WO2017179358A1 - エポキシ樹脂硬化剤、エポキシ樹脂組成物、炭素繊維強化複合材 - Google Patents
エポキシ樹脂硬化剤、エポキシ樹脂組成物、炭素繊維強化複合材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017179358A1 WO2017179358A1 PCT/JP2017/010410 JP2017010410W WO2017179358A1 WO 2017179358 A1 WO2017179358 A1 WO 2017179358A1 JP 2017010410 W JP2017010410 W JP 2017010410W WO 2017179358 A1 WO2017179358 A1 WO 2017179358A1
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/56—Amines together with other curing agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
- B29C39/14—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of indefinite length
- B29C39/18—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of indefinite length incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. casting around inserts or for coating articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
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- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
- C08G59/22—Di-epoxy compounds
- C08G59/24—Di-epoxy compounds carbocyclic
- C08G59/245—Di-epoxy compounds carbocyclic aromatic
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- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/5026—Amines cycloaliphatic
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- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/5033—Amines aromatic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/5046—Amines heterocyclic
- C08G59/5053—Amines heterocyclic containing only nitrogen as a heteroatom
- C08G59/5073—Amines heterocyclic containing only nitrogen as a heteroatom having two nitrogen atoms in the ring
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- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/62—Alcohols or phenols
- C08G59/621—Phenols
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- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/62—Alcohols or phenols
- C08G59/625—Hydroxyacids
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- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/005—Reinforced macromolecular compounds with nanosized materials, e.g. nanoparticles, nanofibres, nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods or nanolayered materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
- C08J5/042—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with carbon fibres
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- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/241—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres
- C08J5/243—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres using carbon fibres
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- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/249—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs characterised by the additives used in the prepolymer mixture
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/06—Elements
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2063/00—Use of EP, i.e. epoxy resins or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
- B29K2307/04—Carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
- C08J2363/02—Polyglycidyl ethers of bis-phenols
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an epoxy resin curing agent, an epoxy resin composition containing the epoxy resin curing agent and an epoxy resin, a cured product of the epoxy resin composition, and a carbon fiber reinforced composite material including carbon fibers.
- CFRP Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics
- CFRP molding methods are different for automobile structural material applications, wind power generation blade applications, pressure vessel applications, and aerospace applications, the required characteristics for the matrix resin for CFRP also differ depending on the applications.
- wind power blades have been molded by infusion molding, Va-RTM method (Vacuum Assist Resin Transfer Molding) or Light-RTM method.
- reinforcing fibers are arranged in advance in a mold composed of an upper mold using a film or FRP and a lower mold, and the mold is evacuated to obtain an epoxy resin composition serving as a matrix resin. It is filled with normal pressure and impregnated into reinforcing fibers, and then the epoxy resin is cured and molded.
- an epoxy resin composition in which an epoxy resin and an epoxy resin curing agent are mixed is usually filled into a mold. Takes tens of minutes. Therefore, the epoxy resin composition used in these molding methods is required to have a low viscosity and a long pot life.
- an epoxy resin curing agent isophorone diamine, a polyamine compound having a polyether skeleton, and the like are used.
- the filament winding method is a method in which the outer surface of a liner is coated with a reinforcing fiber yarn obtained by impregnating a reinforcing fiber yarn with a matrix resin such as an epoxy resin composition, and then the matrix resin is cured.
- a matrix resin such as an epoxy resin composition
- CFRP for automotive structural materials is molded by the high cycle RTM method.
- the conventional RTM method is one of sealed molds using a pair of upper and lower molds. A fiber reinforced preform is placed in the mold, the mold is clamped and sealed, and then epoxy resin is injected from the injection hole. In this method, a resin such as a composition is poured into a mold and impregnated into a fiber reinforced preform, and then the resin is cured and then released.
- the conventional RTM method requires several hours for molding time (preform placement, resin impregnation, resin curing, and mold release). Therefore, in the production of CFRP for automotive structural materials, higher productivity and higher cycle The RTM method is used.
- the molding technology using the high-cycle RTM method has greatly reduced all of the fiber-reinforced preform placement time, resin impregnation time, resin curing time, and mold release time, and has shortened the total molding time to about 10 minutes. Is.
- the high cycle RTM method in the process from resin impregnation to curing, for example, in the high pressure RTM method, which is a kind of high cycle RTM method, the reinforcing fibers are arranged in a pair of upper and lower molds and sealed, Apply vacuum.
- the epoxy resin that is the main component of the epoxy resin composition and the epoxy resin curing agent are pumped in a mist state from separate tanks to the mixing head, and after impingement mixing, they are immediately injected into the mold and impregnated into carbon fibers. And cure the epoxy resin.
- the epoxy resin composition after the impingement mixing is injected at a high pressure from a plurality of injection holes in order to increase the filling speed into the mold and the impregnation speed into the carbon fiber.
- the pot life of the epoxy resin composition which is a mixture of the epoxy resin and the epoxy resin curing agent, is required so much. And not.
- the impregnation into the reinforcing fiber, the filling rate into the mold is high, and the curing is fast, so that the epoxy resin composition used in the high cycle RTM method has a low It must be viscous and fast-curing.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose an epoxy resin curing agent containing bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane as a polyamine compound.
- the epoxy resin curing agent used for molding by the high cycle RTM method and the like, and the epoxy resin composition containing the curing agent and the epoxy resin are further desired to have a fast curing property and a low viscosity.
- An object of the present invention is an epoxy resin curing agent and an epoxy resin composition, which are fast-curing and low-viscosity, and are suitably used for molding by a high cycle RTM method, etc., and a cured product and carbon of the epoxy resin composition It is providing the carbon fiber reinforced composite material containing a fiber.
- the present invention relates to the following [1] to [13].
- R 1 HN-H 2 C- A-CH 2 -NHR 2 (1) (In Formula (1), R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an aminoalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- A is a cyclohexylene group or a phenylene group.
- R 5 and R 6 are each independently an OH group or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. J and k are each independently an integer of 0 to 5 and j + k is 1)
- the plurality of R 5 and the plurality of R 6 may be the same or different from each other, but at least one of them is an OH group, Z is a single bond and an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the phenol compound (B) is 4,4 ′-(propane-2,2-diyl) diphenol, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, and
- the epoxy resin curing agent according to the above [4] which is at least one selected from the group consisting of styrene
- An epoxy resin composition comprising the epoxy resin curing agent according to any one of [1] to [5] above and an epoxy resin.
- R 21 to R 24 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and p, q, r, and s are each independently an integer of 0 to 4.
- 21 , the plurality of R 22 , the plurality of R 23 , and the plurality of R 24 may be the same or different from each other, and Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently a single bond, —CH 2 —, —CH ( CH 3 ) —, or —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, R 25 is —CH 2 CH (OH) —, or —CH (OH) CH 2 —, m represents the average number of repeating units, It is a number from 0 to 0.2.) [9] The epoxy resin composition according to any one of [6] to [8] above, wherein the viscosity at a temperature of 40 ° C.
- a carbon fiber reinforced composite material comprising a cured product of the epoxy resin composition according to any one of [6] to [10] above and carbon fiber.
- the carbon fiber reinforced composite material according to [11] which is a structural material for automobiles.
- an epoxy resin curing agent and an epoxy resin composition that are fast-curing and low-viscosity capable of producing CFRP such as automobile structural materials and building materials with high productivity by a high cycle RTM method or the like. it can.
- the epoxy resin composition is used as a CFRP matrix resin, it has excellent carbon fiber impregnation properties and is fast-curing, so that it takes only a short time to release from the mold, and CFRP production. Can be improved.
- the epoxy resin curing agent of the present invention is an epoxy resin curing agent containing an amine compound (A) represented by the following general formula (1) and a phenol compound (B), and is based on 100 parts by mass of the component (A).
- the content of the component (B) is 8 to 35 parts by mass.
- R 1 HN-H 2 C- A-CH 2 -NHR 2 (1) (In Formula (1), R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an aminoalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- A is a cyclohexylene group or a phenylene group.)
- the amine compound (A) is a compound represented by the general formula (1).
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an aminoalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently preferably a hydrogen atom or an aminoalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom or an aminoalkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and both R 1 and R 2 are More preferably, it is a hydrogen atom.
- A is a cyclohexylene group or a phenylene group, and a cyclohexylene group is preferable.
- A is 1,2-cyclohexylene group, 1,3-cyclohexylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, 1,2-phenylene group, 1,3-phenylene group, and 1,4-cyclohexyl group.
- a group consisting of 1,2-cyclohexylene group, 1,3-cyclohexylene group, and 1,4-cyclohexylene group One or more selected from the group consisting of 1,3-cyclohexylene group is more preferable.
- the cyclohexylene group in this specification includes both cis and trans forms.
- amine compound (A) examples include, for example, 1,2-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, 1,4-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, o-xylylene diene.
- examples thereof include amines, m-xylylenediamine (MXDA), p-xylylenediamine (PXDA), and compounds represented by the following general formulas (1-1) to (1-4).
- R 3 and R 4 are each independently an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 3 and R 4 are preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and still more preferably an alkylene group having 3 carbon atoms.
- the amine compound (A) includes 1,2-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, 1,4-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, o-xylylenediamine M-xylylenediamine (MXDA), p-xylylenediamine (PXDA), a compound represented by the general formula (1-1), and a compound represented by the general formula (1-2) 1,2-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, 1,4-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, o-xylylenediamine, m-xylylenediamine
- One or more selected from the group consisting of amines and p-xylylenediamine is more preferable, from the viewpoint of heat resistance and weather resistance.
- An amine compound (A) can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the epoxy resin curing agent of the present invention contains a predetermined amount of the phenol compound (B). Thereby, the epoxy resin hardening
- the component (A) alone functions as an epoxy resin curing agent the phenol compound (B) acts as a curing accelerator for the component (A).
- An epoxy resin curing agent having properties can be obtained. The reason for this is considered that the epoxy group of the epoxy resin becomes deficient in electrons due to the proton derived from the phenolic hydroxyl group of the component (B), and the electrophilicity of the epoxy group with respect to the amino group is enhanced.
- the phenol compound (B) can be used without particular limitation as long as it is a compound having at least one phenolic hydroxyl group in the molecule.
- a phenol compound having a molecular weight of less than 1,000 is preferable from the viewpoint of exerting an effect even when the amount is small, and from the viewpoint of miscibility with the amine compound (A) and the epoxy resin described later, and is represented by the following general formula (2).
- R 5 and R 6 are each independently an OH group or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. J and k are each independently an integer of 0 to 5 and j + k is 1)
- the plurality of R 5 and the plurality of R 6 may be the same or different from each other, but at least one of them is an OH group, Z is a single bond and an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 5 and R 6 are preferably OH groups, j and k are each independently an integer of 0 to 2, and j + k is preferably 1 to 3.
- examples of the alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a trimethylene group, a tetramethylene group, and a hexamethylene group, and an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is preferable.
- examples of the alkylidene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms include an ethylidene group (—CH (CH 3 ) —), a propylidene group (—C (CH 3 ) 2 —), and an alkylidene group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms is preferable. .
- Examples of the cycloalkylene group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms include a cyclopentanediyl group, a cyclohexanediyl group, and a cyclooctanediyl group.
- Examples of the cycloalkylidene group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms include a cyclohexylidene group and a 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylidene group.
- Examples of the aryl moiety of the aryl alkylene group having 7 to 15 carbon atoms and the arylalkylidene group having 7 to 15 carbon atoms include aryl groups having 6 to 14 ring carbon atoms such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a biphenyl group, and an anthryl group. Is mentioned.
- Z is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and an alkylidene group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, and is a single bond, methylene group, ethylidene group, or propylidene. It is preferably a group, more preferably a methylene group, an ethylidene group, or a propylidene group.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (2) include bisphenol A [4,4 ′-(propane-2,2-diyl) diphenol], bisphenol F [bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane], Bisphenol AP [1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1-phenylethane], bisphenol AF [2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane], bisphenol B [2,2-bis (4 -Hydroxyphenyl) butane], bisphenol BP [bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) diphenylmethane], bisphenol S [bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone], bisphenol E [1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane], Styrenated phenol, hydroxybiphenyl, dihydroxybifu Alkylsulfonyl and the like.
- bisphenol A 4,4 ′-(propane-2,2-diyl) diphenol
- bisphenol F bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane
- bisphenol E are considered from the viewpoint of solubility in a curing agent.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of [1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane] and styrenated phenols is preferred, and bisphenol A [4,4 from the viewpoint of exerting an effect even when the blending amount is small.
- the styrenated phenol is preferably a 1: 1 adduct of styrene and phenol, and is a compound represented by the following formula (2-1).
- the main component of the styrenated phenol is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (2-1), but multiple additions such as a 2: 1 adduct of styrene and phenol, a 3: 1 adduct of styrene and phenol, etc.
- the body may be contained.
- the “main component” means that the content is 50% by mass or more, preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more (upper limit is 100%) when all the constituents are 100% by mass. Mass%).
- Examples of commercially available styrenated phenols include “Kumanox-3110”, “Kumanox-3111”, “Kumanox-3114”, “Kumanox-3120”, “Kumanox-SP” manufactured by Kumho Petrochemical, and the like.
- compounds used as the component (B) include phenol, cresol, hydroquinone, 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol, resorcin, phenol novolac resin, p-isopropylphenol, p -Tert-butylphenol, nonylphenol and the like.
- a phenol compound (B) can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the content of the phenol compound (B) in the epoxy resin curing agent is 8 to 35 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (A).
- the content of the component (B) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (A) is less than 8 parts by mass, fast curability cannot be obtained.
- the amount exceeds 35 parts by mass the epoxy resin curing agent and the epoxy resin composition containing the epoxy resin composition have high viscosity, and particularly when used for CFRP molded by the high cycle RTM method, moldability and productivity. Decreases. Furthermore, the mechanical strength and heat resistance of the obtained CFRP are also reduced.
- the content of the phenol compound (B) in the epoxy resin curing agent is preferably 10 parts by mass or more, more preferably 15 parts by mass or more, preferably 100 parts by mass or more, preferably 30 parts by mass or less, more preferably 25 parts by mass or less.
- the epoxy resin curing agent of the present invention may contain a known curing agent other than the component (A), a known curing accelerator other than the component (B), a known additive, a solvent, and the like.
- the curing agent other than the component (A) include polyamine compounds having two or more amino groups in the molecule other than the component (A) or modified products thereof.
- polyamine compound examples include chain aliphatic polyamine compounds such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, hexamethylenediamine, 2-methylpentamethylenediamine, and trimethylhexamethylenediamine; Sendiamine, isophoronediamine, norbornanediamine, tricyclodecanediamine, adamantanediamine, diaminocyclohexane, 1,4-diamino-2-methylcyclohexane, 1,4-diamino-3,6-diethylcyclohexane, diaminodiethylmethylcyclohexane, 3 , 3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane and the like having an alicyclic structure Aromatic compounds such as phenylenediamine,
- the total content of the amine compound (A) and the phenol compound (B) is preferably 50 masses with respect to the total amount of the epoxy resin curing agent of the present invention. % Or more, more preferably 70% by weight or more, more preferably 80% by weight or more, still more preferably 85% by weight or more, still more preferably 95% by weight or more, particularly preferably 99% by weight or more (the upper limit is 100% by weight). ).
- the viscosity of the epoxy resin curing agent of the present invention at a temperature of 25 ° C. is preferably 150 mPa ⁇ s or less, more preferably 100 mPa ⁇ s or less, and further preferably 60 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the lower limit of the viscosity of the epoxy resin curing agent at a temperature of 25 ° C. is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 mPa ⁇ s or more from the viewpoint of miscibility with the epoxy resin.
- the epoxy resin composition of the present invention contains the epoxy resin curing agent of the present invention and an epoxy resin.
- Any epoxy resin having a glycidyl group that reacts with the active amine hydrogen in the epoxy resin curing agent of the present invention can be used as the epoxy resin, but from the viewpoint of excellent mechanical strength of the cured product.
- the epoxy resin preferably contains an aromatic ring or alicyclic structure in the molecule, more preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A type epoxy resins and bisphenol F type epoxy resins, and bisphenol A type epoxy resins. Is more preferable.
- an epoxy resin represented by the following general formula (3) is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of low viscosity and ensuring the mechanical strength of the cured product.
- R 21 to R 24 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and p, q, r, and s are each independently an integer of 0 to 4.
- 21 , the plurality of R 22 , the plurality of R 23 , and the plurality of R 24 may be the same or different from each other, and Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently a single bond, —CH 2 —, —CH ( CH 3 ) —, or —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, R 25 is —CH 2 CH (OH) —, or —CH (OH) CH 2 —, m represents the average number of repeating units, It is a number from 0 to 0.2.)
- R 21 to R 24 are preferably alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, and a t-butyl group.
- p, q, r, and s are each preferably an integer of 0 to 2, more preferably 0 or 1, and still more preferably 0.
- Y 1 and Y 2 are preferably —CH 2 — or —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, and more preferably —C (CH 3 ) 2 —.
- m is preferably 0 to 0.15, more preferably 0.01 to 0.1, from the viewpoint of low viscosity and ensuring the mechanical strength of the cured product.
- the epoxy equivalent of the epoxy resin is preferably 300 g / equivalent or less, more preferably 220 g / equivalent or less, and still more preferably 200 g / equivalent or less, from the viewpoint of achieving both low viscosity and fast curability of the epoxy resin composition. More preferably, it is 180 g / equivalent or less.
- An epoxy resin may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the epoxy resin composition of the present invention further uses other components such as fillers, modifying components such as plasticizers, flow adjusting components such as thixotropic agents, pigments, leveling agents, tackifiers, and elastomer fine particles. You may make it contain according to.
- the content of the epoxy resin curing agent in the epoxy resin composition of the present invention is the ratio of the number of active amine hydrogens in the epoxy resin curing agent to the number of epoxy groups in the epoxy resin (active amine hydrogen in the epoxy resin curing agent).
- Number / number of epoxy groups in the epoxy resin) is preferably 1 / 0.8 to 1 / 1.2, more preferably 1 / 0.9 to 1 / 1.1, and still more preferably 1/1. is there.
- the viscosity of the epoxy resin composition of the present invention at a temperature of 40 ° C. is preferably 400 mPa ⁇ s or less, more preferably 350 mPa ⁇ s or less, and further preferably 300 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the lower limit of the viscosity of the epoxy resin composition at a temperature of 40 ° C. is not particularly limited, but suppresses the occurrence of turbulence in the carbon fiber due to a turbulent flow in the mold due to an increase in the Reynolds number in CFRP molding. From the viewpoint, it is preferably 150 mPa ⁇ s or more.
- the epoxy resin composition of the present invention has a gelation time at a temperature of 80 ° C., preferably 10 minutes or less, more preferably 8.0 minutes or less, and even more preferably 7.0 minutes or less. More preferably, it is 6.0 minutes or less. From the viewpoint of workability, the gelation time is preferably 0.5 minutes or more, more preferably 1.0 minutes or more. The gelation time can be measured by a method described in Examples using a rheometer.
- the storage elastic modulus G ′ and loss elastic modulus G ′′ of the epoxy resin composition are measured at a temperature of 80 ° C., a frequency of 1 Hz, and a distance between plates of 0.5 mm, and G ′ and G ′.
- the point at which 'intersects is the gel time.
- the production method of the epoxy resin composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be produced by mixing an epoxy resin curing agent, an epoxy resin, and other components as necessary using a known method and apparatus. There is no particular limitation on the mixing order of each component contained in the epoxy resin composition, and after mixing the amine compound (A) and the phenol compound (B) to prepare an epoxy resin curing agent, this is mixed with the epoxy resin. Alternatively, the amine compound (A) and the phenol compound (B) contained in the epoxy resin curing agent and the epoxy resin may be mixed simultaneously.
- the epoxy resin composition of the present invention preferably has a higher heat distortion temperature of the cured product from the viewpoint of improving the productivity of a molded product when used in a carbon fiber reinforced composite material described later.
- the thermal deformation temperature of the cured product of the epoxy resin composition is high, the mold can be released without cooling the mold to a low temperature when used in a carbon fiber reinforced composite material, and therefore the molding cycle can be shortened.
- the epoxy resin composition of the present invention is a cured product of 10 mm ⁇ 80 mm ⁇ thickness 2 mm obtained by curing at 120 ° C. for 120 minutes, using a thermal deformation temperature test apparatus, a distance between fulcrums of 64 mm and a load of 1.8 MPa.
- the heat distortion temperature measured at a temperature rising rate of 120 ° C./hr is preferably 100 ° C. or higher, more preferably 110 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 120 ° C. or higher, and even more preferably 123 ° C. or higher.
- the said heat distortion temperature can be measured by the method as described in an Example.
- the epoxy resin curing agent and the epoxy resin composition containing the epoxy resin curing agent of the present invention are preferably used for fiber-reinforced composite materials because they have the characteristics of being fast-curing and having a low viscosity. It is preferable for a composite material.
- a fiber reinforced composite material includes a cured product of the epoxy resin composition and reinforcing fibers, and after impregnating the epoxy resin composition with reinforcing fibers, the composition is cured. Obtainable.
- the FRP may further contain a foam material in addition to the cured product of the epoxy resin composition and the reinforcing fiber. Examples of the reinforcing fiber include glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, and metal fiber.
- Reinforcing fibers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- carbon fiber is preferable from the viewpoint of the strength and light weight of the composite material to be obtained.
- a foam material the foam material comprised from resin materials, such as a polyvinyl chloride resin, a polyurethane resin, a polystyrene resin, polyolefin resin, an acrylic resin, a phenol resin, a polymethacrylimide resin, an epoxy resin, is mentioned It is done.
- the carbon fiber reinforced composite material including the cured product of the epoxy resin composition and carbon fibers will be described.
- the carbon fiber reinforced composite material (CFRP) of the present invention includes a cured product of the epoxy resin composition and carbon fibers. After impregnating the epoxy resin composition into carbon fibers, the composition is It can be obtained by curing. In addition to the cured product of the epoxy resin composition and the carbon fiber, the CFRP may further contain a reinforcing fiber other than the carbon fiber and the foamed material.
- the carbon fiber used in the CFRP of the present invention may be manufactured using rayon, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) or the like as a raw material, or manufactured by spinning a pitch such as petroleum or coal as a raw material. Also good.
- a recycled product obtained by reusing carbon fiber scraps, or a recycled product obtained by removing resin from CFRP can be used.
- Examples of the form of the carbon fiber include various forms such as monofilaments or multifilaments arranged so as to cross one direction or alternately, a fabric such as a knitted fabric, a nonwoven fabric, or a mat. Of these, monofilaments, fabrics, non-woven fabrics or mats are preferred, and fabrics are more preferred.
- the average fiber diameter of the carbon fibers is preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 to 50 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 4 to 20 ⁇ m. When the average fiber diameter is within this range, processing is easy and the resulting CFRP has excellent elastic modulus and strength.
- the average fiber diameter can be measured by observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or the like. More than 50 fibers can be selected at random, the length can be measured, and the average fiber diameter of the number average can be calculated.
- the fineness of the carbon fiber is preferably 20 to 4,500 tex, more preferably 50 to 4,000 tex. When the fineness is within this range, the epoxy resin composition can be easily impregnated, and the resulting composite material has excellent elastic modulus and strength.
- the fineness can be obtained by obtaining the weight of long fibers having an arbitrary length and converting it to the weight per 1,000 m. Usually, carbon fibers having a filament number of about 500 to 60,000 can be preferably used.
- the method for producing the carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention includes a low pressure RTM method, a medium pressure RTM method, a high pressure RTM method, a compression RTM method, a liquid compression molding method, a liquid laydown method, a spray laydown method, and a surface RTM method. It is preferable to have a step of molding by a prepreg compression molding method or a liquid cast molding method.
- the medium pressure RTM method or the high pressure RTM method is more preferable, and from the viewpoint of molding speed. Is more preferably the high pressure RTM method.
- low pressure in the low pressure RTM method means that the pressure at the time of pumping and mixing the epoxy resin that is the main component of the epoxy resin composition and the epoxy resin curing agent is less than 0.5 MPa. It means that.
- intermediate pressure in the medium pressure RTM method means that the pressure is 0.5 MPa or more and less than 7 MPa
- high pressure in the high pressure RTM method means that the pressure is 7 MPa or more and 20 MPa or less.
- the epoxy resin composition is fast-curing and has a low viscosity, filling into the mold and impregnation into the carbon fiber is fast and cures quickly, so that the molding time can be greatly shortened. Therefore, the epoxy resin curing agent and the epoxy resin composition of the present invention are particularly suitable for the molding method. In addition, by using the above molding method, it is possible to produce medium to large CFRP for automobile structural materials and building materials with high productivity by applying the epoxy resin curing agent and the epoxy resin composition of the present invention. .
- a collision mixing mixer as an apparatus for mixing an epoxy resin, which is the main component of the epoxy resin composition, and an epoxy resin curing agent.
- an epoxy resin which is the main component of the epoxy resin composition
- an epoxy resin curing agent For example, carbon fibers are placed in a pair of upper and lower molds and sealed, and the inside of the mold is decompressed.
- the epoxy resin, which is the main component of the epoxy resin composition, and the epoxy resin curing agent are filled in separate tanks, each of which is discharged from a very small hole (orifice) at high speed, and inside the mixing chamber of the collision mixing mixer. Crash mixing.
- the epoxy resin composition thus prepared is injected into the mold at high pressure to impregnate the carbon fiber, and then the epoxy resin is cured.
- a dynamic mixer as an apparatus for mixing an epoxy resin that is a main component of the epoxy resin composition and an epoxy resin curing agent.
- the dynamic mixer includes a cylindrical high-speed rotating body having irregularities on the surface.
- the epoxy resin that is the main ingredient of the epoxy resin composition and the epoxy resin curing agent are filled in separate tanks, each of which is fed to a dynamic mixer, and the two liquids of the main ingredient and the curing agent are mixed by the rotating body. .
- the epoxy resin composition thus prepared is poured into a mold and impregnated in carbon fibers, and then the epoxy resin is cured.
- the low-pressure RTM method is advantageous when the blending ratio of the epoxy resin and the epoxy resin curing agent is greatly different, or from the viewpoint of equipment cost and space saving of the equipment.
- a static mixer is a tubular reactor incorporating one or more static mixers composed of a large number of mixing elements.
- the epoxy resin that is the main component of the epoxy resin composition and the epoxy resin curing agent are filled in separate tanks, and each is sent to a static mixer.
- the epoxy resin composition thus prepared is poured into a mold and impregnated in carbon fibers, and then the epoxy resin is cured.
- the medium pressure RTM method is advantageous from the viewpoints of being able to pump the epoxy resin composition into the mold and apparatus cost.
- the CFRP further includes a foam material in addition to the cured product of the epoxy resin composition and the carbon fiber
- the carbon fiber and the foam material may be disposed in the mold and the CFRP may be manufactured in the same manner as described above. it can.
- the epoxy resin curing agent and the epoxy resin composition of the present invention can also be suitably used for the liquid compression molding (LCM) method and the liquid laydown method.
- LCM liquid compression molding
- an epoxy resin composition is cast and impregnated on carbon fiber (on the carbon fiber and foam material when CFRP further includes a foam material), and then heated and compressed to form an epoxy resin. Is cured.
- the temperature at which the epoxy resin composition is injected into the mold or impregnated into the carbon fiber is preferably 30 to 120 ° C., more preferably 50 to 100 ° C.
- the temperature at the time of mixing the epoxy resin curing agent and the epoxy resin can also be set individually.
- the temperature at the time of mixing the epoxy resin curing agent is preferably 5 to 30 ° C., more preferably 10 to 25 ° C. from the viewpoint of suppressing an increase in viscosity.
- the temperature at the time of mixing the epoxy resin can be appropriately adjusted according to the viscosity of the epoxy resin, but is preferably 30 to 120 ° C, more preferably 50 to 100 ° C.
- the impregnation time of the epoxy resin composition into the carbon fiber is preferably 0.1 to 15 minutes, more preferably 0.2 to 10 minutes, and further preferably 0.5 to 5 minutes from the viewpoint of moldability and productivity. It is.
- the curing temperature of the epoxy resin composition is preferably 50 to 200 ° C, more preferably 80 to 150 ° C, and still more preferably 100 to 150 ° C.
- the curing time of the epoxy resin composition is preferably 0.1 to 15 minutes, more preferably 0.2 to 10 minutes, and further preferably 0.5 to 5 minutes from the viewpoint of moldability and productivity.
- CFRP can be produced with high productivity by the above molding method.
- the carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention is preferably an automotive structural material or a building material, particularly an automotive structural material.
- Automotive structural materials include bumpers, spoilers, cowlings, front grills, garnishes, bonnets, trunk lids, fender panels, door panels, roof panels, instrument panels, door trims, quarter trims, roof linings, pillar garnishes, deck trims, tonneau boards. , Package tray, dashboard, console box, kicking plate, switch base, seat back board, seat frame, armrest, sun visor, intake manifold, engine head cover, engine under cover, oil filter housing, and the like.
- viscosity The viscosity of the epoxy resin curing agent and the epoxy resin composition was measured using an E type viscometer “TVE-22H type viscometer cone plate type” (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.). The epoxy resin curing agent was measured at 25 ° C., and the epoxy resin composition was measured at 40 ° C. The lower the viscosity, the higher the filling property during molding and the better the molding property.
- HDT Heat deformation temperature
- a two-diameter silicone rubber round string was sandwiched between two aluminum plates coated with a release agent “Frekote 700NC” (Henkel), and fixed with a clam vise to form a mold.
- the defoamed epoxy resin composition was cast in a mold heated to 80 ° C. in about 1 minute using a needleless plastic syringe, and cured with a hot air dryer at 120 ° C. for 120 minutes.
- a cast plate having a thickness of 2 mm made of a cured product was obtained.
- the obtained casting plate was cut to produce a test piece of 10 mm ⁇ 80 mm ⁇ thickness 2 mm, and the HDT test equipment “Auto-HDT3D-2” (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.)
- the heat distortion temperature was measured under the conditions of a distance of 64 mm, a load of 1.8 MPa, and a heating rate of 120 ° C./hr.
- the epoxy resin composition was cast in the same manner as described above to obtain a cast plate having a thickness of 2 mm made of a cured product of the epoxy resin composition.
- the obtained cast plate was cut to produce a JIS K7162-1A type dumbbell-shaped test piece, and a tensile test was performed using the test piece.
- Example 1 Preparation of epoxy resin curing agent and epoxy resin composition
- the phenol compound (B) 10 g of bisphenol A (4,4 ′-(propane-2,2-diyl) diphenol, manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. was blended and mixed to obtain an epoxy resin curing agent.
- this epoxy resin curing agent and the main agent bisphenol A type liquid epoxy resin (“jER825”, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), the number of active amine hydrogens in the epoxy resin curing agent, and the main epoxy resin
- An epoxy resin composition was prepared by mixing and mixing so that the number of epoxy groups in the mixture was equimolar.
- curing agent and epoxy resin composition it evaluated by the above-mentioned method. The results are shown in Table 1.
- R 25 represents —CH 2 CH (OH) — or —CH (OH) CH 2 —.
- Examples 2-4 An epoxy resin curing agent and an epoxy resin composition were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content of bisphenol A in the epoxy resin curing agent was changed to the amount shown in Table 1, and evaluated by the above-described method. Went. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 Except that styrenated phenol (“Kumanox-3110” manufactured by Kumho Petrochemical) containing as a main component a compound represented by the following structural formula instead of bisphenol A was used as the phenol compound (B), the same as Example 3
- An epoxy resin curing agent and an epoxy resin composition were prepared by the method and evaluated by the above-described method. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 An epoxy resin curing agent and an amine compound (A) were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that metaxylylenediamine (MXDA, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Inc.) was used instead of 1,3-BAC. An epoxy resin composition was prepared and evaluated by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 1.
- MXDA metaxylylenediamine
- Example 7 An epoxy resin curing agent and an amine compound (A) were prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 except that metaxylylenediamine (MXDA, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used instead of 1,3-BAC. An epoxy resin composition was prepared and evaluated by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 1.
- MXDA metaxylylenediamine
- Example 8 In the same manner as in Example 4, except that metaxylylenediamine (MXDA, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Inc.) was used as the amine compound (A) instead of 1,3-BAC, an epoxy resin curing agent and An epoxy resin composition was prepared and evaluated by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 1.
- MXDA metaxylylenediamine
- Example 9 80 g of 1,3-BAC was used as the amine compound (A), and 20 g of N-aminoethylpiperazine (AEP, manufactured by Tosoh Corp.) was used as an amine compound other than (A). 100 g of these amine compounds are mixed with 20 g of bisphenol A (4,4 ′-(propane-2,2-diyl) diphenol, manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) as a phenol compound (B) and mixed. A resin curing agent was obtained. Using this epoxy resin curing agent, an epoxy resin composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the epoxy resin curing agent and the epoxy resin composition were evaluated by the methods described above. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 10 The same method as in Example 3 except that bisphenol E (1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used as the phenol compound (B) instead of bisphenol A. Then, an epoxy resin curing agent and an epoxy resin composition were prepared and evaluated by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 11 The epoxy resin was cured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that bisphenol F (bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used as the phenol compound (B) instead of bisphenol A. Agents and epoxy resin compositions were prepared and evaluated by the methods described above. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 5 An epoxy resin curing agent and an epoxy resin composition were prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that isophorone diamine (IPDA) was used instead of 1,3-BAC as the amine compound, and evaluated by the above method. Went. The results are shown in Table 1.
- IPDA isophorone diamine
- Comparative Example 6 An epoxy resin curing agent and an epoxy resin composition were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that isophoronediamine (IPDA) was used as the amine compound instead of 1,3-BAC, and evaluated by the above-described method. Went. The results are shown in Table 1.
- IPDA isophoronediamine
- Comparative Example 7 An epoxy resin curing agent and an epoxy resin composition were prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 except that isophoronediamine (IPDA) was used as the amine compound instead of 1,3-BAC, and evaluated by the above-described method. Went. The results are shown in Table 1.
- IPDA isophoronediamine
- Table 1 shows that the epoxy resin curing agent and the epoxy resin composition of the present invention have a low viscosity and are fast curable. Therefore, it is suitable for manufacturing various molded articles using a molding method such as a high cycle RTM method. Further, as shown in Examples 1 to 4, the cured product of the epoxy resin composition of the present invention has the same mechanical characteristics as compared with Comparative Example 1 using an epoxy resin curing agent not containing the phenol compound (B). It can be seen that the tensile modulus and the Charpy impact strength tend to be improved as compared with Comparative Example 1.
- an epoxy resin curing agent and an epoxy resin composition that are fast-curing and low-viscosity capable of producing CFRP such as automobile structural materials and building materials with high productivity by a high cycle RTM method or the like. it can.
- the epoxy resin composition is used as a CFRP matrix resin, it has excellent carbon fiber impregnation properties and is fast-curing, so that it takes only a short time to release from the mold, and CFRP production. Can be improved.
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Abstract
Description
例えば風力発電ブレードは、インフュージョン成形、Va-RTM法(Vacuum Assist Resin Transfer Molding)又はLight-RTM法にて成形されるようになってきた。これらの方法では、例えば、フィルムやFRPを使用した上型と、下型とからなる型内に予め強化繊維を配置し、この金型内を真空引きし、マトリクス樹脂となるエポキシ樹脂組成物を常圧で充填して強化繊維へ含浸させ、次いで、該エポキシ樹脂を硬化させて成形する。
インフュージョン成形やVa-RTM法、Light-RTM法による成形では、その成形法の特徴上、エポキシ樹脂とエポキシ樹脂硬化剤とを混合したエポキシ樹脂組成物を金型内へ充填するのに、通常は数十分程度かかる。そのため、これらの成形法に使用されるエポキシ樹脂組成物には低粘度でかつポットライフが長いことが要求される。エポキシ樹脂硬化剤としては、イソホロンジアミン、ポリエーテル骨格のポリアミン化合物等が使用されている。
従来のRTM法は上下一対の金型を使用した密閉型成形の一つであり、該金型内に繊維強化プリフォームを配置し、金型をクランプして密閉した後、注入孔からエポキシ樹脂組成物等の樹脂を金型内に注入して繊維強化プリフォームに含浸させ、次いで該樹脂を硬化させた後、離型するという方法である。しかしながら従来のRTM法では、成形時間(プリフォームの配置、樹脂含浸、樹脂硬化、及び離型まで)に数時間を要するため、自動車構造材用途のCFRPの製造では、より生産性の高いハイサイクルRTM法が用いられている。
[1]下記一般式(1)で示されるアミン化合物(A)とフェノール化合物(B)とを含有するエポキシ樹脂硬化剤であって、該(A)成分100質量部に対する該(B)成分の含有量が8~35質量部である、エポキシ樹脂硬化剤。
R1HN-H2C-A-CH2-NHR2 (1)
(式(1)中、R1及びR2はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、又は炭素数1~6のアミノアルキル基である。Aはシクロヘキシレン基又はフェニレン基である。)
[2]前記一般式(1)において、R1及びR2が共に水素原子である、上記[1]に記載のエポキシ樹脂硬化剤。
[3]前記一般式(1)において、Aがシクロヘキシレン基である、上記[1]又は[2]に記載のエポキシ樹脂硬化剤。
[4]前記フェノール化合物(B)が下記一般式(2)で示される化合物である、上記[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載のエポキシ樹脂硬化剤。
[5]前記フェノール化合物(B)が4,4’-(プロパン-2,2-ジイル)ジフェノール、ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)メタン、1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)エタン、及びスチレン化フェノールからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、上記[4]に記載のエポキシ樹脂硬化剤。
[6]上記[1]~[5]のいずれか1項に記載のエポキシ樹脂硬化剤と、エポキシ樹脂とを含有するエポキシ樹脂組成物。
[7]前記エポキシ樹脂が分子内に芳香環又は脂環式構造を含むエポキシ樹脂である、上記[6]に記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物。
[8]前記エポキシ樹脂が下記一般式(3)で示されるエポキシ樹脂である、上記[7]に記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物。
[9]温度40℃における粘度が400mPa・s以下である、上記[6]~[8]のいずれか1項に記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物。
[10]炭素繊維強化複合材用である、上記[6]~[9]のいずれか1項に記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物。
[11]上記[6]~[10]のいずれか1項に記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物と、炭素繊維とを含む炭素繊維強化複合材。
[12]自動車用構造材である、上記[11]に記載の炭素繊維強化複合材。
[13]低圧RTM法、中圧RTM法、高圧RTM法、コンプレッションRTM法、リキッドコンプレッションモールディング法、リキッドレイダウン法、スプレーレイダウン法、サーフェイスRTM法、プリプレグコンプレッションモールディング法又はリキッドキャストモールディング法により成形する工程を有する、上記[11]又は[12]に記載の炭素繊維強化複合材の製造方法。
本発明のエポキシ樹脂硬化剤は、下記一般式(1)で示されるアミン化合物(A)とフェノール化合物(B)とを含有するエポキシ樹脂硬化剤であって、該(A)成分100質量部に対する該(B)成分の含有量が8~35質量部であることを特徴とする。
R1HN-H2C-A-CH2-NHR2 (1)
(式(1)中、R1及びR2はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、又は炭素数1~6のアミノアルキル基である。Aはシクロヘキシレン基又はフェニレン基である。)
アミン化合物(A)は、前記一般式(1)で示される化合物である。本発明のエポキシ樹脂硬化剤が特定構造のアミン化合物(A)を含むことにより、低粘度でかつ速硬化性を有するエポキシ樹脂硬化剤及びエポキシ樹脂組成物を得ることができる。
式(1)中、R1及びR2はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、又は炭素数1~6のアミノアルキル基である。R1及びR2はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、又は炭素数1~4のアミノアルキル基が好ましく、水素原子、又は炭素数2~4のアミノアルキル基がより好ましく、R1及びR2が共に水素原子であることがさらに好ましい。
また式(1)中、Aはシクロヘキシレン基又はフェニレン基であり、シクロヘキシレン基が好ましい。具体的には、Aは1,2-シクロヘキシレン基、1,3-シクロヘキシレン基、1,4-シクロヘキシレン基、1,2-フェニレン基、1,3-フェニレン基、及び1,4-フェニレン基からなる群から選ばれる1種以上であり、耐熱性及び耐候性の観点からは1,2-シクロヘキシレン基、1,3-シクロヘキシレン基、及び1,4-シクロヘキシレン基からなる群から選ばれる1種以上が好ましく、1,3-シクロヘキシレン基がより好ましい。なお本明細書におけるシクロヘキシレン基には、シス体、トランス体のいずれも含まれる。
上記の中でも、アミン化合物(A)としては、1,2-ビス(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,3-ビス(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,4-ビス(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、o-キシリレンジアミン、m-キシリレンジアミン(MXDA)、p-キシリレンジアミン(PXDA)、前記一般式(1-1)で示される化合物、及び前記一般式(1-2)で示される化合物からなる群から選ばれる1種以上が好ましく、1,2-ビス(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,3-ビス(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,4-ビス(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、o-キシリレンジアミン、m-キシリレンジアミン、及びp-キシリレンジアミンからなる群から選ばれる1種以上がより好ましく、耐熱性及び耐候性の観点からは1,2-ビス(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,3-ビス(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、及び1,4-ビス(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサンからなる群から選ばれる1種以上がさらに好ましく、1,3-ビス(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサンがよりさらに好ましい。アミン化合物(A)は、1種を単独で、又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
本発明のエポキシ樹脂硬化剤は、所定量のフェノール化合物(B)を含有する。これにより、低粘度と速硬化性とを両立したエポキシ樹脂硬化剤及びエポキシ樹脂組成物を得ることができる。
前記(A)成分単独でもエポキシ樹脂硬化剤として機能するが、フェノール化合物(B)は前記(A)成分の硬化促進剤として作用するため、フェノール化合物(B)を配合することで、より速硬化性を有するエポキシ樹脂硬化剤が得られる。その理由としては、(B)成分が有するフェノール性水酸基由来のプロトンによりエポキシ樹脂のエポキシ基が電子不足となり、アミノ基に対する該エポキシ基の求電子性が高められているものと考えられる。
したがって、フェノール化合物(B)はフェノール性水酸基を分子中に少なくとも1つ有する化合物であれば特に制限なく用いることができる。配合量が少なくても効果を発揮する観点、及びアミン化合物(A)や後述するエポキシ樹脂との混和性の観点から、分子量1,000未満のフェノール化合物が好ましく、下記一般式(2)で示される化合物がより好ましい。
式(2)中、R5及びR6はOH基であることが好ましく、j及びkはそれぞれ独立に0~2の整数であり、かつj+kが1~3であることが好ましい。
式(2)中のZにおいて、炭素数1~6のアルキレン基としては、メチレン基、エチレン基、トリメチレン基、テトラメチレン基、ヘキサメチレン基が挙げられ、炭素数1~3のアルキレン基が好ましい。炭素数2~6のアルキリデン基としては、エチリデン基(-CH(CH3)-)、プロピリデン基(-C(CH3)2-)等が挙げられ、炭素数2~3のアルキリデン基が好ましい。
炭素数5~10のシクロアルキレン基としては、シクロペンタンジイル基、シクロヘキサンジイル基、シクロオクタンジイル基等が挙げられる。炭素数5~10のシクロアルキリデン基としては、シクロヘキシリデン基、3,5,5-トリメチルシクロヘキシリデン基等が挙げられる。また、炭素数7~15のアリールアルキレン基及び炭素数7~15のアリールアルキリデン基のアリール部位としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基、ビフェニル基、アントリル基などの環形成炭素数6~14のアリール基が挙げられる。
上記の中でも、Zは単結合、炭素数1~3のアルキレン基、及び炭素数2~3のアルキリデン基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種が好ましく、単結合、メチレン基、エチリデン基、又はプロピリデン基であることが好ましく、メチレン基、エチリデン基、又はプロピリデン基であることがより好ましい。
なお、スチレン化フェノールは、好ましくはスチレンとフェノールとの1:1付加物であり、下記式(2-1)で示される化合物である。スチレン化フェノールは下記式(2-1)で示される化合物が主成分であることが好ましいが、スチレンとフェノールとの2:1付加物、スチレンとフェノールとの3:1付加物等の多付加体を含有していてもよい。なお本明細書において「主成分」とは、全構成成分を100質量%とした場合、その含有量が50質量%以上、好ましくは70質量%以上、より好ましくは80質量%以上(上限は100質量%)である成分をいう。市販のスチレン化フェノールとしては、kumho Petrochemical製の「Kumanox-3110」、「Kumanox-3111」、「Kumanox-3114」、「Kumanox-3120」、「Kumanox-SP」等が挙げられる。
フェノール化合物(B)は、1種を単独で、又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
但し、本発明の効果を効率的に発現する観点から、前記アミン化合物(A)と前記フェノール化合物(B)との合計含有量が、本発明のエポキシ樹脂硬化剤全量に対して好ましくは50質量%以上、より好ましくは70質量%以上、さらに好ましくは80質量%以上、よりさらに好ましくは85質量%以上、よりさらに好ましくは95質量%以上、特に好ましくは99質量%以上(上限は100質量%)となるようにする。
本発明のエポキシ樹脂組成物は、前記本発明のエポキシ樹脂硬化剤とエポキシ樹脂とを含有するものである。該エポキシ樹脂としては、本発明のエポキシ樹脂硬化剤中の活性アミン水素と反応するグリシジル基を持つエポキシ樹脂であればいずれも使用することができるが、硬化物の機械的強度に優れる観点からは、分子内に芳香環又は脂環式構造を含むエポキシ樹脂であることが好ましく、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂及びビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂からなる群から選ばれる1種以上がより好ましく、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂がさらに好ましい。中でも、低粘度でかつ硬化物の機械的強度を確保できる観点から下記一般式(3)で示されるエポキシ樹脂が特に好ましい。
R21~R24は炭素数1~4のアルキル基であることが好ましく、メチル基、エチル基、イソプロピル基、及びt-ブチル基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種がより好ましい。
p、q、r、及びsはいずれも0~2の整数であることが好ましく、0又は1であることがより好ましく、すべて0であることがさらに好ましい。
Y1及びY2は-CH2-、又は-C(CH3)2-であることが好ましく、-C(CH3)2-であることがより好ましい。
また、低粘度でかつ硬化物の機械的強度を確保できる観点から、mは0~0.15であることが好ましく、0.01~0.1であることがより好ましい。
エポキシ樹脂は、1種を単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
本発明のエポキシ樹脂組成物の温度40℃における粘度は、好ましくは400mPa・s以下、より好ましくは350mPa・s以下、さらに好ましくは300mPa・s以下である。温度40℃における粘度が400mPa・s以下であると、CFRP用途に用いた際には生産性が向上する。エポキシ樹脂組成物の温度40℃における粘度の下限値には特に制限はないが、CFRPの成形において、レイノルズ数の上昇により金型内で乱流が生じて炭素繊維に乱れが生じることを抑制する点から、好ましくは150mPa・s以上である。
上記ゲル化時間はレオメーターを用いて、実施例に記載の方法で測定できる。具体的には、レオメーターを用いて温度80℃、周波数1Hz、プレート間距離0.5mmでエポキシ樹脂組成物の貯蔵弾性率G’、損失弾性率G’’を測定し、G’とG’’とが交差する点をゲル化時間とする。
例えば本発明のエポキシ樹脂組成物は、120℃で120分硬化させて得られた10mm×80mm×厚さ2mmの硬化物について、熱変形温度試験装置を用いて支点間距離64mm、荷重1.8MPa、昇温速度120℃/hrの条件で測定される熱変形温度が好ましくは100℃以上であり、より好ましくは110℃以上、さらに好ましくは120℃以上、よりさらに好ましくは123℃以上である。上記熱変形温度は、実施例に記載の方法で測定できる。
繊維強化複合材(FRP)は、前記エポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物と、強化繊維とを含むものであり、強化繊維に前記エポキシ樹脂組成物を含浸させた後、該組成物を硬化させることにより得ることができる。FRPは、前記エポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物と強化繊維の他に、さらに発泡材を含んでもよい。
強化繊維としては、例えば、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維、ボロン繊維及び金属繊維などが挙げられる。強化繊維は1種を単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。これらの中でも、得られる複合材の強度及び軽量性の観点からは炭素繊維が好ましい。
発泡材としては特に制限はないが、例えばポリ塩化ビニル樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、ポリオレフィン樹脂、アクリル樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリメタクリルイミド樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等の樹脂材料から構成される発泡材が挙げられる。
以下、前記エポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物と、炭素繊維とを含む炭素繊維強化複合材について説明する。
本発明の炭素繊維強化複合材(CFRP)は、前記エポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物と、炭素繊維とを含むものであり、炭素繊維に前記エポキシ樹脂組成物を含浸させた後、該組成物を硬化させることにより得ることができる。CFRPはエポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物と炭素繊維の他に、さらに炭素繊維以外の強化繊維や前記発泡材を含んでもよい。
本発明のCFRPに用いられる炭素繊維は、レーヨンやポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)などを原料として製造したものであってもよいし、石油や石炭などのピッチを原料として紡糸して製造したものであってもよい。また、炭素繊維の端材を再利用した再生品や、CFRPから樹脂を除去した再生品の炭素繊維を用いることもできる。炭素繊維の形態は、例えば単にモノフィラメント又はマルチフィラメントを一方向または交互の交差するように並べたもの、編織物等の布帛、不織布あるいはマット等の種々の形態が挙げられる。これらのうち、モノフィラメント、布帛、不織布あるいはマットの形態が好ましく、布帛の形態がより好ましい。
本発明の炭素繊維強化複合材の製造方法には特に制限はないが、本発明のエポキシ樹脂硬化剤及びエポキシ樹脂組成物は速硬化性であるため、エポキシ樹脂硬化剤と、エポキシ樹脂とを成形の直前に混合した後、好ましくは10分以内、より好ましくは5分以内に、炭素繊維への含浸及び硬化を行うことが好ましい。
この観点から、本発明の炭素繊維強化複合材の製造方法は、低圧RTM法、中圧RTM法、高圧RTM法、コンプレッションRTM法、リキッドコンプレッションモールディング法、リキッドレイダウン法、スプレーレイダウン法、サーフェイスRTM法、プリプレグコンプレッションモールディング法又はリキッドキャストモールディング法により成形する工程を有することが好ましい。これらの成形法の中でも、ハイサイクルRTM法に適用する観点から、低圧RTM法、中圧RTM法、又は高圧RTM法が好ましく、中圧RTM法又は高圧RTM法がより好ましく、成形速度の観点からは高圧RTM法がさらに好ましい。
なお本明細書において、低圧RTM法における「低圧」とは、エポキシ樹脂組成物の主剤であるエポキシ樹脂と、エポキシ樹脂硬化剤とを圧送して混合する際の圧送時の圧力が0.5MPa未満であることをいう。同様に、中圧RTM法における「中圧」とは上記圧力が0.5MPa以上、7MPa未満、高圧RTM法における「高圧」とは上記圧力が7MPa以上、20MPa以下であるものを指す。
上記成形法では、本発明のエポキシ樹脂硬化剤と、エポキシ樹脂とを成形の直前に混合して使用することが可能であるため、該エポキシ樹脂組成物のポットライフはそれほど必要とされない。また、当該エポキシ樹脂組成物は速硬化性でかつ低粘度であるため、金型内への充填及び炭素繊維への含浸が速く、速やかに硬化するため、成形時間を大幅に短縮できる。したがって本発明のエポキシ樹脂硬化剤及びエポキシ樹脂組成物は、上記成形法に特に好適である。また、上記成形法を用いることにより、本発明のエポキシ樹脂硬化剤及びエポキシ樹脂組成物を適用して、自動車用構造材や建材用などの中~大型のCFRPを生産性よく製造することができる。
中圧RTM法では、エポキシ樹脂組成物の主剤であるエポキシ樹脂と、エポキシ樹脂硬化剤とを混合する装置としてスタティックミキサーを使用することが好ましい。スタティックミキサーは、多数のミキシングエレメントからなる静止型混合器を1個以上組み込んだ管型反応器である。例えば、エポキシ樹脂組成物の主剤であるエポキシ樹脂と、エポキシ樹脂硬化剤とを別々のタンクに充填し、それぞれをスタティックミキサーに送液する。スタティックミキサーのねじれたエレメントに主剤と硬化剤の2液を通すことで、分割・転換・反転等の作用より2液が混合される。このようにして調製したエポキシ樹脂組成物を金型内に注入して炭素繊維に含浸させ、次いで、エポキシ樹脂を硬化させる。中圧RTM法は、金型内にエポキシ樹脂組成物を圧送できること、及び、装置コストの観点で有利である。
エポキシ樹脂組成物の炭素繊維への含浸時間は、成形性及び生産性の観点から、好ましくは0.1~15分、より好ましくは0.2~10分、さらに好ましくは0.5~5分である。
E型粘度計「TVE-22H型粘度計 コーンプレートタイプ」(東機産業(株)製)を用いて、エポキシ樹脂硬化剤及びエポキシ樹脂組成物の粘度を測定した。エポキシ樹脂硬化剤は25℃、エポキシ樹脂組成物は40℃にてそれぞれ測定を実施した。粘度が低いほど、成形時の充填性が高く成形性が良好であることを示す。
レオメーター「ARES-G2」(TAインスツルメント製)を用いて評価を行った。80℃に加温したアルミプレート間にエポキシ樹脂組成物を充填し、温度80℃、周波数1Hz、プレート間距離0.5mmで貯蔵弾性率G’、損失弾性率G’’を測定して、G’とG’’とが交差する点をゲル化時間とした。ゲル化時間が短いほど速硬化性であることを示す。
離型剤「Frekote700NC」(Henkel社製)を塗布した2枚のアルミ板の間に、Φ2mmのシリコーンゴム丸紐を挟み込み、シャコ万力で固定して鋳型とした。80℃に加温した鋳型に、脱泡したエポキシ樹脂組成物を針なしプラスチックシリンジを用いて約1分で注型し、120℃の熱風乾燥機で120分硬化させて、エポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物からなる厚さ2mmの注型板を得た。
得られた注型板を切削加工して10mm×80mm×厚さ2mmの試験片を作製し、HDT試験装置「Auto-HDT3D-2」((株)東洋精機製作所製)を用いて、支点間距離64mm、荷重1.8MPa、昇温速度120℃/hrの条件にて熱変形温度を測定した。
前記と同様の方法でエポキシ樹脂組成物を注型し、エポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物からなる厚さ2mmの注型板を得た。得られた注型板を切削加工してJIS K7162-1A型ダンベル形状の試験片を作製し、これを用いて引張試験を行った。引張試験機((株)東洋精機製作所製「ストログラフAP-III」、ロードセル容量20kN)を用いて、測定温度23℃、つかみ具間距離115mm、標線間距離50mm、ストローク速度は弾性率測定領域;1mm/分、強度測定領域;5mm/分の条件で引張試験を実施し、引張弾性率、最大点強度、最大点ひずみ、及び破断点ひずみを測定した。
前記と同様の方法でエポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物について10mm×80mm×厚さ2mmのノッチなし試験片を作製した。デジタルシャルピー衝撃試験機「DC-UB」((株)東洋精機製作所製)を用いて、温度23℃、相対湿度50%RHでシャルピー衝撃試験を行い、シャルピー衝撃強度を求めた。
アミン化合物(A)である1,3-ビス(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサン(1,3-BAC、三菱瓦斯化学(株)製、シス/トランス比=77/23)100gに対し、フェノール化合物(B)としてビスフェノールA(4,4’-(プロパン-2,2-ジイル)ジフェノール、関東化学(株)製)を10g配合して混合し、エポキシ樹脂硬化剤を得た。
さらに、このエポキシ樹脂硬化剤と、主剤であるビスフェノールA型液状エポキシ樹脂(「jER825」、三菱化学(株)製)とを、エポキシ樹脂硬化剤中の活性アミン水素数と、主剤であるエポキシ樹脂中のエポキシ基数とが等モルとなるよう配合して混合し、エポキシ樹脂組成物を調製した。
得られたエポキシ樹脂硬化剤及びエポキシ樹脂組成物について、前述の方法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。なお、エポキシ樹脂jER825は下記構造式で示され、エポキシ当量は175g/当量、m=0.035である。
エポキシ樹脂硬化剤中のビスフェノールAの含有量を表1に示す量に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法でエポキシ樹脂硬化剤及びエポキシ樹脂組成物を調製し、前述の方法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
フェノール化合物(B)として、ビスフェノールAの代わりに下記構造式で示される化合物を主成分とするスチレン化フェノール(kumho Petrochemical製「Kumanox-3110」)を使用したこと以外は、実施例3と同様の方法でエポキシ樹脂硬化剤及びエポキシ樹脂組成物を調製し、前述の方法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
アミン化合物(A)として、1,3-BACの代わりにメタキシリレンジアミン(MXDA、三菱瓦斯化学(株)製)を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法でエポキシ樹脂硬化剤及びエポキシ樹脂組成物を調製し、前述の方法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
アミン化合物(A)として、1,3-BACの代わりにメタキシリレンジアミン(MXDA、三菱瓦斯化学(株)製)を使用したこと以外は、実施例3と同様の方法でエポキシ樹脂硬化剤及びエポキシ樹脂組成物を調製し、前述の方法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
アミン化合物(A)として、1,3-BACの代わりにメタキシリレンジアミン(MXDA、三菱瓦斯化学(株)製)を使用したこと以外は、実施例4と同様の方法でエポキシ樹脂硬化剤及びエポキシ樹脂組成物を調製し、前述の方法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
アミン化合物(A)として1,3-BACを80g使用し、(A)以外のアミン化合物としてN-アミノエチルピペラジン(AEP、東ソー(株)製)を20g使用した。これらのアミン化合物100gに対し、フェノール化合物(B)としてビスフェノールA(4,4’-(プロパン-2,2-ジイル)ジフェノール、関東化学(株)製)を20g配合して混合し、エポキシ樹脂硬化剤を得た。このエポキシ樹脂硬化剤を用いて実施例1と同様の方法でエポキシ樹脂組成物を調製し、エポキシ樹脂硬化剤及びエポキシ樹脂組成物について前述の方法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
フェノール化合物(B)として、ビスフェノールAの代わりにビスフェノールE(1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)エタン、東京化成工業(株)製)を使用したこと以外は、実施例3と同様の方法でエポキシ樹脂硬化剤及びエポキシ樹脂組成物を調製し、前述の方法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
フェノール化合物(B)として、ビスフェノールAの代わりにビスフェノールF(ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)メタン、東京化成工業(株)製)を使用したこと以外は、実施例3と同様の方法でエポキシ樹脂硬化剤及びエポキシ樹脂組成物を調製し、前述の方法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
フェノール化合物(B)を配合しなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法でエポキシ樹脂組成物を調製し、前述の方法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
エポキシ樹脂硬化剤中のビスフェノールAの含有量を表1に示す量に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法でエポキシ樹脂組成物を調製し、前述の方法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
フェノール化合物(B)を配合しなかったこと以外は、実施例6と同様の方法でエポキシ樹脂組成物を調製し、前述の方法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
アミン化合物として、1,3-BACの代わりにイソホロンジアミン(IPDA)を使用したこと以外は、比較例1と同様の方法でエポキシ樹脂硬化剤及びエポキシ樹脂組成物を調製し、前述の方法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
アミン化合物として、1,3-BACの代わりにイソホロンジアミン(IPDA)を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法でエポキシ樹脂硬化剤及びエポキシ樹脂組成物を調製し、前述の方法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
アミン化合物として、1,3-BACの代わりにイソホロンジアミン(IPDA)を使用したこと以外は、実施例3と同様の方法でエポキシ樹脂硬化剤及びエポキシ樹脂組成物を調製し、前述の方法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
フェノール化合物(B)を配合しなかったこと以外は、実施例9と同様の方法でエポキシ樹脂組成物を調製し、前述の方法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1~4、実施例9~11、比較例1及び5のエポキシ樹脂組成物を、室温でのハンドレイアップ成形により、炭素繊維織物(東レ(株)製「CO6343」、T300平織りクロス、3K、198g/m2、0.25mm厚、4ply)に含浸させてCFRP基材を作製した。続いて、オーブン内で予め120℃に加熱したアルミ上下型にCFRP基材を載せ、速やかに型を閉じ、所定時間経過後の硬化挙動及び離型性を評価した。
CFRP基材が完全に硬化して離型可能となるまでの時間を表2に示す。この時間が短いほど短時間で硬化及び離型可能となり、CFRPの生産性に優れることを示す。
Claims (13)
- 下記一般式(1)で示されるアミン化合物(A)とフェノール化合物(B)とを含有するエポキシ樹脂硬化剤であって、該(A)成分100質量部に対する該(B)成分の含有量が8~35質量部である、エポキシ樹脂硬化剤。
R1HN-H2C-A-CH2-NHR2 (1)
(式(1)中、R1及びR2はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、又は炭素数1~6のアミノアルキル基である。Aはシクロヘキシレン基又はフェニレン基である。) - 前記一般式(1)において、R1及びR2が共に水素原子である、請求項1に記載のエポキシ樹脂硬化剤。
- 前記一般式(1)において、Aがシクロヘキシレン基である、請求項1又は2に記載のエポキシ樹脂硬化剤。
- 前記フェノール化合物(B)が下記一般式(2)で示される化合物である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のエポキシ樹脂硬化剤。
(式(2)中、R5及びR6はそれぞれ独立にOH基、又は炭素数1~4のアルキル基である。j及びkはそれぞれ独立に0~5の整数であり、かつj+kは1以上である。複数のR5、及び複数のR6はすべて同一でもよく互いに異なってもよいが、このうち少なくとも1つはOH基である。Zは単結合、炭素数1~6のアルキレン基、炭素数2~6のアルキリデン基、炭素数5~10のシクロアルキレン基、炭素数5~10のシクロアルキリデン基、炭素数7~15のアリールアルキレン基、炭素数7~15のアリールアルキリデン基、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-O-、-CO-、-C(CF3)2-、-CH(CF3)-、-CF2-、-CONH-、又は-COO-である。) - 前記フェノール化合物(B)が4,4’-(プロパン-2,2-ジイル)ジフェノール、ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)メタン、1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)エタン、及びスチレン化フェノールからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項4に記載のエポキシ樹脂硬化剤。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のエポキシ樹脂硬化剤と、エポキシ樹脂とを含有するエポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 前記エポキシ樹脂が分子内に芳香環又は脂環式構造を含むエポキシ樹脂である、請求項6に記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 温度40℃における粘度が400mPa・s以下である、請求項6~8のいずれか1項に記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 炭素繊維強化複合材用である、請求項6~9のいずれか1項に記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 請求項6~10のいずれか1項に記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物と、炭素繊維とを含む炭素繊維強化複合材。
- 自動車用構造材である、請求項11に記載の炭素繊維強化複合材。
- 低圧RTM法、中圧RTM法、高圧RTM法、コンプレッションRTM法、リキッドコンプレッションモールディング法、リキッドレイダウン法、スプレーレイダウン法、サーフェイスRTM法、プリプレグコンプレッションモールディング法又はリキッドキャストモールディング法により成形する工程を有する、請求項11又は12に記載の炭素繊維強化複合材の製造方法。
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- 2017-03-15 JP JP2017530234A patent/JP6256666B1/ja active Active
- 2017-03-15 EP EP17782176.6A patent/EP3444291B1/en active Active
- 2017-03-15 WO PCT/JP2017/010410 patent/WO2017179358A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2017-03-15 US US16/090,884 patent/US10767001B2/en active Active
- 2017-03-15 CN CN201780014136.XA patent/CN108699221B/zh active Active
- 2017-03-15 KR KR1020187027777A patent/KR102385052B1/ko active Active
- 2017-03-20 TW TW106109068A patent/TWI730067B/zh active
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| CN111417667A (zh) * | 2017-12-07 | 2020-07-14 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 环氧树脂固化剂、环氧树脂组合物及其固化物、以及纤维增强复合材料 |
| WO2019111607A1 (ja) * | 2017-12-07 | 2019-06-13 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | エポキシ樹脂硬化剤、エポキシ樹脂組成物及びその硬化物、並びに繊維強化複合材 |
| JPWO2019111607A1 (ja) * | 2017-12-07 | 2020-12-10 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | エポキシ樹脂硬化剤、エポキシ樹脂組成物及びその硬化物、並びに繊維強化複合材 |
| JP7322709B2 (ja) | 2017-12-07 | 2023-08-08 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | エポキシ樹脂硬化剤、エポキシ樹脂組成物及びその硬化物、並びに繊維強化複合材 |
| CN111417667B (zh) * | 2017-12-07 | 2023-05-23 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 环氧树脂固化剂、环氧树脂组合物及其固化物、以及纤维增强复合材料 |
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| WO2019171991A1 (ja) | 2018-03-09 | 2019-09-12 | 日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社 | 繊維強化複合材料用樹脂組成物及びそれを用いた繊維強化複合材料 |
| JPWO2019171991A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-09 | 2021-03-25 | 日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社 | 繊維強化複合材料用樹脂組成物及びそれを用いた繊維強化複合材料 |
| JP7307050B2 (ja) | 2018-03-09 | 2023-07-11 | 日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社 | 繊維強化複合材料用樹脂組成物及びそれを用いた繊維強化複合材料 |
| US11390708B2 (en) | 2018-03-09 | 2022-07-19 | Nippon Steel Chemical & Material Co., Ltd. | Resin composition for fiber-reinforced composite materials, and fiber-reinforced composite material using same |
| WO2020066746A1 (ja) | 2018-09-25 | 2020-04-02 | 日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社 | 繊維強化複合材料用樹脂組成物及びそれを用いた繊維強化複合材料 |
| WO2020217918A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-23 | 2020-10-29 | Dic株式会社 | 硬化性組成物、硬化物、繊維強化複合材料、成形品及びその製造方法 |
| JPWO2020217918A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-23 | 2021-05-06 | Dic株式会社 | 硬化性組成物、硬化物、繊維強化複合材料、成形品及びその製造方法 |
| JP2021161327A (ja) * | 2020-04-01 | 2021-10-11 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | プリプレグの製造方法及び高圧ガス貯蔵タンクの製造方法 |
| JP2021161326A (ja) * | 2020-04-01 | 2021-10-11 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | プリプレグ、繊維強化複合材、及び高圧ガス貯蔵タンク |
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| JP7463815B2 (ja) | 2020-04-01 | 2024-04-09 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | プリプレグ、繊維強化複合材、及び高圧ガス貯蔵タンク |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3444291A1 (en) | 2019-02-20 |
| KR102385052B1 (ko) | 2022-04-11 |
| TWI730067B (zh) | 2021-06-11 |
| US20190119435A1 (en) | 2019-04-25 |
| TW201736426A (zh) | 2017-10-16 |
| KR20180135893A (ko) | 2018-12-21 |
| EP3444291A4 (en) | 2019-03-20 |
| CN108699221A (zh) | 2018-10-23 |
| EP3444291B1 (en) | 2020-04-22 |
| JP6256666B1 (ja) | 2018-01-10 |
| JPWO2017179358A1 (ja) | 2018-04-19 |
| US10767001B2 (en) | 2020-09-08 |
| CN108699221B (zh) | 2020-12-01 |
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