WO2017190563A1 - 电池组 - Google Patents

电池组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017190563A1
WO2017190563A1 PCT/CN2017/078216 CN2017078216W WO2017190563A1 WO 2017190563 A1 WO2017190563 A1 WO 2017190563A1 CN 2017078216 W CN2017078216 W CN 2017078216W WO 2017190563 A1 WO2017190563 A1 WO 2017190563A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
battery pack
pack according
unit
adjacent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/078216
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙尚传
Original Assignee
安徽巨大电池技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 安徽巨大电池技术有限公司 filed Critical 安徽巨大电池技术有限公司
Publication of WO2017190563A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017190563A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of battery manufacturing, and in particular to a battery pack.
  • bipolar battery structure is a common design method.
  • Bipolar batteries can be used to increase battery energy storage capacity based on weight and volume, reduce package weight and volume, and provide stable battery. Performance and low internal resistance.
  • the structure of a bipolar battery generally comprises a conductive bipolar layer, a so-called bipolar plate, which serves as an electrical interconnection between adjacent cells in a battery and as a partition between individual cells.
  • the bipolar plates need to be sufficiently conductive to transfer current from one single cell to another and have good chemical stability in the battery environment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a commonly used bipolar battery in the prior art (refer to the application file of CN1555584A).
  • the bipolar plate 2 is disposed.
  • a plurality of battery cells are formed at intervals inside the battery case 1.
  • the two sides of the bipolar plate 2 are the positive and negative electrodes of the battery (reference numerals 3 and 5 in the figure), and the insulating separator 4 between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery.
  • the liquid is filled in the gap between the respective bipolar plates 2.
  • bipolar battery structure when a battery unit expands or is damaged, it is easy to damage the battery unit adjacent thereto due to the unbuffered structure, for example, due to expansion, implicated damage and its phase.
  • the adjacent battery unit may even expand the entire outer casing of the battery, thereby destroying the entire battery pack structure. Therefore, a bipolar battery of such a structure is likely to cause a situation in which the entire battery pack is destroyed due to a failure of a single battery unit.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery pack capable of solving the technical problem that the battery pack structure is unstable due to the lack of a safety protection structure existing in the prior art bipolar battery structure.
  • the present invention provides a battery pack comprising at least two battery units arranged in a stack, the outer casing of the battery unit being a metal outer casing, and the metal outer casing of the adjacent battery unit being on an opposite surface portion Connect and form a gap space.
  • the battery unit is entirely in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped or a cylinder, the lower surface of the first battery unit is connected to the upper surface portion of the second battery unit, and the lower surface of the first battery unit is a metal outer casing.
  • the connection region has a corrugated structure, and the metal casing of the upper surface of the second battery unit has a corrugated structure at the connection region, thereby forming a gap between the first battery unit and the second battery unit; wherein the first battery unit and the second battery unit It is any two adjacent battery cells in the battery pack.
  • a conductive block is disposed between the metal casings of the adjacent battery cells, and the conductive blocks are used to electrically connect the metal casing portions of the adjacent battery cells together and form a gap space.
  • one or both sides of the metal casing connection of the adjacent battery cells are provided with grooves, and the grooves are used to form a clearance space.
  • the battery unit is further provided with an elastic buffer body having a compression and contraction characteristic.
  • the metal casings of the battery cells each include a connection region and a separation region, and the lower surface of the first battery cell is connected to the upper surface portion of the second battery cell, and the separation of adjacent battery cells A gap space is formed between the regions, and the separation region is provided at one end or both ends of the metal casing.
  • the arrangement directions of the different battery cell separation regions are different.
  • adjacent metal shells of adjacent battery cells are provided with an elastic support between the separation regions.
  • the battery pack further includes a circuit board disposed between the same end separation regions of adjacent metal plates of adjacent battery cells.
  • the separation region includes an arcuate section that is curved toward the inside of the battery unit, the thickness of the arcuate section being thinned.
  • the battery pack provided by the present invention can form a safety protection structure of the battery unit by providing a gap space, and can effectively reduce or eliminate the hazard caused by the expansion of the battery unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional bipolar battery in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a battery pack of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a modified embodiment of the structure of the battery pack of the embodiment of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is another modified embodiment of the battery pack structure of the embodiment of Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of a fourth embodiment of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of a fifth embodiment of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural view of a sixth embodiment of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of a seventh embodiment of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of an eighth embodiment of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of a ninth embodiment of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a battery pack according to the present invention.
  • the battery pack in the embodiment includes at least two battery units arranged in a stack, and only two battery units are shown in the figure.
  • the structure can be represented as any two adjacent battery cells.
  • the outside of the battery unit is a sealing metal plate 110, and an anode plate 131, a cathode plate 132, and an insulating spacer 133 provided between the cathode plate 132 and the anode plate 131 are disposed inside the sealing metal plate 110.
  • the anode and cathode plates between adjacent battery cells are alternately arranged.
  • a cavity 134 inside the battery unit is used to house the electrolyte.
  • the material of anode plate 131 and cathode plate 132 can then be any suitable battery material.
  • the material of the anode plate 131 may be an alloy or an oxide of tin, lithium, calcium, or the like, or may be other materials capable of functioning as an anode of a battery such as silicon or graphite.
  • the material of the cathode plate 132 may be an oxide of lithium and lithium cobaltate. Lithium carbonate and the like are within the scope of those skilled in the art and will not be enumerated here.
  • connection region 111 of the adjacent battery cell sealing metal plate has a corrugated structure, and a plurality of voids 101 are formed between the corrugated structures.
  • the void 101 shrinks due to pressure, thereby offsetting or Relieves the deformation of the sealed metal shell of the battery unit.
  • the dotted arc in the figure indicates the position after the corrugated structure is deformed.
  • FIG. 3 is a modified embodiment of the structure of the battery pack in the embodiment of FIG. 2. Comparing FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the battery unit in FIG. 3 further includes a separation region 112. A gap 505 is formed between the separation regions 112. When the battery cells expand or are squeezed, the gap 505 formed at the separation region 112 is compressed and contracted, which can cancel or alleviate the deformation of the battery unit metal plate. The gap 505 at the separation region 112 corresponds to a buffer-type safety protection structure, which can effectively prevent the battery unit from being damaged. Ensure the stability of the battery pack structure.
  • FIG. 4 is another modified embodiment of the battery pack structure in the embodiment of FIG. 2.
  • the embodiment is different from the previous embodiment in that only one side of the adjacent battery unit connection region 111 is corrugated.
  • the structure, and the other side connection region 111 is a planar structure, which is an improvement made after fully considering the stability of the battery cell stack, because if the connection regions 111 on both sides are corrugated, the battery cell stack is prone to occur.
  • the displacement is adopted, and the one side connection region 111 is a flat surface, and the other side connection region 111 is a corrugated structure, which can balance battery cell stack stability and prevent battery expansion safety.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • the structure is passed between adjacent battery cells as compared with the structure of the first embodiment.
  • the conductive blocks 88 are connected without the corrugation structure being provided.
  • gaps 801 are provided between adjacent metal shell connection regions of adjacent battery cells and are connected together by the conductive blocks 88.
  • the material of the conductive block 88 is preferably made of a soft material such as aluminum, titanium alloy or the like.
  • the soft material has the advantage that when the battery unit expands or is squeezed, the conductive block 88 functions to electrically connect adjacent metal plates on the one hand, and a certain deformation can also occur on the other hand, so that the battery unit can be The position of the conductive block 88 disposed at the position of the connection region 111 is deformed.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • the battery pack in the embodiment includes five battery units (A, B, C, D, E), of course, in other embodiments.
  • the number of battery cells is not limited to five, and may be two, three, four, six, or more. The exact amount depends on the output voltage requirements of the battery.
  • a plurality of battery cells connected in series may constitute a battery pack having a specified output voltage.
  • the outer side of the battery pack is the upper and lower end plates (11, 22), and the upper and lower end plates (11, 22) may be metal current collecting plates, which function as conductive and external support, and therefore need to have electrical conductivity and have A certain mechanical strength.
  • the upper and lower end plates (11, 22) may also be support plates for forming the outer casing of the battery pack.
  • the upper and lower end plates (11, 22) can provide metal support inside the battery case.
  • the upper and lower end plates (11, 22) can also serve as external positive and negative electrodes of the battery pack.
  • each of the metal shells 110 includes a connection region 111 and a separation region 112 for an electrically conductive connection between adjacent battery cells.
  • the separation regions 112 are disposed at one end of the metal shell 110, and the other ends are the connection regions 111 directly connected together.
  • the separation regions 112 may also be disposed at both ends of the metal shell 110.
  • the connection region 111 and the separation region 112 are of a unitary structure and can be formed by stamping the same metal sheet.
  • adjacent metal plate connection regions 111 of adjacent battery cells are directly abutting connections, of course, in other embodiments, adjacent metal plate connection regions 111 of adjacent battery cells are also It may be indirectly connected by a conductive substance. Adjacent metal plate connection regions 111 of adjacent battery cells may be pressed together, or welded together, or bonded together using a conductive adhesive or the like.
  • the cavity 134 of the battery unit in this embodiment is further provided with an elastic buffer body 140.
  • the elastic buffer body 140 contracts due to pressure.
  • the elastic buffer body 140 is made of a soft material, such as rubber.
  • the buffer body is preferably a hollow structure, such as a hollow cube, a hollow sphere, a hollow cylinder, and a hollow ring. Body and so on. Obviously, this structure allows the battery unit to withstand larger battery cell expansion or compression deformation.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a fourth embodiment of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • the metal casing of the battery unit in the embodiment includes a connection region 111 and a separation region 112, and a lower surface and a second surface of the first battery unit.
  • the upper surface portions of the battery cells are connected together, and a gap space is formed between the separated regions of the adjacent battery cells, and the separation region is disposed at one end of the metal casing, and the different battery cell separation regions are disposed in different orientations. That is, some are set to the left, some are set to the right, and the orientation of the battery unit separation area is different.
  • the battery cell separation region 112 is not limited to being disposed to one side in the embodiment of Fig. 6.
  • the structural features of other parts of the battery unit are the same as those in the previous embodiment, and will not be described in detail herein.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a fifth embodiment of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • the battery pack structure has two improvements compared to the embodiment of FIG. One of them is to adopt a different arrangement form of the separation regions.
  • the orientations of the four battery cell separation regions are staggered; the second is that the separation region 112 of each battery cell is only set.
  • the other side is in direct sealing connection with the connection area 111 of the adjacent battery unit, and the gap 505 is also provided in a spaced relationship.
  • This structure is simpler in terms of processing than the structure in the embodiment of Fig. 6 because its separation region 112 is provided with only one side.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a sixth embodiment of a battery pack according to the present invention.
  • a recess 909 is disposed between adjacent battery cells of the battery pack, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the recess 909 may be a rectangle. , the arc shape, etc., not limited herein, the groove 909 may be provided on one side or both sides of the joint of the metal shell, in the illustrated case, the groove 909 is provided on one side of the joint of the metal shell, the groove 909 is used to form a gap space.
  • the groove 909 may protrude toward the outside of the battery unit or be recessed inward to offset or alleviate the deformation of the metal casing of the battery unit.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a seventh embodiment of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • the adjacent battery cells of the adjacent battery cells are provided with elastic regions between the separated regions.
  • the elastic support 506 can use any suitable material.
  • a material having the following properties such as silicone rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride is excellent in insulation, and can coexist with an electrolyte and can be stabilized at a voltage of 10 volts or less and a temperature of 200 degrees Celsius or less.
  • the elastic support body is at least elastically deformable by 20% or more in the stacking direction of the battery cells.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of an eighth embodiment of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • the battery pack further includes a circuit board 150 disposed between adjacent metal plate separation regions of adjacent battery cells.
  • Circuit board 150 is used for battery pack balancing, thermal management, or other possible functions.
  • the advantage of providing the circuit board 150 inside the battery pack is that the internal space of the battery pack can be fully utilized, and the number and length of the wires can be reduced without extending the wires of the electrodes to the outside of the battery pack case (not shown), thereby enhancing the battery.
  • the overall sealing of the group In order to further utilize the internal space of the battery pack, the circuit board 150 is preferably disposed on the same side of the separation area or on the same side of the battery pack.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a ninth embodiment of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • the separation region 112 includes an arc segment bent toward the inner side of the battery unit. 1102, when the battery unit expands or is squeezed, the curved section 1102 protrudes outward to offset or alleviate the deformation of the battery unit metal plate.
  • connection region 111 and the separation region 112 are a unitary structure, wherein the material thickness of the arc segment 1102 is smaller than the thickness of the other portion of the separation region 112 and the material of the connection region 111, or the thickness of the arc segment 1102 is smaller than the connection region 111. And one of the other portions of the separation region 112, the thickness of the material of the curved segment 1102 is designed to be smaller, mainly considering that the arc segment 1102 is less than the adjacent material when the cell is expanded or squeezed.
  • the connection region 111 and the separation region 112 can be more easily deformed, and the connection region 111, the separation region 112, and other portions of the battery unit are structurally stabilized to prevent damage of the battery unit.
  • the broken line in Fig. 12 indicates the case where the curved segment 1102 is deformed.
  • the above embodiment is a description of the overall structure of the battery unit and the battery pack.
  • the technical features in the above embodiments may, after different combinations, further extend more embodiments, and the skilled person does not have to work creatively.
  • a simple combination of the technical features of the present invention should also be within the scope of the present invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种电池组，电池组包括至少两个堆叠设置的电池单元，所述电池单元的外壳为金属外壳，相邻电池单元的金属外壳在相对的面上部分连接，并形成间隙空间。相对与现有技术，本发明提供的电池组，通过设置间隙空间，可以形成电池单元的安全防护结构，可以有效降低或消除电池单元膨胀带来的危害。

Description

电池组
【技术领域】
本发明涉及电池制造的技术领域，具体是涉及一种电池组。
【背景技术】
目前，在燃料电池的结构设计中，双极电池结构是一种常见的设计方式，双极电池可用于提高以重量和体积为基础的电池能量存储容量、减少封装重量和体积、提供稳定的电池性能和低内阻。
双极电池的结构一般包括导电的双极层，即所谓的双极板，它用作在电池中的相邻单电池之间的电互连以及作为各个电池单元之间的间壁。为了成功地利用双极结构，双极板需要充分地导电，以从一个单电池向另一单电池传输电流，并在电池环境中具有良好的化学稳定性。
请参阅图1，图1是现有技术中一种常用的双极电池的结构示意简图（参见专利公开号为CN1555584A的申请文件），在该双极电池结构中，其双极板2设置在电池外壳1的内部以间隔形成多个电池单元，双极板2的两侧分别为电池的正、负极（图中标号3、5），电池正、负极之间为绝缘隔板4，电解液填充于各双极板2之间的空隙内。该种双极电池结构存在的问题在于，当某一电池单元发生膨胀或者受到破坏时，由于没有缓冲的结构，其很容易使与其相邻的电池单元受到损坏，譬如由于膨胀而牵连破坏与其相邻的电池单元，甚至可能胀开电池的整体外壳，进而破坏掉整个电池组结构。因此，该种结构的双极电池很可能发生由于单个电池单元发生故障而导致整个电池组被破坏的情况。
【发明内容】
有鉴于此，本发明实施例提供一种电池组，该电池组结构能够解决现有技术双极电池结构中存在的由于缺少安全防护结构而导致电池组结构不稳定的技术问题。
为解决上述问题，本发明提供一种电池组，所述电池组包括至少两个堆叠设置的电池单元，所述电池单元的外壳为金属外壳，相邻电池单元的金属外壳在相对的面上部分连接，并形成间隙空间。
根据本发明一优选实施例，所述电池单元整体呈长方体或者圆柱体，第一电池单元的下表面与第二电池单元的上表面部分的连接在一起，且第一电池单元的下表面金属外壳在连接区域呈波纹结构，第二电池单元的上表面的金属外壳在连接区域呈波纹结构，从而在第一电池单元和第二电池单元之间形成空隙；其中第一电池单元与第二电池单元为所述电池组中任意两个相邻的电池单元。
根据本发明一优选实施例，所述相邻电池单元的金属外壳之间设有导电块，所述导电块用于将相邻电池单元的金属外壳部分导电的连接在一起，并形成间隙空间。
根据本发明一优选实施例，所述相邻电池单元的金属外壳连接处的一侧或者两侧设有凹槽，所述凹槽用以形成间隙空间。
根据本发明一优选实施例，所述电池单元的外壳内还设有具有受压收缩特性的弹性缓冲体。
根据本发明一优选实施例，所述电池单元的金属外壳均包括连接区域和分离区域，第一电池单元的下表面与第二电池单元的上表面部分的连接在一起，相邻电池单元的分离区域之间形成间隙空间，且分离区域设于金属外壳的一端或者两端。
根据本发明一优选实施例，所述分离区域设于金属板的一端时，不同电池单元分离区域的设置朝向不同。
根据本发明一优选实施例，相邻电池单元的相邻金属壳在分离区域之间设有弹性支撑体。
根据本发明一优选实施例，所述电池组还包括设在相邻电池单元的相邻金属板同一端分离区域之间的电路板。
根据本发明一优选实施例，所述分离区域包括一向电池单元内侧弯曲的弧形段，所述弧形段的厚度减薄。
相对与现有技术，本发明提供的电池组，通过设置间隙空间，可以形成电池单元的安全防护结构，可以有效降低或消除电池单元膨胀带来的危害。
【附图说明】
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是现有技术中一种常用的双极电池的结构示意简图；
图2是本发明电池组第一实施例的结构示意图；
图3是图2实施例中电池组结构的一种变形实施例；
图4是图2实施例中电池组结构的另一种变形实施例；
图5是本发明电池组第二实施例的结构示意图；
图6是本发明电池组第三实施例的结构示意图；
图7是本发明电池组第四实施例的结构示意图；
图8是本发明电池组第五实施例的结构示意图；
图9是本发明电池组第六实施例的结构示意图；
图10是本发明电池组第七实施例的结构示意图；
图11是本发明电池组第八实施例的结构示意图；以及
图12是本发明电池组第九实施例的结构示意图。
【具体实施方式】
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
请参阅图2，图2是本发明电池组第一实施例的结构示意图，该实施例中的电池组包括至少两个堆叠设置的电池单元，图中只表示出了两个电池单元的情况，该结构可以表示为任意两个相邻的电池单元。电池单元的外部为密封金属板110，密封金属板110内部设置有阳极板131、阴极板132以及设于阴极板132和阳极板131之间的绝缘隔板133。相邻电池单元之间的阴阳极板交替排列。电池单元内部的腔体134用于容置电解质。
阳极板131和阴极板132的材料则可以是任何合适的电池材料。例如，阳极板131材料可以是锡、锂、钙等的合金或者氧化物，还可以为硅、石墨等其它能够作为电池阳极的材料。而阴极板132的材料可以是锂的氧化物以及钴酸锂、 碳酸锂等等，在本领域技术人员的理解范围内，此处不再一一列举。
相邻电池单元密封金属板的连接区域111呈波纹结构，且波纹结构之间形成多个空隙101，当电池单元发生膨胀或者受到挤压时，空隙101因受压而收缩变小，进而抵消或缓解电池单元密封金属壳的形变。图中虚线圆弧表示为波纹结构发生形变后的位置情况。
请一并参阅图3，图3是图2实施例中电池组结构的一种变形实施例，比较图2和图3可知，图3中的电池单元为还包括分离区域112。分离区域112之间形成间隙505，该种结构在电池单元发生膨胀或者受到挤压时，分离区域112处形成的间隙505受压收缩，可以抵消或缓解电池单元金属板的形变。分离区域112处间隙505相当于缓冲室式的安全防护结构，可以有效防止电池单元受到破坏。保证电池组结构的稳定性。
请继续参阅图4，图4是图2实施例中电池组结构的另一种变形实施例，该实施例与上一实施例不同的是，相邻电池单元连接区域111只有一侧设置成波纹结构，而另一侧连接区域111为平面结构，该种结构是在充分考虑到电池单元堆叠稳定性后做出的改进，因为如果两侧连接区域111都是波纹结构的话，电池单元堆叠容易发生移位，而采用一侧连接区域111为平面，另一侧连接区域111为波纹结构，可以兼顾电池单元堆叠稳定性以及防止电池膨胀安全性。
实施例2
请参阅图5，图5是本发明电池组第二实施例的结构示意图，从该实施例的图中可以看到，相较于实施例1的结构来说，在相邻电池单元之间通过导电块88进行连接，而不再设置波纹结构。具体为在相邻电池单元的相邻金属壳连接区域之间设有间隙801并通过导电块88连接在一起。
其中，该导电块88的材料优选为软质材料制成，譬如铝、钛合金等等。优选软质材料的好处是，在电池单元发生膨胀或者受到挤压时，导电块88一方面起到导电连接相邻金属板的作用，另一方面还可以发生一定的形变，使电池单元可以在连接区域111位置设置的导电块88位置处发生形变。
实施例3
请参阅图6，图6是本发明电池组第三实施例的结构示意图；该实施例中的电池组包括5个电池单元（A、B、C、D、E），当然，在其他实施例中，电池单元的数量并不限于5个，可以为2个、3个、4个、6个……或多个。具体数量取决于电池的的输出电压要求。多个电池单元串联可以组成一个具有指定的输出电压的电池组。
电池组的外侧为上、下端板（11、22），上、下端板（11、22）可以是金属集电板，其作用是起到导电和外部支撑的作用，因此需要具备导电作用且具有一定的机械强度。另外，上、下端板（11、22）还可以是支撑板，用于形成电池组的外壳。上、下端板（11、22）可以在电池组壳内部提供金属支撑。上、下端板（11、22）还可以作为电池组的外部正极和负极。
在该实施例中，每一金属壳110均包括连接区域111和分离区域112，连接区域111用于相邻电池单元之间的导电连接。在该实施例中，分离区域112设于金属壳110的一端，另一端是连接区域111直接连接在一起，当然，在其他实施例中，分离区域112还可以设在金属壳110的两端。优选地，连接区域111和分离区域112为一体结构，可以采用同一金属片材冲压制成。
优选地，相邻电池单元的相邻金属壳之间采用固定连接的方式。在该实施例中，相邻电池单元的相邻金属板连接区域111之间为直接的紧靠连接，当然，在其他实施例中，相邻电池单元的相邻金属板连接区域111之间也可以是通过导电物质进行间接连接的。相邻电池单元的相邻金属板连接区域111可以是被压制在一起的，或者焊接在一起，或者使用导电粘合剂粘合在一起等。
相较于图3实施例不同的是，该实施例中电池单元的腔体134内部还设有弹性缓冲体140，当电池单元发生膨胀或者受到挤压时，弹性缓冲体140因受压而收缩，以抵消或缓解电池单元密封金属板的形变。其中，弹性缓冲体140为软质材料制成，譬如橡胶等，为了进一步增加其形变量，优选地，该缓冲体为空心结构，譬如可以为空心立方体、空心球体、空心柱状体、空心环状体等等。很显然，该种结构使电池单元可以承受更大的电池单元膨胀或者受压形变。
实施例4
请参阅图7，图7是本发明电池组第四实施例的结构示意图，该实施例中的电池单元的金属外壳均包括连接区域111和分离区域112，第一电池单元的下表面与第二电池单元的上表面部分的连接在一起，相邻电池单元的分离区域之间形成间隙空间，分离区域设于金属外壳的一端，不同电池单元分离区域的设置朝向不同。即有些朝左设置，有些朝右设置，电池单元分离区域的朝向不相同。从该实施例中可以看出，电池单元分离区域112并不限于图6实施例中朝一侧设置。当然，电池单元其他部分的结构特征与前述实施例中的相同，此处亦不再详述。
实施例5
请参阅图8，图8是本发明电池组第五实施例的结构示意图，该实施例中电池组结构相较于图6实施例有两处改进。其一为也采用了分离区域的朝向不同的设置形式，图中A、B、C、D四个电池单元分离区域的朝向交错排列；其二是，每一电池单元的的分离区域112只设置在一侧，而另一侧直接与相邻电池单元的连接区域111密封连接，空隙505也呈间隔的形式设置。该种结构由于其分离区域112只设置了一侧，因此在加工方面来讲要比图6实施例中的结构更简单。
实施例6
请参阅图9，图9是本发明电池组第六实施例的结构示意图，该实施例中的电池组相邻电池单元之间设有凹槽909，其中，凹槽909的截面形状可以为矩形、弧形等，此处不做限定，凹槽909可以设在金属外壳连接处的一侧或者两侧，在图示中为凹槽909设于金属外壳连接处的一侧的情况，凹槽909用以形成间隙空间，当电池单元发生膨胀或者受到挤压时，该凹槽909可以发生向电池单元外突出或者向内凹陷，以抵消或缓解电池单元金属外壳的形变。
实施例7
请参阅图10，图10是本发明电池组第七实施例的结构示意图，相较于图6实施例而言，该实施例中相邻电池单元的相邻金属板分离区域之间设有弹性支撑体506，即相当于将弹性支撑体填充到了原来间隙505的位置，弹性支撑体506的弹性可以增强电池组堆叠方向的延伸性。弹性支撑体506可以使用任何合适的材料。例如硅橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶、聚乙烯以及聚氯乙烯等具有如下特性的材料：绝缘性好，能够与电解质共存可以在电压10伏以下以及200摄氏温度以下稳定等。优选地，弹性支撑体在电池单元的堆叠方向上至少可以弹性形变增加20%或者更大。
实施例8
请参阅图11，图11是本发明电池组第八实施例的结构示意图，该实施例中，电池组还包括设在相邻电池单元的相邻金属板分离区域之间的电路板150。电路板150用于电池组平衡、热管理或者其他可能的功能等。将电路板150设在电池组内部的好处是可以充分利用电池组内部空间，减少导线的数量和长度，不必将电极的导线延伸到电池组壳体（图中未示）的外部，从而增强电池组整体的密封性。为了进一步利用电池组内部空间，优选地将电路板150设置在分离区域的同一侧或者是电池组的同一侧。
实施例9
请一并参阅图12，图12是本发明电池组第九实施例的结构示意图，该实施例与上一实施例电池单元结构的区别在于，分离区域112包括一向电池单元内侧弯曲的弧形段1102，当电池单元发生膨胀或者受到挤压时，该弧形段1102向外突出，以抵消或缓解电池单元金属板的形变。
优选地，该连接区域111和分离区域112为一体结构，其中，弧形段1102的材料厚度小于分离区域112其他部分材料以及连接区域111材料的厚度，或者弧形段1102的厚度小于连接区域111和分离区域112其他部分中的一者，之所以设计弧形段1102的材料厚度更小一些，主要是考虑在电池单元发生膨胀或者受到挤压时，弧形段1102由于材料厚度小于与其相邻的连接区域111和分离区域112，可以更容易的发生形变，而使连接区域111、分离区域112以及电池单元其他部分结构保持结构稳定，避免电池单元发生损坏。图12中虚线表示弧形段1102发生形变的情况。
以上实施例是对电池单元以及电池组整体结构的描述，上述各实施例中的技术特征在经过不同的组合后，当然还可以延伸出更多的实施例，在本领域技术人员没有经过创造性劳动，而只是以本发明中技术特征的简单组合也应该在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电池组，其特征在于，所述电池组包括至少两个堆叠设置的电池单元，所述电池单元的外壳为金属外壳，相邻电池单元的金属外壳在相对的面上部分连接，并形成间隙空间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述电池单元整体呈长方体或者圆柱体，第一电池单元的下表面与第二电池单元的上表面部分的连接在一起，且第一电池单元的下表面金属外壳在连接区域呈波纹结构，第二电池单元的上表面的金属外壳在连接区域呈波纹结构，从而在第一电池单元和第二电池单元之间形成空隙；其中第一电池单元与第二电池单元为所述电池组中任意两个相邻的电池单元。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述相邻电池单元的金属外壳之间设有导电块，所述导电块用于将相邻电池单元的金属外壳部分导电的连接在一起，并形成间隙空间。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述相邻电池单元的金属外壳连接处的一侧或者两侧设有凹槽，所述凹槽用以形成间隙空间。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述电池单元的外壳内还设有具有受压收缩特性的弹性缓冲体。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述电池单元的金属外壳均包括连接区域和分离区域，第一电池单元的下表面与第二电池单元的上表面部分的连接在一起，相邻电池单元的分离区域之间形成间隙空间，且分离区域设于金属外壳的一端或者两端。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述分离区域设于金属外壳的一端时，不同电池单元分离区域的设置朝向不同。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的电池组，其特征在于，相邻电池单元的相邻金属壳在分离区域之间设有弹性支撑体。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述电池组还包括设在电池单元金属壳分离区域之间的电路板。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述分离区域包括一向电池单元内侧弯曲的弧形段。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述弧形段的厚度减薄。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述弹性支撑体在电池单元的堆叠方向上至少可以弹性形变15%。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述电池组还包括设在相邻电池单元端部之间的电路板。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的电池组，其特征在于，同一电池单元端部外周还贴设有密封胶带。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述密封胶带的材料为陶瓷或聚合物。
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