WO2017179435A1 - 液晶表示素子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
液晶表示素子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017179435A1 WO2017179435A1 PCT/JP2017/013197 JP2017013197W WO2017179435A1 WO 2017179435 A1 WO2017179435 A1 WO 2017179435A1 JP 2017013197 W JP2017013197 W JP 2017013197W WO 2017179435 A1 WO2017179435 A1 WO 2017179435A1
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- HVTJQICZTQZLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C(Oc(cc1)ccc1-c(cc1)ccc1OC(C(C)=C)=O)=O)=C Chemical compound CC(C(Oc(cc1)ccc1-c(cc1)ccc1OC(C(C)=C)=O)=O)=C HVTJQICZTQZLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C)c1cc(C)cc(C(C)(C)C)c1O Chemical compound CC(C)(C)c1cc(C)cc(C(C)(C)C)c1O NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUZOAQYUDBWDRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCOC[N](CC)(COC=O)COC([I+]C[I+]CCC=O)=O Chemical compound CCCCOC[N](CC)(COC=O)COC([I+]C[I+]CCC=O)=O QUZOAQYUDBWDRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element useful as a constituent member for a liquid crystal TV or the like and a method for manufacturing the same.
- Liquid crystal display elements are used in various measuring instruments, automobile panels, word processors, electronic notebooks, printers, computers, televisions, watches, advertisement display boards, etc., including clocks and calculators.
- Typical liquid crystal display methods include TN (twisted nematic) type, STN (super twisted nematic) type, vertical alignment type (vertical alignment; VA) using TFT (thin film transistor), and IPS. (In-plane switching) type.
- the liquid crystal composition used in these liquid crystal display elements is stable against external factors such as moisture, air, heat, and light, and exhibits a liquid crystal phase in the widest possible temperature range centering on room temperature. It is required to be viscous and have a low driving voltage.
- the liquid crystal composition is composed of several to several tens of kinds of compounds in order to optimize dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ ), refractive index anisotropy ( ⁇ n), etc. for each liquid crystal display element. It is composed of
- a liquid crystal composition having a negative ⁇ is used, which is widely used for liquid crystal TVs and the like.
- low voltage driving, high-speed response, and a wide operating temperature range are required. That is, the absolute value of ⁇ is large, the viscosity ( ⁇ ) is small, and a high nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (T NI ) is required.
- T NI nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature
- T NI nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature
- ⁇ n ⁇ d which is the product of ⁇ n and the cell gap (d)
- it is necessary to adjust ⁇ n of the liquid crystal composition to an appropriate range according to the cell gap when applying a liquid crystal display element to a television or the like, since high-speed response is important, a liquid crystal composition having a low rotational viscosity ( ⁇ 1 ) is required.
- an MVA (multi-domain vertical alignment) type that divides the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules in a pixel into a plurality of parts by providing a protrusion structure on the substrate.
- Liquid crystal display elements have been widely used.
- the MVA type liquid crystal display element is excellent in view angle characteristics, the response speed of liquid crystal molecules is different between the vicinity of the protrusion structure on the substrate and the part away from the protrusion structure, and the liquid crystal having a slow response speed away from the protrusion structure. Due to the influence of the molecules, there is a problem that the overall response speed is insufficient, and there is a problem of a decrease in transmittance due to the protruding structure.
- PSA is a method for providing a uniform pretilt angle in a divided pixel without providing a non-transparent protrusion structure in a cell, unlike a normal MVA liquid crystal display element.
- Liquid crystal display elements including polymer sustained alignment: polymer sustaining alignment and PS liquid crystal display elements (polymer stabilized)
- a PSA liquid crystal display element is obtained by adding a small amount of a polymerizable compound to a liquid crystal composition, introducing the liquid crystal composition into a liquid crystal cell, and then applying active energy rays while applying a voltage between the electrodes. It is produced by polymerizing the polymerizable compound. Therefore, an appropriate pretilt angle can be given in the divided pixels, and as a result, it is possible to achieve an improvement in contrast by improving the transmittance and a high-speed response by giving a uniform pretilt angle (for example, Patent Documents). 1).
- a vertical alignment film is formed on two substrates. By omitting such a vertical alignment film formation process, the manufacturing process is simplified, the yield is improved, and the result is low.
- a liquid crystal display element that can be reduced in cost has also been proposed. (For example, refer to Patent Document 2).
- this type of liquid crystal display element can improve the transmittance since it can improve the transmittance, like the PSA liquid crystal display element, and can also be expected to have high-speed response.
- the manufactured element generates display unevenness due to the manufacturing process, and a method using a specific liquid crystal material is disclosed as an improvement method (see Patent Document 3).
- a polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal composition is polymerized, and the polymer does not form a vertical alignment film. Since it is formed directly on the electrode substrate as an alignment control layer, it is extremely important in productivity to polymerize a polymerizable compound in a short time when manufacturing an element. At the same time, the polymerizable compound after polymerization is a liquid crystal composition. If even a small amount remains in the liquid crystal element, there is a problem that adverse effects occur from the viewpoint of alignment uniformity and alignment stability of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal element, and the alignment control layer itself is stable and does not change for a long time. It was also requested.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, simplifying the process of forming a vertical alignment film on an electrode substrate, polymerizing a polymerizable compound in a liquid crystal composition, and aligning the alignment control layer on the electrode substrate
- a liquid crystal display device manufactured by forming a high-contrast and high-speed display performance the formation time of the alignment control layer on the electrode substrate by polymerization of the polymerizable compound is greatly shortened, and A liquid crystal display element having improved display quality and reliability, and a method for manufacturing the same, by significantly suppressing the time-dependent change of the alignment control layer by suppressing residual unpolymerized substances, thereby improving the alignment stability of the liquid crystal molecules.
- the issue is to provide.
- the present inventors have studied various liquid crystal compositions and polymerizable compounds in the liquid crystal composition.
- the liquid crystal composition contains the polymerizable compound, and the liquid crystal composition is contained in the liquid crystal cell.
- the polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal composition is polymerized by irradiation with active energy rays while applying a voltage between the electrodes while applying a voltage between the electrodes, on one or both substrates on the substrate constituting the liquid crystal cell. It has been found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by combining a specific compound as a liquid crystal compound and a polymerizable compound without providing a vertical alignment film, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention provides a liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal composition between a first substrate having a common electrode and a second substrate having a plurality of pixels and a pixel electrode for each of the pixels.
- the liquid crystal composition has the general formula (III)
- R 5 ⁇ and R 6 ⁇ are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 2 to represents 8 alkenyloxy group, l 3 and l 4 each independently represents 0 or 1, G 2 represents a single bond, -CH 2 O -, - OCH 2 -, - CF 2 O- or -OCF 2- , wherein L 1 to L 6 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and a compound represented by the general formula (II)
- R 3 ⁇ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 4 ⁇ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms
- Q 1 Represents a 1,4-phenylene group or a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group
- Q 2 represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a trans-1,4-cyclohexenylene group
- G 1 represents -CH 2 CH 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - OCH 2 -, - CF 2 O- or -OCF 2 - represents, G 2 is present, a single bond, -
- the present invention also provides a liquid crystal composition between a first substrate having a common electrode and a color filter layer and a second substrate having a plurality of pixels and a pixel electrode for each of the pixels.
- R 5 ⁇ and R 6 ⁇ are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 2 to 8 represents an alkenyloxy group, l 3 and l 4 each independently represents 0 or 1, G 2 represents a single bond, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CF 2 O— or —OCF 2- , wherein L 1 to L 6 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom) and the general formula (II)
- R 3 ⁇ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 4 ⁇ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms
- Q 1 Represents a 1,4-phenylene group or a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group
- Q 2 represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a trans-1,4-cyclohexenylene group
- G 1 represents -CH 2 CH 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - OCH 2 -, - CF 2 O- or -OCF 2 - represents, G 2 is present, a single bond, -
- a polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition containing two or more polymerizable compounds By irradiating active energy rays between the pixel electrode and the common electrode while applying a voltage for applying a pretilt angle to the liquid crystal molecules in the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition, While polymerizing more than one type of polymerizable compound, an alignment control layer is formed between the first substrate and the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer using the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition as the liquid crystal composition.
- a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element is provided.
- the production process is simplified, the time required for the polymerization process is shortened, the productivity is excellent, and the residual polymerizable compound used for forming the orientation control layer is greatly suppressed.
- a liquid crystal display element having excellent contrast and a fast response speed, in which the occurrence of display defects such as image sticking and dripping marks during production, and changes with time are significantly suppressed, and a method for producing the same.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a liquid crystal display element in which a liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal composition is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, and a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer to displace the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer. This is based on the principle of acting as an optical switch by transferring, and a well-known and conventional technique can be used in this respect.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an embodiment of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal display element 10 of the present embodiment includes a first substrate 11, a second substrate 12, and a liquid crystal layer that is sandwiched between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 and contains a liquid crystal composition. 13, a common electrode 14 provided on the surface of the first substrate 11 facing the liquid crystal layer 13, a pixel electrode 15 provided on the surface of the second substrate 12 facing the liquid crystal layer 13, A color filter 18 provided between one substrate 11 and the common electrode 14 is schematically configured.
- the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 for example, a glass substrate or a plastic substrate is used.
- a substrate made of a resin such as acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, or cyclic olefin resin is used as the plastic substrate.
- the common electrode 14 and the pixel electrode 15 are usually made of a transparent material such as indium-added tin oxide (ITO).
- ITO indium-added tin oxide
- the pixel electrodes 15 are arranged in a matrix on the second substrate 12.
- the pixel electrode 15 is controlled by a drain electrode of an active element typified by a TFT switching element (not shown).
- the TFT switching element has a gate line as an address signal line and a source line as a data line in a matrix. is doing.
- the pixel electrode 15 has two or more regions having different pretilt directions of liquid crystal molecules in the pixel. In this way, by defining the pretilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules and dividing the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules fall within the pixel into several regions, the viewing angle characteristics are improved.
- a pixel electrode having a slit (a portion where no electrode is formed) having a stripe-like or V-shaped pattern may be provided in each pixel.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing a typical form of a slit electrode (comb electrode) when the inside of a pixel is divided into four regions.
- the slit electrode has comb-like slits in four directions from the center of the pixel, so that the liquid crystal molecules in each pixel that are substantially perpendicularly aligned with respect to the substrate when no voltage is applied are applied with voltage application.
- the liquid crystal molecules are directed in four different directions, approaching horizontal alignment. As a result, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the pixel can be divided into a plurality of parts, so that the viewing angle characteristic is extremely wide.
- the pixel electrode 15 has a slit (is a slit electrode).
- a method of providing a structure such as a linear protrusion in the pixel, a method of providing an electrode other than the pixel electrode and the common electrode, etc. are applied (not shown). And a method of providing the structure is preferable.
- the said structure should just have at least one of the 1st board
- a configuration using a slit electrode is preferable from the viewpoint of transmittance and ease of manufacture. Since the slit electrode does not have a driving force for the liquid crystal molecules when no voltage is applied, the slit electrode cannot give a pretilt angle to the liquid crystal molecules. However, in the present invention, a pretilt angle can be imparted by providing an alignment control layer described later, and a wide viewing angle by pixel division can be achieved by combining with a slit electrode obtained by pixel division.
- having a pretilt angle means that in a state where no voltage is applied, the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface (the surface adjacent to the liquid crystal layer 13 in the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12) and the liquid crystal molecules This means that the direction of the director is slightly different.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a vertical alignment (VA) type liquid crystal display element
- the director of the liquid crystal molecules is aligned substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface when no voltage is applied.
- VA vertical alignment
- polyimide, polyamide, polysiloxane, or the like is provided between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer and between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer, respectively.
- a vertical alignment film is disposed, in the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, at least one substrate does not have such a vertical alignment film.
- a vertical alignment film is provided on one substrate, for example, a transparent organic material such as polyimide, polyamide, BCB (Penzocyclobutene Polymer), or polyvinyl alcohol can be used.
- a voltage is applied between the electrodes and the liquid crystal molecules are slightly tilted and irradiated with active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays.
- An appropriate pretilt angle is imparted by polymerizing the polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal composition.
- the polymerizable compound specifically, a polymerizable compound described later is polymerized to form the alignment control layer.
- the liquid crystal molecules are substantially vertically aligned means a state in which the director of the vertically aligned liquid crystal molecules is slightly tilted from the vertical direction to give a pretilt angle.
- the angle formed by the direction completely parallel to the substrate surface and the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules is 90 °, and the liquid crystal molecules are completely homogeneously aligned (
- the angle is preferably 89 to 85 °, more preferably 89 to 87 °. It is.
- At least two or more polymerizable compounds are used as the polymerizable compound.
- the first polymerizable compound is a bifunctional polymerizable compound having a ring structure
- the second polymerizable compound is an aliphatic polymerizable compound having a linear or branched structure.
- the polymerizable compound is a compound that initiates polymerization by light or heat, but is preferably a (meth) acrylate compound.
- (meth) acrylate means both acrylate and methacrylate.
- —COO— means “—C ( ⁇ O) —O—” and “—OCO—” means “—O—C ( ⁇ O) —”.
- the “alkylene group” described in the description of the formula of a compound is a compound obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from each terminal carbon atom of an aliphatic linear or branched hydrocarbon. In the case where there is a substitution from a hydrogen atom to a halogen atom or an alkyl group, or from a methylene group to an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO- , That is specifically refused.
- the “alkylene chain length” means, for example, n in the general formula “— (CH 2 ) n — (where n represents an integer of 1 or more)” in the case of a linear alkylene group. It shall be.
- R 3 and R 4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- C 4 and C 5 each independently represents a 1,4-phenylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, pyridazine-3,6 Diyl group, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, cyclohexene-1,4-diyl group, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6 -Diyl group, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl group, anthracene-2,6-diyl group, 2,6-naphthylene group or indane-2,5-diyl group (among these groups, 1,4-phenylene group) 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene
- Z 3 and Z 5 are each independently a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups in the alkylene group are such that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other;
- Each independently substituted with an oxygen atom, —CO—, —COO— or —OCO—, and one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkylene group are each independently a fluorine atom, methyl Group or an ethyl group, which may be substituted
- Z 4 is a single bond, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2
- C 4 and C 5 are each independently 1,4-phenylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group, pyrimidine-2. , 5-diyl group, pyridazine-3,6-diyl group, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, cyclohexene-1,4-diyl group, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1, 2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl group, anthracene-2,6-diyl group, 2,6-naphthylene group or indane-2,5-diyl group ( Among these groups, one 1,4-phenylene group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, pyridine-2,5-diyl
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (X1a) include compounds represented by the formulas (X1a-101) to (X1a-140).
- a 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- a 2 represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups in the alkylene group are each independently an oxygen atom, assuming that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO- may be substituted, and one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkylene group are each independently substituted with a fluorine atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- a 3 and A 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups in the alkyl group are such that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other) And each independently may be substituted with an oxygen atom, —CO—, —COO— or —OCO—, and one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group are each independently a halogen atom. Which may be substituted with an atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms).
- a 4 and A 7 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups in the alkyl group are such that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other) And each independently may be substituted with an oxygen atom, —CO—, —COO— or —OCO—, and one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group are each independently a halogen atom. Which may be substituted with an atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms).
- B 1 , B 2 and B 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups in the alkyl group are
- each may be independently substituted with an oxygen atom, —CO—, —COO— or —OCO—, and one or more of the alkyl groups may be substituted.
- Each hydrogen atom may be independently substituted with a halogen atom or a trialkoxysilyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms), or the following general formula (Ib)
- a 9 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- a 8 represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups in the alkylene group are each independently an oxygen atom, assuming that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO- may be substituted, and one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkylene group are each independently substituted with a fluorine atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- a group represented by formula (1) However, among the existing B 1 , B 2 and B 3 , the number of the group represented by the general formula (Ib) is 0 or 1. ).
- the alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms in A 3 and A 6 may be linear, branched or cyclic, but may be linear or branched.
- examples of the halogen atom in A 3 and A 6 include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and a bromine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms in which the hydrogen atom of the alkyl group in A 3 and A 6 is substituted is the same as the alkyl group in A 3 and A 6 except that the number of carbon atoms is different. Is mentioned.
- examples of the halogen atom of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group in A 3 and A 6 are substituted, include those similar to the aforementioned halogen atom in A 3 and A 6.
- the alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms in A 2 is a divalent group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms in A 3 and A 6 .
- the group of is mentioned.
- examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in A 4 and A 7 include the same alkyl groups as those in A 3 and A 6 except that the number of carbon atoms is different.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms in which the hydrogen atom of the alkyl group in A 4 and A 7 is substituted is different from the alkyl group in A 3 and A 6 except that the number of carbon atoms is different. The same can be mentioned.
- examples of the halogen atom of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group in A 4 and A 7 are substituted, include those similar to the aforementioned halogen atom in A 3 and A 6.
- a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in B 1 , B 2 and B 3 is a straight chain having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in A 3 and A 6 .
- the same thing as a chain-like or branched alkyl group is mentioned.
- the trialkoxysilyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms in which the hydrogen atom of the alkyl group in B 1 , B 2 and B 3 is substituted includes any one of a methoxy group and an ethoxy group as the alkoxy group. 3 may be bonded to the same silicon atom, and the three alkoxy groups bonded to the same silicon atom may all be the same or only two may be the same. Specifically, a trimethoxysilyl group, a triethoxysilyl group, an ethoxydimethoxysilyl group, a diethoxymethoxysilyl group, and the like can be given.
- examples of the halogen atom in which the hydrogen atom of the alkyl group in B 1 , B 2, and B 3 is substituted include the same halogen atoms as those in A 3 and A 6 .
- B 1 , B 2 and B 3 are present in total 2k + 1, and among them, the number of the groups represented by the general formula (Ib) is 0 or 1.
- the group represented by the general formula (Ib) may be any of B 1 , B 2 and B 3 , but is preferably B 1 .
- B 1 , B 2 or B 3 is a group represented by the general formula (Ib), specifically, the compound represented by the general formula (X2a-1)
- a 11 and A 19 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;
- a 12 and A 18 are each independently a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups in the alkylene group are such that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other).
- Each independently substituted with an oxygen atom, —CO—, —COO— or —OCO—, and one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkylene group are each independently a fluorine atom, Which may be substituted with a methyl group or an ethyl group)
- a 13 and A 16 each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups in the linear alkyl group have an oxygen atom Each of which may be independently substituted with an oxygen atom, —CO—, —COO— or —OCO— as a non-direct bond.
- a 14 and A 17 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups in the alkyl group are such that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other).
- Each independently substituted with an oxygen atom, —CO—, —COO— or —OCO—, and one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group are each independently a halogen atom or Which may be substituted with an alkyl group of 1 to 9 carbon atoms)
- a 15 represents an alkylene group having 9 to 16 carbon atoms (in at least 1 to 5 methylene groups in the alkylene group, one hydrogen atom in the methylene group independently represents 1 to 10 carbon atoms).
- one or two or more methylene groups may be independently selected as those in which oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. And may be substituted with an oxygen atom, —CO—, —COO— or —OCO—.
- a compound represented by Formula (X2a-2) may be independently selected as those in which oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. And may be substituted with an oxygen atom, —CO—, —COO— or —OCO—.
- a 31 and A 32 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, b, c and d each independently represents an integer of 1 to 10, and e represents an integer of 0 to 6).
- a 41 and A 42 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and m, n, p and q each independently represents an integer of 1 to 10). It is done.
- the compounds represented by the general formula (X2a-1) are “Tetrahedron Letters, Vol. 30, pp 4985”, “Tetrahedron Letters, Vol. , Vol. 34, pp 217-225 "and the like.
- a 11 and A 19 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- a 12 ′ and A 18 ′ each represent a methylene group
- a 13 ′ and A 16 ′ are each independently a linear alkyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the linear alkyl group have an oxygen atom directly
- Each of which is not bonded may be independently substituted with an oxygen atom, —CO—, —COO— or —OCO—).
- a 14 ′ and A 17 ′ each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- a 15 represents an alkylene group having 9 to 16 carbon atoms (in the alkylene group, at least 1 to 5 methylene groups, each hydrogen atom in the methylene group independently represents one having 1 to 10 carbon atoms). It may be substituted with a linear or branched alkyl group, and one or two or more methylene groups in the alkylene group are each independently an oxygen atom,- CO—, —COO— or —OCO— may be substituted. ) Is preferred.
- the total number of —COO— and —OCO— in A 15 is 2 or less, and —COO— and —OCO in A 18 and A 21 Particularly preferred are those in which the numbers of-are each 1 or less, and specific examples include compounds represented by the formulas (X2a-101) to (X2a-109).
- R 7 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- 6-membered rings T 1 , T 2 and T 3 are each independently
- n 4 represents 0 or 1
- Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently a single bond, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —COO—, —OCO—, —C ⁇ C—, —CH ⁇ CH—.
- the 6-membered rings T 1 , T 2 and T 3 are each independently
- n 4 represents 0 or 1, and is preferably 0.
- Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently a single bond, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —COO—, —OCO—, —C ⁇ C—, —CH ⁇ CH—. , —CF ⁇ CF—, — (CH 2 ) 4 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 ⁇ CHCH 2 CH 2 — or —CH 2 CH 2 CH ⁇ CH—, preferably a single bond, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —COO—, —OCO—, —C ⁇ C—.
- Y 3 represents a single bond, —COO— or —OCO—, and is preferably a single bond.
- R 8 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- tri- or higher functional polymerizable compound having a ring structure that is the second polymerizable compound are those represented by the general formula (X2c)
- Z is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a halogen having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- l and n each independently represent an integer of 0, 1, 2, or 3, and l + n represents an integer of 3 or more
- Z represents the formula (R-1) to the formula (R-15) represents any one group
- R 1 represents any one group of the formulas (R-1) to (R-15)
- m represents an integer of 0 to 4
- R 1 , R 2 , Z, S 1 and S 2 may be the same or different, and a plurality of L 1 and M 2 are present. In this case, they may be the same or different, but at least one of L 1 represents a single bond. ).
- Z represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, Represents a halogenated alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, halogen, cyano group, nitro group or R 2 , but a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms And preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogen, a cyano group or R 2 , wherein S 1 and S 2 are each independently the number of carbon atoms 1 to 12 represent an alkylene group or a single bond, one -CH 2 in the alkylene group - or nonadjacent two or more
- a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 —, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —C 2 H 4 —, —COO—, —OCO—, —CH ⁇ CH—COO— , —CH ⁇ CH—OCO—, —COO—CH ⁇ CH—, —OCO—CH ⁇ CH—, —COO—CH ⁇ CH—COO—, —COO—CH ⁇ CH—OCO—, —OCO—CH ⁇ CH-COO -, - OCO- CH CH-OCO -, - COOC 2 H 4 -, - OCOC 2 H 4 -, - preferably C 2 H 4 OCO- or -C ⁇ C-, M 1 and M 3 are independently from each other, an aromatic ring, represents an aliphatic ring, an aromatic ring is preferred, M 2 is 1,4-phenylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, pyridine-2,5-diyl Group,
- L and n each independently represents an integer of 0, 1, 2 or 3, and 1 + n represents an integer of 1 or more, and when l represents 0, Z represents a formula (R-1) to This represents any one group of the formula (R-15), preferably the formula (R-1) or the formula (R-2), and when n represents 0, R 1 represents the formula (R-1) ) To formula (R-15) represents a group represented by formula (R-1) or formula (R— ) Is preferably, l and n are preferably not 0.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (X2c) include compounds represented by the formulas (X2c-101) to (X2c-150).
- the two or more polymerizable compounds used for forming the orientation control layer are preferably one or more polyfunctional polymerizable compounds and one or more monofunctional polymerizable compounds. It is more preferable that the total number is 3 to 6 from the viewpoint of excellent effects of not easily causing dripping marks during the production of the liquid crystal display element without deteriorating the characteristics and the burn-in characteristic of the liquid crystal display element.
- R 70 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 71 represents a hydrocarbon group having a condensed ring.
- the hydrocarbon group for R 71 may be any one having a condensed ring, may be composed only of a condensed ring, or may be a condensed ring and other hydrocarbon groups. You may have.
- the condensed ring may be either an aliphatic ring or an aromatic ring.
- the aliphatic ring may be either a saturated aliphatic ring or an unsaturated aliphatic ring, and may have both a saturated aliphatic ring and an unsaturated aliphatic ring.
- the number of rings constituting the condensed ring may be two or more, but preferably 2 to 7.
- the hydrocarbon group other than the condensed ring may be linear, branched or cyclic, and may have both a linear (linear and / or branched) structure and a cyclic structure.
- the chain structure and cyclic structure hydrocarbon group may be either a saturated hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, and the cyclic structure hydrocarbon group may be an aliphatic ring hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group. Either is acceptable.
- R 71 include a monovalent group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from a steroid, and a monovalent group obtained by removing a hydroxyl group from cholesterol is preferred.
- the ratio of each of the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound used for forming the alignment control layer may be appropriately adjusted depending on how many polymerizable compounds are used.
- the ratio of the first polymerizable compound to the product is preferably 0.001 to 5% by mass, and more preferably 1.0 to 4.0% by mass.
- the ratio of the second polymerizable compound is preferably 0.001 to 5% by mass, and more preferably 1.0 to 4.0% by mass.
- the liquid crystal composition used in the present invention has the general formula (III)
- R 5 ⁇ and R 6 ⁇ are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 2 to 8 represents an alkenyloxy group, each of l 3 and l 4 independently represents 0 or 1,
- G 2 represents a single bond, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, — CF 2 O— or —OCF 2 —, wherein L 1 to L 6 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and a compound represented by the general formula (II)
- R 3 ⁇ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 4 ⁇ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms
- Q 1 Represents a 1,4-phenylene group or a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group
- Q 2 represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a trans-1,4-cyclohexenylene group
- G 1 represents -CH 2 CH 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - OCH 2 -, - CF 2 O- or -OCF 2 - represents, G 2 is present, a single bond, -
- the polymerizability of the polymerizable compound when forming the alignment control layer is increased.
- the time for forming the alignment control layer can be shortened by greatly promoting, and there is very little or no unpolymerized residue of the polymerizable compound.
- high refractive index anisotropy suitable for a narrow cell panel can be easily achieved, and viscosity and rotational viscosity can be reduced.
- R 3 ⁇ , R 5 ⁇ and R 6 ⁇ are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or 1 to An alkoxy group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. It is preferable.
- R 4 ⁇ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, An alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 4 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable.
- Q 2 represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a trans-1,4-cyclohexenylene group, and is preferably a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group.
- G 1 is, -CH 2 CH 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - OCH 2 -, - CF 2 O- or -OCF 2 - represents a, -CH 2 CH 2 - or -CH 2 O-a It is preferable.
- G 2 present is a single bond, -CH 2 CH 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - OCH 2 -, - CF 2 O- or -OCF 2 - represents a, -CH 2 CH 2 -, a single bond Preferably, it is a single bond.
- l 2 each represents 0, 1, or 2, is preferably 0 or 1.
- L 1 to L 6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, but L 1 , L 2 , L 5 and L 6 are preferably hydrogen atoms.
- Preferred examples of the compound represented by the general formula (III) include, for example, the general formula (III-1)
- Preferred examples of the compound represented by the general formula (II) include, for example, the general formula (II-1) to the general formula (II-4).
- the total content of the compounds represented by formula (III) in the liquid crystal composition is preferably 5 to 60% by mass, more preferably 10 to 60% by mass, and 15 to 60% by mass. % Is more preferable.
- the total content of the compounds represented by formula (II) in the liquid crystal composition is preferably 15 to 60% by mass, more preferably 20 to 55% by mass, and 25 to 50% by mass. % Is more preferable.
- liquid crystal composition may have the general formula (I)
- R 1 ⁇ and R 2 ⁇ are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 2 to 2 carbon atoms
- 8 represents an alkenyloxy group
- Q 3 represents a 1,4-phenylene group or a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group
- l 1 represents 1 or 2
- Q 1 may be the same or different from each other.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms in R 1 ⁇ and R 2 ⁇ may be linear, branched or cyclic, but may be linear or branched.
- the alkyl group in R 1 ⁇ and R 2 ⁇ preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- examples of the alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms in R 1 ⁇ and R 2 ⁇ include ethenyl group (vinyl group), 2-propenyl group (allyl group), etc., and carbon atoms in R 1 ⁇ and R 2 ⁇
- Examples of the alkyl group represented by Formulas 2 to 8 include monovalent groups in which one single bond (C—C) between carbon atoms is substituted with a double bond (C ⁇ C).
- the alkenyl group in R 1 ⁇ and R 2 ⁇ preferably has 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably has the following structure.
- the alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms in R 1 ⁇ and R 2 ⁇ is a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, or the like, and the alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms in R 1 ⁇ and R 2 ⁇ is oxygen.
- a monovalent group formed by bonding to an atom is exemplified.
- the alkoxy group in R 1 ⁇ and R 2 ⁇ preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the alkenyloxy group R l [alpha] and R 2.alpha having 2 to 8 carbon atoms in, ethenyloxy group, 2-propenyloxy group, wherein the R l [alpha] and 2 to 8 carbon atoms in R 2.alpha
- examples thereof include a monovalent group in which an alkenyl group is bonded to an oxygen atom.
- the alkenyloxy group in R 1 ⁇ and R 2 ⁇ preferably has 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Preferred compounds represented by the general formula (I) include those in which the combination of R 1 ⁇ and R 2 ⁇ is the alkyl group, the alkyl group and the alkoxy group, the alkyl group and the alkenyl group. Some are listed.
- preferred examples of the compound represented by the general formula (I) include those represented by the following general formulas (I-1) to (I-4).
- the total content of the compounds represented by the general formula (I) in the liquid crystal composition is preferably 30 to 60% by mass, and more preferably 35 to 55% by mass.
- R 7 ⁇ and R 8 ⁇ are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 2 to 8 represents an alkenyloxy group, Q 4 represents a 1,4-phenylene group or a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, and l 4 represents 0 or 1. Good.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms in R 7 ⁇ and R 8 ⁇ may be linear, branched or cyclic, but may be linear or branched.
- the alkyl group for R 7 ⁇ and R 8 ⁇ preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the alkenyl group in R 7 ⁇ and R 8 ⁇ preferably has 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms in R 7 ⁇ and R 8 ⁇ is a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, or the like, and the alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms in R 7 ⁇ and R 8 ⁇ is oxygen
- a monovalent group formed by bonding to an atom is exemplified.
- the alkoxy group in R 7 ⁇ and R 8 ⁇ preferably has 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- examples of the alkenyloxy group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms in R 7 ⁇ and R 8 ⁇ include an ethenyloxy group, a 2-propenyloxy group, etc., and those having 2 to 8 carbon atoms in R 7 ⁇ and R 8 ⁇ Examples thereof include a monovalent group in which an alkenyl group is bonded to an oxygen atom.
- Preferred examples of the compound represented by the general formula (V) include those represented by the general formulas (V-1) to (V-3).
- the content of the compound represented by the general formula (V) in the liquid crystal composition is preferably 10 to 50% by mass, and more preferably 15 to 40% by mass.
- the total content of the compounds represented by general formula (I), general formula (II), general formula (III) and general formula (V) in the liquid crystal composition is 90 to 98% by mass. Preferably, it is 95 to 98% by mass.
- the liquid crystal composition used in the present invention has a dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ ) at 25 ° C. of ⁇ 2.0 to ⁇ 8.0, preferably ⁇ 2.0 to ⁇ 6.0, ⁇ 2 0.0 to -5.0 is more preferable, and -2.5 to -4.0 is particularly preferable.
- the liquid crystal composition used in the present invention has a refractive index anisotropy ( ⁇ n) at 20 ° C. of 0.08 to 0.14, more preferably 0.09 to 0.13, and 0.09 to 0. .12 is particularly preferred. More specifically, it is preferably 0.10 to 0.13 when dealing with a thin cell gap, and preferably 0.08 to 0.10 when dealing with a thick cell gap.
- the liquid crystal composition used in the present invention has a viscosity ( ⁇ ) at 20 ° C. of 10 to 30 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 10 to 25 mPa ⁇ s, and particularly preferably 10 to 22 mPa ⁇ s. preferable.
- the liquid crystal composition used in the present invention has a rotational viscosity ( ⁇ 1 ) at 20 ° C. of 60 to 130 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 60 to 110 mPa ⁇ s, and 60 to 100 mPa ⁇ s. Is particularly preferred.
- the liquid crystal composition used in the present invention 20 rotational viscosity at ° C. (gamma 1) the ratio of the elastic constants (K 33) ( ⁇ 1 / K 33) is 9.0mPa ⁇ s ⁇ pN -1 from 3.5 although, more preferably 8.0mPa ⁇ s ⁇ pN -1 from 3.5, particularly preferably 7.0mPa ⁇ s ⁇ pN -1 from 3.5.
- the liquid crystal composition used in the present invention has a nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (T ni ) of 60 ° C to 120 ° C, more preferably 70 ° C to 100 ° C, and more preferably 70 ° C to 85 ° C. Particularly preferred.
- T ni nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature
- the polymerizable compound forming the orientation control layer of the present invention is polymerized even when no polymerization initiator is present, but may contain a polymerization initiator in order to accelerate the polymerization.
- the polymerization initiator include benzoin ethers, benzophenones, acetophenones, benzyl ketals, acylphosphine oxides, and the like.
- a stabilizer may be added in order to improve storage stability.
- the stabilizer examples include hydroquinones, hydroquinone monoalkyl ethers, tert-butylcatechols, pyrogallols, thiophenols, nitro compounds, ⁇ -naphthylamines, ⁇ -naphthols, nitroso compounds, and the like. It is done.
- the liquid crystal composition of the present invention may further contain a compound represented by the general formula (Q).
- R Q represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and one or two or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups in the group are —O—, —CH ⁇ CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, —C ⁇ C—, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 — may be substituted.
- MQ represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 1,4-phenylene group or a single bond.
- the compound represented by the general formula (Q) is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (Qa) to general formula (Qe).
- R Q1 is preferably a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R Q2 is preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a branched alkyl group.
- R Q3 is preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group, a linear alkoxy group, or a branched alkoxy group.
- L Q is preferably a linear alkylene group or branched alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- L Q2 is preferably a linear alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or a branched alkylene group.
- the liquid crystal composition of the present invention contains the compound represented by the general formula (Q), it contains one or more kinds, but preferably contains 1 to 5 kinds, and contains 1 to 3 kinds. More preferably, it is particularly preferable to contain one kind. Further, the content is preferably 0.001% by mass to 1% by mass, more preferably 0.001% by mass to 0.1% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.001% by mass to 0.05% by mass. .
- the liquid crystal display element 10 may further include a passivation film between at least one of the first substrate 11 and the liquid crystal layer 13 and between the second substrate 12 and the liquid crystal layer 13 (Not shown). As described above, the surface of the first substrate 11 or the second substrate 12 in the vicinity is protected by having the passivation film.
- the liquid crystal display element 10 may further include a planarization film between at least one of the first substrate 11 and the liquid crystal layer 13 and between the second substrate 12 and the liquid crystal layer 13. (Not shown). When the flatness of the surface of this film is high, such a passivation film may be handled as a flattening film.
- passivation film and the planarizing film known ones can be used as appropriate.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention includes a liquid crystal composition using a specific compound represented by general formulas (III) and (II) as liquid crystal molecules, an alignment control layer formed from two or more polymerizable compounds, and By using in combination, unlike a conventional liquid crystal display element, an alignment film may not be provided between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer and between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer. When no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface. Further, image sticking and generation of dripping marks during production are suppressed without deteriorating various properties such as dielectric anisotropy, viscosity, nematic phase upper limit temperature, rotational viscosity ( ⁇ 1 ) and the like.
- ⁇ Method for manufacturing liquid crystal display element The liquid crystal display element 10 shown in FIG. 1 can be manufactured by the following method, for example.
- the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition is The compound contains the compound represented by the general formula (III), the compound represented by the general formula (II), and two or more kinds of the polymerizable compounds as essential components.
- spacer protrusions for securing a cell gap are sprayed on the facing surfaces of either the first substrate 11 or the second substrate 12.
- the seal portion is printed (formed) by a screen printing method using an epoxy adhesive or the like.
- the surface of the first substrate 11 facing the second substrate 12 is the surface having the common electrode 14 and the color filter 18, and the surface of the second substrate 12 facing the first substrate 11 is The surface having the pixel electrode 15.
- the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 are made to face each other, and these are bonded together via the spacer protrusion and the seal portion, and then the liquid crystal-containing polymerization composition is injected into the formed space. To do. Then, the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition is sandwiched between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 by curing the seal portion by heating or the like.
- a voltage is applied between the common electrode 14 and the pixel electrode 15 using voltage applying means.
- the voltage at this time is 5 to 30 V, for example.
- a pretilt angle ⁇ is given.
- the magnitude of the pretilt angle ⁇ can be controlled by appropriately adjusting the magnitude of the voltage.
- an active energy ray such as an ultraviolet ray is applied to the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition from the outside of the first substrate 11, for example, so that the two or more kinds of polymerizable compounds are obtained. Polymerize.
- the active energy ray may be irradiated from the outside of the second substrate 12 or may be irradiated from both the outside of the first substrate 11 and the outside of the second substrate 12.
- the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition By irradiation with active energy rays, two or more kinds of the polymerizable compounds in the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition react with each other, and the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition becomes a liquid crystal composition having a desired composition to form a liquid crystal layer. 13 and at the same time, an alignment control layer is formed between the first substrate 11 and the liquid crystal layer 13 and between the second substrate 12 and the liquid crystal layer 13.
- the formed alignment control layer imparts a pretilt angle ⁇ to the liquid crystal molecules 19 located in the vicinity of the first substrate 11 and in the vicinity of the second substrate 12 in the liquid crystal layer 13 in a non-driven state.
- the irradiation intensity of the active energy ray may or may not be constant, and when changing the irradiation intensity, the irradiation time at each irradiation intensity can be arbitrarily set, but two or more stages
- the irradiation intensity of the irradiation process after the second stage is preferably weaker than the irradiation intensity of the irradiation process of the first stage, and the total irradiation time of the irradiation process after the second stage is It is preferable that the irradiation time is longer than the first stage irradiation time and the total irradiation energy amount is large.
- the average irradiation light intensity in the first half of the entire irradiation process time is preferably stronger than the average irradiation intensity in the second half, and the intensity immediately after the start of irradiation is the strongest. More preferably, the irradiation intensity always decreases to a certain value as the irradiation time elapses.
- the irradiation intensity of the active energy ray in this case is preferably 2 to 100 mW / cm 2 , but it is the highest in all irradiation processes in the first stage in the case of multistage irradiation or when the irradiation intensity is changed discontinuously.
- the irradiation intensity is 10 to 100 mW / cm 2
- the minimum irradiation intensity is 2 to 50 mW / cm 2 after the second stage in the case of multistage irradiation or when the irradiation intensity is changed discontinuously. It is more preferable.
- the total irradiation energy amount is preferably 10 to 300 J, more preferably 50 to 250 J, and further preferably 100 to 250 J.
- the applied voltage may be alternating current or direct current.
- the irradiated active energy rays preferably have a plurality of spectra, and ultraviolet rays having a plurality of spectra are preferable.
- active energy rays having a plurality of spectra two or more kinds of the polymerizable compounds can be polymerized by active energy rays having a spectrum (wavelength) suitable for each type, and in this case, the orientation control layer Is formed more efficiently.
- the alignment control layer is composed of a polymer of the polymerizable compound.
- the first substrate 11 and the liquid crystal layer 13 are not clearly separated and formed between them.
- the first substrate 11 may be formed so as to enter the liquid crystal layer 13 from a surface adjacent to the liquid crystal layer 13 (a surface facing the liquid crystal layer 13).
- the alignment control layer is not necessarily formed between the second substrate 12 and the liquid crystal layer 13 by clearly dividing the second substrate 12. Near the liquid crystal layer 13 of the second substrate 12 (surface facing the liquid crystal layer 13) may be formed so as to enter the liquid crystal layer 13.
- the two or more kinds of polymerizable compounds are preferentially polymerized with each other having similar structures to align liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity region of the substrate, and the direction of the pretilt. Is defined in a predetermined direction to control the orientation.
- wt% means mass%
- T NI , ⁇ n, ⁇ , and ⁇ 1 are defined as follows.
- T NI nematic phase - isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (°C)
- ⁇ n refractive index anisotropy at 20 ° C.
- ⁇ dielectric anisotropy at 20 ° C.
- ⁇ 1 rotational viscosity at 20 ° C. (mPa ⁇ s)
- Residual monomer is determined by chromatographic determination of the amount of monomer in the device produced by irradiating UV light with a high-pressure mercury lamp for 1000 seconds, and the ratio (ppm) to the amount of monomer contained in the liquid crystal composition before irradiation with UV light.
- Example 1 A first substrate (a common electrode substrate) having a transparent electrode layer and a color filter layer made of a transparent common electrode, and a second substrate (a pixel electrode substrate) having a transparent pixel electrode driven by an active element were produced.
- a pixel electrode a pixel electrode divided into four regions having different pretilt directions by using a slit was used.
- a liquid crystal composition LC-1 containing compounds corresponding to the compounds represented by the general formulas (III) and (II) and containing them in the following ratios was prepared.
- the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition CLC-1 is injected, and the seal portion is cured to be polymerizable.
- the compound-containing liquid crystal composition CLC-1 was sandwiched. At this time, using a spacer having a thickness of 3.9 ⁇ m, the thickness of the layer made of the liquid crystal composition was set to 3.9 ⁇ m.
- the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition was irradiated with ultraviolet rays to polymerize the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound.
- ultraviolet rays to polymerize the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound.
- “USH-250BY” manufactured by USHIO INC. was used as the ultraviolet irradiation device, and ultraviolet irradiation was performed at 100 mW for 1000 seconds.
- Table 1 shows the physical property values and evaluation results of this liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 1, the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm, and the polymerization was completed 1000 seconds after UV irradiation, so that it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
- a first substrate (a common electrode substrate) having a transparent electrode layer and a color filter layer made of a transparent common electrode, and a second substrate (a pixel electrode substrate) having a transparent pixel electrode driven by an active element were produced.
- a pixel electrode a pixel electrode divided into four regions having different pretilt directions by using a slit was used.
- a liquid crystal composition LC-2 containing no compound represented by the general formula (III) was prepared.
- liquid crystal composition LC-2 (98.0% by mass), the first polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (X1a) as in Example 1,
- the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition CLC-2 is injected, the seal portion is cured, and polymerizable The compound-containing liquid crystal composition CLC-2 was sandwiched.
- the thickness of the layer made of the liquid crystal composition was set to 3.9 ⁇ m.
- the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition was irradiated with ultraviolet rays to polymerize the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound.
- ultraviolet rays to polymerize the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound.
- “USH-250BY” manufactured by USHIO INC. was used as the ultraviolet irradiation device, and ultraviolet irradiation was performed at 100 mW for 1000 seconds.
- Table 2 shows the physical property values and evaluation results of this liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 2, the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 1140 ppm, the polymerizable compound remained even after 1000 seconds of UV irradiation, and it was confirmed that the progress of polymerization was slower than in Example 1. .
- Example 2 Formula 1 which is the first polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (X1a) with respect to the liquid crystal composition LC-1 (98.0% by mass) prepared in Example 1
- a product CLC-1a was prepared, and a liquid crystal display device was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Table 3 shows the physical property values and evaluation results of this liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 3, the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm, and the polymerization was completed 1000 seconds after UV irradiation, so that it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
- Example 3 Formula 1 which is the first polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (X1a) with respect to the liquid crystal composition LC-1 (98.5% by mass) prepared in Example 1
- Table 4 shows the physical property values and evaluation results of this liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 4, the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm, and the polymerization was completed 1000 seconds after UV irradiation, so that it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
- Example 4 Formula 1 which is the first polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (X1a) with respect to the liquid crystal composition LC-1 (98.3 mass%) prepared in Example 1
- Table 5 shows the physical property values and evaluation results of this liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 5, the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm, and the polymerization was completed 1000 seconds after UV irradiation, so that it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
- Example 5 Formula 1 which is the first polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (X1a) with respect to the liquid crystal composition LC-1 (98.0% by mass) prepared in Example 1
- Table 6 shows the physical property values and evaluation results of this liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 6, since the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm and the polymerization was completed 1000 seconds after UV irradiation, it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
- Example 6 Formula 1 which is the first polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (X1a) with respect to the liquid crystal composition LC-1 (98.1% by mass) prepared in Example 1
- Table 7 shows the physical property values and evaluation results of this liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 7, the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm, and the polymerization was completed 1000 seconds after UV irradiation, so that it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
- Example 7 Formula 1 which is the first polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (X1a) with respect to the liquid crystal composition LC-1 (98.0% by mass) prepared in Example 1
- Table 8 shows the physical property values and evaluation results of this liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 8, the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm, and the polymerization was completed 1000 seconds after UV irradiation, so that it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
- Example 8 Formula 1 which is the first polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (X1a) with respect to the liquid crystal composition LC-1 (98.1% by mass) prepared in Example 1
- Table 9 shows the physical property values and evaluation results of this liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 9, the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm, and the polymerization was completed 1000 seconds after UV irradiation, so that it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
- Example 9 A first substrate (a common electrode substrate) having a transparent electrode layer and a color filter layer made of a transparent common electrode, and a second substrate (a pixel electrode substrate) having a transparent pixel electrode driven by an active element were produced. .
- a pixel electrode As the pixel electrode, a pixel electrode divided into four regions having different pretilt directions by using a slit was used.
- a liquid crystal composition LC-3 containing compounds corresponding to the compounds represented by the general formulas (III) and (II) and containing them in the ratios shown below was prepared.
- the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition CLC-3 is injected, the seal portion is cured, and polymerizable The compound-containing liquid crystal composition CLC-3 was sandwiched.
- the thickness of the layer made of the liquid crystal composition was set to 3.9 ⁇ m.
- the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition was irradiated with ultraviolet rays to polymerize the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound.
- ultraviolet rays to polymerize the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound.
- “USH-250BY” manufactured by USHIO INC. was used as the ultraviolet irradiation device, and ultraviolet irradiation was performed at 100 mW for 1000 seconds.
- Table 10 shows physical property values and evaluation results of the liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 10, since the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm and the polymerization was completed 1000 seconds after UV irradiation, it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
- a first substrate (a common electrode substrate) having a transparent electrode layer and a color filter layer made of a transparent common electrode, and a second substrate (a pixel electrode substrate) having a transparent pixel electrode driven by an active element were produced.
- a pixel electrode a pixel electrode divided into four regions having different pretilt directions by using a slit was used.
- a liquid crystal composition LC-4 containing no compound represented by the general formula (III) was prepared.
- the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition CLC-4 is injected, the seal portion is cured, and polymerizable The compound-containing liquid crystal composition CLC-4 was sandwiched.
- the thickness of the layer made of the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition was set to 3.9 ⁇ m using a spacer having a thickness of 3.9 ⁇ m.
- the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition was irradiated with ultraviolet rays to polymerize the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound.
- ultraviolet rays to polymerize the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound.
- “USH-250BY” manufactured by USHIO INC. was used as the ultraviolet irradiation device, and ultraviolet irradiation was performed at 100 mW for 1000 seconds.
- Table 11 shows the physical property values and evaluation results of this liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 11, the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 1900 ppm, the polymerizable compound remained even after 1000 seconds of UV irradiation, and it was confirmed that the progress of polymerization was slower than that in Example 9. .
- Example 9 a photopolymerization initiator “Igacure 651” (0.1% by mass) and further uniformly dissolved to obtain a polymerizable compound liquid crystal composition.
- CLC-3a was prepared, and a liquid crystal display device was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9.
- Table 12 shows the physical property values and evaluation results of this liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 12, since the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm and the polymerization was completed 1000 seconds after UV irradiation, it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
- Table 13 shows the physical property values and evaluation results of this liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 13, the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm, and the polymerization was completed 1000 seconds after UV irradiation, so that it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
- Example 12 Formula 1 which is the first polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (X1a) with respect to the liquid crystal composition LC-3 (98.3 mass%) prepared in Example 9
- Table 14 shows the physical property values and evaluation results of this liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 14, the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm, and the polymerization was completed 1000 seconds after UV irradiation, so that it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
- Example 9 a photopolymerization initiator “Igacure 651” (0.1% by mass) and further uniformly dissolved to obtain a polymerizable compound liquid crystal composition.
- CLC-3d was prepared, and a liquid crystal display device was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9.
- Table 15 shows physical property values and evaluation results of the liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 15, the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm, and the polymerization was completed 1000 seconds after UV irradiation, so that it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
- Table 16 shows physical property values and evaluation results of the liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 16, since the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm and the polymerization was completed after 1000 seconds of UV irradiation, it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
- Table 17 shows the physical property values and evaluation results of this liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 17, since the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm and the polymerization was completed 1000 seconds after UV irradiation, it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
- Example 16 Formula 1 which is the first polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (X1a) with respect to the liquid crystal composition LC-3 (98.0% by mass) prepared in Example 9
- Table 18 shows the physical property values and evaluation results of this liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 18, since the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm and the polymerization was completed 1000 seconds after UV irradiation, it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
- Example 17 A first substrate (a common electrode substrate) having a transparent electrode layer and a color filter layer made of a transparent common electrode, and a second substrate (a pixel electrode substrate) having a transparent pixel electrode driven by an active element were produced. .
- a pixel electrode As the pixel electrode, a pixel electrode divided into four regions having different pretilt directions by using a slit was used.
- a liquid crystal composition LC-5 containing compounds corresponding to the compounds represented by the general formulas (III) and (II) and containing them in the following ratios was prepared.
- the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition CLC-5 is injected, and the seal portion is cured to be polymerizable.
- the compound-containing liquid crystal composition CLC-5 was sandwiched. At this time, using a spacer having a thickness of 3.9 ⁇ m, the thickness of the layer made of the liquid crystal composition was set to 3.9 ⁇ m.
- the liquid crystal composition was irradiated with ultraviolet rays to polymerize the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound.
- “USH-250BY” manufactured by USHIO INC. was used as the ultraviolet irradiation device, and ultraviolet irradiation was performed at 100 mW for 1000 seconds.
- Table 19 shows physical property values and evaluation results of the liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 19, since the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm and the polymerization was completed 1000 seconds after UV irradiation, it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
- Example 18 A first substrate (a common electrode substrate) having a transparent electrode layer and a color filter layer made of a transparent common electrode, and a second substrate (a pixel electrode substrate) having a transparent pixel electrode driven by an active element were produced. .
- a pixel electrode As the pixel electrode, a pixel electrode divided into four regions having different pretilt directions by using a slit was used.
- a liquid crystal composition LC-6 containing compounds corresponding to the compounds represented by the general formulas (III) and (II) and containing them in the ratios shown below was prepared.
- the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition CLC-6 is injected without using the alignment film, and the seal portion was cured to sandwich the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition CLC-6.
- the thickness of the layer made of the liquid crystal composition was set to 3.9 ⁇ m.
- the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition was irradiated with ultraviolet rays to polymerize the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound.
- ultraviolet rays to polymerize the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound.
- “USH-250BY” manufactured by USHIO INC. was used as the ultraviolet irradiation device, and ultraviolet irradiation was performed at 100 mW for 1000 seconds.
- Table 20 shows the physical property values and evaluation results of this liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 20, since the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm and the polymerization was completed 1000 seconds after UV irradiation, it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
- a first substrate (a common electrode substrate) having a transparent electrode layer and a color filter layer made of a transparent common electrode, and a second substrate (a pixel electrode substrate) having a transparent pixel electrode driven by an active element were produced.
- a pixel electrode a pixel electrode divided into four regions having different pretilt directions by using a slit was used.
- a liquid crystal composition LC-7 containing compounds corresponding to the compounds represented by the general formulas (III) and (II) and containing them in the ratios shown below was prepared.
- the first polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (X1a) is represented by the formula
- the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition CLC-7 is injected without using the alignment film, and the seal portion was cured to sandwich the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition CLC-7.
- the thickness of the layer made of the liquid crystal composition was set to 3.9 ⁇ m.
- the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition was irradiated with ultraviolet rays to polymerize the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound.
- ultraviolet rays to polymerize the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound.
- “USH-250BY” manufactured by USHIO INC. was used as the ultraviolet irradiation device, and ultraviolet irradiation was performed at 100 mW for 1000 seconds.
- Table 21 shows physical property values and evaluation results of the liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 21, since the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm and the polymerization was completed 1000 seconds after UV irradiation, it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
- Example 20 A first substrate (a common electrode substrate) having a transparent electrode layer and a color filter layer made of a transparent common electrode, and a second substrate (a pixel electrode substrate) having a transparent pixel electrode driven by an active element were produced. .
- a pixel electrode As the pixel electrode, a pixel electrode divided into four regions having different pretilt directions by using a slit was used.
- a liquid crystal composition LC-8 containing compounds corresponding to the compounds represented by the general formulas (III) and (II) and containing them in the ratios shown below was prepared.
- the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition CLC-8 is injected without using the alignment film, and the seal portion was cured to sandwich the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition CLC-8.
- the thickness of the layer made of the liquid crystal composition was set to 3.9 ⁇ m.
- the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition was irradiated with ultraviolet rays to polymerize the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound.
- ultraviolet rays to polymerize the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound.
- “USH-250BY” manufactured by USHIO INC. was used as the ultraviolet irradiation device, and ultraviolet irradiation was performed at 100 mW for 1000 seconds.
- Table 22 shows physical property values and evaluation results of the liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 22, the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm, and the polymerization was completed 1000 seconds after UV irradiation, so that it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
- Example 21 Formula 1 which is the first polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (X2a) with respect to the liquid crystal composition LC-1 (98.1% by mass) prepared in Example 1
- a polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition CLC-1h was prepared by adding a compound represented by the formula (1.5% by mass) and dissolving the compound uniformly.
- the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition CLC-1h is injected without using the alignment film.
- the thickness of the layer made of the liquid crystal composition was set to 3.9 ⁇ m.
- the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition was irradiated with ultraviolet rays to polymerize the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound.
- ultraviolet rays to polymerize the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound.
- “USH-250BY” manufactured by USHIO INC. was used as the ultraviolet irradiation device, and ultraviolet irradiation was performed at 100 mW for 1000 seconds.
- Table 23 shows physical property values and evaluation results of the liquid crystal display element. As shown in Table 23, the residual monomer of this liquid crystal display element was 0 ppm, and the polymerization was completed 1000 seconds after UV irradiation, so that it was confirmed that the polymerization was sufficiently fast.
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Abstract
Description
前記液晶組成物が、一般式(III)
前記第一の基板と前記第二の基板の、一方又は両方の基板上に配向膜を設けず、一般式(III)
前記画素電極と前記共通電極との間に、前記重合性化合物含有液晶組成物中の液晶分子にプレチルト角を付与するための電圧を印可加した状態で活性エネルギー線を照射することにより、前記2種以上の重合性化合物を重合させると共に、前記重合性化合物含有液晶組成物を前記液晶組成物として、前記第一の基板及び第二の基板と前記液晶層との間に、配向制御層を形成することを特徴とする液晶表示素子の製造方法を提供する。
<液晶表示素子>
本願発明の液晶表示素子は、一対の基板の間に、液晶組成物を含有する液晶層が挟持された液晶表示素子であって、液晶層に電圧を印加し、液晶層中の液晶分子をフレデリクス転移させることにより、光学的なスイッチとして働かせる原理に基づくものであり、この点では周知慣用技術を用いることができる。
C4及びC5はそれぞれ独立して1,4-フェニレン基、1,4-シクロへキシレン基、ピリジン-2,5-ジイル基、ピリミジン-2,5-ジイル基、ピリダジン-3,6-ジイル基、1,3-ジオキサン-2,5-ジイル基、シクロヘキセン-1,4-ジイル基、デカヒドロナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基、1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基、フェナントレン-2,7-ジイル基、アントラセン-2,6-ジイル基、2,6-ナフチレン基又はインダン-2,5-ジイル基(これらの基のうち、1,4-フェニレン基、1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基、2,6-ナフチレン基及びインダン-2,5-ジイル基は、1個又は2個以上の水素原子がそれぞれ独立してフッ素原子、塩素原子、メチル基、トリフルオロメチル基若しくはトリフルオロメトキシ基で置換されていてもよい。)を表し、
Z3及びZ5はそれぞれ独立して単結合又は炭素原子数1~15のアルキレン基(該アルキレン基中の1個又は2個以上のメチレン基は、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しないものとして、それぞれ独立して酸素原子、-CO-、-COO-又は-OCO-で置換されていてもよく、該アルキレン基中の1個又は2個以上の水素原子は、それぞれ独立してフッ素原子、メチル基又はエチル基で置換されていてもよい。)を表し、
Z4は、単結合、-CH2CH2-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-、-CH2CH2O-、-OCH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2O-、-OCH2CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2OCO-、-COOCH2CH2-、-CH2CH2COO-、-OCOCH2CH2-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-CH=CHCOO-、-OCOCH=CH-、-COO-又は-OCO-を表し、
n2は、0、1又は2を表すが、n2が2の場合、複数個あるC4及びZ4は同一であっても異なっていてもよい。)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
A2は単結合又は炭素原子数1~15のアルキレン基(該アルキレン基中の1個又は2個以上のメチレン基は、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しないものとして、それぞれ独立して酸素原子、-CO-、-COO-又は-OCO-で置換されていてもよく、該アルキレン基中の1個又は2個以上の水素原子はそれぞれ独立してフッ素原子、メチル基又はエチル基で置換されていてもよい。)を表し、
A3及びA6はそれぞれ独立して水素原子、ハロゲン原子又は炭素原子数1~18のアルキル基(該アルキル基中の1個又は2個以上のメチレン基は、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しないものとして、それぞれ独立して酸素原子、-CO-、-COO-又は-OCO-で置換されていてもよく、該アルキル基中の1個又は2個以上の水素原子は、それぞれ独立してハロゲン原子又は炭素原子数1~17のアルキル基で置換されていてもよい。)を表し、
A4及びA7はそれぞれ独立して水素原子、ハロゲン原子又は炭素原子数1~10のアルキル基(該アルキル基中の1個又は2個以上のメチレン基は、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しないものとして、それぞれ独立して酸素原子、-CO-、-COO-又は-OCO-で置換されていてもよく、該アルキル基中の1個又は2個以上の水素原子は、それぞれ独立してハロゲン原子又は炭素原子数1~9のアルキル基で置換されていてもよい。)を表し、
kは1~40を表し、
B1、B2及びB3は、それぞれ独立して水素原子、炭素原子数1~10の直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキル基(該アルキル基中の1個又は2個以上のメチレン基は、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しないものとして、それぞれ独立して酸素原子、-CO-、-COO-又は-OCO-で置換されていてもよく、該アルキル基中の1個又は2個以上の水素原子は、それぞれ独立してハロゲン原子又は炭素原子数3~6のトリアルコキシシリル基で置換されていてもよい。)、又は下記一般式(I-b)
A8は単結合又は炭素原子数1~15のアルキレン基(該アルキレン基中の1個又は2個以上のメチレン基は、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しないものとして、それぞれ独立して酸素原子、-CO-、-COO-又は-OCO-で置換されていてもよく、該アルキレン基中の1個又は2個以上の水素原子は、それぞれ独立してフッ素原子、メチル基又はエチル基で置換されていてもよい。)で表される基を表す。ただし、存在するB1、B2及びB3のうち、前記一般式(I-b)で表される基となるものの個数は0又は1個である。)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
A12及びA18は、それぞれ独立して単結合又は炭素原子数1~15のアルキレン基(該アルキレン基中の1個又は2個以上のメチレン基は、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しないものとして、それぞれ独立して酸素原子、-CO-、-COO-又は-OCO-で置換されていてもよく、該アルキレン基中の1個又は2個以上の水素原子は、それぞれ独立してフッ素原子、メチル基又はエチル基で置換されていてもよい。)を表し、
A13及びA16は、それぞれ独立して炭素原子数1~18の直鎖状のアルキル基(該直鎖状のアルキル基中の1個又は2個以上のメチレン基は、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しないものとして、それぞれ独立して酸素原子、-CO-、-COO-又は-OCO-で置換されていてもよい。)を表し、
A14及びA17は、それぞれ独立して水素原子又は炭素原子数1~10のアルキル基(該アルキル基中の1個又は2個以上のメチレン基は、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しないものとして、それぞれ独立して酸素原子、-CO-、-COO-又は-OCO-で置換されていてもよく、該アルキル基中の1個又は2個以上の水素原子は、それぞれ独立してハロゲン原子又は炭素原子数1~9のアルキル基で置換されていてもよい。)を表し、
A15は炭素原子数9~16のアルキレン基(該アルキレン基中の少なくとも1~5個のメチレン基において、該メチレン基中の1個の水素原子は、それぞれ独立して炭素原子数1~10の直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルキル基で置換されていてもよく、該アルキレン基中の1個又は2個以上のメチレン基は、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しないものとして、それぞれ独立して酸素原子、-CO-、-COO-又は-OCO-で置換されていてもよい。)を表す。)で表される化合物、
一般式(X2a-2)
一般式(X2a-3)
及び一般式(X2a-4)
A12’及びA18’はそれぞれメチレン基を表し、
A13’及びA16’はそれぞれ独立して炭素原子数2から18の直鎖アルキル基(該直鎖アルキル基中に存在する1個又は2個以上のメチレン基は、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しないものとして、それぞれ独立して酸素原子、-CO-、-COO-又は-OCO-で置換されていてもよい。)を表し、
A14’及びA17’はそれぞれ独立して炭素原子数1から10のアルキル基を表し、
A15は炭素原子数9から16のアルキレン基(該アルキレン基中の少なくとも1~5個のメチレン基において、該メチレン基中の1個の水素原子はそれぞれ独立して炭素原子数1から10の直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基で置換されていてもよく、該アルキレン基中の1個又は2個以上のメチレン基は、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しないものとして、それぞれ独立して酸素原子、-CO-、-COO-又は-OCO-で置換されていてもよい。)を表す。)で表される化合物が好ましい。
6員環T1、T2及びT3はそれぞれ独立して
n4は0又は1を表し、
Y1及びY2はそれぞれ独立して単結合、-CH2CH2-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-C≡C-、-CH=CH-、-CF=CF-、-(CH2)4-、-CH2CH2CH2O-、-OCH2CH2CH2-、-CH2=CHCH2CH2-又は-CH2CH2CH=CH-を表し、
Y3は単結合、-O-、-COO-又は-OCO-を表し、
R8は炭素原子数1~18の炭化水素基を表す。)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
R1及びR2はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子又は式(R-1)から式(R-15)
L1はおよびL2はそれぞれ独立して、単結合、-O-、-S-、-CH2-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-CO-、-C2H4-、-COO-、-OCO-、-OCOOCH2-、-CH2OCOO-、-OCH2CH2O-、-CO-NRa-、-NRa-CO-、-SCH2-、-CH2S-、-CH=CRa-COO-、-CH=CRa-OCO-、-COO-CRa=CH-、-OCO-CRa=CH-、-COO-CRa=CH-COO-、-COO-CRa=CH-OCO-、-OCO-CRa=CH-COO-、-OCO-CRa=CH-OCO-、-COOC2H4-、-OCOC2H4-、-C2H4OCO-、-(CH2)j-C(=O)-O-、-(CH2)j-O-(C=O)-、-O-(C=O)-(CH2)j-、-(C=O)-O-(CH2)j-、-CH2OCO-、-COOCH2-、-OCOCH2-、-CH=CH-、-CF=CF-、-CF=CH-、-CH=CF-、-CF2-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-CF2CH2-、-CH2CF2-、-CF2CF2-又は-C≡C-(式中、Raはそれぞれ独立して水素原子又は炭素原子数1~4のアルキル基を表し、jは1~4の整数を表す。)を表し、
M1およびM3はお互い独立して、芳香環、脂肪族環を表わし、
M2は、1,4-フェニレン基、1,4-シクロヘキシレン基、ピリジン-2,5-ジイル基、ピリミジン-2,5-ジイル基、ナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基、ナフタレン-1,4-ジイル基、テトラヒドロナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基又は1,3-ジオキサン-2,5-ジイル基を表し、
M1、M2及びM3はそれぞれ独立して、無置換であっても、炭素原子数1~8のアルキル基、炭素原子数1~8のハロゲン化アルキル基、炭素原子数1~8のアルコキシ基、ハロゲン、シアノ基、又はニトロ基で置換されていても良く、
lおよびnはそれぞれ独立して、0、1、2又は3の整数を表し、かつ、l+nが3以上の整数を表すが、lが0を表す場合、Zは式(R-1)~式(R-15)のいずれか一つの基を表し、nが0を表す場合、R1は式(R-1)~式(R-15)のいずれか一つの基を表し、
mは、0から4の整数を表し、R1、R2、Z、S1及びS2が複数存在する場合は、同一であっても異なっていても良く、L1及びM2が複数存在する場合は、同一であっても異なっていても良いが、L1の少なくとも一つは単結合を表す。)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
R71は縮合環を有する炭化水素基を表す。)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
一般式(I)中、R1α及びR2αにおける炭素原子数1~8のアルコキシ基としては、メトキシ基、エトキシ基等、R1α及びR2αにおける炭素原子数1~8の前記アルキル基が酸素原子に結合してなる一価の基が挙げられる。
前記液晶組成物中の一般式(I)で表される化合物の含有量の合計は、30~60質量%であることが好ましく、35~55質量%であることがより好ましい。
本願発明に使用される液晶組成物は、20℃における回転粘度(γ1)と弾性定数(K33)の比(γ1/K33)が3.5から9.0mPa・s・pN-1であるが、3.5から8.0mPa・s・pN-1であることがより好ましく、3.5から7.0mPa・s・pN-1であることが特に好ましい。
本願発明の液晶組成物は、更に、一般式(Q)で表される化合物を含有しても良い。
<液晶表示素子の製造方法>
図1に示す液晶表示素子10は、例えば、以下の方法で製造できる。
前記一般式(III)で表される化合物、前記一般式(II)で表される化合物、及び2種以上の前記重合性化合物を必須成分として含有するものである。
Δn:20℃における屈折率異方性
Δε:20℃における誘電率異方性
γ1:20℃における回転粘度(mPa・s)
以下の実施例及び比較例で製造した液晶表示素子について、下記の方法により、残存モノマーを評価した。
(残存モノマーの評価)
残留モノマーは、高圧水銀ランプでUV光を1000秒間照射して作製した素子中のモノマー量をクロマトグラフにより定量し、UV光を照射する前の液晶組成物に含まれるモノマー量に対する割合(ppm)として算出した。
なお、高圧水銀ランプはウシオ電機製USH-500BY1を用いた。
(実施例1)
透明な共通電極からなる透明電極層及びカラーフィルタ層を有する第一の基板(共通電極基板)と、アクティブ素子により駆動される透明画素電極を有する第二の基板(画素電極基板)を作製した。画素電極としては、スリットを有することで、プレチルトの方向が異なる4つの領域に画素分割されたものを用いた。
透明な共通電極からなる透明電極層及びカラーフィルタ層を有する第一の基板(共通電極基板)と、アクティブ素子により駆動される透明画素電極を有する第二の基板(画素電極基板)とを作製した。画素電極としては、スリットを有することで、プレチルトの方向が異なる4つの領域に画素分割されたものを用いた。
実施例1で調製した液晶組成物LC-1(98.0質量%)に対して、一般式(X1a)で表される第一の重合性化合物である、式
実施例1で調製した液晶組成物LC-1(98.5質量%)に対して、一般式(X1a)で表される第一の重合性化合物である、式
実施例1で調製した液晶組成物LC-1(98.3質量%)に対して、一般式(X1a)で表される第一の重合性化合物である、式
実施例1で調製した液晶組成物LC-1(98.0質量%)に対して、一般式(X1a)で表される第一の重合性化合物である、式
実施例1で調製した液晶組成物LC-1(98.1質量%)に対して、一般式(X1a)で表される第一の重合性化合物である、式
実施例1で調製した液晶組成物LC-1(98.0質量%)に対して、一般式(X1a)で表される第一の重合性化合物である、式
実施例1で調製した液晶組成物LC-1(98.1質量%)に対して、一般式(X1a)で表される第一の重合性化合物である、式
透明な共通電極からなる透明電極層及びカラーフィルタ層を有する第一の基板(共通電極基板)と、アクティブ素子により駆動される透明画素電極を有する第二の基板(画素電極基板)とを作製した。画素電極としては、スリットを有することで、プレチルトの方向が異なる4つの領域に画素分割されたものを用いた。
透明な共通電極からなる透明電極層及びカラーフィルタ層を有する第一の基板(共通電極基板)と、アクティブ素子により駆動される透明画素電極を有する第二の基板(画素電極基板)とを作製した。画素電極としては、スリットを有することで、プレチルトの方向が異なる4つの領域に画素分割されたものを用いた。
実施例9で調製した液晶組成物LC-3(98.5質量%)に対して、一般式(X1a)で表される第一の重合性化合物である、式
実施例9で調製した液晶組成物LC-3(98.5質量%)に対して、一般式(X1a)で表される第一の重合性化合物である、式
実施例9で調製した液晶組成物LC-3(98.3質量%)に対して、一般式(X1a)で表される第一の重合性化合物である、式
実施例9で調製した液晶組成物LC-3(98.1質量%)に対して、一般式(X1a)で表される第一の重合性化合物である、式
実施例9で調製した液晶組成物LC-3(98.1質量%)に対して、一般式(X1a)で表される第一の重合性化合物である、式
実施例9で調製した液晶組成物LC-3(98.0質量%)に対して、一般式(X1a)で表される第一の重合性化合物である、式
実施例9で調製した液晶組成物LC-3(98.0質量%)に対して、一般式(X1a)で表される第一の重合性化合物である、式
透明な共通電極からなる透明電極層及びカラーフィルタ層を有する第一の基板(共通電極基板)と、アクティブ素子により駆動される透明画素電極を有する第二の基板(画素電極基板)とを作製した。画素電極としては、スリットを有することで、プレチルトの方向が異なる4つの領域に画素分割されたものを用いた。
透明な共通電極からなる透明電極層及びカラーフィルタ層を有する第一の基板(共通電極基板)と、アクティブ素子により駆動される透明画素電極を有する第二の基板(画素電極基板)とを作製した。画素電極としては、スリットを有することで、プレチルトの方向が異なる4つの領域に画素分割されたものを用いた。
透明な共通電極からなる透明電極層及びカラーフィルタ層を有する第一の基板(共通電極基板)と、アクティブ素子により駆動される透明画素電極を有する第二の基板(画素電極基板)とを作製した。画素電極としては、スリットを有することで、プレチルトの方向が異なる4つの領域に画素分割されたものを用いた。
透明な共通電極からなる透明電極層及びカラーフィルタ層を有する第一の基板(共通電極基板)と、アクティブ素子により駆動される透明画素電極を有する第二の基板(画素電極基板)とを作製した。画素電極としては、スリットを有することで、プレチルトの方向が異なる4つの領域に画素分割されたものを用いた。
実施例1で調製した液晶組成物LC-1(98.1質量%)に対して、一般式(X2a)で表される第一の重合性化合物である、式
Claims (9)
- 共通電極を有する第一の基板と、複数の画素を有しかつ各前記画素毎に画素電極を有する第二の基板との間に、液晶組成物を含有する液晶層が挟持された液晶表示素子であって、
前記第一の基板及び第二の基板の、一方又は両方の基板上に配向膜を有さず、2種以上の重合性化合物の重合物からなる配向制御層を有し、
前記液晶組成物が、一般式(III)
- 前記の2種以上の重合性化合物が、
一般式(X1a)
C4及びC5はそれぞれ独立して1,4-フェニレン基、1,4-シクロへキシレン基、ピリジン-2,5-ジイル基、ピリミジン-2,5-ジイル基、ピリダジン-3,6-ジイル基、1,3-ジオキサン-2,5-ジイル基、シクロヘキセン-1,4-ジイル基、デカヒドロナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基、1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基、フェナントレン-2,7-ジイル基、アントラセン-2,6-ジイル基、2,6-ナフチレン基又はインダン-2,5-ジイル基(これらの基のうち、1,4-フェニレン基、1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基、2,6-ナフチレン基及びインダン-2,5-ジイル基は、1個又は2個以上の水素原子がそれぞれ独立してフッ素原子、塩素原子、メチル基、トリフルオロメチル基若しくはトリフルオロメトキシ基で置換されていてもよい。)を表し、
Z3及びZ5はそれぞれ独立して単結合又は炭素原子数1~15のアルキレン基(該アルキレン基中の1個又は2個以上のメチレン基は、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しないものとして、それぞれ独立して酸素原子、-CO-、-COO-又は-OCO-で置換されていてもよく、該アルキレン基中の1個又は2個以上の水素原子は、それぞれ独立してフッ素原子、メチル基又はエチル基で置換されていてもよい。)を表し、
Z4は、単結合、-CH2CH2-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-、-CH2CH2O-、-OCH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2O-、-OCH2CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2OCO-、-COOCH2CH2-、-CH2CH2COO-、-OCOCH2CH2-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-CH=CHCOO-、-OCOCH=CH-、-COO-又は-OCO-を表し、
n2は、0、1又は2を表すが、n2が2の場合、複数個あるC4及びZ4は同一であっても異なっていてもよい。)で表される化合物が少なくとも1種であり、更に、
一般式(X2a)
A2は単結合又は炭素原子数1~15のアルキレン基(該アルキレン基中の1個又は2個以上のメチレン基は、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しないものとして、それぞれ独立して酸素原子、-CO-、-COO-又は-OCO-で置換されていてもよく、該アルキレン基中の1個又は2個以上の水素原子はそれぞれ独立してフッ素原子、メチル基又はエチル基で置換されていてもよい。)を表し、
A3及びA6はそれぞれ独立して水素原子、ハロゲン原子又は炭素原子数1~18のアルキル基(該アルキル基中の1個又は2個以上のメチレン基は、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しないものとして、それぞれ独立して酸素原子、-CO-、-COO-又は-OCO-で置換されていてもよく、該アルキル基中の1個又は2個以上の水素原子は、それぞれ独立してハロゲン原子又は炭素原子数1~17のアルキル基で置換されていてもよい。)を表し、
A4及びA7はそれぞれ独立して水素原子、ハロゲン原子又は炭素原子数1~10のアルキル基(該アルキル基中の1個又は2個以上のメチレン基は、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しないものとして、それぞれ独立して酸素原子、-CO-、-COO-又は-OCO-で置換されていてもよく、該アルキル基中の1個又は2個以上の水素原子は、それぞれ独立してハロゲン原子又は炭素原子数1~9のアルキル基で置換されていてもよい。)を表し、
kは1~40を表し、
B1、B2及びB3は、それぞれ独立して水素原子、炭素原子数1~10の直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキル基(該アルキル基中の1個若しくは2個以上のメチレン基は、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しないものとして、それぞれ独立して酸素原子、-CO-、-COO-又は-OCO-で置換されていてもよく、該アルキル基中の1個又は2個以上の水素原子は、それぞれ独立してハロゲン原子又は炭素原子数3~6のトリアルコキシシリル基で置換されていてもよい。)、又は一般式(I-b)
A8は単結合又は炭素原子数1~15のアルキレン基(該アルキレン基中の1個又は2個以上のメチレン基は、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しないものとして、それぞれ独立して酸素原子、-CO-、-COO-又は-OCO-で置換されていてもよく、該アルキレン基中の1個又は2個以上の水素原子は、それぞれ独立してフッ素原子、メチル基又はエチル基で置換されていてもよい。)で表される基を表す。ただし、存在するB1、B2及びB3のうち、前記一般式(I-b)で表される基となるものの個数は0又は1個である。)で表される化合物、
一般式(X2b)
6員環T1、T2及びT3はそれぞれ独立して
n4は0又は1を表し、
Y1及びY2はそれぞれ独立して単結合、-CH2CH2-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-C≡C-、-CH=CH-、-CF=CF-、-(CH2)4-、-CH2CH2CH2O-、-OCH2CH2CH2-、-CH2=CHCH2CH2-又は-CH2CH2CH=CH-を表し、
Y3は単結合、-O-、-COO-又は-OCO-を表し、
R8は炭素原子数1~18の炭化水素基を表す。)で表される化合物、
一般式(X2c)
R1及びR2はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子又は式(R-1)から式(R-15)
L1はおよびL2はそれぞれ独立して、単結合、-O-、-S-、-CH2-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-CO-、-C2H4-、-COO-、-OCO-、-OCOOCH2-、-CH2OCOO-、-OCH2CH2O-、-CO-NRa-、-NRa-CO-、-SCH2-、-CH2S-、-CH=CRa-COO-、-CH=CRa-OCO-、-COO-CRa=CH-、-OCO-CRa=CH-、-COO-CRa=CH-COO-、-COO-CRa=CH-OCO-、-OCO-CRa=CH-COO-、-OCO-CRa=CH-OCO-、-COOC2H4-、-OCOC2H4-、-C2H4OCO-、-(CH2)j-C(=O)-O-、-(CH2)j-O-(C=O)-、-O-(C=O)-(CH2)j-、-(C=O)-O-(CH2)j-、-CH2OCO-、-COOCH2-、-OCOCH2-、-CH=CH-、-CF=CF-、-CF=CH-、-CH=CF-、-CF2-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-CF2CH2-、-CH2CF2-、-CF2CF2-又は-C≡C-(式中、Raはそれぞれ独立して水素原子又は炭素原子数1~4のアルキル基を表し、jは1~4の整数を表す。)を表し、
M1およびM3はお互い独立して、芳香環、脂肪族環を表わし、
M2は、1,4-フェニレン基、1,4-シクロヘキシレン基、ピリジン-2,5-ジイル基、ピリミジン-2,5-ジイル基、ナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基、ナフタレン-1,4-ジイル基、テトラヒドロナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基又は1,3-ジオキサン-2,5-ジイル基を表し、
M1、M2及びM3はそれぞれ独立して、無置換であっても、炭素原子数1~8のアルキル基、炭素原子数1~8のハロゲン化アルキル基、炭素原子数1~8のアルコキシ基、ハロゲン、シアノ基、又はニトロ基で置換されていても良く、
lおよびnはそれぞれ独立して、0、1、2又は3の整数を表し、かつ、l+nが3以上の整数を表すが、lが0を表す場合、Zは式(R-1)~式(R-15)のいずれか一つの基を表し、nが0を表す場合、R1は式(R-1)~式(R-15)のいずれか一つの基を表し、
mは、0から4の整数を表し、R1、R2、Z、S1及びS2が複数存在する場合は、同一であっても異なっていても良く、L1及びM2が複数存在する場合は、同一であっても異なっていても良いが、L1の少なくとも一つは単結合を表す。)で表される化合物及び一般式(X2d)
R71は縮合環を有する炭化水素基を表す。)で表される化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1に記載の液晶表示素子。 - 前記画素電極がスリットを有する請求項1又は2に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記第一の基板及び第二の基板の少なくとも一方が、プレチルトの方向を規定する構造物を有する請求項1又は2に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記第一の基板と前記液晶層との間、及び前記第二の基板と前記液晶層との間、の少なくとも一方に、パッシベーション膜を有する請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記第一の基板と前記液晶層との間、及び前記第二の基板と前記液晶層との間、の少なくとも一方に、平坦化膜を有する請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 共通電極及びカラーフィルタ層を有する第一の基板と、複数の画素を有し、かつ各前記画素毎に画素電極を有する第二の基板との間に、液晶組成物を含有する液晶層が挟持され、前記画素中にプレチルトの方向が異なる2以上の領域を有する液晶表示素子の製造方法であって、
前記第一の基板と前記第二の基板の、一方又は両方の基板上に配向膜を設けず、一般式(III)
前記画素電極と前記共通電極との間に、前記重合性化合物含有液晶組成物中の液晶分子にプレチルト角を付与するための電圧を印可加した状態で活性エネルギー線を照射することにより、前記2種以上の重合性化合物を重合させると共に、前記重合性化合物含有液晶組成物を前記液晶組成物として、前記第一の基板及び第二の基板と前記液晶層との間に、配向制御層を形成することを特徴とする液晶表示素子の製造方法。 - 前記活性エネルギー線が複数のスペクトルを有する紫外線である請求項7に記載の液晶表示素子の製造方法。
- 前記画素電極がスリットを有するか、又は前記第一の基板及び第二の基板の少なくとも一方が、プレチルトの方向を規定する構造物を有する請求項7又は8に記載の液晶表示素子の製造方法。
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