WO2017179246A1 - Solid-liquid separating filtration system for organic waste material - Google Patents

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a solid-liquid separating filtration system for organic waste material that can appropriately treat liquids, remove excess salts from the solids, compost with high efficiency, and reduce sawdust, etc. used for moisture regulation. [Solution] A solid-liquid separating filtration system comprises: a box-shaped space S surrounded by side surfaces and a bottom surface that are impervious to water; culvert pipes 5 extending in the horizontal direction near the bottom surface of the box-shaped space; compost panel retaining wall 3, which has the upper edge of the box-shaped space as the position of the base 3c, is placed thereabove with a specified height on the entire upper edge except the inlet/outlet, and in which multiple vertical slits 3d have been made; and a gravel layer 9 formed from gravel that is filled at least in the entire box-shaped space.

Description

Solid-liquid separation and filtration system for organic waste

The present invention relates to a solid-liquid separation and filtration system for separating solid and liquid of organic waste containing liquid and solid.

In the field and paddy fields throughout Japan, organic matter in the soil has been decreasing for the past 30 years, and the physical and biological properties of the soil have deteriorated. Livestock excrement such as livestock manure contains abundant nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen as well as organic matter, and composting has been attempted (Non-patent Document 1). However, since livestock excreta have too much moisture for composting and are not breathable, a large amount of sawdust, rice husk, etc. are mixed as a moisture conditioner to increase the porosity in the material and ensure air permeability. There is a need. Moreover, in order to evaporate a water | moisture content with the fermentation heat at the time of composting fermentation, composting is performed by covering with a covered compost house (patent document 1) or a water-impervious sheet (non-patent document 2).

Originally, the fertilizer component contained in livestock excrement is more potassium than phosphorus and nitrogen required by agricultural crops, and the component ratio is potassium> nitrogen> phosphorus. In addition to this, when compost is produced using manure excrement under a covered compost house or a water shielding sheet, salts containing potassium and sodium will not be washed away by rainwater. There is a problem that a large amount remains.

In patent document 1, although it is an open-air grazing type | mold, it has the structure which prevents the overflow of facilities, such as livestock excrement etc. by rainfall, processes livestock excrement in the breeding place, uses recycling of excrement treated water, and living thing A livestock facility that promotes composting of resource materials (sawdust, etc.) and deodorizes manure is disclosed. This facility has a roof, is a box-shaped container, and has a water shielding structure to form a bedding layer made of bioresource materials for livestock grazing and excreted on the bedding layer. Manure is permeated into the bedding layer, filtered, collected in the active water tank through the sloped natural catchment floor, activated in the aging tank, and then sprayed on the bedding layer with a pump. It is a usage type. Solid excreta (solid) is composted with the bedding layer.

In patent document 2, the processing method and apparatus of livestock manure which can isolate | separate the manure which is livestock excrement into the press cake which has a low moisture content, and is easy to use as a fertilizer, and the filtrate with little smell and suitable for soil transpiration or spraying Is disclosed. In this method and apparatus, coarse solids are removed by a separator, and then agglomeration reaction is carried out in a reaction tank to agglomerate fine solids, and then a pressed cake (solid) and a filtrate (liquid) are separated by a filter press. Thereafter, the pressed cake is composted in a fermenter.

Patent Document 3 discloses a submerged artificial wetland system for purifying sewage. This is a system mainly for liquid treatment, and combines a two-stage vertical wetland that performs oxidative purification of wastewater and a single-stage horizontal wetland that performs reductive purification. Non-Patent Document 3 discloses a downflow type constructed wetland system obtained by further improving the downflow type constructed wetland system of Patent Document 3. In the system of Non-Patent Document 3, the area and the number of steps of the subsidence type constructed wetland system can be designed according to the amount and concentration of sewage, the local annual average temperature, and the target concentration of treated water.

JP 2004-337136 A JP 7-256296 A JP 2008-68211 A

However, the conventional technique has the following problems.
-Solid-liquid separation of livestock excrement cannot be performed, and treatment of lewy juice that exudes during composting is not considered (Non-patent Document 1).
-Since the upper surface of livestock excrement is covered with a water shielding sheet or roof, excess salts containing potassium and sodium, particularly potassium, remain as they are (Non-patent Document 1, Patent Document 1).
-In order to mechanically solid-liquid-separate livestock excrement, an exclusive apparatus and power source are required (patent document 2). Moreover, with a general solid-liquid separator, solid-liquid separation can be performed only up to about 20% of livestock excreta, and the livestock excrement cannot be sufficiently used for composting.
・ When a large amount of auxiliary materials such as sawdust and rice husk are added to the livestock excrement as a moisture adjusting material, it takes a lot of cost and labor to prepare these auxiliary materials.

In view of the above situation, an object of the present invention is to provide a solid-liquid separation and filtration system capable of appropriately separating solids and liquids of organic waste containing solids and liquids such as livestock excreta. In addition, when composting is performed in conjunction with solid-liquid separation, lewy juice generated in the composting process can be separated, excess salt can be removed from the solid and composted at a high rate, and for moisture adjustment An object of the present invention is to provide a solid-liquid separation and filtration system that can greatly reduce the auxiliary materials such as sawdust.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following configuration. Numbers in parentheses are reference numerals in the drawings described later, and are attached for reference.

The aspect of the solid-liquid separation and filtration system of the present invention includes a box-shaped space (S) surrounded by side and bottom surfaces having water-imperviousness,
A culvert tube (5) extending in a substantially horizontal direction near the bottom of the box-shaped space (S),
A wall portion (3a) that rises upward from the upper edge of the box-shaped space (S) at a predetermined height, and a plurality of vertical slits (3d) that are formed in the wall portion (3a); A composting wall retaining wall (3) installed in a part other than the entrance / exit of the entire circumference of the upper edge of the box-shaped space (S),
A gravel layer (9) formed by gravel filled at least in the entire box-shaped space (S).

In the above aspect, the upper edge of the box-shaped space (S) is rectangular in plan view, and the composting retaining wall (3) is installed on the other three sides with the one side (L1) of the rectangle as the entrance / exit It is preferred that

In the above aspect, the drainage groove (4) installed so as to surround the entire periphery of the upper edge of the box-shaped space (S), or to surround the portion other than the inlet / outlet of the entire periphery of the upper edge. It is preferable that the drainage groove (4) is installed outside the composting board retaining wall (3) at the place where the composting board retaining wall (3) is installed.

In the above embodiment, it is preferable that the gravel forming the gravel layer (9) is further filled up to a middle height of the wall portion (3a) of the composting retaining wall (3).

In the above aspect, it is preferable that the entire surface of the gravel layer (9) is a horizontal flat surface or is inclined so as to become higher toward the entrance / exit.
In the above aspect, it is preferable that the surface of the gravel layer (9) is inclined so as to become higher toward the inlet / outlet in the vicinity of the inlet / outlet.

In the above embodiment, the floor slab (11) having a predetermined thickness is provided so as to cover the entire surface of the gravel layer (9), and the floor slab (11) includes a plurality of slits ( 11a) is preferably formed.

In the above embodiment, a drainage conduit (6) having one end connected to the culvert tube (5) and extending outside through the side surface of the box-shaped space (S),
A drainage reservoir (8) connected to the drainage conduit (6) and having the other end of the drainage conduit (6) penetrating the side wall and opening into the internal space;
An air suction device (30) installed in the vicinity of the other end of the drainage conduit (6),
The air suction device (30)
A nozzle (33) installed inside the drainage conduit (6) so as to be able to inject air toward the opening of the drainage conduit (6);
And a blower (31) for pumping air to the nozzle (33).

In the above aspect, it is preferable that the side surface and the bottom surface of the box-shaped space (S) are covered with a water shielding sheet (2).

In the above aspect, the exhaust pipe (7) for exhausting air in the gravel layer (9) is further provided, and one end (7a) of the exhaust pipe (7) is connected to the end of the underdrain pipe (5) The other end (7b) is preferably opened to the atmosphere outside the box-shaped space (S).

According to the solid-liquid separation and filtration system of the present invention, when an organic waste containing solid and liquid is put on the surface of the gravel layer, the liquid is separated and filtered from the solid by permeating the gravel layer. Solids remain on the surface of the gravel layer while being discharged to the outside through a tube or through a slit in the retaining wall of the compost.

As a result, the liquid of organic waste containing solid and liquid and leki juice generated in the composting process can be appropriately separated from the solid. Furthermore, excess salts are removed from the remaining solid, the solid can be recovered and composted with high efficiency, and auxiliary materials such as sawdust for moisture adjustment can be greatly reduced or eliminated.

According to this system, when composting the remaining solids, solid-liquid separation can be performed up to about 40% of organic waste such as livestock excreta, so that more compost can be obtained than conventional mechanical solid-liquid separation. . In addition, since the top surface is open, salt is washed away by rainfall, so the nutrients in the obtained compost have a ratio of phosphorus> nitrogen> potassium compared to conventional compost, producing high quality compost as fertilizer it can. The production of high-quality compost promotes the use of compost in upland fields and paddy fields, and contributes to improving the physical and biological properties of the soil.

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing an outer structure of a solid-liquid separation and filtration system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line II of FIG. 1, and FIG. 2B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the entire system in which a gravel layer and organic waste are added to (a). 3A is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the entire system in which a gravel layer and organic waste are added to FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing the outer structure of the solid-liquid separation and filtration system in the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5A is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 4, and FIG. 5B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the entire system in which a gravel layer and organic waste are added to FIG. 6A is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 4, and FIG. 6B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the entire system in which a gravel layer and organic waste are added to FIG. FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view showing an outer structure of a solid-liquid separation and filtration system according to the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view taken along line VV in FIG. FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional view taken along line VI-VI in FIG. FIG. 10 is an enlarged plan view schematically showing an air suction device installed in the solid-liquid separation and filtration system of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
A suitable treatment target of the solid-liquid separation and filtration system of the present invention is livestock excrement such as livestock excreta in the livestock industry, but in addition, a slurry of dairy cows containing a relatively large amount of solid (fiber) or liquid The washing drainage of the milking parlor which occupies most can also be the processing object of the present invention. Further, the present invention is applicable not only to the livestock industry but also to organic waste containing liquids and solids generated in fisheries, agriculture, forestry, food processing, and the like.

(1) Configuration of First Embodiment FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing an outer structure of a solid-liquid separation and filtration system 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line II of FIG. 1, and FIG. 2B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the entire system in which a gravel layer and organic waste are added to (a). 3A is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the entire system in which a gravel layer and organic waste are added to FIG.

FIG. 1, FIG. 2 (a) and FIG. 3 (a) show the outer structure of the solid-liquid separation filtration system 1. FIG. This outer structure corresponds to the state excluding the gravel layer and organic waste shown in FIGS. 2 (b) and 3 (b). Hereinafter, each component will be described.

<Box space S>
This system has a box-shaped space S surrounded by a side surface and a bottom surface having water-impervious properties. The box-shaped space S is a hole formed by excavating the ground or embedding in a preferred example. Typically, it is a rectangular parallelepiped space as shown, but it may be a cylindrical shape or a polygonal prism shape. The bottom surface of the box-shaped space S is horizontal, but the contour shape of the side surface is arbitrary. The side surface is preferably a vertical surface, but may be an inclined surface inclined outward. When the box-shaped space S has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, examples of the size are a left-right direction of 14 m, a front-rear direction of 8 m, and a height of 1 m. The size of the box-shaped space S is appropriately set according to the amount of organic waste processed.

The water-imperviousness of the bottom and side surfaces of the box-shaped space S is ensured by laying the water-impervious sheet 2 in a preferred example. As another example, the bottom and side surfaces may be constructed with other water-impervious materials, and the bottom and side surfaces may be painted with a water-impervious material. The upper edge (upper end of the side surface) of the box-shaped space S is positioned higher than the ground surface of the surrounding ground so that water and earth and sand do not enter from the surroundings (see the side views of FIGS. 2 and 3). For this purpose, for example, embankment is performed around the box-shaped space S.

<Culvert tube 5>
In the vicinity of the bottom surface of the box-shaped space S, a culvert tube 5 extends substantially in the horizontal direction. The vicinity of the bottom surface includes a case where there is a gap between the bottom surface and the bottom surface. When there is a gap between the culvert tube 5 and the bottom surface, the gap is filled with gravel of the gravel layer 9 shown in FIGS. 2 (b) and 3 (b). In the illustrated example, two culvert tubes 5 are arranged in the left-right direction as indicated by reference numeral 5a, and three are indicated in the front-rear direction as indicated by reference numeral 5b. All of the plurality of culvert pipes 5 are connected, and the inside communicates.

A drainage conduit 6 is connected to one place of the culvert tube 5. The drainage conduit 6 extends through the side of the box-shaped space S to the outside of the box-shaped space S, and is connected to a drainage storage tank 8 installed outside. Since the drainage conduit 6 does not have a hole like the underdrain pipe 5, the drainage does not leak outside except the drainage storage tank 8, and the liquid does not enter from the outside.

The culvert tube 5 may be installed completely horizontally, but is preferably slightly inclined so that the liquid naturally converges toward the drainage conduit 6. That is, in the example shown in the drawing, the left and right underdrain tube 5a is slightly inclined so that the right side is lower, and the front and rear underdrain tube 5b is slightly inclined so that the rear side is lower. As shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the drainage conduit 6 is installed to be inclined toward the drainage storage tank 8.

The size, number and arrangement of the underdrain pipes 5 are appropriately set according to the size of the box-shaped space S or according to the amount of organic waste treated. As the underdrain pipe 5, an unglazed earth pipe or a polyethylene corrugated pipe can be employed. As the drainage conduit 6, a pipe made of vinyl chloride can be adopted. As an example, the underdrain pipe 5 has an inner diameter of 80 mm and an outer diameter of 95 mm.

<Exhaust pipe 7>
Preferably, one end 7a of the exhaust pipe 7 is connected to both ends of two culvert pipes 5a extending in the left-right direction. The exhaust pipe 7 penetrates the side surface of the box-shaped space S and extends in the horizontal direction in the ground. Further, the exhaust pipe 7 is folded upward in the vertical direction and appears on the ground surface, and extends to a predetermined height. The other end 7b of the exhaust pipe 7 is open to the atmosphere. The other end 7b of the exhaust pipe 7 is opened downward to avoid intrusion of rainwater or the like. The reason why the opening of the exhaust pipe 7 is provided not on the surface of the gravel layer 9 but outside the box-shaped space S is that it does not hinder the work performed on the surface of the gravel layer 9.

The exhaust pipe 7 is for exhausting the air in the gravel gap of the gravel layer 9 shown in FIGS. 2 (b) and 3 (b). Thereby, the filtration efficiency of the liquid in the gravel layer 9 improves. In FIG. 2B, the air flow is indicated by white arrows. Since the exhaust pipe 7 does not have a hole like the culvert pipe 5, the drainage liquid in the culvert pipe 5 does not leak to the outside through the exhaust pipe 7, and the liquid does not enter from the outside. As the exhaust pipe 7, a pipe made of vinyl chloride can be adopted. In the connecting portion, for example, a vinyl chloride tube having an inner diameter of 100 mm is fitted and inserted so as to overlap with each other by 30 cm or more so as to wrap a culvert tube having an outer diameter of 95 mm.

<Composting wall 3>
Further, a composting wall retaining wall 3 is installed so as to surround the upper edge of the box-shaped space S. In the illustrated example, a continuous compost holding wall 3 is formed by arranging a plurality of blocks in parallel. The composting board retaining wall 3 is installed in the other part of the entire circumference of the upper edge of the box-shaped space S except for the entrance / exit. In the example shown in the figure, the box-shaped space S has a rectangular parallelepiped shape and the upper edge is rectangular in plan view, so that the rectangular long side L1 is left as an entrance and exit, and the composting plate retaining wall 3 is installed on the other three sides. .

One block that forms the composting retaining wall 3 includes a wall portion 3a that rises upward at a predetermined height, a base portion 3b that supports the lower end of the wall portion 3a, and an outer base portion 3c. The bases 3b and 3c are in the shape of a flat plate having a predetermined thickness, and are respectively placed on the ground surface so as to extend horizontally inside and outside. A plurality of vertical slits 3d are formed in the wall 3a. The vertical slit 3d is an elongated through-hole extending from the height of the upper surface of the base portions 3b and 3c to the height near the top end of the wall portion 3a. The plurality of vertical slits 3d are arranged at predetermined intervals (not limited to equal intervals) in the width direction of the wall 3a.

Preferably, the composting retaining wall 3 is made of concrete. The position of the inner edge of the inner base portion 3b coincides with the position of the upper edge of the box-shaped space S. The height of the wall 3a is about 1.5 m to 2 m, and is appropriately set according to the amount of organic waste treated.

<Gravel layer 9>
Further, in this system, at least the entire box-shaped space S is filled with gravel and a gravel layer 9 is formed. Organic waste 10 is put on the surface of the gravel layer 9. Gravel is, for example, a stone composed of stones having a diameter of about 2 cm to 5 cm, or a mixture of stones of this size and finer pebbles or sand. The gravel of the gravel layer 9 in this system functions as a filter medium, that is, a filter material. The particle size and particle size distribution of gravel are appropriately selected depending on the required filtration performance.

As shown in FIGS. 2B and 3B, the gravel forming the gravel layer 9 is further filled up to the middle height of the wall portion 3a of the compost holding wall 3 in addition to the entire box-shaped space S. It is suitable. The intermediate height does not mean a half height, but an arbitrary height between the base portions 3b and 3c and the top end. For example, when the height of the wall 3a is 1.5 m, gravel is filled up to a height of about 30 cm from the lower end. Thereby, the base 3b inside the composting board retaining wall 3 is fixed by the weight of gravel. Therefore, even when the working machine operated on the surface of the gravel layer 9 contacts or collides with the composting retaining wall 3, the stability of the composting retaining wall 3 can be ensured.
The gravel layer 9 may be a flat surface whose entire surface is horizontal as in the illustrated example, but may be inclined such that the entire surface gradually increases toward the entrance / exit.

<Drainage groove 4>
Preferably, a drainage groove 4 having a U-shaped cross section is provided so as to surround the entire circumference of the upper edge of the box-shaped space S. As shown in FIGS. 1, 3 (a) and 3 (b), the drainage groove 4 surrounds the entire periphery of the box-shaped space S and drains from one place of the peripheral groove 4 a for receiving the liquid. It is composed of a guide groove 4 b for guiding the liquid to the storage tank 8. The peripheral groove 4a may be horizontal, but is preferably slightly inclined toward the guide groove 4b. The guide groove 4 b is inclined toward the drainage storage tank 8. A concrete U-shaped groove can be adopted as the drainage groove 4. Furthermore, it is preferable that the drainage groove 4 is provided with a lid 4c such as a lattice or a perforated plate so that dust or the like does not enter.

The drainage groove 4 is installed outside the wall portion 3a of the composting board retaining wall 3 at the place where the composting board retaining wall 3 is installed (three sides of the upper edge rectangle). At the place where the composting retaining wall 3 is not installed (one side L1 of the upper edge rectangle), the surface of the gravel layer 9 and the drainage groove 4 which are installed just outside the upper edge and filled in the box-shaped space S It is installed so that the height of the upper end is aligned. Since the drainage groove 4 along one side L1 of the rectangle is higher than the drainage groove 4 along the other three sides, an inclination is provided at both ends of the drainage groove 4 along the one side L1.

Preferably, at a place where the composting retaining wall 3 is located, the base 3c outside the composting retaining wall 3 and the drainage groove 4 are adjacent to each other. Thereby, the liquid discharged | emitted through the vertical slit 3d of the compost disc retaining wall 3 can flow in into the drainage groove 4 directly. In the illustrated example, the upper surface of the base 3c and the upper end of the drainage groove 4 coincide with each other. However, as another example, the upper end of the drainage groove 4 may be slightly lower than the upper surface of the base 3c. . As still another example, the drainage groove 4 may be placed on the upper surface of the base 3c outside the composting wall retaining wall 3. In this case, the position of the surface of the gravel layer 9 is the position of the upper end of the drainage groove 4. Make it higher.

(2) Usage Form of the First Embodiment Next, an example of usage form of the first embodiment of the solid-liquid separation and filtration system will be described with further reference to FIGS.

<Input process of organic waste>
As shown in FIGS. 2 (b) and 3 (b), organic waste 10 such as livestock excrement is put on the surface of the gravel layer 9. The organic waste 10 is a mixture containing a liquid and a solid. The input method is appropriately selected depending on the water content of the organic waste 10. If the amount of water is relatively large and pumping is possible, use a hose with a pump. If the amount of water is relatively low and pumping is not possible, use a working machine such as a bucket loader or burn cleaner. In any case, it is preferable that the newly introduced organic waste 10 is uniformly dispersed on the surface of the gravel layer 9.

<Solid-liquid separation and filtration process>
The liquid contained in the input organic waste 10 moves along a route indicated by a black arrow in FIGS. 2 (b) and 3 (b). One liquid path is a path that penetrates into the gravel layer 9 and slowly descends by gravity from the surface toward the bottom surface. In this route, the liquid is filtered by the gravel layer 9. The liquid that has reached the bottom surface stays in the vicinity of the bottom surface due to the water shielding sheet 2, but when the water level reaches the level of the underdrain pipe 5, it flows into the underdrain pipe 5 and is discharged through the drainage conduit 6. It is stored in the drainage storage tank 8. The air in the gravel layer 9 is released to the outside through the exhaust pipe 7, thereby facilitating the liquid descent and performing the filtration efficiently.

Another liquid path is a path that penetrates into the gravel layer 9 and is discharged from the vertical slit 3d of the composting disk retaining wall 3 relatively near the surface. The liquid flowing out through this path flows into the peripheral groove 4a of the drainage groove 4 and is stored in the drainage storage tank 8 through the guide groove 4b.

Since this system is installed outdoors and has no roof, the organic waste 10 is washed away by rain, so that the salt flows out together with the liquid. Thereby, excess salts in the solid remaining on the surface are reduced.

The drainage liquid collected in the drainage storage tank 8 by this system includes the liquid originally contained in the organic waste, leki juice generated during the composting process, and rainfall when composting.

<Composting process>
The composting process in the case of composting with this system will be described. The residue on the surface of the gravel layer 9 is a solid containing moderate moisture, and composting proceeds when left as it is. During composting, one or more bucket loaders are turned over at an appropriate time. When performing the reversing work, a bucket loader is loaded from the entrance and exit, and the surface solids are collected and reversed.

<Manure removal process>
The composting process has stages until it finally becomes fully mature. As an example, compost at the stage before ripeness may be taken out and transported to a field or the like for use. Ripe compost is good quality compost.

As another example, compost before maturity may be collected with a bucket loader and stacked on a part of the surface of the gravel layer 9 on a mountain having a height of 2 m or less, and composting may be continued until the maturity is achieved. By stacking, the heat retention effect of fermentation heat is obtained and composting is promoted. Further, organic waste can be newly added to the surface of the gravel layer 9 vacated by collecting compost in a part.

As another example, a part of fully composted compost may be mixed with newly introduced organic waste to be used as a moisture adjusting material and an inoculum for promoting composting.

<Solid treatment when composting is not performed in this system>
When composting is not performed in this system, the solid residue of solid waste separated into solid and liquid is collected by a work machine and carried out. Then, compost in another place, use as it is, or perform appropriate waste disposal.

<Drainage treatment>
The effluent stored in the effluent storage tank 8 is purified to the target water quality standard by using, for example, a submerged artificial wetland system such as Patent Document 3 or Non-Patent Document 3, and is discharged to a river or the like. Can do. As another example, after purifying by applying another purification treatment method, it may be discharged. As yet another example, if it can be used as it is as a fertilizer, it may be used as it is.

(3) Configuration of Second Embodiment Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The second embodiment is a form suitable for organic waste having a relatively large amount of liquid.

FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing an outer structure of a solid-liquid separation and filtration system 1A according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5A is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 4, and FIG. 5B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the entire system in which a gravel layer and organic waste are added to FIG. 6A is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 4, and FIG. 6B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the entire system in which a gravel layer and organic waste are added to FIG.

FIG. 4, FIG. 5 (a) and FIG. 6 (a) show the outer structure of the solid-liquid separation and filtration system 1A. This outer structure corresponds to the state excluding the gravel layer and organic waste shown in FIGS. 2 (b) and 3 (b). Hereinafter, the second embodiment will be mainly described with respect to a configuration different from the first embodiment, and the description of the same configuration as the first embodiment will be simplified.

In the solid-liquid separation and filtration system 1A, the box-shaped space S is rectangular in a plan view as in the first embodiment, and the compost holding wall 3 is provided around three sides other than the one side L1 serving as an entrance and exit. A drainage groove 4 is provided outside the panel retaining wall 3.

In the solid-liquid separation and filtration system 1A, the entire surface of the gravel layer 9 is not flat, and is inclined so as to become higher toward the side L1 in the vicinity of the side L1 serving as an inlet / outlet (see FIG. 6). In the illustrated example, the bottom surface of the box-shaped space S is a flat surface from the rear end in the front-rear direction to the position L2, and the culvert tube 5 is disposed on this flat surface portion. From the position of L2 in the box-shaped space S to the front end L1 'is an inclined side surface that increases toward the front end L1', and a portion between the front end L1 'and one side L1 is a vertical side surface. The surface of the gravel layer 9 is inclined so as to be higher along the inclined side surface. An organic waste 10 </ b> A having a relatively large amount of liquid is put on the surface of the gravel layer 9.

The entrance / exit position is the highest position on the surface of the gravel layer 9. In the second embodiment, the drainage groove 4 is not provided at the inlet / outlet, but is directly connected to the surrounding ground. The surrounding ground is raised to the same height as the surface of the gravel layer 9 at the entrance and exit.

(4) Usage Form of Second Embodiment Next, an example of usage form of the second embodiment of the solid-liquid separation and filtration system will be described with further reference to FIGS.

<Input process of organic waste>
As shown in FIGS. 5 (b) and 6 (b), the organic waste 10 </ b> A is put on the surface of the gravel layer 9. In this case, the organic waste 10A has a larger amount of liquid than the solid like the washing drainage of the milking parlor. Therefore, basically, a pump is used to supply with a hose.

<Solid-liquid separation and filtration process>
The organic waste 10 </ b> A having a relatively large amount of liquid accumulates at a low position on the surface of the gravel layer 9. Since the vicinity of the entrance / exit is as high as a bank, the organic waste 10A does not flow out of the entrance / exit. Since there is a lot of liquid, a part of the liquid flows out from the vertical slit 3 d before penetrating into the gravel layer 9, flows into the drainage groove 4, and is stored in the drainage storage tank 8. The liquid that has penetrated into the gravel layer 9 slowly descends by gravity from the surface toward the bottom, flows into the underdrain pipe 5, is discharged through the drainage conduit 6, and is stored in the drainage storage tank 8. The processing of the drainage stored in the drainage storage tank 8 is the same as in the first embodiment. Moreover, although it is a small amount compared with 1st Embodiment, it is the same as that of 1st Embodiment also about the process of the solid which remained on the surface of the gravel layer 9. FIG.

(5) Configuration of Third Embodiment Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the third embodiment, the efficiency of bucket loader work is improved, and the efficiency of liquid separation is considered.

FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view of a solid-liquid separation and filtration system 1B according to the third embodiment of the present invention. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line VV in FIG. 7, and FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line VI-VI in FIG. FIG. 10 is an enlarged plan view schematically showing an air suction device that can be suitably combined with the solid-liquid separation system 1B of the third embodiment.

7 to 9 show a state in which gravel layers 9 are formed by charging gravel in the box-shaped space of the solid-liquid separation and filtration system 1B. These figures do not show organic waste. Hereinafter, the third embodiment will be mainly described with respect to the configuration different from the first embodiment, and the description of the same configuration as the first embodiment will be simplified.

In the solid-liquid separation and filtration system 1B, the box-shaped space S is rectangular in plan view as in the first embodiment, and an inlet / outlet is provided at a part of one side L1 of the rectangle. A composting wall 3 is installed around the upper edge of the box-shaped space S other than the entrance / exit. A drainage groove 4 is provided outside the composting wall retaining wall 3.

In the solid-liquid separation and filtration system 1B, gravel is filled so that the upper edge of the box-shaped space S and the surface of the gravel layer 9 are basically at the same height position. A feature of the third embodiment is that a floor slab 11 is installed on the surface of the gravel layer 9. The floor slab 11 is a rigid plate having a predetermined thickness, and is preferably made of reinforced concrete.

Furthermore, the floor slab 11 is formed with a large number of slits 11a penetrating in the vertical direction. In the illustrated example, the slit 11a is a long and narrow through hole in plan view. A plurality of slits 11a are formed at predetermined intervals in the slit width direction, and a plurality of rows are formed in the slit length direction. In addition, gravel is filled also in the slit 11a so that an organic waste may not enter into the slit 11a. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the surface of the gravel layer 9 is substantially flush with the upper surface of the floor slab 11. Since the surface area of the gravel layer 9 in the present embodiment is the sum of the areas of the slits 11a of the floor slab 11, it is smaller than those in the first and second embodiments.

When installing the floor slab 11 made of reinforced concrete, first, a form of a predetermined shape is arranged on the surface of the gravel layer 9, and the reinforcing bars are installed vertically and horizontally. After that, concrete is placed on the formwork and solidified. Curing until the concrete solidifies. The formwork may be left as it is.

As shown in the figure, it is preferable that the peripheral portion of the floor slab 11 covers the base portion inside the composting board retaining wall 3. Thereby, the compost board retaining wall 3 is further stabilized. The floor slab 11 can be produced by using a steel material such as H steel in addition to the reinforced concrete. However, the floor slab 11 is advantageous in terms of cost.

By installing the floor slab 11, the running stability of the work machine is improved when working with a work machine such as a bucket loader. Further, when the solid on the surface of the floor slab 11 (solid from which the liquid has been separated, compost before ripeness, or ripe compost) is picked up with a bucket, the floor slab 11 is a hard flat surface, so the gravel layer 9 Compared with the case where they are picked up from the surface, only the solid can be picked up easily.

Preferably, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 9, the floor slab 11 is extended to the outside of the entrance / exit, and is inclined so as to become higher from the entrance / exit position 11 b toward the end portion 11 c. This extension is not provided with a slit. In the illustrated example, the end portion 11 c of the extended portion of the floor slab 11 is continuous with the floor of the composting house 20. In the compost house 20, for example, organic waste such as manure discharged from a livestock barn such as a cow barn provided next thereto is accumulated. Those organic wastes can be transferred to the solid-liquid separation and filtration system 1B through an extended portion of the inclined floor slab 11. By providing an inclination in this part, the organic waste does not go backward.

Referring to FIGS. 7 and 9, there is shown a drainage conduit 6 that connects between the culvert tube 5 and the drainage storage tank 8. One end of the drainage conduit 6 is connected to the underdrain pipe 5 in the box-shaped space S. The other end of the drainage conduit 6 penetrates the side wall of the drainage storage tank 8 and protrudes into the internal space of the drainage storage tank 8. An air suction device 30 is installed in the vicinity of the other end of the drainage conduit 6.

Since the solid-liquid separation and filtration system 1B has the floor slab 11 installed as described above, the contact area between the organic waste and the gravel layer 9 is substantially reduced. The ability to guide liquid into it is lower than in the first and second embodiments. The air suction device 30 is provided to compensate for this drawback.

FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view in which a region near the air suction device 30 shown in FIG. 7 is enlarged. In the internal space of the drainage reservoir 8, for example, a suction pipe 34 having substantially the same diameter is connected to the other end of the drainage conduit 6. In FIG. 10, a part of the tube wall of the suction tube 34 is cut away. The suction tube 34 is substantially an extension of the drainage conduit 6. The tip of the suction pipe 34 opens into the internal space of the drainage reservoir 8. Accordingly, the opening of the suction pipe 34 is substantially the opening of the drainage conduit 6.

A nozzle 33 is disposed inside the suction pipe 34. The nozzle 33 is preferably arranged at an appropriate distance from the opening of the suction tube 34. The nozzle 33 extends on the central axis of the suction pipe 34, and its injection port faces the opening of the suction pipe 34. The feed pipe 32 connected to the rear part of the nozzle 33 passes through the pipe wall of the suction pipe 34 and further passes through the side wall of the drainage reservoir 8 and extends to the outside. The pipe 32 is connected to the blower 31. When the blower 31 is operated, high-pressure air is transferred to the nozzle 33 through the feed pipe 32. Note that the piping path of the feed pipe 32 outside the suction pipe 34 is arbitrary. As another example, the pipe 32 may pass through the pipe wall of the suction pipe 34 and then exit from the upper end opening of the drainage storage tank 8 and be connected to the blower 31.

(6) Usage Pattern of Third Embodiment Next, an example of usage pattern of the third embodiment of the solid-liquid separation and filtration system will be described with further reference to FIGS.

<Input process of organic waste>
As an example, the organic waste accumulated in the compost house 20 shown in FIG. 7 is moved onto the floor slab 11 of the solid-liquid separation and filtration system 1B using a bucket loader. The newly introduced organic waste is uniformly dispersed on the floor slab 11.

<Solid-liquid separation and filtration process>
The movement path of the liquid contained in the organic waste is basically the same as in the first and second embodiments described above. The treatment of the solid remaining on the floor slab 11 is basically the same as in the first and second embodiments described above. In the present embodiment, the air suction device 30 is operated to compensate for the small contact area between the organic waste and the gravel layer 9.

When operating the air suction device 30, first, the opening of the exhaust pipe 7 connected to the underdrain pipe 5 is closed as shown in FIG. For this purpose, for example, closing means such as a lid 7 c that can be opened and closed is attached to the opening of the exhaust pipe 7. As another example, a valve may be attached instead of the lid.

Subsequently, the blower 31 is started. Referring to FIG. 10, the air fed through the feed pipe 32 is jetted from the jet port of the nozzle 33 toward the opening of the suction pipe 34. Thereby, the air flow F1 by high pressure air is produced | generated. In order to generate a stable air flow F1 having a predetermined strength, the distance between the nozzle 33 and the opening of the suction pipe 34 is preferably set to an appropriate length. If the distance is too short, a strong and stable air flow F1 cannot be obtained.

When the air flow F1 is generated, the pressure behind the nozzle 33, that is, the internal space of the drainage conduit 6, becomes negative. As a result, an air flow F2 is generated. The air flow F2 is a suction flow that sucks air inside the underdrain pipe 5 of the solid-liquid separation and filtration system 1B. Further, the air flow F2 sucks air in the gravel gap of the gravel layer 9 and sucks liquid through the gap. Since the exhaust pipe 7 is closed, the suction force by the air flow F2 acts on the surface of the gravel layer 9, that is, the surface of gravel filled in the slit 11a of the floor slab 11. As a result, the air flow F2 causes liquid to be drawn into the gravel layer 9 from the organic waste that contacts the gravel surface. Inside the culvert tube 5 and the drainage conduit 6, the liquid flows in the lower part of the space, and the air flow F2 flows in the space above the liquid.

Furthermore, when the air flow F2 also draws ambient air through the organic waste contacting the gravel surface, the air passes through the organic waste, and the effect of promoting composting by an aerobic reaction is also obtained. It is done.

In this way, the separation of the liquid from the organic waste is facilitated by the suction flow generated by the air suction device 30. In this embodiment, in addition to the drop of the liquid due to gravity, the efficiency of solid-liquid separation is improved by forcibly sucking the liquid.

Note that the air suction device 30 applied to the third embodiment can also be applied to the first and second embodiments described above.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1A solid-liquid separation filtration system 2 Water shielding sheet 3 Manure board retaining wall 4 Drainage groove 5 Underdrain pipe 6 Drainage pipe 7 Exhaust pipe 8 Drainage storage tank 9, 9A Gravel layer 10, 10A Organic waste 11 With slit Slab 20 Compost 30 Air suction device 31 Blower 32 Feed pipe 33 Nozzle 34 Suction pipe
S Box-shaped space

Claims (10)

1. A box-shaped space (S) surrounded by side and bottom surfaces with water-imperviousness,
   A culvert tube (5) extending in a substantially horizontal direction near the bottom of the box-shaped space (S),
   A wall portion (3a) that rises upward from the upper edge of the box-shaped space (S) at a predetermined height, and a plurality of vertical slits (3d) that are formed in the wall portion (3a); A composting wall retaining wall (3) installed in a part other than the entrance / exit of the entire circumference of the upper edge of the box-shaped space (S),
   A solid-liquid separation and filtration system comprising: a gravel layer (9) formed of gravel filled at least in the entire box-shaped space (S).
2. 2. The solid-liquid according to claim 1, wherein an upper edge of the box-shaped space (S) is rectangular in a plan view, and one side (L1) of the rectangle or a part of one side is used as the inlet / outlet. Separation filtration system.
3. A drainage groove (4) installed so as to surround the entire periphery of the upper edge of the box-shaped space (S) or to surround a portion other than the inlet / outlet of the entire periphery of the upper edge, 3. The drainage groove (4) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the drainage groove (4) is installed outside the composting wall retaining wall (3) at a place where the composting retaining wall (3) is installed. The solid-liquid separation and filtration system described.
4. The gravel forming the gravel layer (9) is further filled up to a height in the middle of the wall portion (3a) of the composting retaining wall (3). The solid-liquid separation and filtration system described.
5. The solid surface according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the entire surface of the gravel layer (9) is a horizontal flat surface or is inclined so as to become higher toward the entrance / exit. Liquid separation filtration system.
6. The solid-liquid separation filtration according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a surface of the gravel layer (9) is inclined so as to become higher toward the inlet / outlet in the vicinity of the inlet / outlet. system.
7. It has a floor slab (11) of a predetermined thickness installed so as to cover the entire surface of the gravel layer (9), and the floor slab (11) forms a number of slits (11a) penetrating in the vertical direction The solid-liquid separation and filtration system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein
8. A drainage conduit (6) having one end connected to the culvert tube (5) and extending outside through the side surface of the box-shaped space (S);
   A drainage reservoir (8) connected to the drainage conduit (6) and having the other end of the drainage conduit (6) penetrating the side wall and opening into the internal space;
   An air suction device (30) installed in the vicinity of the other end of the drainage conduit (6),
   The air suction device (30)
   A nozzle (33) installed inside the drainage conduit (6) so as to be able to inject air toward the opening of the drainage conduit (6);
   The solid-liquid separation and filtration system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a blower (31) for pumping air to the nozzle (33).
9. The solid-liquid separation and filtration system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a side surface and a bottom surface of the box-shaped space (S) are covered with a water shielding sheet (2).
10. The exhaust pipe (7) for exhausting air in the gravel layer (9) is further provided, and one end (7a) of the exhaust pipe (7) is connected to the end of the underdrain pipe (5) and the other end The solid-liquid separation and filtration system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein (7b) opens into the atmosphere outside the box-shaped space (S).
    
    
    
    

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