WO2017199986A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
- C08F220/30—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
- C08F220/303—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety and one or more carboxylic moieties in the chain
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
- C08F220/30—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/02—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups
- C08L101/06—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups containing oxygen atoms
- C08L101/08—Carboxyl groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D201/00—Coating compositions based on unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C09D201/02—Coating compositions based on unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups
- C09D201/06—Coating compositions based on unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups containing oxygen atoms
- C09D201/08—Carboxyl groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment film, a liquid crystal display element using the same, and a polymer film suitable for the production of an optical element with controlled molecular alignment such as a retardation film and a polarization diffraction element. .
- the liquid crystal display element is known as a light, thin, and low power consumption display device and has been remarkably developed in recent years.
- the liquid crystal display element is configured, for example, by sandwiching a liquid crystal layer between a pair of transparent substrates provided with electrodes.
- an organic film made of an organic material is used as the liquid crystal alignment film so that the liquid crystal is in a desired wrinkle alignment state between the substrates.
- the liquid crystal alignment film is a component of the liquid crystal display element, and is formed on the surface of the substrate that holds the liquid crystal in contact with the liquid crystal, and plays a role of aligning the liquid crystal in a certain direction between the substrates.
- the liquid crystal alignment film may be required to play a role of controlling the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal in addition to the role of aligning the liquid crystal in a certain direction such as a direction parallel to the substrate.
- alignment control ability is given by performing an alignment treatment on the organic film constituting the liquid crystal alignment film.
- a rubbing method is conventionally known as an alignment treatment method for a liquid crystal alignment film for imparting alignment control ability.
- the rubbing method is a method of rubbing (rubbing) the surface of an organic film such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide or polyimide on a substrate with a cloth such as cotton, nylon or polyester in the rubbing direction (rubbing direction).
- This is a method of aligning liquid crystals. Since this rubbing method can easily realize a relatively stable alignment state of liquid crystals, it has been used in the manufacturing process of conventional liquid crystal display elements.
- As an organic film used for the liquid crystal alignment film a polyimide-based organic film excellent in reliability such as heat resistance and electrical characteristics has been mainly selected.
- Anisotropy is formed in the organic film constituting the liquid crystal alignment film by linearly polarized light or collimated light, and the liquid crystal is aligned according to the anisotropy.
- the main alignment methods are “photolytic type” that causes anisotropic decomposition of the molecular structure by irradiation with polarized UV light, and polyvinyl cinnamate is used to irradiate polarized UV light, and two sides parallel to the polarized light.
- the polymer film obtained by this alignment amplification method exhibits birefringence due to molecular orientation, it can be used as various optical elements such as a retardation film in addition to the use of a liquid crystal alignment film. it can.
- the optimal irradiation dose of polarized ultraviolet rays for introducing highly efficient anisotropy into liquid crystal alignment films used in alignment amplification methods is the irradiation dose of polarized ultraviolet rays that optimizes the amount of photoreactive reaction of photosensitive groups in the coating film.
- the amount of photoreaction will not be sufficient. In that case, sufficient self-organization does not proceed even after heating.
- the photoreactive side-chain photosensitive group becomes excessive, the resulting film may become rigid and hinder the progress of self-assembly by subsequent heating.
- liquid crystal alignment films used in the alignment amplification method have a narrow range of the optimal amount of polarized ultraviolet light irradiation because of the high sensitivity of the photoreactive group in the polymer used. is there. As a result, a decrease in manufacturing efficiency of the liquid crystal display element is a problem.
- the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered due to the influence of the residual solvent, etc., but the liquid crystal aligning agent obtained by the alignment amplification method is not suitable for polymer liquid crystals. Since baking cannot be performed at a temperature equal to or higher than the liquid crystal expression temperature, the baking temperature is generally low, and the residual solvent contributes to a decrease in reliability.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal alignment film having a wide process margin that can be adjusted to an optimum polarized ultraviolet ray irradiation amount and an optimum baking temperature, with high efficiency and orientation control ability.
- A Side chain (a1) having a photoreactive site represented by the following formula (a), side having a photoreactive site different from the photoreactive site represented by the following formula (a)
- the side chain (a2) may be a photosensitive side chain that undergoes photocrosslinking, photoisomerization, or photofleece transition.
- the side chain (a2) is any one photosensitive side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formulas (1) to (6), It is preferable that the side chain has a photoreactive site different from the photoreactive site represented by the formula (a).
- A, B, and D are each independently a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 —, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NH—CO—, —CH ⁇ CH—CO—.
- S is an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and the hydrogen atom bonded thereto may be replaced by a halogen group;
- T is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom bonded thereto may be replaced with a halogen group;
- Y 1 represents a ring selected from a monovalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, biphenyl ring, furan ring, pyrrole ring and alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, or the same or selected from those substituents.
- R 0 is a hydrogen atom or a carbon number of 1 to 5 represents an alkyl group
- R 0 is a hydrogen atom or a carbon number of 1 to 5 represents an alkyl group
- —NO 2 is a hydrogen atom or a carbon number of 1 to 5 represents an alkyl group
- —CN is a hydrogen atom or a carbon number of 1 to 5 represents an alkyl group
- —NO 2 is a hydrogen atom or a carbon number of 1 to 5 represents an alkyl group
- Y 2 is a group selected from the group consisting of a divalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, furan ring, pyrrole ring, alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof, and is bonded to them.
- Each hydrogen atom is independently —NO 2 , —CN, —CH ⁇ C (CN) 2 , —CH ⁇ CH—CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkyloxy having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. May be substituted with groups; R represents a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or the same definition as Y 1 ; X is a single bond, —COO—, —OCO—, —N ⁇ N—, —CH ⁇ CH—, —C ⁇ C—, —CH ⁇ CH—CO—O—, or —O—CO—CH ⁇ .
- X may be the same or different;
- Cou represents a coumarin-6-yl group or a coumarin-7-yl group, and the hydrogen atoms bonded thereto are independently —NO 2 , —CN, —CH ⁇ C (CN) 2 , —CH ⁇ CH— May be substituted with CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkyloxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; one of q1 and q2 is 1 and the other is 0; q3 is 0 or 1; P and Q are each independently selected from the group consisting of a divalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, biphenyl ring, furan ring, pyrrole ring, alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.
- P or Q on the side to which —CH ⁇ CH— is bonded is an aromatic ring;
- the Ps may be the same or different, and when the number of Q is 2 or more, the Qs may be the same or different;
- l1 is 0 or 1;
- l2 is an integer from 0 to 2; when l1 and l2 are both 0,
- A represents a single bond when T is a single bond; when l1 is 1, B represents a single bond when T is a single bond;
- H and I are each independently a group selected from a divalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, biphenyl ring, furan ring, pyrrole ring, and combinations thereof.
- the side chain (a3) is any one liquid crystalline side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formulas (21) to (31): It is good.
- a and B have the same definition as above;
- Y 3 is a group selected from the group consisting of a monovalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, biphenyl ring, furan ring, nitrogen-containing heterocycle, alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.
- each hydrogen atom bonded thereto may be independently substituted with —NO 2 , —CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkyloxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms;
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom, —NO 2 , —CN, —CH ⁇ C (CN) 2 , —CH ⁇ CH—CN, halogen group, monovalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, biphenyl ring, furan ring, nitrogen-containing Represents a heterocyclic ring, an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; one of q1 and q2 is 1 and the other is 0; l represents an integer of 1 to 12, m represents an integer of 0 to 2, provided that in formulas (23) to (24), the sum of all m is 2 or more,
- ⁇ 5> A step of applying a composition according to any one of the above ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4> onto a substrate having a conductive film for driving a lateral electric field to form a coating film; [II] a step of irradiating the coating film obtained in [I] with polarized ultraviolet rays; and [III] a step of heating the coating film obtained in [II];
- substrate which has the said liquid crystal aligning film which obtains the liquid crystal aligning film for horizontal electric field drive type liquid crystal display elements by which orientation control ability was provided by having.
- substrate which has the said liquid crystal aligning film which obtains the liquid crystal aligning film for horizontal electric field drive type liquid crystal display elements by which orientation control ability was provided by having.
- ⁇ 6> A substrate having a liquid crystal alignment film for a lateral electric field drive type liquid crystal display device produced by the method of ⁇ 5> above.
- a lateral electric field drive type liquid crystal display device having the substrate of ⁇ 6> above.
- the liquid crystal display element is obtained by disposing the first and second substrates so as to face each other;
- a polymer having a specific structural unit can be obtained.
- the obtained polymer when used as a liquid crystal alignment film, it exhibits better orientation in a wider range of UV irradiation dose than a conventional polymer.
- the obtained polymer when performing a photo-alignment process, it can carry out by various polarized UV irradiation doses conventionally, and productivity improves.
- a substrate having a liquid crystal alignment film for a horizontal electric field drive type liquid crystal display element which has high efficiency and high alignment control ability and excellent image sticking characteristics, and a horizontal electric field drive type liquid crystal display element having the substrate are obtained with high yield. Can be provided.
- the polymer composition of the present invention has a photosensitive side chain polymer (hereinafter also simply referred to as a side chain polymer) that can exhibit liquid crystallinity, and is obtained using the polymer composition.
- the obtained coating film is a film having a photosensitive side chain polymer that can exhibit liquid crystallinity.
- This coating film is subjected to orientation treatment by irradiation with polarized light without being rubbed. And after polarized light irradiation, it will become the coating film (henceforth a liquid crystal aligning film) to which the orientation control ability was provided through the process of heating the side chain type polymer film.
- the slight anisotropy developed by the irradiation of polarized light becomes a driving force, and the liquid crystalline side chain polymer itself is efficiently reoriented by self-organization.
- a highly efficient alignment process can be realized as the liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal alignment film with high alignment control ability can be obtained.
- the side chain type polymer as the component (A) contains a side chain represented by the above formula (a).
- the liquid crystal aligning film obtained from the polymer composition of this invention shows favorable orientation in a wider UV irradiation amount as a UV irradiation amount at the time of manufacture.
- the photoreactive site represented by the above formula (a) has fluorescence characteristics due to a long conjugated system, and thereby absorbs ultraviolet rays. Therefore, the use of a polymer obtained by copolymerizing a monomer having a photoreactive site represented by the above formula (a) was considered to increase the irradiation margin.
- a tetracarboxylic acid derivative and a diamine compound are used as the component (C).
- Polyamic acid produced by polymerization reaction, or polyimide produced by imidizing polyamic acid, polyurea produced by polymerizing diisocyanate compound and diamine compound, diisocyanate compound and tetracarboxylic acid derivative, Polyurea polyamic acid produced by polymerizing a diamine compound and polyurea polyimide produced by imidizing polyurea polyamic acid can also be contained.
- a polymer composition is applied on a substrate having a conductive film for driving a lateral electric field, particularly on the conductive film.
- the polymer composition used in the production method of the present invention is: (A) a photosensitive side-chain polymer that exhibits liquid crystallinity in a predetermined temperature range, A side chain (a1) having a photoreactive site represented by the following formula (a), A side chain (a2) having a photoreactive site different from the photoreactive site represented by the following formula (a), and a side chain (a3) exhibiting liquid crystallinity And (B) an organic solvent.
- the side chain polymer of the component (A) is a photosensitive side chain polymer that exhibits liquid crystallinity in a predetermined temperature range, A side chain (a1) having a photoreactive site represented by the above formula (a); A side chain (a2) having a photoreactive site different from the photoreactive site represented by the formula (a), And a side chain (a3) that exhibits liquid crystallinity.
- the side chain polymer as the component (A) preferably reacts with light in the wavelength range of 250 nm to 400 nm and exhibits liquid crystallinity in the temperature range of 100 ° C. to 300 ° C.
- the side chain polymer as the component (A) preferably has a photosensitive side chain that reacts with light in the wavelength range of 250 nm to 400 nm.
- the side chain type polymer of component (A) preferably has a side chain (a3) that exhibits liquid crystallinity in order to exhibit liquid crystallinity in the temperature range of 100 ° C to 300 ° C.
- ⁇ Side Chain (a2): Side Chain Having Photoreactive Site Different from Photoreactive Site Represented by Formula (a) >>>
- the side chain polymer of the component (A) has a side chain (a2) having a photoreactive site different from the photoreactive site represented by the formula (a).
- “having a photoreactive site different from the photoreactive site represented by formula (a)” has a photoreactive site, but the photoreactive site represented by formula (a) is It means that it does not have.
- the side chain (a2) is a side chain that has a site that undergoes a crosslinking reaction, an isomerization reaction, or a photofleece rearrangement in response to light, and that does not have a photoreactive site represented by the formula (a). That is.
- the side chain type polymer of the component (A) has a photosensitive side chain bonded to the main chain, and can cause a crosslinking reaction, an isomerization reaction, or a light fleece rearrangement in response to light. In this case, even if exposed to external stress such as heat, the achieved orientation control ability can be stably maintained for a long period of time.
- the structure of the photosensitive side chain polymer capable of exhibiting liquid crystallinity is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies such characteristics, but it is preferable to have a rigid mesogenic component in the side chain structure. In this case, stable liquid crystal alignment can be obtained when the side chain polymer is used as a liquid crystal alignment film.
- the polymer structure has, for example, a main chain and a side chain bonded to the main chain, and the side chain includes a mesogenic component such as a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenylcyclohexyl group, a phenylbenzoate group, and an azobenzene group, and a tip.
- a mesogenic component such as a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenylcyclohexyl group, a phenylbenzoate group, and an azobenzene group, and a tip.
- the structure of the photosensitive side chain polymer capable of exhibiting liquid crystallinity include (meth) acrylate, itaconate, fumarate, maleate, ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone, styrene, vinyl, maleimide, It has a structure having a main chain composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of radical polymerizable groups such as norbornene and siloxane, and a side chain composed of at least one of the following formulas (1) to (6). Is preferred.
- A, B, and D are each independently a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 —, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NH—CO—.
- S is an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and the hydrogen atom bonded thereto may be replaced by a halogen group;
- T is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom bonded thereto may be replaced with a halogen group;
- Y 1 represents a ring selected from a monovalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, biphenyl ring, furan ring, pyrrole ring and alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, or the same or selected from those substituents.
- R 0 is a hydrogen atom or a carbon number of 1 to 5 represents an alkyl group
- R 0 is a hydrogen atom or a carbon number of 1 to 5 represents an alkyl group
- —NO 2 is a hydrogen atom or a carbon number of 1 to 5 represents an alkyl group
- —CN is a hydrogen atom or a carbon number of 1 to 5 represents an alkyl group
- —NO 2 is a hydrogen atom or a carbon number of 1 to 5 represents an alkyl group
- Y 2 is a group selected from the group consisting of a divalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, furan ring, pyrrole ring, alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof, and is bonded to them.
- Each hydrogen atom is independently —NO 2 , —CN, —CH ⁇ C (CN) 2 , —CH ⁇ CH—CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkyloxy having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. May be substituted with groups; R represents a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or the same definition as Y 1 ; X is a single bond, —COO—, —OCO—, —N ⁇ N—, —CH ⁇ CH—, —C ⁇ C—, —CH ⁇ CH—CO—O—, or —O—CO—CH ⁇ .
- X may be the same or different;
- Cou represents a coumarin-6-yl group or a coumarin-7-yl group, and the hydrogen atoms bonded thereto are independently —NO 2 , —CN, —CH ⁇ C (CN) 2 , —CH ⁇ CH— May be substituted with CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkyloxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; one of q1 and q2 is 1 and the other is 0; q3 is 0 or 1; P and Q are each independently selected from the group consisting of a divalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, biphenyl ring, furan ring, pyrrole ring, alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.
- P or Q on the side to which —CH ⁇ CH— is bonded is an aromatic ring;
- the Ps may be the same or different, and when the number of Q is 2 or more, the Qs may be the same or different;
- l1 is 0 or 1;
- l2 is an integer from 0 to 2; when l1 and l2 are both 0,
- A represents a single bond when T is a single bond; when l1 is 1, B represents a single bond when T is a single bond;
- H and I are each independently a group selected from a divalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, biphenyl ring, furan ring, pyrrole ring, and combinations thereof.
- the side chain (a2) is any one photosensitive side chain selected from the group consisting of the above formulas (1) to (6), It is a side chain having a photoreactive site different from the photoreactive site represented.
- the side chain (a2) may be any one type of photosensitive side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formulas (7) to (10).
- the side chain (a2) may be any one type of photosensitive side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formulas (11) to (13).
- A, X, l, m, m1 and R have the same definition as above.
- the side chain (a2) is preferably a photosensitive side chain represented by the following formula (14) or (15).
- A, Y 1 , l, m1 and m2 have the same definition as above.
- the side chain (a2) may be a photosensitive side chain represented by the following formula (16) or (17).
- A, X, l and m have the same definition as above.
- the side chain (a2) is preferably a photosensitive side chain represented by the following formula (18) or (19).
- A, B, Y1, q1, q2, m1, and m2 have the same definition as above.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, —NO 2 , —CN, —CH ⁇ C (CN) 2 , —CH ⁇ CH—CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Represents an oxy group.
- the side chain (a2) is preferably a photosensitive side chain represented by the following formula (20).
- A, Y 1 , X, l and m have the same definition as above.
- Side Chain (a1) Side Chain Having Photoreactive Site Represented by Formula (a) >>> Moreover, the side chain type polymer of the component (A) contains a side chain (a1) having a photoreactive site represented by the following formula (a).
- side chain (a1) for example, a side chain represented by the following formula (a1-1) is preferable.
- L is a linear or branched alkylene having 1 to 16 carbon atoms.
- X represents a single bond, —O—, —C ( ⁇ O) —O— or —O—C ( ⁇ O) —.
- Side Chain (a3) Side Chain Expressing Liquid Crystalline
- the side chain polymer of the component (A) contains a side chain (a3) that exhibits liquid crystallinity.
- the side chain (a3) is a side chain that exhibits liquid crystallinity, and is itself a side chain that can exhibit mesogenicity, or by dimerizing by hydrogen bonding or the like, mesogenicity is achieved. A side chain that can be expressed.
- the side chain (a3) that exhibits liquid crystallinity in the side chain polymer of the component (A) is, for example, any one liquid crystal selected from the group consisting of the following formulas (21) to (31).
- a side chain is preferred.
- A, B, q1 and q2 have the same definition as above;
- Y 3 is a group selected from the group consisting of a monovalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, biphenyl ring, furan ring, nitrogen-containing heterocycle, alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.
- each hydrogen atom bonded thereto may be independently substituted with —NO 2 , —CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkyloxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms;
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom, —NO 2 , —CN, —CH ⁇ C (CN) 2 , —CH ⁇ CH—CN, halogen group, monovalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, biphenyl ring, furan ring, nitrogen-containing Represents a heterocyclic ring, an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; l represents an integer of 1 to 12, m represents an integer of 0 to 2, provided that in formulas (23) to (24), the sum of all m is 2 or more, and formulas (25) to (26 ), The sum of all m is 1
- the photosensitive side chain polymer capable of exhibiting liquid crystal properties is a monomer having a structural unit represented by the formula (a), a photoreaction different from the photoreactive site represented by the formula (a). It can be obtained by polymerizing a photoreactive side chain monomer (M1) having a reactive site and a liquid crystalline side chain monomer (M2).
- Examples of the monomer having the structural unit represented by the formula (a) include compounds represented by the following formula (am1-1).
- L is a linear or branched alkylene having 1 to 16 carbon atoms.
- X represents a single bond, —O—, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, or —O—C ( ⁇ O) —.
- PL is a polymerizable group and represents a polymerizable group selected from the group consisting of the following formulas PL-1 to PL-5.
- R 1 and R 2 , R 3 are each a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with halogen.
- a linear or branched alkyl group is represented (* represents a bonding position with L).
- the photoreactive side chain monomer is a monomer capable of forming a polymer having the photosensitive side chain (a2) at the side chain site of the polymer when the polymer is formed.
- the photoreactive group possessed by the side chain the following structures and derivatives thereof are preferred.
- photoreactive side chain monomers include (meth) acrylate, itaconate, fumarate, maleate, ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone, radical polymerizable groups such as styrene, vinyl, maleimide, norbornene, and siloxane.
- the monomer (M1) include hydrocarbon, (meth) acrylate, itaconate, fumarate, maleate, ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone, radical polymerizable groups such as styrene, vinyl, maleimide, norbornene, and siloxane
- the monomer (M1) is polymerized in the following formulas MA1, MA3, MA4, MA5, MA14, MA16 to MA23, MA25, MA28 to MA30, MA32, MA34, MA36, MA38 to MA42, MA44 and MA46, and their compounds.
- the polymerizable group of the compound having methacrylate as a functional group is replaced with a polymerizable group selected from the group consisting of acrylate, itaconate, fumarate, maleate, ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone, styrene, vinyl, maleimide, norbornene and siloxane. It is good that it is at least one selected from compounds.
- the monomer (M1) may have (meth) acrylate as a polymerizable group, and preferably, for example, the end of the side chain is COOH.
- MA1 to MA46 can be synthesized as follows.
- MA1 can be synthesized by a synthesis method described in a patent document (WO2011-084546).
- MA2 can be synthesized by the synthesis method described in the patent document (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-118717).
- MA3 can be synthesized by a synthesis method described in non-patent literature (Macromolecules 2002, 35, 706-713).
- MA4 can be synthesized by a synthesis method described in a patent document (WO2014 / 054785).
- MA5 can be synthesized by a synthesis method described in a patent document (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-18807).
- MA6 to MA9 can be synthesized by the synthesis method described in the patent document (WO2014 / 054785).
- As MA10 commercially available M6BC (manufactured by Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.) can be used.
- MA11 to 13 can be synthesized by the synthesis method described in the patent document
- MA14 to 18 are commercially available, and M4CA, M4BA, M2CA, M3CA, and M5CA (all of which are manufactured by Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.) can be used.
- MA19 to 23 can be synthesized by the synthesis method described in the patent document (WO2014 / 054785).
- MA24 can be synthesized by a synthesis method described in non-patent literature (Polymer Journal, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp 303-308 (1997)).
- MA25 can be synthesized by a synthesis method described in a patent document (WO2014 / 054785).
- MA26 and MA27 are the synthesis methods described in non-patent literature (Macromolecules (2012), 45 (21), 8547-8554) and non-patent literature (Liquid Crystals (1995), 19 (4), 433-40), respectively. Can be synthesized.
- MA28 to 33 can be synthesized by the synthesis method described in the patent document (WO2014 / 054785).
- MA34 to 39 can be synthesized by the synthesis method described in the patent document (WO2014 / 054785).
- MA40 and 41 can be synthesized by a synthesis method described in a patent document (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2009-511431).
- MA42 can be synthesized by a synthesis method described in a patent document (WO2014 / 054785).
- MA43 can be synthesized by a synthesis method described in a patent document (WO2012-115129).
- MA44 can be synthesized by a synthesis method described in a patent document (WO2013-1333078).
- MA45 can be synthesized by the synthesis method described in the patent document (WO2008-072652).
- MA46 can be synthesized by a synthesis method described in a patent document (WO2014 / 054785).
- the monomer (M2) having a structure that exhibits only liquid crystallinity is a monomer that allows a polymer derived from the monomer to exhibit liquid crystallinity and to form a mesogenic group at a side chain site.
- mesogenic group having a side chain even if it is a group having a mesogen structure alone such as biphenyl or phenylbenzoate, or a group having a mesogen structure by hydrogen bonding between side chains such as benzoic acid Good.
- the following structure is preferable as the mesogenic group of the side chain.
- the monomer (M2) having a structure exhibiting only liquid crystallinity include hydrocarbon, (meth) acrylate, itaconate, fumarate, maleate, ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone, styrene, vinyl, maleimide, A structure having a structure composed of at least one polymerizable group selected from the group consisting of radically polymerizable groups such as norbornene and siloxane and at least one of the above formulas (21) to (31). Is preferred.
- the monomer (M2) is composed of the above-described formulas MA2, MA9 to MA13, MA15, MA24, MA26, MA27, MA31, MA35, MA37, MA43 and MA45, and compounds having a methacrylate as a polymerizable group in these compounds. At least one selected from the group consisting of compounds in which the group is replaced by a polymerizable group selected from the group consisting of acrylate, itaconate, fumarate, maleate, ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone, styrene, vinyl, maleimide, norbornene and siloxane It is good to be.
- the monomer (M2) may have (meth) acrylate as a polymerizable group, and preferably, for example, the end of the side chain is COOH.
- the polymer as the component (A) includes (M-3) a monomer having a crosslinkable group, specifically, the following formulas (G-1), (G-2), (G-3) and (G-4): And a monomer (M3) having at least one group selected from the group consisting of: a monomer having a structure represented by the following formula (0).
- G represents the above (G-1)
- G- 2 represents a group selected from (G-3) and (G-4)
- a broken line represents a bond
- R 50 is selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and a phenyl group.
- R 50 s when there are a plurality of R 50 s , they may be the same or different from each other, t is an integer of 1 to 7, J represents O, S, NH or NR 51 , and R 51 has 1 carbon atom Represents a group selected from an alkyl group of 1 to 3 and a phenyl group.
- monomers having an epoxy group include compounds such as glycidyl (meth) acrylate, (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) methyl (meth) acrylate, and allyl glycidyl ether.
- the monomer having thiirane include those in which the epoxy structure of the monomer having the epoxy group is replaced with thiirane.
- Specific examples of the monomer having an aziridine include those in which the epoxy structure of the monomer having the epoxy group is replaced with aziridine or 1-methylaziridine.
- Examples of the monomer having an oxetane group include (meth) acrylic acid ester having an oxetane group.
- monomers 3- (methacryloyloxymethyl) oxetane, 3- (acryloyloxymethyl) oxetane, 3- (methacryloyloxymethyl) -3-methyl-oxetane, 3- (acryloyloxymethyl) -3- Methyl-oxetane, 3- (methacryloyloxymethyl) -3-ethyl-oxetane, 3- (acryloyloxymethyl) -3-ethyl-oxetane, 3- (methacryloyloxymethyl) -2-trifluoromethyloxetane, 3- ( Acryloyloxymethyl) -2-trifluoromethyloxetane, 3- (methacryloyloxymethyl) -2-phenyl-oxetane, 3- (acryloyl
- the monomer having a thietane group for example, a monomer in which the oxetane group of the monomer having an oxetane group is replaced with a thietane group is preferable.
- the monomer having an azetan group for example, a monomer in which an oxetane group of a monomer having an oxetane group is replaced with an azetan group is preferable.
- a monomer having an epoxy group and a monomer having an oxetane group are preferable from the viewpoint of availability and the like, and a monomer having an epoxy group is more preferable.
- glycidyl (meth) acrylate is preferable from the viewpoint of availability.
- the polymer (A1) and / or the polymer (A2) are optionally a monomer (M4) having at least one group selected from the group consisting of (M-4) a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group, an amide group and a urethane group. ); May be formed.
- the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of the following formula [20a], formula [20b] and formula [20c] (wherein Z 2 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms). It may be an aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon containing at least one selected structure, preferably 1 to 4 structures.
- the polymer as the component (A) has a group selected from a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group, an amide group and a urethane group
- an ionic impurity when the polymer composition of the present invention is used as a liquid crystal alignment film.
- the monomer (M4) has the structural unit represented by the monomer (M1) and the formula (a).
- the monomer and the monomer (M2) may be copolymerized with the monomer (M3) if desired.
- the monomer (M4) is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon, (meth) acrylate, itaconate, fumarate, maleate, ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone, radical polymerizable groups such as styrene, vinyl, maleimide, norbornene, and siloxane. It preferably has a polymerizable group composed of at least one kind and a structure having a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group, an amide group and a urethane group. NH in the amide group and urethane group may or may not be substituted. Examples of the substituent in the case where it may be substituted include an alkyl group, an amino-protecting group, and a benzyl group.
- the monomer having a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group examples include 2- (2-pyridylcarbonyloxy) ethyl (meth) acrylate and 2- (3-pyridylcarbonyloxy). And ethyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (4-pyridylcarbonyloxy) ethyl (meth) acrylate, and the like.
- the monomer having an amide group or a urethane group examples include 2- (4-methylpiperidin-1-ylcarbonylamino) ethyl (meth) acrylate and 4- (6-methacryloyloxyhexyloxy) benzoic acid.
- Examples thereof include N- (tertiary butyloxycarbonyl) piperidin-4-yl ester, 4- (6-methacryloyloxyhexyloxy) benzoic acid, 2- (tertiary butyloxycarbonylamino) ethyl ester, and the like.
- the monomer (M4) having at least one group selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group, an amide group and a urethane group includes the above formulas MA6 to MA8 and MA33, and Polymerizability wherein the polymerizable group of the compound having a methacrylate as a polymerizable group in the compound is selected from the group consisting of acrylate, itaconate, fumarate, maleate, ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone, styrene, vinyl, maleimide, norbornene and siloxane It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds in which the group is replaced.
- monomers include unsaturated carboxylic acid, acrylic ester compound, methacrylic ester compound, maleimide compound, acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride, styrene compound and vinyl compound.
- unsaturated carboxylic acid examples include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and the like.
- acrylic ester compound examples include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, naphthyl acrylate, anthryl acrylate, anthryl methyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate, tert-butyl.
- methacrylic acid ester compound examples include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, naphthyl methacrylate, anthryl methacrylate, anthryl methyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate, tert-butyl.
- Examples of the vinyl compound include vinyl ether, methyl vinyl ether, benzyl vinyl ether, 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, phenyl vinyl ether, and propyl vinyl ether.
- Examples of the styrene compound include styrene, methylstyrene, chlorostyrene, bromostyrene, and the like.
- Examples of maleimide compounds include maleimide, N-methylmaleimide, N-phenylmaleimide, and N-cyclohexylmaleimide.
- the method for producing at least two kinds of polymers of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a general-purpose method handled industrially can be used.
- a monomer having a structural unit represented by the above formula (a) a photoreactive side chain monomer having a photoreactive site different from the photoreactive site represented by the above formula (a) ( It can be produced by cationic polymerization, radical polymerization, or anionic polymerization using the vinyl group of M1) and the liquid crystalline side chain monomer (M2).
- radical polymerization is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of ease of reaction control.
- RAFT reversible addition-cleavage chain transfer
- a radical thermal polymerization initiator is a compound that generates radicals when heated to a decomposition temperature or higher.
- radical thermal polymerization initiators include ketone peroxides (methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, etc.), diacyl peroxides (acetyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, etc.), hydroperoxides (peroxidation).
- the radical photopolymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that initiates radical polymerization by light irradiation.
- examples of such radical photopolymerization initiators include benzophenone, Michler's ketone, 4,4′-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone, xanthone, thioxanthone, isopropylxanthone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, acetophenone, 2-hydroxy -2-methylpropiophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4'-isopropylpropiophenone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, isopropyl benzoin ether, isobutyl benzoin ether, 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone, 2,2 -Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, camphorquinone, benzanthrone, 2-methyl-1- [4- (
- the radical polymerization method is not particularly limited, and an emulsion polymerization method, suspension polymerization method, dispersion polymerization method, precipitation polymerization method, bulk polymerization method, solution polymerization method and the like can be used.
- the monomer (M1) having a structure exhibiting photoreactivity and liquid crystallinity; and (M-2) the monomer (M2) having a structure exhibiting only liquid crystallinity are copolymerized to form at least two polymers of the present invention.
- the organic solvent used in the reaction for obtaining each is not particularly limited as long as the produced polymer is soluble. Specific examples are given below.
- organic solvents may be used alone or in combination. Furthermore, even if it is a solvent which does not dissolve the produced
- the polymerization temperature at the time of radical polymerization can be selected from any temperature of 30 ° C. to 150 ° C., but is preferably in the range of 50 ° C. to 100 ° C.
- the reaction can be carried out at any concentration, but if the concentration is too low, it is difficult to obtain a high molecular weight polymer, and if the concentration is too high, the viscosity of the reaction solution becomes too high and uniform stirring is difficult. Therefore, the monomer concentration is preferably 1% by mass to 50% by mass, more preferably 5% by mass to 30% by mass.
- the initial stage of the reaction is carried out at a high concentration, and then an organic solvent can be added.
- the molecular weight of the obtained polymer is decreased when the ratio of the radical polymerization initiator is large relative to the monomer, and the molecular weight of the obtained polymer is increased when the ratio is small, the ratio of the radical initiator is
- the content is preferably 0.1 mol% to 10 mol% with respect to the monomer to be polymerized. Further, various monomer components, solvents, initiators and the like can be added during the polymerization.
- the reaction solution may be poured into a poor solvent to precipitate these polymers.
- the poor solvent used for precipitation include methanol, acetone, hexane, heptane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol, toluene, benzene, diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, and water.
- the polymer deposited in a poor solvent and precipitated can be recovered by filtration and then dried at normal temperature or under reduced pressure at room temperature or by heating.
- the polymer collected by precipitation is redissolved in an organic solvent and reprecipitation and collection is repeated 2 to 10 times, impurities in the polymer can be reduced.
- the poor solvent at this time include alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons and the like, and it is preferable to use three or more kinds of poor solvents selected from these because purification efficiency is further improved.
- the molecular weight of the (A) side chain polymer of the present invention is measured by a GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) method in consideration of the strength of the obtained coating film, workability during coating film formation, and uniformity of the coating film.
- the weight average molecular weight is preferably 2,000 to 2,000,000, more preferably 5,000 to 150,000.
- the weight average molecular weight is preferably 2,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 5,000 to 200,000.
- Organic solvent used for the polymer composition used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an organic solvent that dissolves the resin component. Specific examples are given below. N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactam, 2-pyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, tetramethylurea, pyridine, Dimethylsulfone, hexamethylsulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-ethoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, 1,3 -Dimethyl-imidazolidinone, ethyl amyl ketone, methyl nonyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone
- the polymer composition used for this invention may contain components other than the said (A), (B) and (C) component.
- examples thereof include solvents and compounds that improve the film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness when the polymer composition is applied, and compounds that improve the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- solvent poor solvent which improves the uniformity of film thickness and surface smoothness.
- solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- it is preferably 5% by mass to 80% by mass of the total solvent, more preferably so as not to significantly reduce the solubility of the entire solvent contained in the polymer composition. Is 20% by mass to 60% by mass.
- Examples of the compound that improves film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness include fluorine-based surfactants, silicone-based surfactants, and nonionic surfactants. More specifically, for example, Ftop (registered trademark) 301, EF303, EF352 (manufactured by Tochem Products), MegaFac (registered trademark) F171, F173, R-30 (manufactured by DIC), Florard FC430, FC431 (Manufactured by Sumitomo 3M), Asahi Guard (registered trademark) AG710 (manufactured by Asahi Glass), Surflon (registered trademark) S-382, SC101, SC102, SC103, SC104, SC105, SC106 (manufactured by AGC Seimi Chemical) It is done.
- the use ratio of these surfactants is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin component contained in the polymer composition. Part by mass.
- the compound that improves the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include the following functional silane-containing compounds.
- phenoplasts and epoxy group-containing compounds for the purpose of preventing the deterioration of electrical characteristics due to the backlight when the liquid crystal display element is constructed
- An agent may be contained in the polymer composition. Specific phenoplast additives are shown below, but are not limited to this structure.
- Specific epoxy group-containing compounds include ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, tripropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1, 6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, glycerin diglycidyl ether, 2,2-dibromoneopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,3,5,6-tetraglycidyl-2,4-hexanediol, N, N, N ′, N ′,-tetraglycidyl-m-xylenediamine, 1,3-bis (N, N-diglycidylaminomethyl) cyclohexane, N, N, N ′, N ′,-tetraglycidyl- , 4'-diaminodip
- the amount used is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin component contained in the polymer composition. More preferably, it is 1 to 20 parts by mass. If the amount used is less than 0.1 parts by mass, the effect of improving the adhesion cannot be expected, and if it exceeds 30 parts by mass, the orientation of the liquid crystal may deteriorate.
- a photosensitizer can also be used as an additive. Colorless and triplet sensitizers are preferred.
- photosensitizers aromatic nitro compounds, coumarins (7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin, 7-hydroxy4-methylcoumarin), ketocoumarins, carbonyl biscoumarins, aromatic 2-hydroxyketones, and amino-substituted Aromatic 2-hydroxyketones (2-hydroxybenzophenone, mono- or di-p- (dimethylamino) -2-hydroxybenzophenone), acetophenone, anthraquinone, xanthone, thioxanthone, benzanthrone, thiazoline (2-benzoylmethylene-3 -Methyl- ⁇ -naphthothiazoline, 2- ( ⁇ -naphthoylmethylene) -3-methylbenzothiazoline, 2- ( ⁇ -naphthoylmethylene) -3-methylbenzothiazoline, 2- (4-b
- Aromatic 2-hydroxy ketone (benzophenone), coumarin, ketocoumarin, carbonyl biscoumarin, acetophenone, anthraquinone, xanthone, thioxanthone, and acetophenone ketal are preferred.
- a dielectric, a conductive substance, or the like for the purpose of changing the electrical properties such as the dielectric constant and conductivity of the liquid crystal alignment film, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- a crosslinkable compound may be added for the purpose of increasing the hardness and density of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the polymer composition used in the present invention is preferably prepared as a coating solution so as to be suitable for forming a liquid crystal alignment film. That is, the polymer composition used in the present invention includes the above-described component (A) and the above-described solvent and compound that improve the film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness, and the compound that improves the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate. Etc. are preferably prepared as a solution in an organic solvent.
- the content of the component (A) is preferably 1% by mass to 20% by mass, more preferably 3% by mass to 15% by mass, and particularly preferably 3% by mass to 10% by mass.
- the content of the other polymer in the resin component is 0.5 to 80% by mass, preferably 1 to 50% by mass.
- examples of such other polymers include polymers that are made of poly (meth) acrylate, polyamic acid, polyimide, and the like and are not a photosensitive side chain polymer that can exhibit liquid crystallinity.
- the method for producing a substrate having the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is as follows. [I] (A) Side chain (a1) having a photoreactive site represented by the above formula (a), side having a photoreactive site different from the photoreactive site represented by the above formula (a) A side chain polymer having a chain (a2) and a side chain (a3) that exhibits liquid crystallinity; and (B) a polymer composition containing an organic solvent, a conductive film for lateral electric field driving Applying on a substrate having a coating to form a coating film; [II] a step of irradiating the coating film obtained in [I] with polarized ultraviolet rays; and [III] a step of heating the coating film obtained in [II]; Have
- a liquid crystal alignment film for a horizontal electric field drive type liquid crystal display element to which alignment control ability is imparted can be obtained, and a substrate having the liquid crystal alignment film can be obtained.
- a method for producing a substrate having the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention comprises: [I] (A) Side chain (a1) having a photoreactive site represented by the above formula (a), side having a photoreactive site different from the photoreactive site represented by the above formula (a) A side chain polymer having a chain (a2) and a side chain (a3) that exhibits liquid crystallinity; and (B) a polymer composition containing an organic solvent, a conductive film for lateral electric field driving Applying on a substrate having a coating to form a coating film; [II] a step of irradiating the coating film obtained in [I] with polarized ultraviolet rays; and [III] a step of heating the coating film obtained in [II]; Have Through the above steps, a liquid crystal alignment film for a lateral electric field drive type liquid crystal display element to which alignment control ability is imparted can be obtained, and a substrate having the liquid crystal alignment film can be obtained.
- a lateral electric field drive type liquid crystal display element can be obtained.
- the second substrate instead of using a substrate having no lateral electric field driving conductive film instead of a substrate having a lateral electric field driving conductive film, the above steps [I] to [III] (for lateral electric field driving) Since a substrate having no conductive film is used, for the sake of convenience, in this application, the steps [I ′] to [III ′] may be abbreviated as steps), thereby providing a first liquid crystal alignment film having alignment controllability. Two substrates can be obtained.
- the manufacturing method of the horizontal electric field drive type liquid crystal display element is: [IV] A step of obtaining a liquid crystal display element by arranging the first and second substrates obtained above so that the liquid crystal alignment films of the first and second substrates face each other with liquid crystal interposed therebetween; Have Thereby, a horizontal electric field drive type liquid crystal display element can be obtained.
- step [I] a polymer composition containing a photosensitive side chain polymer that exhibits liquid crystallinity in a predetermined temperature range and an organic solvent is applied onto a substrate having a conductive film for driving a lateral electric field. To form a coating film.
- ⁇ Board> Although it does not specifically limit about a board
- the substrate has a conductive film for driving a lateral electric field.
- the conductive film include, but are not limited to, ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) and IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide) when the liquid crystal display element is a transmission type.
- examples of the conductive film include a material that reflects light such as aluminum, but are not limited thereto.
- a method for forming a conductive film on a substrate a conventionally known method can be used.
- the method for applying the polymer composition described above onto a substrate having a conductive film for driving a lateral electric field is not particularly limited.
- the application method is generally performed by screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, an inkjet method, or the like.
- Other coating methods include a dipping method, a roll coater method, a slit coater method, a spinner method (rotary coating method), or a spray method, and these may be used depending on the purpose.
- the polymer composition After the polymer composition is applied on a substrate having a conductive film for driving a horizontal electric field, it is 50 to 200 ° C., preferably 50 to 200 ° C. by a heating means such as a hot plate, a heat circulation oven or an IR (infrared) oven.
- the solvent can be evaporated at 150 ° C. to obtain a coating film.
- the drying temperature at this time is preferably lower than the liquid crystal phase expression temperature of the side chain polymer. If the thickness of the coating film is too thick, it will be disadvantageous in terms of power consumption of the liquid crystal display element, and if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered.
- it is preferably 5 nm to 300 nm, more preferably 10 nm to 150 nm. It is. In addition, it is also possible to provide the process of cooling the board
- step [II] the coating film obtained in step [I] is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays.
- the substrate is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays through a polarizing plate from a certain direction.
- the ultraviolet rays to be used ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 100 nm to 400 nm can be used.
- the optimum wavelength is selected through a filter or the like depending on the type of coating film used.
- ultraviolet light having a wavelength in the range of 290 nm to 400 nm can be selected and used so that the photocrosslinking reaction can be selectively induced.
- the ultraviolet light for example, light emitted from a high-pressure mercury lamp can be used.
- the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet rays depends on the coating film used.
- the amount of irradiation is polarized ultraviolet light that realizes the maximum value of ⁇ A (hereinafter also referred to as ⁇ Amax), which is the difference between the ultraviolet light absorbance in a direction parallel to the polarization direction of polarized ultraviolet light and the ultraviolet light absorbance in a direction perpendicular to the polarization direction of the polarized ultraviolet light.
- the amount is preferably in the range of 1% to 70%, more preferably in the range of 1% to 50%.
- step [III] the ultraviolet-irradiated coating film polarized in step [II] is heated.
- An orientation control ability can be imparted to the coating film by heating.
- a heating means such as a hot plate, a heat circulation type oven, or an IR (infrared) type oven can be used.
- the heating temperature can be determined in consideration of the temperature at which the liquid crystallinity of the coating film used is developed.
- the heating temperature is preferably within a temperature range of a temperature at which the side chain polymer exhibits liquid crystallinity (hereinafter referred to as liquid crystallinity expression temperature).
- the liquid crystallinity expression temperature of the coating film surface may be lower than the liquid crystallinity expression temperature when a photosensitive side chain polymer capable of expressing liquid crystallinity is observed in bulk. is expected.
- the heating temperature is more preferably within the temperature range of the liquid crystallinity expression temperature on the coating film surface. That is, the temperature range of the heating temperature after irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays is 10 ° C.
- the temperature is in a range where the temperature is the upper limit. If the heating temperature is lower than the above temperature range, the anisotropic amplification effect due to heat in the coating film tends to be insufficient, and if the heating temperature is too higher than the above temperature range, the state of the coating film Tends to be close to an isotropic liquid state (isotropic phase), and in this case, self-organization may make it difficult to reorient in one direction.
- the liquid crystallinity temperature is equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) at which the side chain polymer or coating film surface undergoes a phase transition from the solid phase to the liquid crystal phase, and from the liquid crystal phase to the isotropic phase (isotropic phase). Refers to a temperature below the isotropic phase transition temperature (Tiso) that causes a phase transition.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the production method of the present invention can realize highly efficient introduction of anisotropy into the coating film. And a board
- the step [IV] is performed in the same manner as in the above [I ′] to [III ′], similarly to the substrate (first substrate) obtained in [III] and having the liquid crystal alignment film on the conductive film for lateral electric field driving.
- the obtained liquid crystal alignment film-attached substrate (second substrate) having no conductive film is placed oppositely so that both liquid crystal alignment films face each other through liquid crystal, and a liquid crystal cell is formed by a known method.
- This is a step of manufacturing a lateral electric field drive type liquid crystal display element.
- a substrate having no lateral electric field driving conductive film was used in place of the substrate having the lateral electric field driving conductive film in the step [I].
- steps [I] to [III] It can be carried out in the same manner as in steps [I] to [III]. Since the difference between the steps [I] to [III] and the steps [I ′] to [III ′] is only the presence or absence of the conductive film, the description of the steps [I ′] to [III ′] is omitted. To do.
- the first and second substrates described above are prepared, spacers are dispersed on the liquid crystal alignment film of one substrate, and the liquid crystal alignment film surface is on the inside.
- the other substrate is bonded and the liquid crystal is injected under reduced pressure, or the liquid crystal is dropped on the liquid crystal alignment film surface on which the spacers are dispersed, and then the substrate is bonded and sealed.
- Etc. can be illustrated.
- the diameter of the spacer at this time is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m. This spacer diameter determines the distance between the pair of substrates that sandwich the liquid crystal layer, that is, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer.
- substrate with a coating film of this invention irradiates the polarized ultraviolet-ray, after apply
- the coating film used in the present invention realizes the introduction of highly efficient anisotropy into the coating film by utilizing the principle of molecular reorientation induced by the side chain photoreaction and liquid crystallinity. .
- the coating film used in the method of the present invention is a liquid crystal alignment film having anisotropy introduced with high efficiency and excellent alignment control ability by sequentially performing irradiation of polarized ultraviolet rays on the coating film and heat treatment. can do.
- the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet rays to the coating film and the heating temperature in the heat treatment are optimized. Thereby, introduction of anisotropy into the coating film with high efficiency can be realized.
- the optimum irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet rays for introducing highly efficient anisotropy into the coating film used in the present invention is such that the photosensitive group undergoes photocrosslinking reaction, photoisomerization reaction, or photofries rearrangement reaction in the coating film.
- the photo-crosslinking reaction, photoisomerization reaction, or photo-fleece rearrangement reaction has few photosensitive groups in the side chain, the amount of photoreaction will not be sufficient. . In that case, sufficient self-organization does not proceed even after heating.
- the crosslinking reaction between the side chains is caused when the photosensitive group of the side chain undergoing the crosslinking reaction becomes excessive. Too much progress. In that case, the resulting film may become rigid and hinder the progress of self-assembly by subsequent heating.
- the coating film used in the present invention is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays to the structure having the light Fleece rearrangement group, if the photosensitive group of the side chain that undergoes the light Fleece rearrangement reaction becomes excessive, the liquid crystallinity of the coating film Will drop too much.
- the liquid crystallinity of the obtained film is also lowered, which may hinder the progress of self-assembly by subsequent heating. Furthermore, when irradiating polarized ultraviolet light to a structure having a photo-fleece rearrangement group, if the amount of ultraviolet light irradiation is too large, the side-chain polymer is photodegraded, preventing the subsequent self-organization by heating. It may become.
- the optimum amount of the photopolymerization reaction, photoisomerization reaction, or photofleece rearrangement reaction of the side chain photosensitive group by irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays is the side chain polymer film. It is preferably 0.1 to 40 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 20 mol% of the photosensitive group possessed by.
- the coating film used in the method of the present invention by optimizing the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet rays, photocrosslinking reaction or photoisomerization reaction of photosensitive groups or photofleece rearrangement reaction in the side chain of the side chain polymer film Optimize the amount of. Then, in combination with the subsequent heat treatment, highly efficient introduction of anisotropy into the coating film used in the present invention is realized. In that case, a suitable amount of polarized ultraviolet rays can be determined based on the evaluation of ultraviolet absorption of the coating film used in the present invention.
- the ultraviolet absorption in the direction parallel to the polarization direction of the polarized ultraviolet ray and the ultraviolet absorption in the vertical direction after the irradiation with the polarized ultraviolet ray are measured.
- ⁇ A which is the difference between the ultraviolet absorbance in the direction parallel to the polarization direction of polarized ultraviolet rays and the ultraviolet absorbance in the direction perpendicular to the polarization direction of the polarized ultraviolet rays.
- the maximum value of ⁇ A ( ⁇ Amax) realized in the coating film used in the present invention and the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet light that realizes it are obtained.
- a preferable amount of polarized ultraviolet rays to be irradiated in the production of the liquid crystal alignment film can be determined on the basis of the amount of polarized ultraviolet rays to realize this ⁇ Amax.
- the amount of irradiation of polarized ultraviolet rays onto the coating film used in the present invention is preferably in the range of 1% to 70% of the amount of polarized ultraviolet rays that realizes ⁇ Amax. More preferably, it is within the range of 50%.
- the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet light within the range of 1% to 50% of the amount of polarized ultraviolet light that realizes ⁇ Amax is 0. 0% of the entire photosensitive group of the side chain polymer film. 1 mol% to 20 mol% corresponds to the amount of polarized ultraviolet light that undergoes a photocrosslinking reaction.
- a suitable heating temperature as described above is set based on the liquid crystal temperature range of the side chain polymer. It is good to decide. Therefore, for example, when the liquid crystal temperature range of the side chain polymer used in the present invention is 100 ° C. to 200 ° C., the heating temperature after irradiation with polarized ultraviolet light is desirably 90 ° C. to 190 ° C. By doing so, greater anisotropy is imparted to the coating film used in the present invention.
- the liquid crystal display element provided by the present invention exhibits high reliability against external stresses such as light and heat.
- the lateral electric field drive type liquid crystal display element substrate manufactured by the method of the present invention or the lateral electric field drive type liquid crystal display element having the substrate has excellent reliability, large screen and high definition. It can be suitably used for LCD TVs.
- M1 and M2 as monomers having a photoreactive group used in the examples M3 as a monomer having a liquid crystal group, HBAGE as a monomer having a crosslinking group, and A1 as a monomer having an amide group are shown below.
- M1, M2, and M3 were each synthesized as follows. That is, M1 was synthesized by the synthesis method described in the patent document (WO2011-084546). M2 was synthesized by a synthesis method described in a patent document (WO2014 / 054785 pamphlet). M3 was synthesized by the synthesis method described in the patent document (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-118717).
- a polymer formed using M1 as a monomer has photoreactivity and liquid crystallinity, and a polymer formed using M3 as a monomer has only liquid crystallinity.
- the monomer A1 to be copolymerized was synthesized by a synthesis method described in a patent document (WO2014 / 054785 pamphlet). As HBAGE (hydroxybutyl acrylate glycidyl ether), a commercially available product was used.
- ISPDA Isophorone diisocyanate (diamine component)
- DDM 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane
- Me-4APhA N-methyl-2- (4-aminophenyl) ethylamine
- Me-DADPA 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl (N-methyl) amine (tetracarboxylic dianhydride)
- TDA 3,4-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalene succinic dianhydride (organic solvent)
- THF Tetrahydrofuran
- NMP N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone
- BCS Butyl cellosorb (polymerization initiator)
- AIBN 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile
- Example 1 The methacrylate polymer powder P1 (1.2 g) obtained in the photoalignment polymer synthesis example P1 was added to NMP (12.8 g), and the mixture was dissolved by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. Thereafter, BCS (6.0 g) was added and stirred to obtain a polymer solution T1. This polymer solution T1 was used as a liquid crystal aligning agent for forming a liquid crystal alignment film as it was.
- Example 2 The methacrylate polymer powder P1 (0.36 g) obtained in the photoalignment polymer synthesis example P1 was added to NMP (8.04 g), and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to dissolve. To this solution, the polymer solution T2 was obtained by adding and stirring the polyamic acid solution L1 (5.6 g) obtained in Polymer Synthesis Example L1 and BCS (6.0 g). This polymer solution T2 was used as a liquid crystal aligning agent for forming a liquid crystal alignment film as it was.
- liquid crystal aligning agents T1 to T2 of Examples 1 to 2 and the liquid crystal aligning agents CT1 to CT4 of the controls 1 to 4 are as follows. Table 2 summarizes.
- Example 2 The liquid crystal aligning agent (T1) obtained in Example 1 was filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m filter, spin-coated on a glass substrate with a transparent electrode, dried on a hot plate at 70 ° C. for 90 seconds, and a film thickness of 100 nm. A liquid crystal alignment film was formed. Next, the surface of the coating film was irradiated with 5 to 30 mJ / cm 2 of 313 nm ultraviolet rays via a polarizing plate and then heated on a hot plate at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
- Two substrates with such a liquid crystal alignment film are prepared, a 6 ⁇ m spacer is set on the liquid crystal alignment film surface of one substrate, and the two substrates are combined so that the rubbing directions are parallel to each other.
- the periphery was sealed, and an empty cell with a cell gap of 4 ⁇ m was produced.
- Liquid crystal MLC-3019 manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.
- a liquid crystal cell was prepared using the liquid crystal aligning agent T2 obtained in Example 2 and the liquid crystal aligning agents CT1 to CT4 obtained in Controls 1 to 4.
- VHR voltage holding ratio
Abstract
Description
しかしながら、ポリイミドなどからなる液晶配向膜の表面を擦るラビング法は、発塵や静電気の発生が問題となることがあった。また、近年の液晶表素子の高精細化や、対応する基板上の電極や液晶駆動用のスイッチング能動素子による凹凸のため、液晶配向膜の表面を布で均一に擦ることができず、均一な液晶の配向を実現できないことがあった。
そこで、ラビングを行わない液晶配向膜の別の配向処理方法として、光配向法が盛んに検討されている。
(B)有機溶媒
を含有する重合体組成物。
Sは、炭素数1~12のアルキレン基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はハロゲン基に置き換えられていてもよい;
Tは、単結合または炭素数1~12のアルキレン基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はハロゲン基に置き換えられていてもよい;
Y1は、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環および炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素から選ばれる環を表すか、それらの置換基から選ばれる同一又は相異なった2~6の環が結合基Bを介して結合してなる基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-COOR0(式中、R0は水素原子又は炭素数1~5のアルキル基を表す)、-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
Y2は、2価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、フラン環、ピロール環、炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、それらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
Rは、ヒドロキシ基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基を表すか、又はY1と同じ定義を表す;
Xは、単結合、-COO-、-OCO-、-N=N-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-CH=CH-CO-O-、又は-O-CO-CH=CH-を表し、Xの数が2となるときは、X同士は同一でも異なっていてもよい;
Couは、クマリン-6-イル基またはクマリン-7-イル基を表し、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
q1とq2は、一方が1で他方が0である;
q3は0または1である;
P及びQは、各々独立に、2価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環、炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、それらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる基である;ただし、Xが-CH=CH-CO-O-、-O-CO-CH=CH-である場合、-CH=CH-が結合する側のP又はQは芳香環であり、Pの数が2以上となるときは、P同士は同一でも異なっていてもよく、Qの数が2以上となるときは、Q同士は同一でも異なっていてもよい;
l1は0または1である;
l2は0~2の整数である;
l1とl2がともに0であるときは、Tが単結合であるときはAも単結合を表す;
l1が1であるときは、Tが単結合であるときはBも単結合を表す;
H及びIは、各々独立に、2価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環、およびそれらの組み合わせから選ばれる基である。
式中、A及びBは上記と同じ定義を有する;
Y3は、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、窒素含有複素環、及び炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、それらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
R3は、水素原子、-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、窒素含有複素環、炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、炭素数1~12のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基を表す;
q1とq2は、一方が1で他方が0である;
lは1~12の整数を表し、mは0から2の整数を表し、但し、式(23)~(24)において、全てのmの合計は2以上であり、式(25)~(26)において、全てのmの合計は1以上であり、m1、m2およびm3は、それぞれ独立に1~3の整数を表す;
R2は、水素原子、-NO2、-CN、ハロゲン基、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、窒素含有複素環、及び炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、アルキル基、又はアルキルオキシ基を表す;
Z1、Z2は単結合、-CO-、-CH2O-、-CH=N-、-CF2-を表す。
[II] [I]で得られた塗膜に偏光した紫外線を照射する工程;及び
[III] [II]で得られた塗膜を加熱する工程;
を有することによって配向制御能が付与された横電界駆動型液晶表示素子用液晶配向膜を得る、前記液晶配向膜を有する基板の製造方法。
<6> 上記<5>の方法により製造された横電界駆動型液晶表示素子用液晶配向膜を有する基板。
<7> 上記<6>の基板を有する横電界駆動型液晶表示素子。
<8> 上記<6>の基板(第1の基板)を準備する工程;
[I’] 第2の基板上に上記<1>~<17>のいずれかの重合体組成物を、塗布して塗膜を形成する工程;
[II’] [I’]で得られた塗膜に偏光した紫外線を照射する工程;及び
[III’] [II’]で得られた塗膜を加熱する工程;
を有することによって配向制御能が付与された液晶配向膜を得る、該液晶配向膜を有する第2の基板を得る工程;及び
[IV] 液晶を介して第1及び第2の基板の液晶配向膜が相対するように、第1及び第2の基板を対向配置して液晶表示素子を得る工程;
を有することにより、横電界駆動型液晶表示素子を得る、該液晶表示素子の製造方法。
<9> 上記<8>により製造された横電界駆動型液晶表示素子。
本発明の重合体組成物は、液晶性を発現し得る感光性の側鎖型高分子(以下、単に側鎖型高分子とも呼ぶ)を有しており、前記重合体組成物を用いて得られる塗膜は、液晶性を発現し得る感光性の側鎖型高分子を有する膜である。この塗膜にはラビング処理を行うこと無く、偏光照射によって配向処理を行う。そして、偏光照射の後、その側鎖型高分子膜を加熱する工程を経て、配向制御能が付与された塗膜(以下、液晶配向膜とも称する)となる。このとき、偏光照射によって発現した僅かな異方性がドライビングフォースとなり、液晶性の側鎖型高分子自体が自己組織化により効率的に再配向する。その結果、液晶配向膜として高効率な配向処理が実現し、高い配向制御能が付与された液晶配向膜を得ることができる。
横電界駆動用の導電膜を有する基板上、特に導電膜上に、重合体組成物を塗布する。
本発明の製造方法に用いられる、該重合体組成物は、
(A)所定の温度範囲で液晶性を発現する感光性の側鎖型高分子であって、
下記式(a)で表される光反応性部位を有する側鎖(a1)、
下記式(a)で表される光反応性部位とは異なる光反応性部位を有する側鎖(a2)、及び
液晶性を発現する側鎖(a3)
を有する側鎖型高分子;及び
(B)有機溶媒
を含有することを特徴とする。
(A)成分の側鎖型高分子は、所定の温度範囲で液晶性を発現する感光性の側鎖型高分子であって、
上記式(a)で表される光反応性部位を有する側鎖(a1)と、
上記式(a)で表される光反応性部位とは異なる光反応性部位を有する側鎖(a2)と、
液晶性を発現する側鎖(a3)と
を有する。
(A)成分の側鎖型高分子は、250nm~400nmの波長範囲の光に反応する感光性側鎖を有することが好ましい。
(A)成分の側鎖型高分子は、100℃~300℃の温度範囲で液晶性を示すため液晶性を発現する側鎖(a3)を有することが好ましい。
(A)成分の側鎖型高分子は、式(a)で表される光反応性部位とは異なる光反応性部位を有する側鎖(a2)を有する。ここで、「式(a)で表される光反応性部位とは異なる光反応性部位を有する」とは、光反応性部位を有するが、式(a)で表される光反応性部位は有しない意味である。すなわち側鎖(a2)とは、光に感応して架橋反応、異性化反応、または光フリース転位を起こす部位を有するととともに、式(a)で表される光反応性部位は有しない側鎖のことである。
Sは、炭素数1~12のアルキレン基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はハロゲン基に置き換えられていてもよい;
Tは、単結合または炭素数1~12のアルキレン基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はハロゲン基に置き換えられていてもよい;
Y1は、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環および炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素から選ばれる環を表すか、それらの置換基から選ばれる同一又は相異なった2~6の環が結合基Bを介して結合してなる基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-COOR0(式中、R0は水素原子又は炭素数1~5のアルキル基を表す)、-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
Y2は、2価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、フラン環、ピロール環、炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、それらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
Rは、ヒドロキシ基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基を表すか、又はY1と同じ定義を表す;
Xは、単結合、-COO-、-OCO-、-N=N-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-CH=CH-CO-O-、又は-O-CO-CH=CH-を表し、Xの数が2となるときは、X同士は同一でも異なっていてもよい;
Couは、クマリン-6-イル基またはクマリン-7-イル基を表し、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
q1とq2は、一方が1で他方が0である;
q3は0または1である;
P及びQは、各々独立に、2価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環、炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、それらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる基である;ただし、Xが-CH=CH-CO-O-、-O-CO-CH=CH-である場合、-CH=CH-が結合する側のP又はQは芳香環であり、Pの数が2以上となるときは、P同士は同一でも異なっていてもよく、Qの数が2以上となるときは、Q同士は同一でも異なっていてもよい;
l1は0または1である;
l2は0~2の整数である;
l1とl2がともに0であるときは、Tが単結合であるときはAも単結合を表す;
l1が1であるときは、Tが単結合であるときはBも単結合を表す;
H及びIは、各々独立に、2価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環、およびそれらの組み合わせから選ばれる基である。
式中、A、B、D、Y1、X、Y2、及びRは、上記と同じ定義を有する;
lは1~12の整数を表す;
mは、0~2の整数を表し、m1、m2は1~3の整数を表す;
nは0~12の整数(ただしn=0のときBは単結合である)を表す。
式中、A、X、l、m、m1及びRは、上記と同じ定義を有する。
式中、A、Y1、l、m1及びm2は上記と同じ定義を有する。
式中、A、X、l及びmは、上記と同じ定義を有する。
式中、A、B、Y1、q1、q2、m1、及びm2は、上記と同じ定義を有する。
R1は、水素原子、-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基を表す。
式中、A、Y1、X、l及びmは上記と同じ定義を有する。
また、(A)成分の側鎖型高分子は、下記式(a)で表される光反応性部位を有する側鎖(a1)を含有する。
式(a1-1)中、Xは単結合、-O-、-C(=O)-O-または-O-C(=O)-を表す。
さらに、(A)成分の側鎖型高分子は、液晶性を発現する側鎖(a3)を含有する。ここで側鎖(a3)とは、液晶性を発現する側鎖であって、それ自体がメソゲン性を発現しうる側鎖であるか、または、水素結合等で2量化することによりメソゲン性を発現しうる側鎖をいう。
式中、A、B、q1及びq2は上記と同じ定義を有する;
Y3は、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、窒素含有複素環、及び炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、それらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
R3は、水素原子、-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、窒素含有複素環、炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、炭素数1~12のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基を表す;
lは1~12の整数を表し、mは0から2の整数を表し、但し、式(23)~(24)において、全てのmの合計は2以上であり、式(25)~(26)において、全てのmの合計は1以上であり、m1、m2およびm3は、それぞれ独立に1~3の整数を表す;
R2は、水素原子、-NO2、-CN、ハロゲン基、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、窒素含有複素環、及び炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、アルキル基、又はアルキルオキシ基を表す;
Z1、Z2は単結合、-CO-、-CH2O-、-CH=N-、-CF2-を表す。
上記の液晶性を発現し得る感光性の側鎖型高分子は、式(a)で表される構造単位を有するモノマー、上記式(a)で表される光反応性部位とは異なる光反応性部位を有する光反応性側鎖モノマー(M1)、および液晶性側鎖モノマー(M2)を重合することによって得ることができる。
式(a)で表される構造単位を有するモノマーとしては、下記式(am1-1)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
式(am1-1)中、Xは単結合、-O-、-C(=O)-O-または-O-C(=O)-を表す。
式(am1-1)中、PLは重合可能な基であり、下記式PL-1~PL-5からなる群から選ばれる重合性基を表す。式PL-1~PL-5中、R1及びR2、R3は、水素原子、炭素数1~10の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基、又はハロゲンで置換された炭素数1~10の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基を表す( *は、Lとの結合位置を表す)。
光反応性側鎖モノマーとは、高分子を形成した場合に、高分子の側鎖部位に前記感光性側鎖(a2)を有する高分子を形成することができるモノマーのことである。
側鎖の有する光反応性基としては下記の構造およびその誘導体が好ましい。
MA2は特許文献(特開平9-118717)に記載の合成法にて合成を行うことができる。
MA3が非特許文献(Macromolecules 2002, 35, 706-713)に記載の合成法にて合成を行うことができる。
MA4は、特許文献(WO2014/054785)に記載の合成方法にて合成を行うことができる。
MA5は特許文献(特開2010-18807)に記載の合成法にて合成を行うことができる。
MA6~MA9は、特許文献(WO2014/054785)に記載の合成方法にて合成を行うことができる。
MA10は市販購入可能であるM6BC(みどり化学株式会社製)を用いることができる。
MA11~13は、特許文献(WO2014/054785)に記載の合成方法にて合成を行うことができる。
MA19~23は、特許文献(WO2014/054785)に記載の合成方法にて合成を行うことができる。
MA24は、非特許文献(Polymer Journal, Vol.29, No.4, pp303-308(1997))に記載の合成方法にて合成を行うことができる。
MA25は、特許文献(WO2014/054785)に記載の合成方法にて合成を行うことができる。
MA26及びMA27は、各々、非特許文献(Macromolecules (2012),45(21),8547-8554)、非特許文献(Liquid Crystals (1995), 19(4),433-40)に記載の合成方法にて合成を行うことができる。
MA28~33は、特許文献(WO2014/054785)に記載の合成方法にて合成を行うことができる。
MA34~39は、特許文献(WO2014/054785)に記載の合成方法にて合成を行うことができる。
MA40及び41は、特許文献(特表2009-511431号)に記載の合成方法にて合成を行うことができる。
MA42は、特許文献(WO2014/054785)に記載の合成方法にて合成を行うことができる。
MA43は、特許文献(WO2012-115129)に記載の合成方法にて合成を行うことができる。
MA44は、特許文献(WO2013-133078)に記載の合成方法にて合成を行うことができる。
MA45は、特許文献(WO2008-072652)に記載の合成方法にて合成を行うことができる。
MA46は、特許文献(WO2014/054785)に記載の合成方法にて合成を行うことができる。
液晶性のみを発現する構造を有するモノマー(M2)とは、該モノマー由来のポリマーが液晶性を発現し、該ポリマーが側鎖部位にメソゲン基を形成することができるモノマーのことである。
(A)成分である高分子は、(M-3)架橋性基を有するモノマー、具体的には下記式(G-1)、(G-2)、(G-3)及び(G-4)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の基を有するモノマー(M3)、より具体的には下記式(0)で表される構造を有するモノマー;を有して形成されてもよい。
上記式(0)で表される構造を有するモノマーのより具体的な例としては、炭化水素、(メタ)アクリレート、イタコネート、フマレート、マレエート、α-メチレン-γ-ブチロラクトン、スチレン、ビニル、マレイミド、ノルボルネン等のラジカル重合性基およびシロキサンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種から構成された重合性基と、上記式(0)で表される構造とを有するのが好ましい。
アジリジンを有するモノマーとしては、具体的には、例えば、上記エポキシ基を有するモノマーのエポキシ構造がアジリジンまたは1-メチルアジリジンに置き換わったもの等が挙げられる。
ポリマー(A1)及び/又はポリマー(A2)は、所望により、(M-4)窒素含有芳香族複素環基、アミド基及びウレタン基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の基を有するモノマー(M4);を有して形成されてもよい。
これらのうち、例えば、ピリジン環が好ましい。
スチレン化合物としては、例えば、スチレン、メチルスチレン、クロロスチレン、ブロモスチレン等が挙げられる。
マレイミド化合物としては、例えば、マレイミド、N-メチルマレイミド、N-フェニルマレイミド、及びN-シクロヘキシルマレイミド等が挙げられる。
また、ラジカル重合において有機溶媒中の酸素は重合反応を阻害する原因となるので、有機溶媒は可能な程度に脱気されたものを用いることが好ましい。
上述の反応により得られた反応溶液から、生成したポリマーを回収する場合には、反応溶液を貧溶媒に投入して、それら重合体を沈殿させれば良い。沈殿に用いる貧溶媒としては、メタノール、アセトン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、ブチルセルソルブ、ヘプタン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、エタノール、トルエン、ベンゼン、ジエチルエーテル、メチルエチルエーテル、水等を挙げることができる。貧溶媒に投入して沈殿させた重合体は、濾過して回収した後、常圧あるいは減圧下で、常温あるいは加熱して乾燥することができる。また、沈殿回収した重合体を、有機溶媒に再溶解させ、再沈殿回収する操作を2回~10回繰り返すと、重合体中の不純物を少なくすることができる。この際の貧溶媒として、例えば、アルコール類、ケトン類、炭化水素等が挙げられ、これらの中から選ばれる3種類以上の貧溶媒を用いると、より一層精製の効率が上がるので好ましい。
本発明に用いられる重合体組成物に用いる有機溶媒は、樹脂成分を溶解させる有機溶媒であれば特に限定されない。その具体例を以下に挙げる。
N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-メチルカプロラクタム、2-ピロリドン、N-エチルピロリドン、N-ビニルピロリドン、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラメチル尿素、ピリジン、ジメチルスルホン、ヘキサメチルスルホキシド、γ-ブチロラクトン、3-メトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、3-エトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、1,3-ジメチル-イミダゾリジノン、エチルアミルケトン、メチルノニルケトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソアミルケトン、メチルイソプロピルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ジグライム、4-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-2-ペンタノン、プロピレングリコールモノアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコール-tert-ブチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコールモノアセテート、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノアセテートモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノアセテートモノエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノアセテートモノプロピルエーテル、3-メチル-3-メトキシブチルアセテート、トリプロピレングリコールメチルエーテル等が挙げられる。これらは単独で使用しても、混合して使用してもよい。
本発明に用いられる重合体組成物は、上記(A)、(B)及び(C)成分以外の成分を含有してもよい。その例としては、重合体組成物を塗布した際の、膜厚均一性や表面平滑性を向上させる溶媒や化合物、液晶配向膜と基板との密着性を向上させる化合物等を挙げることができるが、これに限定されない。
例えば、イソプロピルアルコール、メトキシメチルペンタノール、メチルセロソルブ、エチルセロソルブ、ブチルセロソルブ、メチルセロソルブアセテート、エチルセロソルブアセテート、ブチルカルビトール、エチルカルビトール、エチルカルビトールアセテート、エチレングリコール、エチレングリコールモノアセテート、エチレングリコールモノイソプロピルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、プロピレングリコール、プロピレングリコールモノアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコール-tert-ブチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコールモノアセテート、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノアセテートモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノアセテートモノエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノアセテートモノプロピルエーテル、3-メチル-3-メトキシブチルアセテート、トリプロピレングリコールメチルエーテル、3-メチル-3-メトキシブタノール、ジイソプロピルエーテル、エチルイソブチルエーテル、ジイソブチレン、アミルアセテート、ブチルブチレート、ブチルエーテル、ジイソブチルケトン、メチルシクロへキセン、プロピルエーテル、ジヘキシルエーテル、1-ヘキサノール、n-へキサン、n-ペンタン、n-オクタン、ジエチルエーテル、乳酸メチル、乳酸エチル、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸n-ブチル、酢酸プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ピルビン酸メチル、ピルビン酸エチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸メチルエチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸、3-メトキシプロピオン酸、3-メトキシプロピオン酸プロピル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸ブチル、1-メトキシ-2-プロパノール、1-エトキシ-2-プロパノール、1-ブトキシ-2-プロパノール、1-フェノキシ-2-プロパノール、プロピレングリコールモノアセテート、プロピレングリコールジアセテート、プロピレングリコール-1-モノメチルエーテル-2-アセテート、プロピレングリコール-1-モノエチルエーテル-2-アセテート、ジプロピレングリコール、2-(2-エトキシプロポキシ)プロパノール、乳酸メチルエステル、乳酸エチルエステル、乳酸n-プロピルエステル、乳酸n-ブチルエステル、乳酸イソアミルエステル等の低表面張力を有する溶媒等が挙げられる。
より具体的には、例えば、エフトップ(登録商標)301、EF303、EF352(トーケムプロダクツ社製)、メガファック(登録商標)F171、F173、R-30(DIC社製)、フロラードFC430、FC431(住友スリーエム社製)、アサヒガード(登録商標)AG710(旭硝子社製)、サーフロン(登録商標)S-382、SC101、SC102、SC103、SC104、SC105、SC106(AGCセイミケミカル社製)等が挙げられる。これらの界面活性剤の使用割合は、重合体組成物に含有される樹脂成分の100質量部に対して、好ましくは0.01質量部~2質量部、より好ましくは0.01質量部~1質量部である。
例えば、3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、2-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、2-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-(2-アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-(2-アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-ウレイドプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-ウレイドプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-エトキシカルボニル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-エトキシカルボニル-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-トリエトキシシリルプロピルトリエチレントリアミン、N-トリメトキシシリルプロピルトリエチレントリアミン、10-トリメトキシシリル-1,4,7-トリアザデカン、10-トリエトキシシリル-1,4,7-トリアザデカン、9-トリメトキシシリル-3,6-ジアザノニルアセテート、9-トリエトキシシリル-3,6-ジアザノニルアセテート、N-ベンジル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-ベンジル-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-フェニル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-フェニル-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-ビス(オキシエチレン)-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-ビス(オキシエチレン)-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン等が挙げられる。
光増感剤としては、芳香族ニトロ化合物、クマリン(7-ジエチルアミノ-4-メチルクマリン、7-ヒドロキシ4-メチルクマリン)、ケトクマリン、カルボニルビスクマリン、芳香族2-ヒドロキシケトン、およびアミノ置換された、芳香族2-ヒドロキシケトン(2-ヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、モノ-もしくはジ-p-(ジメチルアミノ)-2-ヒドロキシベンゾフェノン)、アセトフェノン、アントラキノン、キサントン、チオキサントン、ベンズアントロン、チアゾリン(2-ベンゾイルメチレン-3-メチル-β-ナフトチアゾリン、2-(β-ナフトイルメチレン)-3-メチルベンゾチアゾリン、2-(α-ナフトイルメチレン)-3-メチルベンゾチアゾリン、2-(4-ビフェノイルメチレン)-3-メチルベンゾチアゾリン、2-(β-ナフトイルメチレン)-3-メチル
-β-ナフトチアゾリン、2-(4-ビフェノイルメチレン)-3-メチル-β-ナフトチアゾリン、2-(p-フルオロベンゾイルメチレン)-3-メチル-β-ナフトチアゾリン)、オキサゾリン(2-ベンゾイルメチレン-3-メチル-β-ナフトオキサゾリン、2-(β-ナフトイルメチレン)-3-メチルベンゾオキサゾリン、2-(α-ナフトイルメチレン)-3-メチルベンゾオキサゾリン、2-(4-ビフェノイルメチレン)-3-メチルベンゾオキサゾリン、2-(β-ナフトイルメチレン)-3-メチル-β-ナフトオキサゾリン、2-(4-ビフェノイルメチレン)-3-メチル-β-ナフトオキサゾリン、2-(p-フルオロベンゾイルメチレン)-3-メチル-β-ナフトオキサゾリン)、ベンゾチアゾール、ニトロアニリン(m-もしくはp-ニトロアニリン、2,4,6-トリニトロアニリン)またはニトロアセナフテン(5-ニトロアセナフテン)、(2-[(m-ヒドロキシ-p-メトキシ)スチリル]ベンゾチアゾール、ベンゾインアルキルエーテル、N-アルキル化フタロン、アセトフェノンケタール(2,2-ジメトキシフェニルエタノン)、ナフタレン、アントラセン(2-ナフタレンメタノール、2-ナフタレンカルボン酸、9-アントラセンメタノール、および9-アントラセンカルボン酸)、ベンゾピラン、アゾインドリジン、メロクマリン等がある。
好ましくは、芳香族2-ヒドロキシケトン(ベンゾフェノン)、クマリン、ケトクマリン、カルボニルビスクマリン、アセトフェノン、アントラキノン、キサントン、チオキサントン、およびアセトフェノンケタールである。
本発明に用いられる重合体組成物は、液晶配向膜の形成に好適となるように塗布液として調製されることが好ましい。すなわち、本発明に用いられる重合体組成物は、上述の(A)成分及び上述の膜厚均一性や表面平滑性を向上させる溶媒や化合物、液晶配向膜と基板との密着性を向上させる化合物等が有機溶媒に溶解した溶液として調製されることが好ましい。ここで、(A)成分の含有量は、1質量%~20質量%が好ましく、より好ましくは3質量%~15質量%、特に好ましくは3質量%~10質量%である。
そのような他の重合体は、例えば、ポリ(メタ)アクリレートやポリアミック酸やポリイミド等からなり、液晶性を発現し得る感光性の側鎖型高分子ではない重合体等が挙げられる。
本発明の液晶配向膜を有する基板の製造方法は、
[I] (A)上記式(a)で表される光反応性部位を有する側鎖(a1)、上記式(a)で表される光反応性部位とは異なる光反応性部位を有する側鎖(a2)及び液晶性を発現する側鎖(a3)を有する側鎖型高分子;及び
(B)有機溶媒
を含有することを特徴とする重合体組成物を、横電界駆動用の導電膜を有する基板上に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程;
[II] [I]で得られた塗膜に偏光した紫外線を照射する工程;及び
[III] [II]で得られた塗膜を加熱する工程;
を有する。
[I] (A)上記式(a)で表される光反応性部位を有する側鎖(a1)、上記式(a)で表される光反応性部位とは異なる光反応性部位を有する側鎖(a2)及び液晶性を発現する側鎖(a3)を有する側鎖型高分子;及び
(B) 有機溶媒
を含有することを特徴とする重合体組成物を、横電界駆動用の導電膜を有する基板上に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程;
[II] [I]で得られた塗膜に偏光した紫外線を照射する工程;及び
[III] [II]で得られた塗膜を加熱する工程;
を有する。
上記工程により、配向制御能が付与された横電界駆動型液晶表示素子用液晶配向膜を得ることができ、該液晶配向膜を有する基板を得ることができる。
第2の基板は、横電界駆動用の導電膜を有する基板に代わって、横電界駆動用の導電膜を有しない基板を用いる以外、上記工程[I]~[III](横電界駆動用の導電膜を有しない基板を用いるため、便宜上、本願において、工程[I’]~[III’]と略記する場合がある)を用いることにより、配向制御能が付与された液晶配向膜を有する第2の基板を得ることができる。
[IV] 上記で得られた第1及び第2の基板を、液晶を介して第1及び第2の基板の液晶配向膜が相対するように、対向配置して液晶表示素子を得る工程;
を有する。これにより横電界駆動型液晶表示素子を得ることができる。
<工程[I]>
工程[I]では、横電界駆動用の導電膜を有する基板上に、所定の温度範囲で液晶性を発現する感光性の側鎖型高分子、及び有機溶媒を含有する重合体組成物を塗布して塗膜を形成する。
基板については、特に限定はされないが、製造される液晶表示素子が透過型である場合、透明性の高い基板が用いられることが好ましい。その場合、特に限定はされず、ガラス基板、またはアクリル基板やポリカーボネート基板等のプラスチック基板等を用いることができる。
また、反射型の液晶表示素子への適用を考慮し、シリコンウェハなどの不透明な基板も使用できる。
基板は、横電界駆動用の導電膜を有する。
該導電膜として、液晶表示素子が透過型である場合、ITO(Indium Tin Oxide:酸化インジウムスズ)、IZO(Indium Zinc Oxide:酸化インジウム亜鉛)などを挙げることができるが、これらに限定されない。
また、反射型の液晶表示素子の場合、導電膜として、アルミなどの光を反射する材料などを挙げることができるがこれらに限定されない。
基板に導電膜を形成する方法は、従来公知の手法を用いることができる。
塗布方法は、工業的には、スクリーン印刷、オフセット印刷、フレキソ印刷またはインクジェット法などで行う方法が一般的である。その他の塗布方法としては、ディップ法、ロールコータ法、スリットコータ法、スピンナ法(回転塗布法)またはスプレー法などがあり、目的に応じてこれらを用いてもよい。
塗膜の厚みは、厚すぎると液晶表示素子の消費電力の面で不利となり、薄すぎると液晶表示素子の信頼性が低下する場合があるので、好ましくは5nm~300nm、より好ましくは10nm~150nmである。
尚、[I]工程の後、続く[II]工程の前に塗膜の形成された基板を室温にまで冷却する工程を設けることも可能である。
工程[II]では、工程[I]で得られた塗膜に偏光した紫外線を照射する。塗膜の膜面に偏光した紫外線を照射する場合、基板に対して一定の方向から偏光板を介して偏光された紫外線を照射する。使用する紫外線としては、波長100nm~400nmの範囲の紫外線を使用することができる。好ましくは、使用する塗膜の種類によりフィルター等を介して最適な波長を選択する。そして、例えば、選択的に光架橋反応を誘起できるように、波長290nm~400nmの範囲の紫外線を選択して使用することができる。紫外線としては、例えば、高圧水銀灯から放射される光を用いることができる。
工程[III]では、工程[II]で偏光した紫外線の照射された塗膜を加熱する。加熱により、塗膜に配向制御能を付与することができる。
加熱は、ホットプレート、熱循環型オーブンまたはIR(赤外線)型オーブンなどの加熱手段を用いることができる。加熱温度は、使用する塗膜の液晶性を発現させる温度を考慮して決めることができる。
なお、液晶性発現温度は、側鎖型高分子または塗膜表面が固体相から液晶相に相転移がおきるガラス転移温度(Tg)以上であって、液晶相からアイソトロピック相(等方相)に相転移を起こすアイソトロピック相転移温度(Tiso)以下の温度をいう。
[IV]工程は、[III]で得られた、横電界駆動用の導電膜上に液晶配向膜を有する基板(第1の基板)と、同様に上記[I’]~[III’]で得られた、導電膜を有しない液晶配向膜付基板(第2の基板)とを、液晶を介して、双方の液晶配向膜が相対するように対向配置して、公知の方法で液晶セルを作製し、横電界駆動型液晶表示素子を作製する工程である。なお、工程[I’]~[III’]は、工程[I]において、横電界駆動用の導電膜を有する基板の代わりに、該横電界駆動用導電膜を有しない基板を用いた以外、工程[I]~[III]と同様に行うことができる。工程[I]~[III]と工程[I’]~[III’]との相違点は、上述した導電膜の有無だけであるため、工程[I’]~[III’]の説明を省略する。
本発明に用いる塗膜では、側鎖の光反応と液晶性に基づく自己組織化によって誘起される分子再配向の原理を利用して、塗膜への高効率な異方性の導入を実現する。本発明の製造方法では、側鎖型高分子に光反応性基として光架橋性基を有する構造の場合、側鎖型高分子を用いて基板上に塗膜を形成した後、偏光した紫外線を照射し、次いで、加熱を行った後、液晶表示素子を作成する。
M1、M2、M3は、それぞれ、次のようにして合成した。即ち、M1は特許文献(WO2011-084546)に記載の合成法にて合成した。M2は特許文献(WO2014/054785号パンフレット)に記載の合成法にて合成した。M3は特許文献(特開平9-118717)に記載の合成法にて合成した。なお、M1をモノマーとして形成されるポリマーは光反応性及び液晶性を有し、M3をモノマーとして形成されるポリマーは液晶性のみを有する。
共重合するモノマーA1は特許文献(WO2014/054785号パンフレット)に記載の合成法にて合成した。
HBAGE(ヒドロキシブチルアクリレートグリシジルエーテル)は、市販購入可能であるものを用いた。
(ジイソシアネート成分)
ISPDA:イソフォロンジイソシアネート
(ジアミン成分)
DDM:4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン
Me-4APhA:N-メチル-2-(4-アミノフェニル)エチルアミン
Me-DADPA: 4,4’-ジアミノジフェニル(N-メチル)アミン
(テトラカルボン酸二無水物)
TDA: 3,4-ジカルボキシ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-1-ナフタレンコハク酸二無水物
(有機溶媒)
THF:テトラヒドロフラン
NMP:N-エチル-2-ピロリドン
BCS:ブチルセロソロブ
(重合開始剤)
AIBN:2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル
M1(2.99g:0.15mol%)、M2(1.31g:0.05mol%)、M3(14.71g:0.80mol%)をNMP(79.21g)中に溶解し、ダイアフラムポンプで脱気を行った後、AIBN(0.30g)を加え再び脱気を行った。この後、60℃で8時間反応させメタクリレートのポリマー溶液を得た。このポリマー溶液をメタノール(450ml)に滴下し、得られた沈殿物をろ過した。この沈澱物をメタノールで洗浄し、減圧乾燥しメタクリレートポリマー粉末P1を得た。
表1に示す組成を用いた以外、光配向ポリマー合成例P1と同様の方法を用いて、メタクリレートポリマー粉末P2~P3を合成した。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、TDAを4.85g、ジイソシアネート成分として、ISPDAを3.67g、ジアミン成分として、DDMを5.89g、Me-DADPAを0.35g、Me-4APhAを0.25用い、NMP85.06g中、室温で18時間反応させポリアミック酸(L1)の濃度15wt%の溶液を得た。
NMP(12.8g)に光配向ポリマー合成例P1にて得られたメタクリレートポリマー粉末P1(1.2g)を加え、室温で1時間攪拌して溶解させた。その後、BCS(6.0g)を加え攪拌することにより、ポリマー溶液T1を得た。このポリマー溶液T1は、そのまま液晶配向膜を形成するための液晶配向剤とした。
NMP(8.04g)に光配向ポリマー合成例P1にて得られたメタクリレートポリマー粉末P1(0.36g)を加え、室温で1時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、ポリマー合成例L1にて得られたポリアミック酸溶液L1(5.6g)と、BCS(6.0g)を加え攪拌することにより、ポリマー溶液T2を得た。このポリマー溶液T2は、そのまま液晶配向膜を形成するための液晶配向剤とした。
NMP(12.8g)に光配向ポリマー合成例P2にて得られたメタクリレートポリマー粉末P2(1.2g)を加え、室温で1時間攪拌して溶解させた。その後、BCS(6.0g)を加え攪拌することにより、ポリマー溶液CT1を得た。このポリマー溶液CT1は、そのまま液晶配向膜を形成するための液晶配向剤とした。
NMP(12.8g)に光配向ポリマー合成例P3にて得られたメタクリレートポリマー粉末P3(1.2g)を加え、室温で1時間攪拌して溶解させた。その後、BCS(6.0g)を加え攪拌することにより、ポリマー溶液CT2を得た。このポリマー溶液CT2は、そのまま液晶配向膜を形成するための液晶配向剤とした。
NMP(8.04g)に光配向ポリマー合成例P2にて得られたメタクリレートポリマー粉末P2(0.36g)を加え、室温で1時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、ポリマー合成例L1にて得られたポリアミック酸溶液L1(5.6g)と、BCS(6.0g)を加え攪拌することにより、ポリマー溶液CT3を得た。このポリマー溶液CT3は、そのまま液晶配向膜を形成するための液晶配向剤とした。
NMP(8.04g)に光配向ポリマー合成例P3にて得られたメタクリレートポリマー粉末P3(0.36g)を加え、室温で1時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、ポリマー合成例L1にて得られたポリアミック酸溶液L1(5.6g)と、BCS(6.0g)を加え攪拌することにより、ポリマー溶液CT4を得た。このポリマー溶液CT4は、そのまま液晶配向膜を形成するための液晶配向剤とした。
実施例1で得られた液晶配向剤(T1)を0.45μmのフィルターで濾過した後、透明電極付きガラス基板上にスピンコートし、70℃のホットプレート上で90秒間乾燥後、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。次いで、塗膜面に偏光板を介して313nmの紫外線を5~30mJ/cm2照射した後に150℃のホットプレートで10分間加熱し、液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。このような液晶配向膜付き基板を2枚用意し、一方の基板の液晶配向膜面に6μmのスペーサを設置した後、2枚の基板のラビング方向が平行になるようにして組み合わせ、液晶注入口を残して周囲をシールし、セルギャップが4μmの空セルを作製した。この空セルに減圧注入法によって、液晶MLC-3019(メルク株式会社製)を注入し、注入口を封止して、液晶が平行配向した液晶セルを得た。
同様に実施例2で得られた液晶配向剤T2及び、コントロール1~4で得られた液晶配向剤CT1~4を用いて、液晶セルを作成した。
実施例1~2、コントロール1~4で作製した液晶セルを偏光軸が直交するように配置された2枚の偏光板の間に設置し、電圧無印加の状態でバックライトを点灯させておき、透過光の輝度が最も小さくなるように液晶セルの配置角度を調整した。その液晶セルを目視にて確認。この液晶セルが良好に配向し、流動配向が確認されなければ「○」、配向したものの流動配向が確認されれば「△」、無配向であれば「×」とした。
上記で作製した液晶セルを用い、70℃温下で5Vの電圧を60μs間印加し、16.67ms後の電圧を測定し、電圧がどのくらい保持できているかを電圧保持率(VHR)として計算した。なお、電圧保持率の測定には、東陽テクニカ社製の電圧保持率測定装置VHR-1を使用した。
実施例1~2およびコントロール1~4のVHRの結果を、<配向性評価>の結果及び光配向ポリマー成分中の「全光反応性基量」と併せて、表3に示す。
Claims (9)
- 上記側鎖(a2)が、光架橋、光異性化、または光フリース転移を起こす感光性側鎖である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 上記側鎖(a2)が、下記式(1)~(6)
(式中、A、B、Dはそれぞれ独立に、単結合、-O-、-CH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、-NH-CO-、-CH=CH-CO-O-、又は-O-CO-CH=CH-を表す;
Sは、炭素数1~12のアルキレン基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はハロゲン基に置き換えられていてもよい;
Tは、単結合または炭素数1~12のアルキレン基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はハロゲン基に置き換えられていてもよい;
Y1は、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環および炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素から選ばれる環を表すか、それらの置換基から選ばれる同一又は相異なった2~6の環が結合基Bを介して結合してなる基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-COOR0(式中、R0は水素原子又は炭素数1~5のアルキル基を表す)、-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
Y2は、2価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、フラン環、ピロール環、炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、それらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
Rは、ヒドロキシ基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基を表すか、又はY1と同じ定義を表す;
Xは、単結合、-COO-、-OCO-、-N=N-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-CH=CH-CO-O-、又は-O-CO-CH=CH-を表し、Xの数が2となるときは、X同士は同一でも異なっていてもよい;
Couは、クマリン-6-イル基またはクマリン-7-イル基を表し、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
q1とq2は、一方が1で他方が0である;
q3は0または1である;
P及びQは、各々独立に、2価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環、炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、それらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる基である;ただし、Xが-CH=CH-CO-O-、-O-CO-CH=CH-である場合、-CH=CH-が結合する側のP又はQは芳香環であり、Pの数が2以上となるときは、P同士は同一でも異なっていてもよく、Qの数が2以上となるときは、Q同士は同一でも異なっていてもよい;
l1は0または1である;
l2は0~2の整数である;
l1とl2がともに0であるときは、Tが単結合であるときはAも単結合を表す;
l1が1であるときは、Tが単結合であるときはBも単結合を表す;
H及びIは、各々独立に、2価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環、およびそれらの組み合わせから選ばれる基である。)
からなる群から選ばれるいずれか1種の感光性側鎖であって、上記式(a)で表される光反応性部位とは異なる光反応性部位を有する側鎖である、請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- 上記側鎖(a3)が、下記式(21)~(31)
(式中、A及びBは上記と同じ定義を有する;
Y3は、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、窒素含有複素環、及び炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、それらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
R3は、水素原子、-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、窒素含有複素環、炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、炭素数1~12のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基を表す;
q1とq2は、一方が1で他方が0である;
lは1~12の整数を表し、mは0から2の整数を表し、但し、式(23)~(24)において、全てのmの合計は2以上であり、式(25)~(26)において、全てのmの合計は1以上であり、m1、m2およびm3は、それぞれ独立に1~3の整数を表す;
R2は、水素原子、-NO2、-CN、ハロゲン基、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、窒素含有複素環、及び炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、アルキル基、又はアルキルオキシ基を表す;
Z1、Z2は単結合、-CO-、-CH2O-、-CH=N-、-CF2-を表す)
からなる群から選ばれるいずれか1種の液晶性側鎖である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- [I] 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を、横電界駆動用の導電膜を有する基板上に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程;
[II] [I]で得られた塗膜に偏光した紫外線を照射する工程;及び
[III] [II]で得られた塗膜を加熱する工程;
を有することによって配向制御能が付与された横電界駆動型液晶表示素子用液晶配向膜を得る、前記液晶配向膜を有する基板の製造方法。 - 請求項5に記載の方法により製造された、横電界駆動型液晶表示素子用液晶配向膜を有する基板。
- 請求項6に記載の基板を有する、横電界駆動型液晶表示素子。
- 請求項6に記載の基板(第1の基板)を準備する工程;
[I’] 第2の基板上に請求項1~17のいずれか一項に記載の重合体組成物を、塗布して塗膜を形成する工程;
[II’] [I’]で得られた塗膜に偏光した紫外線を照射する工程;及び
[III’] [II’]で得られた塗膜を加熱する工程;
を有することによって配向制御能が付与された液晶配向膜を得る、前記液晶配向膜を有する第2の基板を得る工程;及び
[IV] 液晶を介して前記第1及び第2の基板の液晶配向膜が相対するように、前記第1及び第2の基板を対向配置して液晶表示素子を得る工程;
を有することにより、横電界駆動型液晶表示素子を得る、該液晶表示素子の製造方法。 - 請求項8記載の方法により製造された横電界駆動型液晶表示素子。
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