了雨水侵入的可能性，从而可以大幅提高头盔的佩戴舒适性；此外，还因底托3和护颚2的结构完整性得以提高且其装配难度有所下降，而齿轮啮合又属于精密的和可靠的约束结构，因此可以有效提高头盔的质量可靠性。
本发明为了能够在复杂环境工况下比如出现沙尘雨水天气时也能够保证驾驶员正常驾车行驶，可以在头盔上设置一个护罩6(如图1至图6所示)，安装护罩6可以有效遮挡沙尘及雨水，另外还可以避免迎面风吹拂眼睛，因此能有效提高驾驶的安全性与舒适性；需要说明的是，护罩6相对于盔壳主体1是可以变换位置的，它可以根据需要掀开或者扣落，当其处在扣落状态时可以起到上述保护作用，而当其处在掀开位置时则可以实施喝水、通话等动作；本发明中的护罩6其主体为采用透明材料制作的镜片，另外本发明中的护罩6还包含有两条支腿6a，故本发明中所说的护罩6均指该部件为包括有镜片和两条支腿6a的组合件，护罩6通过其两条支腿6a安装在盔壳主体1上(如图4所示)或者安装在底托3上(图中未示出)，护罩6能够相对于盔壳主体1作一定角度的摆动或转动，护罩6的最佳结构形式是其镜片采用可拆卸的卡接结构卡配在支腿6a上，这样可以更加快捷地安装镜片并且在必要的时候可以更换镜片；如前所述，本发明头盔的护颚2为可变结构型护颚2，亦即它的位置布局可以根据需要在全盔结构位置与半盔结构位置之间进行转换，为了保证护颚2能够顺利从全盔结构位置翻转至半盔结构位置、以及能够从半盔结构位置复返回全盔结构位置，本发明的护颚2必须能够跨越处在最大掀开位置时的护罩6，为此本发明特地通过设计规划来使得护罩6在最大掀开位置时其被盔壳主体1中分面P所剖切断面的集合与护颚2在整个运动期间被盔壳主体1中分面P所剖切断面的轨迹集合全局无交集，图12提供了护颚2的唇尖M的轨迹线T(该轨迹线T可视为分布在中分面P上)，事实上唇尖M就落在截交线S3上(参见图4)，并且该唇尖M在护颚2的运行过程当中始终被中分面P所剖切到，注意到轨迹线T即为护颚2被中分面P所剖切断面的轨迹集合的内包络线(即最贴近盔壳主体1的护颚2的轨迹包络线)，所以只要护罩6在最大掀开位置时其被中分面P所剖切断面全部落在轨迹线T以内且它们不出现相交即可完成本发明护罩6在最大掀开位置与护颚2不发生干涉的布局，本发明正是按照这一原则来进行护颚2的轨迹规划并以此实施护罩6最大掀开位置的布局。
本发明的护罩6通过其两条支腿6a支撑安装在盔壳主体1上或者安装在底托3上，为了能够方便实施护罩6的掀开与扣落，护罩6可以在一定的幅度范围内作二维转动(即单纯转动式的掀开运动，如图4和图17所示)、或者作二维转动并 且复合二维移动的运动(图中未示出)，此外还可以作三维转动和三维移动(图中未示出)，从结构简单的角度出发，以安排支腿6a做等效于二维平面运动的情形为较佳；特别地，本发明可以将护罩6的掀开运动设计为定轴转动运动，亦即护罩6至少有一条支腿6a存在一个定轴的护罩转动中心O6，并且让护罩6可以围绕该护罩转动中心O6进行一定转角的转动(如图4和图17所示)，在这里护罩转动中心O6相对于盔壳主体1是不动的，将护罩6的掀开和扣落动作设置成定轴转动的好处是：首先能够简化护罩6的支承结构及布局，其次能够简化护罩6的运动安排并有利于简化护颚2的轨迹规划；需要指出的是，当护罩6的掀开运动被设计为定轴转动时，为了获得可靠的转动支承并为了避免出现运动干涉，护罩6的两条支腿6a均应各自设置护罩转动中心O6(如图4所示)，并且最好让这些支腿6a的这两个护罩转动中心O6的连线与盔壳主体1的中分面P相互垂直；另外，为了能够快捷掀开护罩6，可以设置弹升掀开护罩6的驱动弹簧9(参见图4和图17)，这样即使是在紧急需要打开护罩6的情况下比如出现意外事故时呼救的需要、经过黑暗隧道时视力快速适应的需要等等，此时驾驶员只需做出轻触或者轻拨护罩6的动作即可以借助驱动弹簧9的弹升力而快捷地打开护罩6；所述驱动弹簧9可以是扭力弹簧(如图4和图17所示)、也可以是普通的圆柱弹簧(图中未示出)、此外还可以是其它形式的弹簧比如借助变形而产生弹性力的板簧、壳簧、杆簧等等(图中未示出)，其中又以驱动弹簧9采用扭力弹簧结构为较佳形式，因为该形式的弹簧所占空间较小，有利于头盔的紧凑设计；另外需要指出的是，驱动弹簧9对护罩6的施力方式可以是拉力形式也可以是压力形式甚至是推力形式，此外还可以是扭力形式，对于采用扭力弹簧结构的驱动弹簧9来说当然是以产生扭力的形式作用到护罩6上的施力方式为最佳形式。
本发明为了呼应护罩6常常需要呈现的扣落状态并且能够将其锁定在扣落状态位置，可以在头盔上设置相应的锁扣凸轮10、锁止凸轮11和锁止弹簧12(参见图4和图17)，其中锁扣凸轮10与护罩6相互紧固连接(图中未示出)或者锁扣凸轮10与护罩6干脆为一体结构制作(在图4和图17中，锁扣凸轮10与护罩6的支腿6a为一体结构制作)，所述锁止凸轮11及锁止弹簧12被安装在盔壳主体1或/和底托3上(图4和图17所示为锁止凸轮11及锁止弹簧12均被安装在盔壳主体1上的情形)，锁止凸轮11相对于盔壳主体1可以产生一定的位移移动或/和转动摆动，锁止弹簧12的功用是常态促使锁止凸轮11与锁扣凸轮10发生啮合，并在护罩6扣落时可以锁定护罩6在其扣落位置上，锁止弹簧12可以是扭力弹簧(如图4和图17所示)、也可以是圆柱弹簧(图中未示出)、此外还可以是其它形式的弹簧如借助变形而产生弹性力的板簧、壳簧、杆簧等等(图中未示出)，其中又以锁止弹簧12采用扭力弹簧结构为较佳形式；需要说明的是，护罩6处在扣落状态或者说处在扣落位置是指该护罩6相对于盔壳主体1处在这么一类位置：护罩6位于驾驶员眼睛和鼻子的前方并处在能够遮护驾驶员眼睛的位置上，特别地，当护颚2此刻还位于全盔结构位置时所述护罩6的扣落位置还至少包含有两种状态：一种状态是护罩6的下边缘6b贴合在护颚2的唇边2b上，此时护罩6具有最好的防雨、防风和防沙效果；另一种状态是护罩6的下边缘6b与护颚2的唇边 2b存在有一定的透气缝隙6c(如图15和图16所示)，此时可以利用该透气缝隙6c引入外界些许空气吹散由于呼吸而产生在护罩6内壁上和盔壳主体1内的水汽及水雾，由此可见，本发明所说的护罩6处在扣落位置是一类状态；锁止凸轮11的功用是通过与锁扣凸轮10的啮合而将护罩6维持在或者锁定在某一个扣落位置上，当然在必要时也可以通过其它机构或者通过其它部件解开锁止凸轮11与锁扣凸轮10的啮合而使护罩6能够掀开。
本发明头盔为了解决护罩6的锁定状态与解锁状态的转换，亦即可根据需要决定锁止凸轮11与锁扣凸轮10是发生啮合而锁止还是不发生啮合而解锁，可以设置解锁构件13和解锁凸轮14，其中解锁凸轮14为独立件并紧固在锁止凸轮11上(图中未示出)、或者解锁凸轮14与锁止凸轮11为一体结构制作(如图4和图17所示)，这就意味着解锁凸轮14与锁止凸轮11的运动是一起进行的或者说是联动的；为了呼应护颚2的位置状态而做出上述锁止动作抑或做出解锁动作，所述解锁构件13采用受护颚2叉把2a驱动或者采用受转动齿轮5驱动的方式运行，注意到护颚2的叉把2a与转动齿轮5是一起联动的，亦即意味着解锁构件13可以根据护颚2的运动进程来驱动解锁凸轮14并进而驱动锁止凸轮11，从而可以在必要时对锁定状态的锁止凸轮11与锁扣凸轮10做出脱开啮合的解锁动作；需要说明的是，当解锁构件13受到护颚2叉把2a驱动或者受到转动齿轮5驱动时，可以产生实质性的解锁动作即解锁那些处在发生啮合状态的锁止凸轮11与锁扣凸轮10(参见图17)，但也可以有另外一种情况即：护罩6此刻已经处在弹升掀开状态或者说意味着锁扣凸轮10与锁止凸轮11事实上早已处在脱开啮合的状态，但解锁构件13仍然可以驱动解锁凸轮14而做出解锁动作，显然此时的解锁动作属于空动作或者说是冗余动作，它不会妨碍影响护颚2的正常运行；特别需要指出的是，本发明对处在扣落位置并处在锁定状态的护罩6，其解锁动作还可以由护颚2直接驱动来完成，此时护颚2必须处在全盔结构位置且护罩6处在扣落位置(图4和图17所示的状态正是呼应此情形)，借助驾驶员的手去扳动护颚2并使其从全盔位置向半盔位置进发，护颚2将接触到护罩6的下边缘6b而借此强行驱动护罩6发生掀开运动，并在护罩6做出运动时通过与其联动的锁扣凸轮10压迫锁止凸轮11，进而通过锁止凸轮11压迫锁止弹簧12并促使锁止弹簧12做出退缩让位，最终达成锁止凸轮11与锁扣凸轮10被强制脱开啮合而完成解锁，在这一过程当中，解锁之后的护罩6可以借助驱动弹簧9的弹升力而迅速掀开，并且护罩6会先于护颚2到达盔壳主体1的顶端之前就完成弹升掀开至最大掀开位置，在图5中由图5(a)→图5(b)所显示的过程正是这种情形。
本发明为了防止和避免护颚2在由半盔结构位置回归向全盔结构位置时可能与护罩6发生碰撞与干涉，本发明特别安排在护颚2由半盔位置复返回全盔位置的全进程的前三分之一行程内，让解锁构件13至少对锁止凸轮11与锁扣凸轮10完成一次完整的解锁动作，如此安排的目的是避免出现这样一种状况：护颚2由半盔结构位置复返回全盔结构位置而此过程中护罩6始终仍然停留并保持在扣落位置上，此时极有可能在护颚2下落期间会击打到护罩6上，从而造成护罩6及护颚2发生损坏尤其是护罩6的镜片出现损坏；所以本发明安排护颚2在由半盔 位置复返回全盔位置的全进程的前三分之一内解锁构件13至少对锁止凸轮11与锁扣凸轮10完成一次完整的解锁动作，亦即给予护罩6留有足够的响应时间，以便在护颚2到达盔壳主体1的最顶端时让护罩6完成弹升并到达最大掀开位置，由前面的设计可知，护罩6在最大掀开位置时其被中分面P所剖切断面全部落在护颚2唇尖M的轨迹线T以内且它们不出现相交，可见能够保证护颚2在由半盔结构位置复返回全盔结构位置时该护颚2与护罩6不发生碰撞干涉，在图6中由图6(a)→图6(b)所显示的过程正是这种情形。
本发明的解锁构件13可以有多种结构，比如可将解锁构件13设置为摆杆结构(图中未示出)：其中该摆杆作定轴摆动，在摆杆上设置触发销和滑槽，所述触发销可以触发解锁凸轮14、所述滑槽与设置在转动齿轮上的凸销运动配合(图中未示出)，当转动齿轮5运动时可通过凸销拨动滑槽进而驱动摆杆作摆动运动亦即解锁构件作出解锁动作；特别地，解锁构件13可以设置为圆柱销并且该圆柱销的轴线与转动齿轮5的轴线同轴设置(如图4、图7、图8和图17所示)，所述圆柱销与转动齿轮5紧固连接或者它们为一体结构制作，此时圆柱销事实上可以成为转动齿轮5的轴头5c的一个延展构件，将解锁构件13设置为圆柱销的做法可以最大限度地简化解锁构件13的结构并具有最简单的驱动步骤，因而是较优结构形式的解锁构件13。
本发明为了适应驾驶员的不同需求，可以让护罩6具有不同状态的扣落位置：1)比如当需要免除沙尘干扰和免除雨水干扰时，需要护罩6与护颚2具有良好的贴合性，正如图1、图2和图5(a)所显示的状态，此时最好让护罩6的下边缘6b与护颚2的唇边2b处在贴合的位置状态；2)又比如当需要驱散由于驾驶员呼吸而产生在护罩6上及盔壳主体1之内的水雾时、或者由于驾驶员需要些许外部冷却风来降低头盔内的热量时，此时均需要微启护罩6而使其下边缘6b与护颚2的唇边2b脱开啮合并形成一定的透气缝隙6c(图15和图16所显示的正是这种状态)；需要说明的是，护罩6的下边缘6b与护颚2的唇边2b处在贴合的位置状态是指该下边缘6b与唇边2b呈现有一定的重叠咬合，它包括存在有部分长度段的下边缘6b抱合唇边2b(此时下边缘6b在外而唇边2b在内，图1和图2所反映的状态正是这种情形)，它还包括存在有部分长度段的唇边2b抱合下边缘6b(此时下边缘6b在内而唇边2b在外，图中未示出)。对应于护罩6在上述的两种扣落位置，本发明可以让锁止凸轮11与锁扣凸轮10存在有两种啮合锁止状态：第一种锁止状态为护罩6被锁止在扣落位置且护罩6的下边缘6b与护颚2的唇边2b出现贴合(如图1和图2所示)，第二种锁止状态为护罩6被锁止在扣落位置但护罩6的下边缘6b与护颚2的唇边2b之间存在有透气缝隙6c(如图15和图16所示)；为了达成上述两种护罩6的扣落状态，锁止凸轮11与锁扣凸轮10可以采用如下各种啮合组配：1)锁扣凸轮10包含有且仅包含有一个凸齿构造，与此同时锁止凸轮11设置有两个与锁扣凸轮10凸齿构造相呼应的凹齿构造(图中未示出)，所述锁扣凸轮10的凸齿构造与锁止凸轮11的凹齿构造可以发生啮合并且有两种啮合组合，其中的一种组合对应第一种锁止状态、另一种组合对应第二种锁止状态；2)锁扣凸轮10包含有两个凸齿构造，与此同时锁止凸轮11设置有两个与锁扣凸轮 10凸齿构造相呼应的凹齿构造(如图4和图17所示)，当锁扣凸轮10的两个凸齿构造分别与锁止凸轮11的两个凹齿构造同时发生啮合时对应着出现第一种锁止状态、当锁扣凸轮10仅有一个凸齿构造与锁止凸轮11的一个凹齿构造发生啮合时对应着出现第二种锁止状态；3)锁扣凸轮10包含有且仅包含有一个凹齿构造，与此同时锁止凸轮11设置有两个与锁扣凸轮10凹齿构造相呼应的凸齿构造(图中未示出)，所述锁扣凸轮10的凹齿构造与锁止凸轮11的凸齿构造可以发生啮合并有两种啮合组合，其中一种组合对应着第一种锁止状态、另一种组合对应着第二种锁止状态；4)锁扣凸轮10包含有两个凹齿构造，与此同时锁止凸轮11设置有两个与锁扣凸轮10凹齿构造相呼应的凸齿构造(图中未示出)，当锁扣凸轮10的两个凹齿构造分别与锁止凸轮11的两个凸齿构造同时发生啮合时对应着出现第一种锁止状态、当锁扣凸轮10仅有一个凹齿构造与锁止凸轮11的一个凸齿构造发生啮合时对应着出现第二种锁止状态。图17给出了锁止凸轮11与锁扣凸轮10由第一种锁止状态到第二种锁止状态直至完全解锁的过程：图17(a)对应着第一种锁止状态→图17(b)对应着第二种锁止状态→图17(c)对应着完全解锁状态，需要说明的是，在图17中锁止凸轮11与锁扣凸轮10采用的结构和啮合组配属于上述所列各种组配中的第二种啮合组配。
本发明为了减缓护罩6在弹升过程中尤其是在弹升至最大掀开位置时护罩6对盔壳主体1产生过大的撞击，可以在底托3或/和盔壳主体1上设置用于减缓护罩6弹升末端冲击的延缓构件，该延缓构件可以是弹簧(图中未示出)、也可以是特制的气囊(图中未示出)、还可以是阻尼条(图中未示出)，其中阻尼条构造的延缓构件具有最为简单的结构，它可以是一个渐次抬高的堤埂状构造，这样在护罩6的弹升过程中其支腿6a逐渐与延缓构件贴合并逐渐增大接触阻力，从而达到阻尼缓冲的作用。
本发明为了帮助护颚2顺利翻越护罩6，尤其在护罩6处在最大掀开位置时让护颚2能够越过护罩6的下边缘6b，可以在底托3或/和盔壳主体1上设置胀开构造，该胀开构造可以是一个相对底托3或盔壳主体1的表面隆起的含有楔形构造的凸台或者凸条，它可以迫使叉把2a外张弹性变形以帮助护颚2的唇边2b顺利翻越处在掀开状态下的护罩6下边缘6b(图中未示出)，当护颚2开始翻越护罩6时，护颚2会与胀开构造发生接触，此时在胀开构造的约束下叉把2a将出现出外张的效应，于是乎可借助叉把2a的弹性变形外扩而使得护颚2与护罩6的最宽处的侧边不发生干涉，从而实现顺利帮助护颚2翻越护罩6的目的；需要说明的是护罩6的最宽处是指相对于盔壳主体1的中分面P而言，此时护颚2的两个叉把2a距离该中分面P最远部位处所呈现出的护罩6的宽度。
本发明相比于现有技术的突出优点是，通过采用齿轮约束的结构及方式，能够可靠地使护颚2在全盔位置与半盔位置之间进行转换并保持其几何轨迹的唯一性和可逆性。一方面底托3及护颚2整体结构的完整性得以保持，籍此保证了这些头盔核心部件具有高的强度与高的刚度，从而有效提高了头盔的使用安全性；另一方面大幅减少乃至完全消除盔壳主体1表面的外露槽缝，籍此大幅度地减少了气流流经盔壳表面所派生的蜂鸣噪声，从而有效提高了头盔的佩戴舒适性；另 外由于底托3和护颚2的结构完整性提高且装配难度下降，而齿轮啮合属可靠的约束结构，因此可以有效提高头盔的质量可靠性。
上述实施例仅为本发明的若干较佳实施例，并非依此限制本发明的保护范围，故：凡依照本发明的结构、形状、原理所做的各种等效变化，均应涵盖于本发明的保护范围之内。

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  1. 一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，它包括有一个盔壳主体、一个护颚和两个底托，所述护颚具有两个分置在盔壳主体两侧旁的叉把，所述两个底托被分别布局在盔壳主体的两侧面，并且这些底托紧固安装在盔壳主体上或者这些底托与盔壳主体为一体结构制作；其特征在于：设置有两个相对于盔壳主体不动的固定齿轮，所述的这两个固定齿轮被分置在盔壳主体的两侧，另外设置有两个跟随护颚一起运动的转动齿轮，所述的这两个转动齿轮亦被分置在盔壳主体的两侧，处在盔壳主体同一侧的底托、叉把、固定齿轮以及转动齿轮一起组成一个关联副；在同一个关联副中，转动齿轮与叉把相互紧固连接或者它们为一体结构制作，护颚通过叉把带动转动齿轮运动，当转动齿轮与固定齿轮发生啮合运动时固定齿轮将促使转动齿轮的位置及相位发生改变，此时护颚在转动齿轮的约束下亦发生位置及姿态的改变并以此适应全盔结构和半盔结构的转换。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，其特征在于：所述固定齿轮和转动齿轮均为圆柱齿轮型式并且它们所组成的啮合机构属于平面齿轮传动机构，其中的固定齿轮为内齿轮、转动齿轮为外齿轮。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，其特征在于：发生相互啮合的固定齿轮与转动齿轮，其固定齿轮的节圆半径R、转动齿轮的节圆半径r、以及在啮合期间护颚相对于盔壳主体转过角度α时转动齿轮轴心相应转过的圆心角β，所述的这些参数满足约束公式：
    Figure PCTCN2016088778-appb-100001
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，其特征在于：所述布局在同一个关联副中的固定齿轮和底托相互紧固连接或者它们为一体结构制作。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，其特征在于：所述固定齿轮包含有第一固定轮齿段和第二固定轮齿段、所述转动齿轮包含有第一转动轮齿段和第二转动轮齿段，同一个关联副中的第一转动轮齿段只与第一固定轮齿段发生啮合、第二转动轮齿段只与第二固定轮齿段发生啮合。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，其特征在于：在同一个关联副中，第一转动轮齿段的轴心与第二转动轮齿段的轴心重合。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，其特征在于：在同一个关联副中，所述第一转动轮齿段的第一轴心轨迹与第二转动轮齿段的第二轴心轨迹在它们的交点处相切。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，其特征在于：在底托或/和盔壳主体上开设有圆弧槽，所述圆弧槽参与约束转动齿轮的运动并使所约束的转动齿轮与其相应的固定齿轮保持啮合。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，其特征在于：在底托或/和盔壳主体上设置有弹性锁紧构造，所述弹性锁紧构造的布局位置与圆弧槽的两端头相呼应，其中圆弧槽的两端头分别对应着护颚的全盔位置和半盔位置。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任意一项所述的基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，其特征在于：所述头盔设置有护罩，所述护罩在最大掀开位置时其被盔壳主体中分面所剖切断面的集合与护颚在运动期间被盔壳主体中分面剖切断面的轨迹集合全局无交集。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，其特征在于：所述护罩的掀开运动为定轴转动运动，并设置有弹升掀开护罩的驱动弹簧。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，其特征在于：设置有锁扣凸轮、锁止凸轮和锁止弹簧，所述锁扣凸轮与护罩紧固连接或者锁扣凸轮与护罩为一体结构制作，锁止凸轮及锁止弹簧被安装在盔壳主体或/和底托上，锁止弹簧常态促使锁止凸轮与锁扣凸轮啮合并在护罩扣落时可以锁定护罩在其扣落位置上。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，其特征在于：设置有解锁构件和解锁凸轮，所述解锁凸轮紧固在锁止凸轮上或者解锁凸轮与锁止凸轮为一体结构制作，解锁构件受护颚叉把驱动或受转动齿轮驱动，解锁构件可以根据需要通过驱动解锁凸轮进而驱动锁止凸轮来对锁定状态的锁止凸轮与锁扣凸轮做出脱开啮合的解锁动作。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，其特征在于：在护颚由半盔位置复返回全盔位置的全进程的前三分之一行程过程中，所述解锁构件至少对锁止凸轮与锁扣凸轮完成一次完整的解锁动作。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，其特征在于：所述解锁构件为圆柱销并且该圆柱销的轴线与转动齿轮的轴线同轴设置，所述圆柱销与转动齿轮紧固连接或者它们为一体结构制作。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，其特征在于：对应护罩在扣落位置，所述锁止凸轮与锁扣凸轮存在有两种啮合锁止状态，第一种锁止状态为护罩被锁止在扣落位置且护罩的下边缘与护颚的唇边出现贴合，第二种锁止状态为护罩被锁止在扣落位置但护罩的下边缘与护颚的唇边之间存在有透气缝隙。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，其特征在于：在底托或/和盔壳主体上设置有用于减缓护罩弹升末端冲击的延缓构件。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的基于齿轮约束的可变护颚结构型头盔，其特征在于：在底托或/和盔壳主体上设置有迫使叉把外张弹性变形以帮助护颚唇边顺利翻越掀开状态下护罩下缘边的胀开构造。
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