WO2017188379A1 - Fraise à queue - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2017188379A1
WO2017188379A1 PCT/JP2017/016732 JP2017016732W WO2017188379A1 WO 2017188379 A1 WO2017188379 A1 WO 2017188379A1 JP 2017016732 W JP2017016732 W JP 2017016732W WO 2017188379 A1 WO2017188379 A1 WO 2017188379A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
outer peripheral
blade
end mill
angle
blade length
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2017/016732
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
鈴木　教和
石黒　力也
真靖 細川
光太郎 坂口
Original Assignee
国立大学法人名古屋大学
三菱マテリアル株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 国立大学法人名古屋大学, 三菱マテリアル株式会社 filed Critical 国立大学法人名古屋大学
Publication of WO2017188379A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017188379A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an end mill that can effectively suppress chatter vibration over the entire blade length region.
  • an end mill as shown in Patent Document 1 below is known.
  • the end mill is formed on the outer periphery of the end mill main body having an axial shape and the end mill main body, and toward the side opposite to the tool rotation direction in the circumferential direction around the axis from the tip end in the axial direction of the end mill main body toward the base end side.
  • the end mill of Patent Document 1 is a so-called unequal lead end mill in which the torsion angles of the outer peripheral blades are different from each other.
  • Such an unequal lead end mill can suppress chatter vibration by suppressing self-excited vibration generated during cutting.
  • chatter vibration can be suppressed regardless of where the cutting process is performed in the cutting edge region (full cutting length) of the outer peripheral cutting edge (that is, regardless of the amount of cutting in the axial direction).
  • chatter vibration frequency cannot be known in advance and chatter vibration can be suppressed even in a state where chatter vibration can occur at an arbitrary frequency within a predetermined frequency band. There was room for improvement.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an end mill that can remarkably suppress chatter vibration regardless of the amount of cut.
  • the present invention proposes the following means. That is, the present invention provides an end mill body having an axial shape, and chip discharge formed on the outer periphery of the end mill body and extending in the circumferential direction around the axis as it goes from the distal end in the axial direction of the end mill body toward the base end side.
  • An end mill comprising a groove, a wall surface facing the tool rotation direction in the circumferential direction in the chip discharge groove, and an outer peripheral blade formed on a cross ridge line with the outer peripheral surface of the end mill body, wherein the chip discharge Four grooves are formed in the circumferential direction so as to be spaced apart from each other, and the four outer peripheral blades that are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction are twisted between the first outer peripheral blade and the first outer peripheral blade.
  • Two second outer peripheral blades having different angles are included, and the first outer peripheral blades and the second outer peripheral blades are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and the outer peripheral blades
  • the two pitch angles include two first pitch angles and two second pitch angles different from the first pitch angle, and the two first pitch angles are Are arranged adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction, and the two second pitch angles are arranged adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction.
  • the end mill of the present invention includes four outer peripheral blades arranged on the outer periphery of the end mill main body at intervals in the circumferential direction. These four outer peripheral blades each include two first outer peripheral blades and two second outer peripheral blades having different torsion angles, and the first outer peripheral blade and the second outer peripheral blade.
  • the outer peripheral blades are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. That is, the end mill of the present invention is not an equal lead end mill in which the twist angles of the outer peripheral blades are all the same, but an unequal lead end mill having a plurality of types of twist angles.
  • four pitch angles arranged around the axis of the end mill main body includes two first pitch angles and two second pitch angles having different angles.
  • the two first pitch angles are adjacently arranged in the circumferential direction, and the two second pitch angles are also adjacently arranged in the circumferential direction. That is, the end mill of the present invention is not an equal pitch end mill in which the pitch angles of the outer peripheral blades are all the same, but is also an unequal pitch end mill having a plurality of types of pitch angles.
  • FIG. 5 schematically showing the arrangement of the outer peripheral blades of the present invention, the cross section of the end mill main body at a predetermined position in the blade length ap region of the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 (in the example shown, the center (1 / 2))), the pitch angles A and B corresponding to the distance between the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 along the end mill circumferential direction (horizontal axis direction) in FIG.
  • the first pitch angle A, the first pitch angle A, the second pitch angle B, and the second pitch angle B are arranged in this order.
  • the outer peripheral blades alternate in the order of the first outer peripheral blade 1, the second outer peripheral blade 2, the first outer peripheral blade 1, and the second outer peripheral blade 2 in the order opposite to the tool rotation direction T. Accordingly, the torsion angle of the outer peripheral blade is also directed toward the side opposite to the tool rotation direction T, the torsion angle ⁇ 1 of the first outer peripheral blade 1, the torsion angle ⁇ 2 of the second outer peripheral blade 2, and the first The twist angle ⁇ 1 of the outer peripheral blade 1 and the twist angle ⁇ 2 of the second outer peripheral blade 2 are alternately arranged in this order.
  • one of the first pitch angles A located in the tool rotation direction T and two of the second pitch angles B and B are One second pitch angle B positioned in the tool rotation direction T is the difference between the angles (B ⁇ A absolute value) over the entire blade length ap region.
  • the first pitch angle A on one side (left side / tool rotation direction T side) at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region is gradually decreased toward the tip side of the blade length ap.
  • the pitch angle ⁇ 1 is set at the tip position (ap0) of the blade length ap region.
  • the second pitch angle B on one side (left side / tool rotation direction T side) at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region is gradually reduced toward the tip side of the blade length ap, and the blade length
  • the pitch angle ⁇ 3 is set at the tip position (ap0) of the ap region.
  • at the tip position of the blade length ap are equal to each other. Also, at the base end position (ap1 not shown) of the blade length ap region, the difference in angle is the same as described above, and the difference in angle is also equal in the other blade length ap regions. That is, the difference between the first pitch angle A and the second pitch angle B is constant over the entire blade length ap region.
  • the other first pitch angle A located on the side opposite to the tool rotation direction T, and the two second pitch angles B, Of B is constant in the difference
  • the first pitch angle A on the other side (right side / opposite to the tool rotation direction T) at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region is directed toward the tip side of the blade length ap. Accordingly, the pitch angle ⁇ 2 is set at the tip position (ap0) of the blade length ap region. Further, the second pitch angle B on the other side (right side / opposite to the tool rotation direction T) at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region is gradually increased toward the tip side of the blade length ap.
  • the pitch angle ⁇ 4 is set at the tip position (ap0) of the blade length ap region.
  • at the predetermined position of the blade length ap is equal to the angle difference
  • the difference in angle is the same as described above, and the difference in angle is also equal in the other blade length ap regions. That is, the difference between the other first pitch angle A and the other second pitch angle B is constant over the entire blade length ap region.
  • , and the other first pitch angle A and the other second pitch angle B is equal to each other. Furthermore, this relationship is maintained over the entire blade length ap region. Specifically, for example, at the tip position (ap0) of the blade length ap region, the angle difference
  • FIG. 6 which shows the arrangement
  • the first pitch angle A, the second pitch angle B, the second pitch angle B, and the first pitch angle A are arranged in this order.
  • the outer peripheral blades alternate in the order of the first outer peripheral blade 1, the second outer peripheral blade 2, the first outer peripheral blade 1, and the second outer peripheral blade 2 in the order opposite to the tool rotation direction T. Accordingly, the torsion angle of the outer peripheral blade is also directed toward the side opposite to the tool rotation direction T, the torsion angle ⁇ 1 of the first outer peripheral blade 1, the torsion angle ⁇ 2 of the second outer peripheral blade 2, and the first The twist angle ⁇ 1 of the outer peripheral blade 1 and the twist angle ⁇ 2 of the second outer peripheral blade 2 are alternately arranged in this order.
  • one of the first pitch angles A located in the tool rotation direction T and two of the second pitch angles B and B are The difference between the other second pitch angles B located on the opposite side of the tool rotation direction T and the angle
  • the first pitch angle A on one side (left side) at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region is gradually reduced toward the tip side of the blade length ap, and the blade length ap
  • the pitch angle ⁇ 1 is set at the tip position (ap0) of the region.
  • the second (right) second pitch angle B at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region is gradually reduced toward the tip side of the blade length ap, and the tip position of the blade length ap region ( In ap0), the pitch angle is ⁇ 3.
  • at the tip position of the blade length ap are equal to each other.
  • the difference in angle is the same as described above, and the difference in angle is also equal in the other blade length ap regions. That is, the difference between the first pitch angle A on one side and the second pitch angle B on the other side
  • one second pitch angle B positioned in the tool rotation direction T is constant in the difference
  • the first (right) first pitch angle A at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region is gradually increased toward the tip side of the blade length ap, and the blade length ap is increased.
  • the pitch angle ⁇ 2 is set at the tip position (ap0) of the region.
  • one (left side) second pitch angle B at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region is gradually increased toward the tip side of the blade length ap, and the tip position of the blade length ap region ( In ap0), the pitch angle is ⁇ 4.
  • at the predetermined position of the blade length ap is equal to the angle difference
  • the difference in angle is the same as described above, and the difference in angle is also equal in the other blade length ap regions. That is, the difference between the other first pitch angle A and one second pitch angle B is constant over the entire blade length ap region.
  • is equal to each other. Furthermore, this relationship is maintained over the entire blade length ap region. Specifically, for example, at the tip position (ap0) of the blade length ap region, the angle difference
  • each of the difference of the angle corresponding to the frequency It came to the knowledge that it was effective to set it as the arrangement
  • the “difference in angle corresponding to a specific frequency” can be obtained based on vibration calculation theory or can be obtained from an experimental value (experience value).
  • the “specific frequency” specifically indicates a frequency band within a predetermined range, for example, a range of 300 to 900 Hz.
  • the present invention employs a configuration that maintains the above-described angle difference that can cancel a specific frequency over the entire blade length ap region.
  • the specific frequency to be canceled can be stably suppressed.
  • the frequency of chatter vibration cannot be known in advance, and conventionally, even in a state where chatter vibration can occur at an arbitrary frequency within a predetermined frequency band, the end mill of the present invention can be used. According to this, chatter vibration can be stably suppressed over the entire predetermined frequency band.
  • FIG. 7 a comparative example (conventional end mill) shown in FIG. 7 will be described.
  • the four pitch angles A and B are directed to the opposite side of the tool rotation direction T, and the first pitch angle A, the second pitch angle B, and the first The pitch angle A and the second pitch angle B are alternately arranged in this order.
  • the two first pitch angles A and A one of the first pitch angles A located in the tool rotation direction T and two of the second pitch angles B and B in the tool rotation direction T.
  • One of the second pitch angles B that is positioned is an angle difference
  • the first pitch angle A on one side (left side) at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region is gradually decreased toward the tip side of the blade length ap, and the blade length ap
  • the pitch angle ⁇ 1 is set at the tip position (ap0) of the region.
  • one (left side) second pitch angle B at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region is gradually increased toward the tip side of the blade length ap, and the tip position of the blade length ap region ( In ap0), the pitch angle is ⁇ 2.
  • at the tip position of the blade length ap are different from each other.
  • the difference in angle is different as described above, and the difference in angle is also different in the other blade length ap regions. That is, the difference between the first pitch angle A on one side and the second pitch angle B on the other side is changed over the entire blade length ap region.
  • the other first pitch angle A located on the side opposite to the tool rotation direction T, and the two second pitch angles B, Of B is an angle at which a specific frequency can be suppressed only at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region.
  • the difference is
  • the first (right) first pitch angle A at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region is gradually decreased toward the tip side of the blade length ap, and the blade length ap
  • the pitch angle ⁇ 1 is set at the tip position (ap0) of the region.
  • the second (right) second pitch angle B at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) of the blade length ap region is gradually increased toward the tip side of the blade length ap, and the tip position of the blade length ap region ( In ap0), the pitch angle is ⁇ 2.
  • at the tip position of the blade length ap are different from each other.
  • the difference in angle is different as described above, and the difference in angle is also different in the other blade length ap regions. That is, the difference between the other first pitch angle A and the other second pitch angle B is changed over the entire blade length ap region.
  • left-side first pitch angle A and the other (right-side) second pitch angle B is similar to the above. It is varied over the entire long ap region. Also, with respect to the other (right side) first pitch angle A and the one (left side) second pitch angle B, the difference between the angles
  • the end mill effectively suppresses the occurrence of self-excited vibration for the specific frequency not only at a predetermined position of the blade length ap region but also over the entire region of the blade length ap region. Can do it. That is, chatter vibration can be stably suppressed regardless of the amount of cut in the axial direction of the end mill, and the manufacture of the end mill is not complicated.
  • the end mill according to the present invention makes it easy to suppress not only the specific frequency but also the occurrence of self-excited vibration when the frequency changes because the outer peripheral blades are unequal leads.
  • the effect of suppressing a specific frequency is obtained, and the effect of suppressing a frequency other than the specific frequency is also achieved. Therefore, the effect of suppressing chatter vibration becomes particularly remarkable.
  • the predetermined position in the blade length region is a portion other than the tip portion in the blade length region.
  • the angles of the pitch angles ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 can be made different from each other. That is, the tip portion of the edge length region of the outer peripheral blade is a position that starts to be cut into the work material, and is a place that is frequently used for cutting, and when the pitch angles are all different in the tip portion, the present invention
  • the above-described effect of suppressing chatter vibration is more likely to be particularly remarkable, which is preferable.
  • a predetermined position in the blade length region is a central portion in the blade length region.
  • a predetermined length ap region of the outer peripheral blade including the two first pitch angles A and A and the two second pitch angles B and B is predetermined. Since the position is the central portion (ap1 / 2) of the blade length ap region, the width of the chip discharge groove adjacent to the outer peripheral blade is reduced at the distal end and the base end of the blade length ap region of the outer peripheral blade. It is suppressed that it passes too much. Therefore, according to the said structure, chip
  • chatter vibration can be remarkably suppressed regardless of the cutting amount or the like.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 2 (a cross-sectional view of the end mill). It is a figure which shows typically the arrangement
  • FIG. 1 A graph showing the relationship between the amount of cut in the axial direction (vertical axis), the frequency (horizontal axis), and the number of regenerations (regenerative vibration) during cutting using the end mill of FIG. 1, (b) of the comparative example It is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of cuts in the axial direction (vertical axis), the frequency (horizontal axis), and the number of reproductions (reproduction vibration) during cutting using an end mill.
  • a square end mill 20 which is an example of an end mill according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
  • this invention is not limited to the square end mill 20,
  • it applies to various end mills, such as a radius end mill and a ball end mill (a taper ball end mill, a long neck end mill, a taper neck end mill etc.), etc. Is possible.
  • the square end mill 20 of the present embodiment has a shaft shape and includes an end mill body 3 made of, for example, cemented carbide or high-speed tool steel.
  • the end mill main body 3 has a substantially columnar shape, and a blade portion 3a is formed at least at a tip portion along the axis O direction of the end mill main body 3, and a portion other than the blade portion 3a is a shank portion 3b.
  • a cylindrical shank portion 3b in the end mill body 3 is held by a main shaft or the like of a machine tool, and is rotated in a tool rotation direction (end mill rotation direction) T around an axis O, thereby a metal material or the like. It is used for cutting work (rolling work) of work material consisting of Further, along with the above rotation, the cutting in the direction of the axis O and the feeding in the direction crossing the axis O are given, and the side surface processing, shoulder processing, plunge (longitudinal feeding) processing on the work material by the blade 3a Various processing such as grooving is performed.
  • the coolant is supplied toward the blade portion 3a of the square end mill 20 and the work surface (work part) of the work material.
  • the coolant for example, an oily or water-soluble cutting fluid or compressed air is used.
  • the coolant is supplied from the main spindle of the machine tool to the blade portion 3a and the machining surface through the inside of the end mill body 3, or is supplied to the blade portion 3a and the machining surface from the outside of the end mill body 3.
  • the direction from the shank portion 3b to the blade portion 3a is referred to as the distal end side, and the direction from the blade portion 3a to the shank portion 3b. It is called the proximal side.
  • a direction perpendicular to the axis O is referred to as a radial direction
  • a direction approaching the axis O in the radial direction is referred to as a radial inner side
  • a direction away from the axis O is referred to as a radial outer side.
  • the direction that circulates around the axis O is referred to as the circumferential direction.
  • the direction in which the end mill body 3 is rotated at the time of cutting is referred to as the tool rotation direction T, and the opposite direction is the tool rotation direction.
  • the side opposite to T (counter tool rotating direction) is referred to.
  • Chip discharge grooves 4 are formed on the outer periphery of the blade portion 3a at intervals in the circumferential direction. These chip discharge grooves 4 are arranged at unequal intervals in the circumferential direction. Specifically, among the four chip discharge grooves 4, the two chip discharge grooves 4 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and the remaining two chip discharge grooves 4 are arranged at the equal intervals. Are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and the chip discharge grooves 4 are arranged at unequal intervals in the end mill as a whole.
  • the chip discharge groove 4 is twisted and extended in the circumferential direction along the axis O as it goes from the distal end along the axis O direction of the end mill body 3 toward the base end side.
  • the chip discharge groove 4 of the present embodiment opens at the distal end surface of the end mill body 3 and gradually twists and extends toward the side opposite to the tool rotation direction T from the distal end surface toward the proximal end side.
  • the chip discharge groove 4 is rounded up to the outer periphery of the end mill body 3 at the end portion on the base end side of the blade portion 3a.
  • Each chip discharge groove 4 has a wall surface facing the tool rotation direction T, and a portion of the wall surface adjacent to the cutting edge is a rake surface. Specifically, of the rake face of the cutting edge, the portions adjacent to the outer peripheral edges 1 and 2 and the bottom edge 9 described later of the cutting edge are the rake face 4a and the bottom edge 9 of the outer peripheral edges 1 and 2, respectively. The rake face 4b.
  • a gash 7 is formed at the tip of the chip discharge groove 4 so that the tip is cut out in a groove shape in the radial direction.
  • the gash 7 of the present embodiment is formed in a groove shape extending along the radial direction at the tip end portion of the chip discharge groove 4, and the end portion on the radially inner side is at a position close to the axis O. Is arranged.
  • four gashes 7 are formed corresponding to the four chip discharge grooves 4, and as shown in FIG. 3, a pair of gashes adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction among these gashes 7. 7, that is, a set of gashes 7 communicate with each other at the radially inner end of each gasche 7.
  • the two bottom blades 9 (short blades) cut out by the gash 7 (the set) have two blades 9 (long blades) that are not cut out by the gash 7.
  • the blade length is shorter than the blade length.
  • the blade portion 3a has four cutting edges spaced from each other in the circumferential direction.
  • Each of the cutting blades has an outer peripheral blade 1 or 2 and a bottom blade 9, which are connected to form one cutting blade having a substantially L shape. That is, the square end mill 20 of the present embodiment has a four-blade blade portion 3a.
  • the number of cutting edges (four) corresponds to the number of chip discharge grooves 4 (four).
  • Outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 are formed on the intersecting ridge line between the wall surface facing the tool rotation direction T in the chip discharge groove 4 and the outer peripheral surface of the end mill body 3.
  • the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 extend in a spiral shape (spiral shape) along the outer peripheral edge of the wall surface of the chip discharge groove 4.
  • the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 include a first outer peripheral blade 1 and a second outer peripheral blade 2 having a twist angle different from that of the first outer peripheral blade 1.
  • the first outer peripheral blade 1 and the second outer peripheral blade 2 will be described later separately.
  • the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 are the rake face 4a located at the radially outer end of the wall surface of the chip discharge groove 4 facing the tool rotation direction T, and the chip discharge groove 4 of the outer peripheral surface of the blade part 3a. Are formed on the intersecting ridge line of the outer peripheral flank 5 adjacent to the opposite side to the tool rotation direction T. On the outer peripheral surface of the blade portion 3a, outer peripheral flank surfaces 5 are formed between the chip discharge grooves 4 adjacent in the circumferential direction.
  • the width of the outer peripheral flank 5 (the length in the direction perpendicular to the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2) is, for example, substantially constant along the extending direction of the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2.
  • a number (four) of outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 corresponding to the number (four) of the chip discharge grooves 4 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction.
  • Each of the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 is a lead equal to the chip discharge groove 4 adjacent to the tool rotation direction T, and gradually twists toward the opposite side of the tool rotation direction T from the distal end of the end mill body 3 toward the proximal end side. It extends.
  • a rotation locus formed by rotating the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 around the axis O is a single cylindrical surface centered on the axis O.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of the square end mill 20 shown in FIG. 2 and a diagram schematically showing the arrangement of the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 shown in FIG.
  • the four outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 formed on the blade portion 3a of the main body 3 include two first outer peripheral blades 1 and two second outer peripheral blades 2 having different twist angles. Further, the first outer peripheral blades 1 and the second outer peripheral blades 2 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction.
  • the symbol ⁇ 1 represents the twist angle of the first outer peripheral blade 1
  • the symbol ⁇ 2 represents the twist angle of the second outer peripheral blade 2.
  • the twist angle ⁇ 2 of the second outer peripheral blade 2 is made larger than the twist angle ⁇ 1 of the first outer peripheral blade 1.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the twist angle ⁇ 2 may be smaller than the twist angle ⁇ 1.
  • the difference in angle between the twist angle ⁇ 1 of the first outer peripheral blade 1 and the twist angle ⁇ 2 of the second outer peripheral blade 2 (the absolute value of ⁇ 2- ⁇ 1; in the following description, it is simply expressed as
  • the twist angle ⁇ 1 of the first outer peripheral blade 1 is constant over the entire region of the blade length ap region of the outer peripheral blade 1
  • the twist angle ⁇ 2 of the second outer peripheral blade 2 is The outer peripheral blade 2 is constant over the entire region of the blade length ap region.
  • the formation region of the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 along the axis O direction of the end mill body 3 is referred to as a blade length region (this may be referred to as a blade length ap region).
  • the “twist angle” referred to in the present embodiment refers to the axis O and the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 (twist) in the side view of the end mill body 3 shown in FIG. 2 (when the end mill body 3 is viewed from the radial direction).
  • an acute angle is indicated.
  • the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 are gradually extended toward the side opposite to the tool rotation direction T from the distal end toward the proximal end side along the axis O direction.
  • the twist angles 1 and 2 are positive angles (positive angles).
  • four pitch angles A arranged in the circumferential direction in the end mill cross-sectional view at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2 in the illustrated example) in the blade length ap region of the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 B includes two first pitch angles A and two second pitch angles B different from the first pitch angle A.
  • the two first pitch angles A and A are adjacently arranged in the circumferential direction
  • the two second pitch angles B and B are adjacently arranged in the circumferential direction.
  • the four pitch angles A and B are the first pitch angle A, the first pitch angle A, the second pitch angle B, and the second pitch around the axis O.
  • the pitch angles B are arranged in this order.
  • the second pitch angle B is made larger than the first pitch angle A.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the pitch angle B may be smaller than the pitch angle A.
  • the difference in angle between the first pitch angle A and the second pitch angle B (which is an absolute value of BA, and may be simply expressed as
  • the pitch angles A, A, B, and B are arranged in this order along the circumferential direction (the horizontal axis direction in FIG. 5), Only at “predetermined positions”. And the said predetermined position is made into parts other than the front-end
  • a bottom blade (tip blade) 9 is formed on the intersecting ridge line between the wall surface facing the tool rotation direction T in the chip discharge groove 4 and the tip surface of the end mill body 3. .
  • the bottom blade 9 extends linearly along the tip edge of the wall surface of the chip discharge groove 4.
  • the bottom blade 9 includes a rake face 4b located at an end portion on the tip end side and a tip end face of the blade portion 3a among the wall surfaces facing the tool rotation direction T of the chip discharge groove 4 (gash 7).
  • the chip discharge groove 4 is formed at the intersecting ridge line with the tip flank 8 adjacent to the opposite side to the tool rotation direction T.
  • a tip flank 8 is formed between the chip discharge grooves 4 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction on the tip surface of the blade portion 3a.
  • the width of the tip flank 8 (the length in the direction perpendicular to the bottom blade 9) is, for example, substantially constant along the extending direction of the bottom blade 9.
  • a number (four) of bottom blades 9 corresponding to the number (four) of the chip discharge grooves 4 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction.
  • the bottom blade 9 extends along the radial direction.
  • the four bottom blades 9 include a pair of long blades (bottom blade 9 not cut out by the gash 7) and a pair of short blades (bottom blade 9 in which the radially inner end is cut off by the gash 7). And are included.
  • Inner ends (end edges on the inner side in the radial direction) of the pair of long blades are arranged close to the axis O.
  • Gash 7 is disposed between the inner ends of the pair of short blades and the axis O.
  • the bottom blade 9 gradually extends slightly toward the base end side from the outer end (radially outer edge) toward the radially inner side. . Therefore, the rotation locus formed by the bottom blade 9 rotating around the axis O is a conical surface (tapered surface) that gradually inclines toward the base end side from the outer end of the bottom blade 9 toward the radially inner side. Become.
  • the bottom blade 9 may extend so as to be included in a plane perpendicular to the axis O. In this case, the rotation locus of the bottom blade 9 is a plane perpendicular to the axis O.
  • the outer end in the radial direction of the bottom blade 9 is connected to the tip of the outer peripheral blade 1 or 2 in the direction of the axis O.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing the arrangement of the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 (a diagram showing the outer periphery of the end mill developed in a flat shape).
  • FIG. 5 described above is different from the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 and the pitch angle A, FIG.
  • the arrangement (positional relationship) of B is different.
  • FIG. 6 a pair of adjacent outer peripheral blades 2 and 1 that form the pitch angle ⁇ 2 (and pitch angle A) shown in FIG. 5 and an adjacent outer peripheral blade 2 that forms the pitch angle ⁇ 4 (and pitch angle B),
  • the group (1) is arranged so as to be interchanged with each other.
  • the position of the first outer peripheral blade 1 and the position of the second outer peripheral blade 2 are replaced with each other and arranged as shown in FIG.
  • the end mill is configured as described above.
  • four outer peripheral blades 1, 2 face the opposite side to the tool rotation direction T, and the first outer peripheral blade 1, the second outer peripheral blade 2, and the first outer peripheral blade 1.
  • the second outer peripheral blades 2 are arranged in this order.
  • the four pitch angles A and B are directed to the side opposite to the tool rotation direction T.
  • the first pitch angle A, the second pitch angle B, the second pitch angle B, and the first pitch angle A are arranged in this order.
  • the first outer peripheral blades 1 and the second outer peripheral blades 2 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction.
  • the two first pitch angles A and A among the four pitch angles A and B are The two second pitch angles B and B are adjacently arranged in the circumferential direction.
  • the square end mill (end mill) 20 of the present embodiment described above includes four outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 arranged on the outer periphery of the end mill body 3 at intervals in the circumferential direction. These four outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 include two first outer peripheral blades 1 and two second outer peripheral blades 2 having different torsion angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 from each other. The one outer peripheral blade 1 and the second outer peripheral blade 2 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. That is, the square end mill 20 of the present embodiment is not an equal lead end mill in which the outer blades have the same twist angle, but an unequal lead end mill having a plurality of types of twist angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2.
  • the end mill body 3 at a predetermined position in the blade length ap region of the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2, four pitch angles arranged around the axis O of the end mill body 3 (a pair of adjacent ones in the end mill cross-sectional view).
  • the central angles A and B formed between a pair of imaginary straight lines connecting the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 and the axis O are the first pitch angle A and the second pitch angle that are different in magnitude from each other.
  • B is included two by two.
  • the two first pitch angles A and A are adjacently arranged in the circumferential direction, and the two second pitch angles B and B are also adjacently arranged in the circumferential direction. That is, the square end mill 20 of this embodiment is not an equal pitch end mill in which the pitch angles of the outer peripheral blades are all the same, but is also an unequal pitch end mill having a plurality of types of pitch angles A and B.
  • the four outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 are arranged with special technical features that are not present.
  • the arrangement of the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 and the effect thereof according to this embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • FIG. 5 schematically showing the arrangement of the outer peripheral blades of the present embodiment
  • the cross section of the end mill body 3 at a predetermined position in the blade length ap region of the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 (in the illustrated example, the center of the blade length ap ( Pitch angles A and B corresponding to the distance between the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 along the end mill circumferential direction (horizontal axis direction) in FIG. 5 are opposite to the tool rotation direction T.
  • the first pitch angle A, the first pitch angle A, the second pitch angle B, and the second pitch angle B are arranged in this order.
  • the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 are directed to the side opposite to the tool rotation direction T, and the first outer peripheral blade 1, the second outer peripheral blade 2, the first outer peripheral blade 1, and the second outer peripheral blade 2.
  • the torsion angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 of the outer peripheral blades are also turned toward the side opposite to the tool rotation direction T, and the torsion angle ⁇ 1 of the first outer peripheral blade 1 and the second outer peripheral blade 2
  • the twist angle ⁇ 2, the twist angle ⁇ 1 of the first outer peripheral blade 1, and the twist angle ⁇ 2 of the second outer peripheral blade 2 are alternately arranged in this order.
  • one of the first pitch angles A located in the tool rotation direction T and two of the second pitch angles B and B are With respect to one second pitch angle B located in the tool rotation direction T, the difference in angle
  • the first pitch angle A on one side (left side) at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region is gradually decreased toward the tip side of the blade length ap, and the blade length ap
  • the pitch angle ⁇ 1 is set at the tip position (ap0) of the region.
  • one (left side) second pitch angle B at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) of the blade length ap region is gradually decreased toward the tip side of the blade length ap, and the tip position of the blade length ap region ( In ap0), the pitch angle is ⁇ 3.
  • at the tip position of the blade length ap are equal to each other. Also, at the base end position (ap1 not shown) of the blade length ap region, the difference in angle is the same as described above, and the difference in angle is also equal in the other blade length ap regions. That is, the difference between the first pitch angle A and the second pitch angle B is constant over the entire blade length ap region.
  • the other first pitch angle A located on the side opposite to the tool rotation direction T, and the two second pitch angles B, Of B is constant in the difference
  • the first (right) first pitch angle A at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region is gradually increased toward the tip side of the blade length ap.
  • the pitch angle ⁇ 2 is set at the tip position (ap0) of the region.
  • the second (right) second pitch angle B at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) of the blade length ap region is gradually increased toward the tip side of the blade length ap, and the tip position of the blade length ap region ( In ap0), the pitch angle is ⁇ 4.
  • at the predetermined position of the blade length ap is equal to the angle difference
  • the difference in angle is the same as described above, and the difference in angle is also equal in the other blade length ap regions. That is, the difference between the other first pitch angle A and the other second pitch angle B is constant over the entire blade length ap region.
  • , and the other first pitch angle A and the other second pitch angle B is equal to each other. Furthermore, this relationship is maintained over the entire blade length ap region. Specifically, for example, at the tip position (ap0) of the blade length ap region, the angle difference
  • FIG. 6 which shows typically the arrangement
  • the pitch angles A and B corresponding to the distance between the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 along the end mill circumferential direction (horizontal axis direction) in FIG.
  • the first pitch angle A, the second pitch angle B, the second pitch angle B, and the first pitch angle A are arranged in this order.
  • outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 are directed to the side opposite to the tool rotation direction T, and the first outer peripheral blade 1, the second outer peripheral blade 2, the first outer peripheral blade 1, and the second outer peripheral blade 2.
  • the torsion angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 of the outer peripheral blades are also turned toward the side opposite to the tool rotation direction T, and the torsion angle ⁇ 1 of the first outer peripheral blade 1 and the second outer peripheral blade 2
  • the twist angle ⁇ 2, the twist angle ⁇ 1 of the first outer peripheral blade 1, and the twist angle ⁇ 2 of the second outer peripheral blade 2 are alternately arranged in this order.
  • one of the first pitch angles A located in the tool rotation direction T and two of the second pitch angles B and B are The difference between the other second pitch angles B located on the opposite side of the tool rotation direction T and the angle
  • the first pitch angle A on one side (left side) at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region is gradually reduced toward the tip side of the blade length ap, and the blade length ap
  • the pitch angle ⁇ 1 is set at the tip position (ap0) of the region.
  • the second (right) second pitch angle B at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region is gradually reduced toward the tip side of the blade length ap, and the tip position of the blade length ap region ( In ap0), the pitch angle is ⁇ 3.
  • at the tip position of the blade length ap are equal to each other.
  • the difference in angle is the same as described above, and the difference in angle is also equal in the other blade length ap regions. That is, the difference between the first pitch angle A on one side and the second pitch angle B on the other side
  • one second pitch angle B positioned in the tool rotation direction T is constant in the difference
  • the first (right) first pitch angle A at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region is gradually increased toward the tip side of the blade length ap, and the blade length ap is increased.
  • the pitch angle ⁇ 2 is set at the tip position (ap0) of the region.
  • one (left side) second pitch angle B at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region is gradually increased toward the tip side of the blade length ap, and the tip position of the blade length ap region ( In ap0), the pitch angle is ⁇ 4.
  • at the predetermined position of the blade length ap is equal to the angle difference
  • the difference in angle is the same as described above, and the difference in angle is also equal in the other blade length ap regions. That is, the difference between the other first pitch angle A and one second pitch angle B is constant over the entire blade length ap region.
  • is equal to each other. Furthermore, this relationship is maintained over the entire blade length ap region. Specifically, for example, at the tip position (ap0) of the blade length ap region, the angle difference
  • the inventor of the present invention in order to suppress a specific frequency that generates chatter vibration at the time of cutting, the difference in angle
  • the “difference in angle corresponding to a specific frequency” can be obtained based on vibration calculation theory or can be obtained from an experimental value (experience value).
  • the “specific frequency” specifically indicates a frequency band within a predetermined range, for example, a range of 300 to 900 Hz.
  • the present embodiment employs a configuration that maintains the above-described angle difference
  • BA angle difference
  • BA constant over the entire blade length ap region
  • the specific frequency to be canceled can be stably suppressed.
  • the frequency of chatter vibration cannot be known in advance, and conventionally, even in a state where chatter vibration can occur at an arbitrary frequency within a predetermined frequency band, the end mill of this embodiment can be used. Accordingly, chatter vibration can be stably suppressed over the entire predetermined frequency band.
  • the cutting amount mm vertical axis in the direction of the axis O
  • the frequency Hz horizontal axis
  • the reproduction number RF displayed by shading, which will be described in detail later. From the calculation result (analysis result) representing the relationship, according to the square end mill 20 of the present embodiment, for example, over a wide range of frequencies of 450 to 800 Hz, regardless of the depth of cut of 0 to 25 mm, the number of reproductions RF is all less than 0.3. It was confirmed that the occurrence of chatter vibration was significantly suppressed.
  • the rotation speed of the main shaft was 2500 rpm.
  • the reproduction number RF will be described.
  • the sum of complex vectors that can be expressed using the phase delay ⁇ j, l of the reproduction vibration at each cutting edge is the reproduction number RF, and it can be considered that the reproduction effect is small when the absolute value
  • the following formula (1) shows the definition formula of the reproduction number RF.
  • ⁇ j, l means a phase delay in the l-th minute cutting edge obtained by dividing N z in the axial direction in the j-th cutting edge in the N t -blade tool.
  • Phase delay can be expressed by the following formula (2) using the frequency f c and the main shaft rotational speed n of the vibration chatter and pitch angle ⁇ ⁇ j, l in the same micro-cutting edge.
  • FIG. 7 a comparative example (conventional square end mill) shown in FIG. 7 will be described.
  • the four pitch angles A and B are directed to the opposite side of the tool rotation direction T, and the first pitch angle A, the second pitch angle B, and the first The pitch angle A and the second pitch angle B are alternately arranged in this order.
  • the two first pitch angles A and A one of the first pitch angles A located in the tool rotation direction T and two of the second pitch angles B and B in the tool rotation direction T.
  • One of the second pitch angles B that is positioned is an angle difference
  • the first pitch angle A on one side (left side) at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region is gradually decreased toward the tip side of the blade length ap, and the blade length ap
  • the pitch angle ⁇ 1 is set at the tip position (ap0) of the region.
  • one (left side) second pitch angle B at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region is gradually increased toward the tip side of the blade length ap, and the tip position of the blade length ap region ( In ap0), the pitch angle is ⁇ 2.
  • at the tip position of the blade length ap are different from each other.
  • the difference in angle is different as described above, and the difference in angle is also different in the other blade length ap regions. That is, the difference between the first pitch angle A on one side and the second pitch angle B on the other side is changed over the entire blade length ap region.
  • the other first pitch angle A located on the side opposite to the tool rotation direction T, and the two second pitch angles B, Of B is an angle at which a specific frequency can be suppressed only at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region.
  • the difference is
  • the first (right) first pitch angle A at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) in the blade length ap region is gradually decreased toward the tip side of the blade length ap, and the blade length ap
  • the pitch angle ⁇ 1 is set at the tip position (ap0) of the region.
  • the second (right) second pitch angle B at a predetermined position (ap1 / 2) of the blade length ap region is gradually increased toward the tip side of the blade length ap, and the tip position of the blade length ap region ( In ap0), the pitch angle is ⁇ 2.
  • at the tip position of the blade length ap are different from each other.
  • the difference in angle is different as described above, and the difference in angle is also different in the other blade length ap regions. That is, the difference between the other first pitch angle A and the other second pitch angle B is changed over the entire blade length ap region.
  • left-side first pitch angle A and the other (right-side) second pitch angle B is similar to the above. It is varied over the entire long ap region. Also, with respect to the other (right side) first pitch angle A and the one (left side) second pitch angle B, the difference between the angles
  • (Analysis result) confirms that, in the square end mill of the comparative example, chatter vibration occurs over almost the entire frequency range of 300 to 900 Hz when the cutting depth is 8 mm or less and the reproduction frequency RF exceeds 0.3. It was.
  • the rotation speed of the main shaft was 2500 rpm.
  • this end mill is effective not only in the predetermined position of the blade length ap region but also in the generation of self-excited vibration for the specific frequency over the entire region of the blade length ap region. Can be suppressed. That is, chatter vibration can be stably suppressed regardless of the amount of cut in the direction of the axis O of the square end mill 20, and the manufacture of the end mill is not complicated.
  • the following effects can also be obtained.
  • BB ⁇ ⁇ 0 that is, unequal division
  • BB ⁇ ⁇ 0 that is, unequal division
  • BB ⁇ ⁇ 0 that is, unequal division
  • BB ⁇ ⁇ 0 that is, unequal division
  • the square end mill 20 of the present embodiment makes it easy to suppress not only the specific frequency but also the occurrence of self-excited vibration when the frequency changes because the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 are unequal leads. Has been. In other words, the effect of suppressing a specific frequency is obtained, and the effect of suppressing a frequency other than the specific frequency is also achieved. Therefore, the effect of suppressing chatter vibration becomes particularly remarkable.
  • the predetermined position in the blade length ap region is a portion other than the tip portion in the blade length ap region, so the following effects are obtained. That is, in this case, at the tip of the blade length ap region, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, for example, the pitch angles ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 can all be made different from each other. That is, the tip part of the edge length ap region of the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 is a position where the cutting starts in the work material and is frequently used for cutting, and the pitch angles ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 are all at the tip part. If they are different from each other, the effect of suppressing the chatter vibration of the present embodiment is more likely to become particularly remarkable, which is preferable.
  • the predetermined position is made into the center part in this blade length ap area
  • the first pitch angle A and the second pitch angle B in the end mill cross-sectional view at a predetermined position in the blade length ap region are as follows.
  • the pitch angles A, A, B, and B are arranged in this order along the circumferential direction, and this predetermined position is a portion other than the tip portion in the blade length ap region, specifically the central portion (ap1 / 2). It was.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the predetermined position may be a portion other than the central portion in the blade length ap region, for example, a tip portion. However, it is preferable that the predetermined position is a portion other than the tip portion in the blade length ap region or a central portion, so that the operational effects described in the above-described embodiment can be obtained.
  • the chip discharge groove 4 gradually twists and extends toward the side opposite to the tool rotation direction T along the axis O direction along the axis O direction on the outer periphery of the end mill body 3. Yes. Accordingly, the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 gradually twist and extend toward the opposite side of the tool rotation direction T along the axis O direction from the distal end toward the proximal end along the outer periphery of the end mill body 3. . That is, the twist angle of the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 is a positive angle (positive angle).
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the chip discharge groove 4 is gradually twisted in the tool rotation direction T along the axis O direction along the axis O direction on the outer periphery of the end mill body 3. It may extend. Further, along with this, the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 may be gradually twisted and extended in the tool rotation direction T along the axis O direction on the outer periphery of the end mill body 3 from the distal end toward the proximal end side. That is, the twist angle of the outer peripheral blades 1 and 2 may be a negative angle (negative angle). According to the present invention, the above-described excellent effects can be achieved regardless of whether the outer blades 1 and 2 have a positive angle or a negative angle.

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Abstract

Selon l'invention, dans la présente fraise à queue : quatre bords de coupe périphériques (1) et (2), qui sont côte à côte à certaines distances les uns des autres dans la direction circonférentielle du corps de fraise à queue, comprennent deux des premiers bords de coupe périphériques (1) et des seconds bords de coupe périphériques (2) qui ont un angle d'hélice différent des premiers bords de coupe périphériques (1) ; les premiers bords de coupe périphériques (1) et les seconds bords de coupe périphériques (2) sont disposés de manière alternée dans la direction circonférentielle ; dans une vue en coupe transversale de la fraise à queue, à un emplacement spécifié dans la région de longueur de bord de coupe des bords de coupe périphériques (1) et (2), quatre angles de pas A et B qui sont côte à côte dans la direction circonférentielle comprennent deux des premiers angles de pas A et des seconds angles de pas B ayant un angle différent des premiers angles de pas A, et les deux premiers angles de pas A, A sont disposés adjacents l'un à l'autre dans la direction circonférentielle et les deux seconds angles de pas B, B sont disposés adjacents l'un à l'autre dans la direction circonférentielle.
PCT/JP2017/016732 2016-04-27 2017-04-27 Fraise à queue WO2017188379A1 (fr)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110013998A1 (en) * 2008-04-10 2011-01-20 Maurizio Tardivo End mill with different helix angles
JP2011206863A (ja) * 2010-03-29 2011-10-20 Mitsubishi Materials Corp エンドミル
JP2014058041A (ja) * 2006-08-07 2014-04-03 Hanita Metal Works Ltd 耐チャター性エンドミル

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014058041A (ja) * 2006-08-07 2014-04-03 Hanita Metal Works Ltd 耐チャター性エンドミル
US20110013998A1 (en) * 2008-04-10 2011-01-20 Maurizio Tardivo End mill with different helix angles
JP2011206863A (ja) * 2010-03-29 2011-10-20 Mitsubishi Materials Corp エンドミル

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