Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
  • A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
  • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
  • A61K9/2009—Inorganic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
  • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
  • A61K9/2013—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
  • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
  • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K9/2027—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
  • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
  • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
  • A61K9/2054—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/14—Drugs for dermatological disorders for baldness or alopecia

Definitions

• ADME absorption, distribution, metabolism and/or excretion
• ADME limitation that affects many medicines is the formation of toxic or biologically reactive metabolites.
• some patients receiving the drug may experience toxicities, or the safe dosing of such drugs may be limited such that patients receive a suboptimal amount of the active agent.
• modifying dosing intervals or formulation approaches can help to reduce clinical adverse effects, but often the formation of such undesirable metabolites is intrinsic to the metabolism of the compound.
• a metabolic inhibitor will be co-administered with a drug that is cleared too rapidly. Such is the case with the protease inhibitor class of drugs that are used to treat HIV infection.
• ritonavir an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzyme 3 A4 (CYP3 A4), the enzyme typically responsible for their metabolism (see Kempf, D.J. et al., Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1997, 41(3): 654-60).
• Ritonavir causes adverse effects and adds to the pill burden for HIV patients who must already take a combination of different drugs.
• the CYP2D6 inhibitor quinidine has been added to dextromethorphan for the purpose of reducing rapid CYP2D6 metabolism of
• cytochrome P450 cytochrome P450
• a potentially attractive strategy for improving a drug's metabolic properties is deuterium modification.
• Deuterium is a safe, stable, nonradioactive isotope of hydrogen. Compared to hydrogen, deuterium forms stronger bonds with carbon. In select cases, the increased bond strength imparted by deuterium can positively impact the ADME properties of a drug, creating the potential for improved drug efficacy, safety, and/or tolerability.
• the size and shape of deuterium are essentially identical to those of hydrogen, replacement of hydrogen by deuterium would not be expected to affect the biochemical potency and selectivity of the drug as compared to the original chemical entity that contains only hydrogen.
• Ruxolitinib phosphate is a heteroaryl-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines also known as 3(R)-cyclopentyl-3-[4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-lH-pyrazol-l- yl]propanenitrile phosphate and as (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-lH- pyrazol-l-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile phosphate, inhibits Janus Associated Kinases (JAKs) JAKl and JAK2.
• JAKs Janus Associated Kinases
• JAK signaling involves recruitment of STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription) to cytokine receptors, activation and subsequent localization of STATs to the nucleus leading to modulation of gene expression.
• STATs signal transducers and activators of transcription
• Ruxolitinib phosphate is currently approved for the treatment of patients with intermediate or high-risk myelofibrosis, including primary myelofibrosis, post- polycythemia vera myelofibrosis and post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis. Ruxolitinib phosphate is also currently in clinical trials for the treatment of additional conditions.
• Compound (I) also referred to as (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-lH- pyrazol-l-yl)-3-(cyclopentyl-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-d8)propanenitrile, or D8-ruxolitinib), are useful for the treatment of hair-loss disorders, including alopecia areata.
• Compound (I) is represented by the following structural formula:
• Compound (I) is administered as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt.
• Compound (I) can be administered in doses in the range of about 4 mg to about 50 mg per day (or the equivalent weight based on a salt, such as Compound (I) phosphate salt), administered as a single daily dose or in divided doses (e.g., twice per day).
• novel therapies using Compound (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for treating a hair loss disorder in a mammalian subject are disclosed herein.
• One aspect of the invention is a method for treating hair loss disorders that can be treated by compounds that modulate the activity of Janus Associated Kinase 1 (JAKl) and/or Janus Associated Kinase 2 (JAK2).
• the method comprises administering to a subject (e.g., a mammalian subject) an effective amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (i.e., an equivalent amount of a subject).
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is in the range of about 4 mg/day to about 50 mg/day, for example, about 5 mg/day, about 10 mg/day, about 20 mg/day, about 30 mg/day, about 40 mg/day, or about 50 mg/day.
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 4 mg/day, 8 mg/day, 16 mg/day, 32 mg/day or 48 mg/day.
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 8 mg/day, 16 mg/day, 24 mg/day, or 32 mg/day.
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 8 mg/day, 16 mg/day, 24 mg/day, or 32 mg/day. In certain embodiments, the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 4 mg, 8mg, 12 mg or 16 mg twice per day. In certain embodiments, the hair loss disorder is alopecia areata. In certain embodiments, the subject is a human. Preferably, Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (such as the phosphate salt), is administered orally at any of the foregoing dosages. Preferably, the Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administered orally at any of the foregoing dosages in a pharmaceutical formulation which is a tablet.
• the invention provides a method for treating hair loss disorders, the method comprising topically administering to a subject (e.g., a mammalian subject) an effective amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (i.e., an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt).
• a subject e.g., a mammalian subject
• a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof i.e., an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt.
• the compound is administered in a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
• composition which is formulated for topical administration, such as a cream, ointment, lotion, foam or the like.
• the invention provides a method for inducing hair growth in a subject.
• the method comprises administering to a mammalian subject an effective amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (i.e., an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt), once or twice per day, wherein the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is in the range of about 4 mg/day to about 50 mg/day, for example, about 5 mg/day, about 10 mg/day, about 20 mg/day, about 30 mg/day, about 40 mg/day, or about 50 mg/day.
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 4 mg/day, 8 mg/day, 16 mg/day, 32 mg/day or 48 mg/day. In certain embodiments, the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is 8 mg/day, 16 mg/day, 24 mg/day, or 32 mg/day.
• the subject suffers from a hair loss disorder; in further embodiments, the hair loss disorder is alopecia areata.
• the subject is a human. In one embodiment, the subject is a human 6 years of age or older.
• Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered orally at any of the foregoing dosages.
• the Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered orally at any of the foregoing dosages in a pharmaceutical formulation which is a tablet.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method for treating autoimmune skin disorders disorders that can be treated by compounds that modulate the activity of Janus Associated Kinase 1 (JAK1) and/or Janus Associated Kinase 2 (JAK2).
• the method comprises administering to a subject (e.g., a mammalian subject) an effective amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (i.e., an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt), once or twice per day, wherein the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is in the range of about 4 mg/day to about 50 mg/day, for example, about 5 mg/day, about 10 mg/day, about 20 mg/day, about 30 mg/day, about 40 mg/day, or about 50 mg/day.
• a subject e.g., a mammalian subject
• an effective amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof i.e., an equivalent amount of
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 4 mg/day, 8 mg/day, 16 mg/day, 32 mg/day or 48 mg/day. In certain embodiments, the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is 8 mg/day, 16 mg/day, 24 mg/day, or 32 mg/day. In certain embodiments, the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is 8 mg/day, 16 mg/day, 24 mg/day, or 32 mg/day. In certain embodiments, the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 4 mg, 8mg, 12 mg or 16 mg twice per day.
• the autoimmune skin disorder is alopecia areata, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis (ezcema), or psoriasis.
• the subject is a human.
• Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (such as the phosphate salt) is administered orally at any of the foregoing dosages.
• the Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered orally at any of the foregoing dosages in a pharmaceutical formulation which is a tablet.
• Another aspect of the invention is Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (i.e., an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt), for use in treating hair loss disorders that can be treated by compounds that modulate the activity of Janus kinase 1 (JAKl) and/or Janus kinase 2 (JAK2).
• the compound may be administered at the dosing regimens disclosed herein.
• the hair loss disorder is alopecia areata.
• Still another aspect of the invention is the use of Compound (I), or a
• the hair loss disorder is alopecia areata.
• Another aspect of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising Compound (I), in the range of about 4 mg to about 50 mg (for example, about 5 mg, about 10 mg, about 20 mg, about 30 mg, about 40 mg, or about 50 mg), or an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (i.e., an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt), together with a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (i.e., an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt), together with a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (i.e., an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt), together with a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (i.e., an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt), together with a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (i.e., an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt), together with a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (i.e., an equivalent amount
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 4 mg, 8 mg, 16 mg, 24 mg, 32 mg or 48 mg. In certain embodiments, the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is 4 mg, 8 mg, 12 mg, or 16 mg. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is a tablet.
• FIG. 1 shows the design and results from a single ascending dose (SAD) trial in healthy volunteers.
• FIG. 1 A depicts the SAD study design;
• FIG. IB is a graph showing plasma concentration of CTP-543 (Compound (I)) from 0 - 48 hours after dosing;
• FIG.1C is a table showing mean PK parameters for CTP-543 (Compound (I)) in the SAD study.
• FIG. 2 shows the design and results from a multiple ascending dose (MAD) trial in healthy volunteers.
• FIG. 2 2A depicts the MAD study design;
• FIG. 2B is a graph showing plasma concentration of CTP-543 (Compound (I)) from 0 - 24 hours on Day 1 and Day 7 of the MAD study;
• FIG. 2C is a table showing mean PK parameters for CTP- 543 (Compound (I)) in the MAD study.
• treat means decrease, suppress, attenuate, diminish, arrest, or stabilize the development or progression of a disease (e.g., a disease or disorder delineated herein), lessen the severity of the disease or improve the symptoms associated with the disease.
• a hair loss disorder includes regrowth of hair, prevention of further hair loss, or diminishing the rate of hair loss.
• Hair loss disorder means any condition or disorder that results in loss of hair on one or more areas of the body. Hair loss disorders include, without limitation, androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, alopecia areata, alopecia totalis, and alopecia universalis.
• mammal includes humans, as well as non-human mammals such as cats, dogs, sheep, cattle, pigs, goats, non-human primates (including monkeys and apes) and the like.
• any atom not specifically designated as a particular isotope is meant to represent any stable isotope of that atom.
• a position is designated specifically as “H” or “hydrogen”
• the position is understood to have hydrogen at its natural abundance isotopic composition.
• a position is designated specifically as “D” or “deuterium”
• the position is understood to have deuterium at an abundance that is at least 3000 times greater than the natural abundance of deuterium, which is 0.015% (i.e., at least 45% incorporation of deuterium).
• isotopic enrichment factor means the ratio between the isotopic abundance and the natural abundance of a specified isotope.
• a compound of this invention has an isotopic enrichment factor for each designated deuterium atom of at least 3500 (52.5% deuterium
• incorporation at each designated deuterium atom at least 4000 (60% deuterium incorporation), at least 4500 (67.5% deuterium incorporation), at least 5000 (75% deuterium), at least 5500 (82.5% deuterium incorporation), at least 6000 (90% deuterium incorporation), at least 6333.3 (95% deuterium incorporation), at least 6466.7 (97% deuterium incorporation), at least 6600 (99% deuterium incorporation), or at least 6633.3 (99.5% deuterium incorporation).
• isotopologue refers to a species in which the chemical structure differs from Compound (I) only in the isotopic composition thereof.
• a compound represented by a particular chemical structure containing indicated deuterium atoms will also contain lesser amounts of isotopologues having hydrogen atoms at one or more of the designated deuterium positions in that structure.
• the relative amount of such isotopologues in a compound of this invention will depend upon a number of factors including the isotopic purity of deuterated reagents used to make the compound and the efficiency of incorporation of deuterium in the various synthesis steps used to prepare the compound.
• the invention also provides salts of Compound (I).
• a salt of a compound of this invention is formed between an acid and a basic group of the compound, such as an amino functional group, or a base and an acidic group of the compound, such as a carboxyl functional group.
• the compound is a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt, such as a phosphate salt.
• pharmaceutically acceptable refers to a component that is, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and other mammals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salt means any non-toxic salt that, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of providing, either directly or indirectly, a compound of this invention.
• pharmaceutically acceptable counterion is an ionic portion of a salt that is not toxic when released from the salt upon administration to a recipient.
• Acids commonly employed to form pharmaceutically acceptable salts include inorganic acids such as hydrogen bisulfide, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, as well as organic acids such as para- toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, tartaric acid, bitartaric acid, ascorbic acid, maleic acid, besylic acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, formic acid, glutamic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, para-bromophenylsulfonic acid, carbonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid and acetic acid, as well as related inorganic and organic acids.
• organic acids such as para- toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, tartaric acid, bitartaric acid, ascorbic acid
• salts thus include sulfate, pyrosulfate, bisulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, phosphate, monohydrogenphosphate, dihydrogenphosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, propionate, decanoate, caprylate, acrylate, formate, isobutyrate, caprate, heptanoate, propiolate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, suberate, sebacate, fumarate, maleate, butyne-l,4-dioate, hexyne-l,6-dioate, benzoate, chlorobenzoate, methylbenzoate, dinitrobenzoate, hydroxybenzoate, methoxybenzoate, phthalate, terephthalate, sulfonate, xylene sulfonate, phenyl acetate, phenylpropyl
• stable compounds refers to compounds which possess stability sufficient to allow for their manufacture and which maintain the integrity of the compound for a sufficient period of time to be useful for the purposes detailed herein (e.g., formulation into therapeutic products, intermediates for use in production of therapeutic compounds, isolatable or storable intermediate compounds, treating a disease or condition responsive to therapeutic agents).
• Substituted with deuterium refers to the replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms with a corresponding number of deuterium atoms.
• the invention provides a method for treating hair loss disorders that can be treated by compounds that modulate (e.g., inhibit) the activity of a JAK (JAK1, JAK2 and/or JAK3).
• the method comprises administering to a mammalian subject an effective amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (i.e., an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt), once or twice per day, wherein the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is in the range of about 4 mg/day to about 50 mg/day (such as 4 mg/day to 50 mg/day), for example, about 5 mg/day (such as 5 mg/day), about 10 mg/day (such as 10 mg/day), about 20 mg/day (such as 20 mg/day), about 30 mg/day (such as 30 mg/day), about 40 mg/day (such as 40 mg/day), or about 50 mg/day (such as 50 mg/day).
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (i.e., an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt) administered in the method for treating hair loss disorders is about 4 mg/day (such as 4 mg/day), about 8 mg/day (such as 8 mg/day), about 16 mg/day (such as 16 mg/day), about 32 mg/day (such as 32 mg/day) or about 48 mg/day (such as 48 mg/day).
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered in the method for treating hair loss disorders is about 8 mg/day (such as 8 mg/day), about 16 mg/day (such as 16 mg/day), about 24 mg/day (such as 24 mg/day), or about 32 mg/day (such as 32 mg/day). In certain embodiments, the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is about 8 mg/day (such as 8 mg/day), about 12 mg/day (such as 12 mg/day), about 16 mg/day (such as 16 mg/day) or about 24 mg/day (such as 24 mg/day).
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered in the method for treating hair loss disorders is 10.6 mg/day of Compound (I) phosphate, e.g., administered as a 5.3 mg dose twice daily. In certain embodiments, the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is 21.1 mg/day of Compound (I) phosphate, e.g., administered as a 10.5 mg dose twice daily. In certain embodiments, the amount of Compound (I), or a
• compositions are 31.6 mg/day of Compound (I) phosphate, e.g., administered as a 15.8 mg dose twice daily.
• amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 42.2 mg/day of
• Compound (I) phosphate e.g., administered as a 21.1 mg dose twice daily.
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered in the method for treating hair loss disorders is about 4 mg (such as 4 mg) twice per day.
• Compound (I) is administered as about 5.3 mg (such as 5.3 mg) of the phosphate salt of Compound (I) twice per day.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered in the method for treating hair loss disorders is about 8 mg (such as 8 mg) twice per day.
• Compound (I) is administered as about 10.5 mg (such as 10.5 mg) of the phosphate salt of Compound (I) twice per day.
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered in the method for treating hair loss disorders is about 12 mg (such as 12 mg) twice per day.
• Compound (I) is administered as about 15.8 mg (such as 15.8 mg) of the phosphate salt of Compound (I) twice per day.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered in the method for treating hair loss disorders is about 16 mg (such as 16 mg) twice per day.
• Compound (I) is administered as about 21.1 mg (such as 21.1 mg) of the phosphate salt of Compound (I) twice per day.
• the hair loss disorder is alopecia areata.
• the subject is a human.
• the subject is a human 6 years of age or older.
• Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof such as the phosphate salt
• the Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered orally at any of the dosages described herein in a pharmaceutical formulation which is a tablet.
• the invention provides a method for inducing hair growth in a subject.
• the method comprises administering to a mammalian subject an effective amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (i.e., an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt), once or twice per day, wherein the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is in the range of about 4 mg/day to about 50 mg/day (such as 4 mg/day to 50 mg/day), for example, about 5 mg/day (such as 5 mg/day), about 10 mg/day (such as 10 mg/day), about 20 mg/day (such as 20 mg/day), about 30 mg/day (such as 30 mg/day), about 40 mg/day (such as 40 mg/day), or about 50 mg/day (such as 50 mg/day).
• an effective amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof i.e., an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered in the method for inducing hair growth is about 4 mg/day (such as 4 mg/day), about 8 mg/day (such as 8 mg/day), about 16 mg/day (such as 16 mg/day), about 32 mg/day (such as 32 mg/day) or about 48 mg/day (such as 48 mg/day).
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered in the method for inducing hair growth is about 8 mg/day (such as 8 mg/day), about 16 mg/day (such as 16 mg/day), about 24 mg/day (such as 24 mg/day), or about 32 mg/day (such as 32 mg/day).
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered in the method for inducing hair growth is about 8 mg/day (such as 8 mg/day), about 12 mg/day (such as 12/mg/day), about 16 mg/day (such as 16 mg/day), or about 24 mg/day (such as 24 mg/day).
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered in the method for inducing hair growth is 10.6 mg/day of Compound (I) phosphate, e.g., administered as a 5.3 mg dose twice daily. In certain embodiments, the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is 21.1 mg/day of Compound (I) phosphate, e.g., administered as a 10.5 mg dose twice daily. In certain embodiments, the amount of Compound (I), or a
• compositions are 31.6 mg/day of Compound (I) phosphate, e.g., administered as a 15.8 mg dose twice daily.
• amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 42.2 mg/day of
• Compound (I) phosphate e.g., administered as a 21.1 mg dose twice daily.
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered in the method for inducing hair growth is about 4 mg (such as 4 mg) twice per day.
• Compound (I) is administered as about 5.3 mg (such as 5.3 mg) of the phosphate salt of Compound (I) twice per day.
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered in the method for inducing hair growth is about 8 mg (such as 8 mg) twice per day.
• Compound (I) is administered as about 10.5 mg (such as 10.5 mg) of the phosphate salt of Compound (I) twice per day.
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered in the method for inducing hair growth is about 12 mg (such as 12 mg) twice per day. In a specific embodiment, Compound (I) is administered as the about 15.8 mg (such as 15.8 mg) of the phosphate salt of Compound (I) twice per day. [51] In certain embodiments, the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered in the method for inducing hair growth is about 16 mg (such as 16 mg) twice per day. In a specific embodiment, Compound (I) is administered as the about 21.1 mg (such as 21.1 mg) of the phosphate salt of Compound (I) twice per day.
• the subject suffers from a hair loss disorder; in further embodiments, the hair loss disorder is alopecia areata.
• the subject is a human.
• the subject is a human 6 years of age or older.
• Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered orally at any of the foregoing dosages.
• the Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered orally at any of the foregoing dosages in a pharmaceutical formulation which is a tablet.
• Hair loss disorders include, without limitation, androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, alopecia totalis, and alopecia universalis.
• Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease that results in partial or complete loss of hair on the scalp and body that may affect up to 650,000 Americans at any given time.
• the scalp is the most commonly affected area, but any hair-bearing site can be affected alone or together with the scalp. Onset of the disease can occur throughout life and affects both women and men. Alopecia areata can be associated with serious
• the condition is alopecia areata in a subject such as a mammalian (e.g., human) patient in need thereof.
• the alopecia areata is moderate to severe alopecia areata (for example, hair loss over at least 30% of the scalp, hair loss over at least 40% of the scalp, or hair loss over at least 50% of the scalp).
• the compound is administered orally once a day. In other embodiments of any aspect, the compound is administered orally twice per day.
• Effective doses will also vary, as recognized by those skilled in the art, depending on the diseases treated, the severity of the disease, the route of administration, the sex, age and general health condition of the subject, excipient usage, the possibility of co-usage with other therapeutic treatments such as use of other agents and the judgment of the treating physician.
• Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can continue for as long as necessary to treat a hair loss disorder, e.g., for one week, two weeks, one month, two months, three months, four months, six months, one year, two years, five years, ten years, or longer.
• the efficacy of treatment of hair loss disorders such as alopecia areata can be measured in a variety of ways, some of which are known in the art.
• the "severity of alopecia tool" otherwise known as SALT, is a validated assessment scale - developed by the National Alopecia Areata Foundation working committee - to evaluate the degree of hair loss. See, e.g., Olsen EA, Hordinsky MK, Price VH, et al. Alopecia areata investigational assessment guidelines - Part II. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004: 51 : 440-447 (incorporated herein by reference).
• the SALT score is calculated for a patient by measuring the percentage of hair loss in each of the 4 areas of the scalp and adding the total to achieve a composite score. Hair regrowth is reflected by a decrease in the SALT score. For example, no hair on the scalp would have a SALT score of 100 while complete hair regrowth would be a SALT score of 0.
• methods of treatment as described herein can provide a SALT score improvement of at least 10 points after treatment (for example, from a SALT score of 100 prior to treatment to a SALT score of 90 after treatment).
• methods of treatment as described herein can provide a SALT score improvement of at least 20 points, 30 points, 40 points, 50 points, 60 points, 70 points, 80 points, 90 points, or 100 points.
• methods of treatment as described herein can provide after treatment at least a 20% improvement from baseline in the patient's SALT score, or at least a 30% improvement from baseline in the patient's SALT score, or at least a 40% improvement from baseline in the patient's SALT score, or at least a 50% improvement from baseline in the patient's SALT score, or at least a 60% improvement from baseline in the patient's SALT score, or at least a 70% improvement from baseline in the patient's SALT score.
• treatment is continued for a period of at least four weeks, or at least 8 weeks, or at least 12 weeks, or at least 16 weeks, or at least 20 weeks, or at least 24 weeks, or at least 28 weeks, or at least 32 weeks, or at least 36 weeks, or at least 40 weeks, or at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks, or at least 52 weeks.
• Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in combination with a second therapeutic agent.
• the second therapeutic agent is an agent useful in the treatment of hair loss disorders or autoimmune conditions, such as inhibitors of JAK1, JAK2, or JAK3, and/or STAT1.
• Such inhibitors include ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, baricitinib, filgotinib, and the like.
• Other orally administered second therapeutic agents include agents used in the treatment of alopecia areata, including, for example, oral corticosteroids.
• an effective amount of the second therapeutic agent is between about 20% and 100% of the dosage normally utilized in a monotherapy regime using just that agent.
• an effective amount is between about 70% and 100% of the normal monotherapeutic dose.
• the normal monotherapeutic dosages of these second therapeutic agents are well known in the art. See, e.g., Wells et al., eds., Pharmacotherapy Handbook, 2nd Edition, Appleton and Lange, Stamford, Conn. (2000); PDR Pharmacopoeia, Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2000, Deluxe Edition, Tarascon Publishing, Loma Linda, Calif. (2000); the FDA-approved labeling information for ruxolitinib and tofacitinib; and clinical trial information for baricitinib and filgotinib, each of which references are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
• any of the above methods of treatment comprises the further step of co-administering to the subject in need thereof one or more second therapeutic agents.
• the choice of second therapeutic agent may be made from any second therapeutic agent known to be useful for treatment of hair loss disorders such as alopecia areata.
• the choice of second therapeutic agent is also dependent upon the particular disease or condition to be treated.
• Examples of second therapeutic agents that may be employed in the methods of this invention are those set forth above for use in combination compositions comprising Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a second therapeutic agent.
• Additional therapeutic agents include agents used in the treatment of alopecia areata, including, for example, topical minoxidil, injected corticosteroids, and anthralin cream or ointment.
• the term "co-administered" as used herein means that the second therapeutic agent may be administered together with Compound (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as part of a single dosage form (such as a composition of this invention comprising a compound of the invention and an second therapeutic agent as described above) or as separate, multiple dosage forms.
• the additional agent may be administered prior to, consecutively with, or following the administration of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• both Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the second therapeutic agent(s) are administered by conventional methods.
• composition of this invention comprising both Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a second therapeutic agent
• administration of a composition of this invention, comprising both Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a second therapeutic agent does not preclude the separate administration of that same therapeutic agent, any other second therapeutic agent or Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to said subject at another time during a course of treatment.
• the effective amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is less than its effective amount would be where the second therapeutic agent is not administered.
• the effective amount of the second therapeutic agent is less than its effective amount would be where Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is not administered. In this way, undesired side effects associated with high doses of either agent may be minimized.
• Other potential advantages including without limitation improved dosing regimens and/or reduced drug cost
• the invention provides the use of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (i.e., an equivalent amount of a
• composition or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment or prevention in a subject of a disease, disorder or symptom thereof delineated herein.
• Another aspect of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising Compound (I), in the range of about 4 mg to about 50 mg (for example, about 5 mg, about 10 mg, about 20 mg, about 30 mg, about 40 mg, or about 50 mg), or an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 4 mg, 8 mg, 16 mg, 24 mg, 32 mg or 48 mg.
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 4 mg, 8 mg, 12 mg, or 16 mg.
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 5.3 mg of Compound (I) phosphate. In certain embodiments, the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is 10.5 or 10.6 mg of Compound (I) phosphate. In certain embodiments, the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is 15.8 mg of Compound (I) phosphate. In certain embodiments, the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is 21.1 mg of Compound (I) phosphate. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is a tablet.
• Another aspect of the invention is a unit dose form comprising Compound (I), in the range of about 4 mg to about 50 mg (for example, about 5 mg, about 10 mg, about 20 mg, about 30 mg, about 40 mg, or about 50 mg), or an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
• the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 4 mg, 8 mg, 16 mg, 24 mg, 32 mg or 48 mg. In certain embodiments, the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is 4 mg, 8 mg, 12 mg, or 16 mg. In certain embodiments, the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is 5.3 mg of Compound (I) phosphate. In certain embodiments, the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is 10.5 or 10.6 mg of Compound (I) phosphate. In certain embodiments, the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is 15.8 mg of Compound (I) phosphate. In certain embodiments, the amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is 21.1 mg of Compound (I) phosphate. In certain embodiments, the unit dose form is a tablet.
• any atom not designated as deuterium is present at its natural isotopic abundance in Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Such methods can be carried out utilizing corresponding deuterated and optionally, other isotope-containing reagents and/or intermediates to synthesize the compounds delineated herein, or invoking standard synthetic protocols known in the art for introducing isotopic atoms to a chemical structure.
• the invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (i.e., an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt); and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the carrier(s) are "acceptable" in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and, in the case of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, not deleterious to the recipient thereof in an amount used in the medicament.
• the pharmaceutical composition is provided as a unit dose form.
• the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a
• Compound (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof i.e., an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt).
• compositions of this invention include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium
• carboxymethylcellulose polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool fat.
• solubility and bioavailability of the compounds of the present invention in pharmaceutical compositions may be enhanced by methods well-known in the art.
• One method includes the use of lipid excipients in the formulation. See “Oral Lipid-Based Formulations: Enhancing the Bioavailability of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs (Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences)," David J. Hauss, ed. Informa
• Another known method of enhancing bioavailability is the use of an amorphous form of a compound of this invention optionally formulated with a poloxamer, such as LUTROLTM and PLURONICTM (BASF Corporation), or block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. See United States patent 7,014,866; and United States patent publications 20060094744 and 20060079502.
• compositions of the invention include those suitable for oral administration.
• Other formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., tablets, sustained release capsules, granules, and in liposomes, and may be prepared by any methods well known in the art of pharmacy. See, for example, Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD (20th ed. 2000).
• Such preparative methods include the step of bringing into association with the molecule to be administered ingredients such as the carrier that constitutes one or more accessory ingredients.
• ingredients such as the carrier that constitutes one or more accessory ingredients.
• the compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredients with liquid carriers, liposomes or finely divided solid carriers, or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product.
• the compound is administered orally.
• Compositions of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules, sachets, or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; a powder or granules; a solution or a suspension in an aqueous liquid or a non-aqueous liquid; an oil-in-water liquid emulsion; a water-in-oil liquid emulsion; packed in liposomes; or as a bolus, etc.
• Soft gelatin capsules can be useful for containing such suspensions, which may beneficially increase the rate of compound absorption.
• the compound is administered orally as a tablet.
• carriers that are commonly used include lactose and corn starch.
• Lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added.
• useful diluents include lactose and dried cornstarch.
• the active ingredient is combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening and/or flavoring and/or coloring agents may be added.
• the composition is in the form of a tablet.
• exemplary formulations for the tablet are disclosed in US. Patent No. 8,754,224, the teachings of which are herein incorporated by reference.
• a tablet formulation contains about 4 mg to about 50 mg of Compound (I), or an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (such as the phosphate salt), and the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and povidone.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof such as the phosphate salt
• a 200 mg tablet comprising the equivalent of 16 mg of Compound (I)
• 10.6 wt% of Compound (I) phosphate and 64.44 wt% Avicel PH-101 microcrystalline cellulose are mixed in a higher shear granulator, and an 8.5% w/w aqueous Kollidon 30 solution (containing Kollidon 30, a polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone); 5 wt% (based on the total formulation weight) is added during mixing to form granules.
• the granules are tray-dried in an oven at 60 ⁇ 10°C and milled using a Quadro Comil U5 mill.
• the granules retained on the comil screen are forced through a #20 mesh sieve using a stainless steel spatula.
• the resulting milled granules are mixed with Avicel PH-200 microcrystalline cellulose (18.5 wt%), Aerosil 200 colloidal silicon dioxide (0.5 wt%) and Hyqual magnesium stearate (1 wt%) in a Turbula mixer to form the final blend.
• the final blend is compressed into 200 mg tablets using a Riva Piccola rotary press tooled with 0.451" x 0.229" D-type modified capsule shape tooling.
• Each tablet contains 21.1 mg Compound (I) (equivalent to 16 mg of Compound (I) free base).
• the tablet contains about 10.5 mg or about 10.6 mg of the phosphate salt of Compound (I) (equivalent to 8 mg of Compound (I) free base).
• the tablet comprises the following ingredients:
• the tablet comprises the following ingredients:
• the tablet comprises the following ingredients:
• the tablet comprises the following ingredients:
• composition of this invention further comprises a second therapeutic agent.
• the second therapeutic agent may be selected from any compound or therapeutic agent known to have or that demonstrates advantageous properties when administered with a compound having the same mechanism of action as ruxolitinib.
• the second therapeutic agent is an agent useful in the treatment of hair loss disorders or autoimmune conditions, including inhibitors of JAK1, JAK2, or JAK3, and/or STAT1.
• inhibitors include ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, baricitinib, filgotinib, and the like.
• Other second therapeutic agents include oral corticosteroids.
• the invention provides separate dosage forms of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and one or more of any of the above-described second therapeutic agents, wherein Compound (I), or a
• pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and second therapeutic agent are associated with one another.
• association with one another means that the separate dosage forms are packaged together or otherwise attached to one another such that it is readily apparent that the separate dosage forms are intended to be sold and administered together (within less than 24 hours of one another, consecutively or simultaneously).
• Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is present in an effective amount.
• effective amount refers to an amount which, when administered in a proper dosing regimen, is sufficient to treat the target disorder.
• body surface area may be approximately determined from height and weight of the subject. See, e.g., Scientific Tables, Geigy Pharmaceuticals, Ardsley, N.Y., 1970, 537.
• an effective amount of Compound (I) can range from about 4 mg to 50 mg per day (such as 4 mg to 50 mg per day), such as, about 5 mg/day (such as 5 mg/day), about 10 mg/day (such as 10 mg/day), about 20 mg/day (such as 20 mg/day), about 30 mg/day (such as 30 mg/day), about 40 mg/day (such as 40 mg/day), or about 50 mg/day (such as 50 mg/day).
• the amount is about 4 mg/day (such as 4 mg/day), about 8 mg/day (such as 8 mg/day), about 16 mg/day (such as 16 mg/day), about 24 mg/day (such as 24 mg/day), about 32 mg/day (such as 32 mg/day) or about 48 mg/day (such as 48 mg/day).
• a dose of about 4 mg/day (such as 4 mg/day), about 8 mg/day (such as 8 mg/day), about 16 mg/day (such as 16 mg/day), about 24 mg/day (such as 24 mg/day), about 32 mg/day (such as 32 mg/day) or about 48 mg/day (such as 48 mg/day) is administered once a day.
• a dose of 16 mg/day is administered as two 8 mg tablets of Compound (I) (either as the free base, or as an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt) administered together (i.e., as a single dose).
• a dose of 16 mg/day is administered as one 16 mg tablet of Compound (I) (either as the free base, or as an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt).
• a dose of 16 mg/day is administered as two 8 mg tablets of Compound (I) (either as the free base, or as an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt) administered together (i.e., as a single dose).
• a dose of 16 mg/day is administered as one 16 mg tablet of Compound (I) (either as the free base, or as an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt).
• a dose of 4 mg/day, 8 mg/day, 16 mg/day, 24 mg/day, 32 mg/day or 48 mg/day is administered in divided doses, twice a day (e.g., a 48 mg/day dose is administered as 24 mg twice daily).
• a dose of 8 mg/day, 16 mg/day, 24 mg/day, or 32 mg/day is administered in divided doses, twice a day (e.g., a 32 mg/day dose is administered as 16 mg of Compound (I) (either as the free base, or as an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt) twice daily, i.e., in separate doses.
• a dose of 16 mg/day is administered as 8 mg of Compound (I) (either as the free base, or as an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as the phosphate salt) twice daily, i.e., in separate doses.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable salt such as the phosphate salt
• an effective amount of Compound (I) is administered as about 5.3 mg (such as 5.3 mg) of the phosphate salt of Compound (I) twice per day.
• an effective amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 8 mg (such as 8 mg) twice per day.
• Compound (I) is administered as about 10.5 mg (such as 10.5 mg) of the phosphate salt of Compound (I) twice per day.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 12 mg (such as 12 mg) twice per day.
• effective amount of Compound (I) is about 15.8 mg (such as 15.8 mg) of the phosphate salt of Compound (I) twice per day.
• an effective amount of Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 16 mg (such as 16 mg) twice per day.
• the effective amount of Compound (I) is about 21.1 mg (such as 21.1 mg) of the phosphate salt of Compound (I) twice per day.
• CYP3 A4 supersomesTM were obtained from Corning Gentest. ⁇ - nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (NADPH), magnesium chloride (MgCh), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Deuterated test compounds were supplied by Concert Pharmaceuticals.
• the final reaction volume was 0.5 mL and contained 50 pmol/mL CYP3A4 supersomes, 0.25 ⁇ test compound, and 2 mM NADPH in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, and 3 mM MgCh.
• the reaction mixtures were incubated at 37°C and 50 ⁇ ⁇ aliquots were removed at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes and added to shallow-well 96-well plates which contained 50 ⁇ ⁇ of ice-cold ACN with internal standard to stop the reactions.
• the plates were stored at 4°C for 20 minutes after which 100 ⁇ ⁇ of water was added to the wells of the plate before centrifugation to pellet precipitated proteins.
• the final reaction volume was 0.5 mL and contained 5 mg/mL human liver microsomes, 0.25 ⁇ test compound, and 2 mM NADPH in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, and 3 mM MgCh.
• the reaction mixtures were incubated at 37°C, and 50 ⁇ _, aliquots were removed at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes and added to shallow-well 96-well plates which contained 50 ⁇ _, of ice-cold ACN with internal standard to stop the reactions.
• the plates were stored at 4°C for 20 minutes after which 100 ⁇ _, of water was added to the wells of the plate before centrifugation to pellet precipitated proteins.
• SAD Single Ascending Dose Study: Healthy volunteers were administered doses of Compound (I) or placebo under fasted conditions. The objective of the study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of 8 mg, 16 mg, 32 mg, or 48 mg of Compound (I) as the phosphate salt (e.g., 10.5 mg of Compound (I) phosphate salt is equivalent to 8 mg of Compound (I) free base). For each dose group, 6 subjects received Compound (I), and 2 subjects received placebo. The study design is shown in FIG.1 A. Metabolites of Compound (I) were analyzed. Doses of Compound (I) were administered as Compound (I) phosphate salt as a powder-in-capsule, administered with water. The preliminary results are shown in FIGS. IB and 1C.
• FIGS. IB and 1C Preliminary results from the SAD study are shown in FIGS. IB and 1C.
• Preliminary results from the MAD study are shown in FIGS. 2B and 2C.
• Final results from the MAD study are shown in the following tables.
• CTP-543 is Compound (I), administered as the phosphate salt.
• IFN-y-mediated STAT1 signaling which is believed to play a key role in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, was significantly inhibited in disease-relevant immune cell types at all doses evaluated.
• Compound (I) after 12 months of dosing with the primary efficacy analysis at week 24.
• the Phase 2a trial is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel dose trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Compound (I) in adult patients with moderate-to- severe alopecia areata.
• Approximately 100 patients will be randomized to receive one of four doses of Compound I as the phosphate salt (e.g., 10.5 mg of Compound (I) phosphate salt is equivalent to 8 mg of Compound (I) free base).
• the four doses of Compound (I) are 4, 8 (i.e., aboutl0.5 mg of Compound (I) phosphate salt), 12 and 16 mg twice daily, and there is also a patient group receiving placebo.
• the primary outcome measure will utilize the severity of alopecia tool (SALT) after 24 weeks of dosing.
• the trial will include an additional 28 weeks of dosing where all patients enrolled in the study will receive Compound (I).

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