Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
  • A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals

Definitions

• Typical glyphosate salts include, for example, the
• R 41 is a straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl having an average of from about 5 carbon atoms to about 22 carbon atoms; and each R is independently selected from C M alkyl and (R 43 -0) M R 44 , wherein R 43 in each of the (R 43 -0) groups is independently selected from C 1-4 alkylene, each R 44 is independently selected from hydrogen and C 1 -C 4 alkyl, and each m is an average number such that the sum of every m is from 1 to about 30;
• R 22 in each of the (R 22 -0) groups is independently selected from C 1 -C 4 alkylene, wherein at least one R 22 is different from at least one other R 22 ;
• R 51 is a substituted hydrocarbyl having an average of from about 5 carbon atoms to about 22 carbon atoms derived from a triglyceride, fatty acid, or methylester of a fatty acid and comprising at least one pendant hydroxyl or alkoxy group on the hydrocarbon chain;
• R 52 is C 1-4 alkyl;
• R 53 and R 54 are each independently selected from C M alkyl and (R 56 -0) M R 57 , wherein R 56 in each of the (R 56 -0) groups is independently selected from C 1-4 alkylene, each R 57 is independently selected from hydrogen and C 1 -C 4 alkyl, and each m is an average number such that the sum of every m is from 1 to about 30; and
• R 55 is selected from CH 2 C0 2 ⁇ and oxygen.
• a surfactant blend comprising an amidoalkylamine surfactant coupled with at least one other co-surfactant may improve the compatibility of glyphosate compositions with co-herbicides, particularly when such co-herbicides are tank-mixed with dilute, ready-to-use formulations just prior to use.
• the glyphosate component of the compositions of the present invention is typically primarily responsible for plant suppression or death (i.e., bioefficacy) and is instrumental in imparting long-term herbicidal control.
• the glyphosate component comprises glyphosate acid and/or agronomically acceptable derivatives thereof.
• Derivatives include salts, esters, or compounds which are converted to glyphosate in plant tissues or which otherwise provide glyphosate anions.
• glyphosate "glyphosate derivative,” and “glyphosate component” when used herein is understood to encompass glyphosate, derivatives and mixtures thereof unless the context requires otherwise.
• “predominantly comprises” means more than 50%, for example at least about 75%, at least about 90%), at least about 95%, at least about 98%>, at least about 99%, or at least about 99.9% by weight of the component of the herbicidal composition is made up of the specified compound(s).
• a glyphosate component predominantly comprising one or more of the various salts of glyphosate is preferred in part because their increased water solubility allows formulation of highly concentrated herbicidal compositions that can be easily transported and readily diluted with water in the preparation of sprayable RTU compositions at the site of intended use.
• these glyphosate salts may generally be combined in a ratio of from about 1 :4 to about 4: 1 (e.g., in a ratio of about 1 : 1 to about 4: 1).
• concentration of the glyphosate component may be from about 480 g a.e./L to about 620 g a.e./L, for example from about 480 g a.e./L to about 600 g a.e./L, or from about 540 to about 620 g a.e./L.
• the R 1 alkyl group may be derived from a variety of sources that provide alkyl groups having from about 4 to about 18 carbon atoms, for example, the source may be butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, or octadecanoic acid.
• the source may be butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic
• the amidoalkylamine surfactant component may comprise a blend of surfactants having R 1 groups that are 8 carbon atoms in length, 9 carbon atoms in length, 10 carbon atoms in length, 11 carbon atoms in length, and 12 carbon atoms in length.
• R 2 and R 3 are independently preferably an alkyl or substituted alkyl having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms.
• R 2 and R 3 are most preferably independently an alkyl having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and most preferably methyl.
• R 4 is preferably an alkylene or substituted alkylene having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms.
• R 4 is most preferably an alkylene having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and most preferably n-propylene.
• the amidoalkylamine surfactant of formula (1) may act as a coupling agent in combination with an additional surfactant component, which is also referred to herein as a co-surfactant.
• the additional surfactant component may be selected from among, for example, alkoxylated tertiary amine oxides, amidoamine alkoxylates, betaines, or combinations thereof.
• each R 23 may be independently selected from C 2 -C 4 alkylene.
• each R 23 can be independently selected from the group consisting of ethylene and propylene.
• at least one R 23 is different from at least one other R 23 .
• R 26 is a Ci-4 alkylene different from R 25 ;
• R is ethylene and R is propylene. In other instances, R is propylene and R is ethylene.
• R 30 is selected from hydrogen and (R 34 -0) m R 35 ;
• R 36 is selected from R 301 R 303 and (N + )R 301 R 303 R 304 ; wherein each R 301 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C 4 alkyl, C(0)R 33 and
• one of the R 37 groups is C(0)R 33 and each of the
• each of the R groups is (R -0) m R .
• the sum of every m can be from about 3 to about 24, from about 8 to about 24, or from about 14 to about 22.
• R 31 is a straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl having an average of from about 5 carbon atoms to about 22 carbon atoms;
• m, x, y, and z are average numbers such that the sum of m, x, y, and z is an average number of from 1 to about 30.
• R 31 is a straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl having an average of from about 5 carbon atoms to about 22 carbon atoms;
• each x may be an average number of from about 3 to about 12, or from about 5 to about 10.
• the sum of each y may be an average number of from 0.5 to about 5, from 1 to about 3, or from 1 to about 2.
• the sum of every m, x, and y may be be an average number of from about 3 to about 24, from about 8 to about 24, or from about 14 to about 22.
• R 41 is a straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl having an average of from about 5 carbon atoms to about 22 carbon atoms;
• each R 43 may be independently selected from C 2 -C 4 alkylene.
• each R 43 can be independently selected from the group consisting of ethylene and propylene.
• at least one R 43 is different from at least one other R 43 .
• at least one R 43 is ethylene and at least one R 43 is propylene.
• each R 44 may be independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl.
• each R 44 can be hydrogen.
• at least one R 44 is methyl.
• betaine co-surfactant of formula (4) may be a compound of Formula (4b):
• compositions described herein may comprise a co- surfactant of formula (5b):
• amidoalkylamine surfactant in g/L to the co-surfactant in g/L may vary from 10: 1 to about 1 : 10, more preferably from 8: 1 to about 1 :8, more preferably from 5: 1 to about 1 :5, and most preferably from 2: 1 to about 1 :2.
• the concentration ratio of the amidoalkylamine surfactant in g/L to the co-surfactant in g/L is less than about 45:55, more preferably less than about 40:60, even more preferably less than about 35:65.
• a subclass of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkylamine surfactants for use in the present compositions are alkyl amine oxides, alkyletheramines, and alkyletheramine oxides as disclosed in U.S. 5,750,468 (to Wright).
• herbicides having limited water solubility include, for example, acetochlor, aclonifen, alachlor, ametryn, amidosulfuron, anilofos, atrazine, azafenidin, azimsulfuron, benfluralin, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, benzofenap, bifenox, bromobutide, bromofenoxim, butachlor, butamifos, butralin, butroxydim, butylate, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlomethoxyfen, chlorbromuron, chloridazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlornitrofen, chlorotoluron, chlorpropham, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal- dimethyl, chlorthiamid, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clodinafo
• Additional herbicidal active ingredient(s) in a concentrate or RTU formulation are present in an agriculturally useful concentration that will vary depending on the particular additional herbicide(s) selected for inclusion and is readily determined-by those skilled in the art.
• Particularly important perennial dicotyledonous plant species for control of which a composition of the invention can be used include, without limitation, mugwort
• Suitable herbicidally efficacious application or spray rates used in the practice of the present invention will vary depending on the particular composition and concentration of active ingredients, the desired effects, plant species treated, weather and other factors. What constitutes a "desired effect" varies according to the standards and practice of those who investigate, develop, market and use compositions and the selection of application rates that are herbicidally effective for a composition of the invention is within the skill of those skilled in the art.
• hydrocarbyl as used herein describes organic compounds or radicals consisting exclusively of the elements carbon and hydrogen. These moieties include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl moieties. These moieties also include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl moieties substituted with other aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbon groups, such as alkaryl, alkenaryl and alkynaryl. Unless otherwise indicated, these moieties preferably comprise 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
• hydrocarbylene as used herein describes radicals joined at two ends thereof to other radicals in an organic compound, and which consist exclusively of the elements carbon and hydrogen.
• moieties include alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, and arylene moieties. These moieties also include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl moieties substituted with other aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbon groups, such as alkaryl, alkenaryl and alkynaryl. Unless otherwise indicated, these moieties preferably comprise 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
• substituents include halogen, heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, ketal, acyl, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, cyano, thiol, acetal, sulfoxide, ester, thioester, ether, thioether, hydroxyalkyl, urea, guanidine, amidine, phosphate, amine oxide, and quaternary ammonium salt.
• the alkenyl groups described herein are preferably lower alkenyl containing from two to 18 carbon atoms in the principal chain and up to 30 carbon atoms. They may be straight or branched chain or cyclic and include ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, isobutenyl, hexenyl, and the like.
• the alkynyl groups described herein are preferably lower alkynyl containing from two to 18 carbon atoms in the principal chain and up to 30 carbon atoms.
• halogen or halo as used herein alone or as part of another group refer to chlorine, bromine, fluorine, and iodine. Fluorine substituents are often preferred in surfactant compounds.
• hydroxy alkyl includes alkyl groups substituted with at least one hydroxy group, e.g., bis(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl, tris(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl and poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl groups.
• Preferred hydroxyalkyl groups include hydroxymethyl (- CH 2 OH), and hydroxyethyl (-C 2 H 4 OH), bis(hydroxy-methyl)methyl (-CH(CH 2 OH) 2 ), and tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl (-C(CH 2 OH) 3 ).
• cyclic as used herein alone or as part of another group denotes a group having at least one closed ring, and includes alicyclic, aromatic (arene) and heterocyclic groups.
• heterocyclo or “heterocyclic” as used herein alone or as part of another group denote optionally substituted, fully saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic or bicyclic, aromatic or nonaromatic groups having at least one heteroatom in at least one ring, and preferably 5 or 6 atoms in each ring.
• the heterocyclo group preferably has 1 or 2 oxygen atoms, 1 or 2 sulfur atoms, and/or 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms in the ring, and may be bonded to the remainder of the molecule through a carbon or heteroatom.
• substituents include one or more of the following groups: hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, keto, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, acyl, acyloxy, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, halogen, amido, amino, nitro, cyano, thiol, thioester, thioether, ketal, acetal, ester and ether.
• heteroaromatic as used herein alone or as part of another group denote optionally substituted aromatic groups having at least one heteroatom in at least one ring, and preferably 5 or 6 atoms in each ring.
• the heteroaromatic group preferably has 1 or 2 oxygen atoms, 1 or 2 sulfur atoms, and/or 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms in the ring, and may be bonded to the remainder of the molecule through a carbon or heteroatom.
• Exemplary heteroaromatics include furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, oxazolyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, or isoquinolinyl and the like.
• substituents include one or more of the following groups: hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, keto, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, acyl, acyloxy, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, halogen, amido, amino, nitro, cyano, thiol, thioether, thioester, ketal, acetal, ester and ether.
• Herbicidal effectiveness is one of the biological effects that can be enhanced through this invention.
• Herbicidal effectiveness refers to any observable measure of control of plant growth, which can include one or more of the actions of (1) killing, (2) inhibiting growth, reproduction or proliferation, and (3) removing, destroying, or otherwise diminishing the occurrence and activity of plants.
• compositions comprising either potassium glyphosate or a mixture of potassium and isopropyl ammonium glyphosate were prepared and subjected to various tests as described in the following Examples.
• Each test composition contained 540 g a.e./L of glyphosate and 135 g/L total surfactant.
• Percent control of individual weed species was visually evaluated 19-22 days after application.
• Treatment compositions are described in Tables 1 A and IB, above. Treatments were applied when weeds were 6-8 inches tall. Each formulation was applied at 560 g ae/ha, 840 g ae/ha and 1260 g ae/ha. Rates were calculated on a glyphosate acid equivalent (a.e.) basis to ensure the same amount of glyphosate acid was applied regardless of the type of glyphosate salt in the formulation. A ROUNDUP POWERMAX standard was included in each trial.
• Glyphosate formulations were tested for cloud point using the procedure described in Example 2 above. The color of each formulation was also evaluated using the Gardner color scale. The results of these assays are provided in Table 7 below.
• Each test formulation contained 540 g a.e./L of potassium glyphosate.
• compositions comprising the potassium salt of glyphosate as described in Table 8 A below were prepared. Each test formulation contained 540 g a.e./L of potassium glyphosate.
• Percent control of individual weed species was visually evaluated 19-21 days after application. Treatments were applied when weeds were 6-8 inches tall. Each formulation was applied at rates of 280 grams a.e./ha, 560 grams a.e./ha, and 840 grams a.e./ha. Rates were calculated on a glyphosate acid equivalent (a.e.) basis to ensure the same amount of glyphosate acid was applied regardless of the type of glyphosate salt in the formulation. A ROUNDUP POWERMAX standard was included in each trial.

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