JPWO2017179246A1 - Solid-liquid separation filtration system for organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a solid-liquid separation and filtration system for organic wastes which can properly treat a liquid, can remove excess salts from solids, can be highly efficiently composted, and can reduce sawdust and the like for moisture adjustment. A solid-liquid separation filtration system comprises a box-shaped space (S) surrounded by a side and a bottom having a water barrier, an underdrain pipe (5) extending horizontally in the vicinity of the bottom of the box-shaped empty, and a box The upper edge of the space is a position of the base portion 3c at a predetermined height above the composting wall 3 installed at a portion other than the entrance and exit of the entire circumference of the upper edge and having a plurality of vertical slits 3d drilled And a gravel layer 9 formed of gravel filled in at least the entire box-shaped space. [Selected figure] Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a solid-liquid separation filtration system for separating solid and liquid of organic waste containing liquid and solid.

  In upland fields and paddy fields throughout Japan, organic matter in the soil has tended to decrease for the past 30 years, and the physical properties and biological properties of the soil have become worse. Livestock excrement such as livestock manure contains abundant nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen as well as organic matter, and composting has been attempted (Non-patent Document 1). However, livestock excrement has too much moisture to be composted and there is no air permeability, so a large amount of sawdust, rice husk, etc. is mixed as a moisture control agent to increase the porosity in the material to ensure air permeability. There is a need. Moreover, in order to evaporate moisture by the fermentation heat at the time of composting fermentation, composting is performed by covering with a covered compost house (patent document 1) or a water blocking sheet (non-patent document 2).

  Originally, the fertilizer component contained in livestock excrement is an excess of potassium over phosphorus and nitrogen required by agricultural crops, and the component ratio of potassium> nitrogen> phosphorus is obtained. In addition to this, when compost is produced under a covered composting house or a water blocking sheet using livestock excrement, salts containing potassium and sodium will not be washed away with rainwater, so these salts can be added during composting. There is a problem that a large amount remains.

  Patent Document 1 describes an open-air grazing type, which has a structure for preventing extravasation such as livestock excrement due to rainfall, treats livestock excrement at a breeding place, regenerates and recycles excrement treated water, and organisms. A stock raising facility has been disclosed that promotes composting of resource materials (sawdust, etc.) and deodorization of manure. This facility is covered and forms a bedding layer of biological resources for rearing livestock in open space grazing livestock facilities in a box-shaped container-like, water-insulated livestock facility, and is excreted on the bedding layer. Manure is permeated into the bed, filtered, collected in the active water tank through the sloped natural water collecting floor, activated in the aging tank, and then sprayed in the bed with the circulation, for the fluid It is a use type. Solid excrement (solid) is composted together with the bedding layer.

  In Patent Document 2, a method and an apparatus for processing feces and urine of livestock which can be separated into a pressed cake which has low moisture content and is easy to use as fertilizer, and a filtrate which has little odor and is suitable for soil evaporation or spraying. Is disclosed. In this method and apparatus, the coarse solid content is removed by the separator, and then the aggregation reaction is performed in the reaction tank to coagulate the fine solid content, and then the pressed cake (solid) and the filtrate (liquid) are separated by the filter press. The pressed cake is then composted in a fermenter.

  Patent Document 3 discloses a submerged artificial wetland system for purifying sewage. This is a system mainly for liquid treatment, combining two vertical wetlands for oxidative purification of sewage and one horizontal wetland for reductive purification. Non-Patent Document 3 discloses a submerged flow artificial wetland system which is a further improvement of the submerged flow artificial wetland system of Patent Document 3. In the system of Non-Patent Document 3, the area and the number of stages of the undercut artificial wetland system can be designed according to the amount and concentration of waste water, the local annual average temperature, and the target concentration of treated water.

JP 2004-337136 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-256296 JP 2008-68211 A

"Bunker silo storage facility" Abe Hidenori (December 2002) Hokkaido Livestock Experiment Station, Livestock Environmental Information No.19 "Simplified storage facility using sheets" Abe Hidenori (December 2002) Hokkaido Livestock Experiment Station, Livestock Environmental Information No. 19 "Design and performance of hybridconstructed wetland systems for high-content waterwater treatment in-the-coldclimate of Hokkaido, northern Japan" K. Kato, T. Inoue, H. Ietsugu, H. Sasaki, J. Harada, K. Kitagawa and P. K. Sharma (2013) Water Science and Technology, 146-76 (7)

However, according to the prior art, there are the following problems.
-Solid-liquid separation of livestock excrement can not be performed, and the treatment of lexi juice exuded in the composting process is not taken into consideration (Non-patent Document 1).
-Since the upper surface of livestock excrement is covered with a water blocking sheet or a roof, excess salts containing potassium and sodium, particularly potassium, remain as they are (Non-Patent Document 1, Patent Document 1).
-A dedicated device and power source are required to mechanically separate solid-liquid separation of livestock excrement (Patent Document 2). Moreover, in a general solid-liquid separation apparatus, solid-liquid separation can be performed only to about 20% of livestock excrement at most, and livestock excrement can not be sufficiently used for composting.
-When a large amount of auxiliary materials such as sawdust and rice husks are added to livestock excrement as moisture control agents, preparation of these auxiliary materials requires a large amount of cost and labor.

  In view of the above-mentioned present situation, the present invention aims to provide a solid-liquid separation and filtration system capable of appropriately separating solid and liquid of organic waste including solid and liquid such as livestock excrement. Furthermore, when composting is carried out in combination with solid-liquid separation, it is possible to separate the lexi juice generated in the composting process, to remove excess salts from the solid and to compost at a high rate, and for moisture adjustment It is an object of the present invention to provide a solid-liquid separation filtration system capable of significantly reducing auxiliary materials such as sawdust.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned subject, the present invention provides the following composition. The numerals in the parentheses are reference numerals in the drawings to be described later, and are attached for reference.

An aspect of the solid-liquid separation filtration system of the present invention is a box-shaped space (S) surrounded by a side and a bottom having a water blocking property;
An underdrain pipe (5) extending substantially horizontally in the vicinity of the bottom of the box-like space (S);
It comprises a wall (3a) standing upright at a predetermined height from the upper edge of the box-shaped space (S) and a plurality of longitudinal slits (3d) drilled in the wall (3a) Compost board retaining wall (3) installed in the part other than the entrance and exit of the entire perimeter of the upper edge of the box-shaped space (S),
And a gravel layer (9) formed of gravel filled in at least the entire box-shaped space (S).

  In the above embodiment, the upper edge of the box-shaped space (S) is rectangular in plan view, and one side (L1) of the rectangle is used as the entrance and exit, and the composting panel retaining wall (3) is installed on the other three sides. Is preferred.

  In the above aspect, the drainage groove (4) is provided so as to surround the entire periphery of the upper edge of the box-shaped space (S), or to surround a portion of the entire periphery of the upper edge other than the inlet and outlet. It is preferable that the drainage groove (4) is installed on the outside of the compost rack retaining wall (3) at the place where the compost rack retaining wall (3) is installed.

  In the above aspect, it is preferable that the gravel forming the gravel layer (9) is further filled to an intermediate height of the wall portion (3a) of the compost board retaining wall (3).

In the above aspect, it is preferable that the entire surface of the gravel layer (9) is a horizontal flat surface or inclined so as to be higher toward the entrance and exit.
In the above aspect, it is preferable that the surface of the gravel layer (9) be inclined so as to be higher toward the inlet / outlet in the vicinity of the inlet / outlet.

  In the above aspect, it has a floor slab (11) of a predetermined thickness installed so as to cover the entire surface of the gravel layer (9), and the floor slab (11) has a large number of slits (vertically penetrating) Preferably, 11a) is formed.

In the above aspect, the drainage conduit (6) is connected at one end to the underdrain pipe (5) and extends to the outside through the side of the box-shaped space (S).
A drainage reservoir (8) connected to the drainage conduit (6), and the other end of the drainage conduit (6) penetrates the side wall and opens into the internal space;
An air suction device (30) installed in the vicinity of the other end of the drainage conduit (6);
The air suction device (30) is
A nozzle (33) installed inside the drainage conduit (6) such that air can be jetted toward the opening of the drainage conduit (6);
It is preferable to have a blower (31) for pumping air to the nozzle (33).

  In the said aspect, it is suitable that the side surface and bottom face of the said box-shaped space (S) are covered by the water-impervious sheet (2).

  In the above-mentioned mode, the exhaust pipe (7) for exhausting the air in the gravel layer (9) is further provided, and one end (7a) of the exhaust pipe (7) is connected to the end of the underdrain pipe (5) And the other end (7b) is preferably open to the atmosphere outside the box-like space (S).

  According to the solid-liquid separation filtration system of the present invention, when organic waste containing solid and liquid is introduced to the surface of the gravel layer, the liquid is separated and filtered from the solid by penetrating into the gravel layer, and Solids remain on the surface of the gravel layer while being discharged to the outside through the tubes or through the slits of the composting plate retaining wall.

  As a result, it is possible to properly separate liquid of organic waste including solid and liquid and lye juice generated in the process of composting from solid. Furthermore, excess salts are removed from the remaining solid, and the solid can be recovered with high efficiency for composting, and auxiliary materials such as sawdust for water control can be significantly reduced or eliminated.

  According to this system, when composting remaining solids, solid-liquid separation is possible up to about 40% of organic waste such as livestock excrement, so more compost can be obtained than conventional mechanical solid-liquid separation . In addition, since the salt is washed away by rainfall because the upper surface is open, the nutrient salt in the obtained compost becomes a component ratio of phosphorus> nitrogen> potassium as compared with conventional compost, and produces high quality compost as fertilizer it can. The ability to produce good quality compost promotes the use of compost in upland fields and paddy fields, and can contribute to the improvement of soil physical properties and biological properties.

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing the shell of the solid-liquid separation filtration system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig.2 (a) is a schematic sectional drawing along the II line of FIG. 1, (b) is a schematic sectional drawing of the whole system which added the gravel layer and the organic waste to (a). Fig.3 (a) is a schematic sectional drawing along the II-II line of FIG. 1, (b) is a schematic sectional drawing of the whole system which added the gravel layer and the organic waste to (a). FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing the shell of the solid-liquid separation filtration system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Fig.5 (a) is a schematic sectional drawing along the III-III line of FIG. 4, (b) is a schematic sectional drawing of the whole system which added the gravel layer and the organic waste to (a). Fig.6 (a) is a schematic sectional drawing along the IV-IV line of FIG. 4, (b) is a schematic sectional drawing of the whole system which added the gravel layer and the organic waste to (a). FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view showing the shell of the solid-liquid separation filtration system according to the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view along the line V-V in FIG. FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line VI-VI of FIG. FIG. 10 is an enlarged plan view schematically showing an air suction device installed in the solid-liquid separation filtration system of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The preferred object to be treated by the solid-liquid separation filtration system of the present invention is livestock excrement such as livestock manure in the livestock industry, but in addition, the slurry or liquid of dairy cows containing a relatively large amount of solids (fibers) The cleaning drainage of the milking parlor which occupies most of the cases can also be the object of the present invention. The present invention is also applicable to organic wastes including liquids and solids generated not only in livestock industry, but also in fishery industry, agriculture, forestry, food processing industry and the like.

(1) Configuration of First Embodiment FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing an outer shell structure of a solid-liquid separation filtration system 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig.2 (a) is a schematic sectional drawing along the II line of FIG. 1, (b) is a schematic sectional drawing of the whole system which added the gravel layer and the organic waste to (a). Fig.3 (a) is a schematic sectional drawing along the II-II line of FIG. 1, (b) is a schematic sectional drawing of the whole system which added the gravel layer and the organic waste to (a).

  FIG. 1, FIG. 2 (a) and FIG. 3 (a) have shown the shell structure of the solid-liquid separation filtration system 1. As shown in FIG. This shell structure corresponds to the state excluding the gravel layer and the organic waste shown in FIGS. 2 (b) and 3 (b). Each component will be described below.

<Box space S>
The present system has a box-shaped space S surrounded by side and bottom having water blocking. The box-shaped space S is, in a preferred example, a hole formed by digging or filling the ground. Typically, it is a rectangular parallelepiped space as shown, but it may be cylindrical or polygonal. The bottom of the box-shaped space S is horizontal, but the contour of the side is arbitrary. The side surface is preferably a vertical surface, but may be an outwardly sloping inclined surface. When the box-shaped space S has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, an example of the size is 14 m in the left-right direction, 8 m in the front-rear direction, and 1 m in height. The size of the box-shaped space S is appropriately set according to the amount of organic waste to be treated.

  In the preferred embodiment, the water blocking of the bottom and sides of the box-shaped space S is secured by laying the water blocking sheet 2. As another example, the bottom and the side may be constructed with other water-impervious material, and the bottom and the side may be coated with the water-impervious material. The upper edge (upper end of the side surface) of the box-shaped space S is positioned higher than the ground surface of the surrounding ground so that water and soil do not enter from the surrounding (see side views in FIGS. 2 and 3). For this purpose, for example, earth filling is performed around the box-shaped space S.

<Back tube 5>
In the vicinity of the bottom of the box-shaped space S, the underdrain pipe 5 is extended in a substantially horizontal direction. The vicinity of the bottom includes a case in which the bottom is in contact with the bottom and a gap between the bottom and the bottom. When there is a gap between the underdrain pipe 5 and the bottom surface, the gap is filled with the gravel of the gravel layer 9 shown in FIGS. 2 (b) and 3 (b). In the illustrated example, in the illustrated example, two tubes 5a in the lateral direction and three tubes 5b in the front-rear direction are disposed. The plurality of underdrain tubes 5 are all connected and communicate with each other.

  A drainage conduit 6 is connected to one portion of the underdrain pipe 5. The drainage conduit 6 extends through the side surface of the box-shaped space S to the outside of the box-shaped space S, and is connected to the drainage storage tank 8 installed outside. Since the drainage conduit 6 does not have a hole like the underdrain pipe 5, the drainage does not leak to the outside except for the drainage storage tank 8, and the liquid does not infiltrate from the outside.

  The underdrain pipe 5 may be installed completely horizontally, but is preferably slightly inclined so that the liquid naturally converges towards the drainage conduit 6. That is, in the illustrated example, the left and right underdrain tube 5a is slightly inclined so that the right side is lower, and the back and forth direction underdrain tube 5b is slightly inclined so that the rear side is lower. As shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the drainage conduit 6 is installed so as to be lowered toward the drainage storage tank 8. As shown in FIG.

  The size, the number, and the arrangement of the underdrain pipe 5 are appropriately set in accordance with the size of the box-shaped space S or in accordance with the throughput of the organic waste. As the underdrain pipe 5, a unglazed earth pipe, a polyethylene corrugated pipe or the like can be adopted. A vinyl chloride pipe can be employed as the drainage conduit 6. As one example, the underdrain tube 5 has an inner diameter of 80 mm and an outer diameter of 95 mm.

<Exhaust pipe 7>
Preferably, one end 7a of the exhaust pipe 7 is connected to both ends of the two underdrain pipes 5a extending in the left-right direction. The exhaust pipe 7 penetrates the side of the box-shaped space S, extends horizontally in the ground, and is bent upward in the vertical direction to appear on the surface and extend to a predetermined height. The other end 7b of the exhaust pipe 7 is open to the atmosphere. The other end 7b of the exhaust pipe 7 opens downward to avoid the infiltration of rain water and the like. The reason that the opening of the exhaust pipe 7 is provided not on the surface of the gravel layer 9 but outside the box-shaped space S is because it does not interfere with the work performed on the surface of the gravel layer 9.

  The exhaust pipe 7 is for exhausting the air in the gravel gap of the gravel layer 9 shown in FIGS. 2 (b) and 3 (b). Thereby, the filtration efficiency of the liquid in the gravel layer 9 improves. The air flow is indicated by white arrows in FIG. Since the exhaust pipe 7 has no hole like the underdrain pipe 5, the drainage in the underdrain pipe 5 does not leak to the outside through the exhaust pipe 7, and the liquid does not enter from the outside. A pipe made of vinyl chloride can be employed as the exhaust pipe 7. In the connecting portion, for example, a vinyl chloride tube with an inner diameter of 100 mm is inserted so as to overlap each other by 30 cm or more so as to wrap a dark-sink tube with an outer diameter of 95 mm.

<Compost board retaining wall 3>
Furthermore, the compost board retaining wall 3 is installed so as to surround the upper edge of the box-shaped space S. In the illustrated example, a plurality of blocks are juxtaposed to form a continuous composting panel retaining wall 3. The compost board retaining wall 3 is installed in the remaining part of the entire periphery of the upper edge of the box-shaped space S except for the entrance and exit. In the illustrated example, since the box-shaped space S has a rectangular parallelepiped shape and the upper edge is rectangular in plan view, leaving the long side L1 of the rectangle as an entrance and exit, the composting panel retaining wall 3 is installed on the other three sides .

  One block forming the composting panel retaining wall 3 is composed of a wall 3a standing upward with a predetermined height, a base 3b supporting the lower end of the wall 3a, and an outer base 3c. The base portions 3b and 3c are flat plates having a predetermined thickness, and are respectively horizontally laid on the inside and the outside and placed on the ground surface. A plurality of vertical slits 3d are formed in the wall 3a. The vertical slit 3d is an elongated through hole extending from the height of the upper surface of the base 3b, 3c to the height near the top end of the wall 3a. The plurality of vertical slits 3d are arranged at predetermined intervals (not limited to equal intervals) in the width direction of the wall 3a.

  Preferably, the composting panel retaining wall 3 is made of concrete. The position of the inner edge of the inner base 3b coincides with the position of the upper edge of the box-shaped space S. The height of the wall 3a is about 1.5 m to 2 m, and is appropriately set according to the amount of organic waste to be treated.

<Gravel layer 9>
Furthermore, in the present system, gravel is filled in at least the entire box-shaped space S to form the gravel layer 9. Organic waste 10 is introduced to the surface of the gravel layer 9. The gravel is, for example, one composed of stones of about 2 cm to 5 cm in diameter, or a mixture of stones of this size and smaller pebbles and sand. The gravel of the gravel layer 9 in the present system functions as a filter material, that is, a filter material. The particle size and particle size distribution of the gravel are appropriately selected according to the required filtration performance.

As shown in FIG. 2 (b) and FIG. 3 (b), the gravel forming the gravel layer 9 is further filled to the middle height of the wall portion 3 a of the compost retaining wall 3 in addition to the entire box-shaped space S Is preferred. The middle height does not mean half the height but means any height between the base 3b, 3c and the top end. For example, when the height of the wall 3a is 1.5 m, gravel is filled to a height of about 30 cm from the lower end. Thereby, the base 3b inside the compost board retaining wall 3 is fixed by the weight of the gravel. Therefore, even when the working machine operated on the surface of the gravel layer 9 contacts or collides with the composting panel retaining wall 3, the stability of the composting panel retaining wall 3 can be ensured.
The gravel layer 9 may be a flat surface whose entire surface is horizontal as shown in the example shown, but may be inclined so that the entire surface gradually rises toward the entrance and exit.

<Drainage groove 4>
Preferably, a drainage groove 4 having a U-shaped cross section is provided so as to surround the entire circumference of the upper edge of the box-shaped space S. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the drainage groove 4 surrounds the entire periphery of the box-shaped space S, a peripheral groove 4a for receiving liquid, and drainage from one position of the peripheral groove 4a. It comprises the guiding groove 4 b for guiding the liquid to the storage tank 8. The peripheral groove 4a may be horizontal, but is preferably slightly inclined toward the guide groove 4b. The guiding groove 4 b is inclined toward the drainage storage tank 8. A concrete U-shaped groove can be adopted as the drainage groove 4. Furthermore, it is preferable to provide the drainage groove 4 with a lid 4 c such as a lattice or a perforated plate so that dust and the like do not enter.

  The drainage ditch 4 is installed outside the wall portion 3 a of the compost rack retaining wall 3 at the places where the compost rack retaining wall 3 is installed (three sides of the rectangular shape of the upper edge). The surface of the gravel layer 9 and the drainage groove 4 which are disposed immediately outside the upper edge and filled in the box-shaped space S at the portion where the composting panel retaining wall 3 is not installed (the rectangular edge L1 of the upper edge) It is installed so that the height of the upper end is aligned. Since the drainage grooves 4 along one side L1 of the rectangle are at a higher position than the drainage grooves 4 along the other three sides, slopes are provided at both end portions of the drainage grooves 4 along one side L1.

  Preferably, at the location where the composting panel retaining wall 3 is located, the outer base 3 c of the composting panel retaining wall 3 is adjacent to the drainage groove 4. Thereby, the liquid discharged to the outside through the vertical slits 3 d of the composting panel retaining wall 3 can directly flow into the drainage groove 4. In the illustrated example, the upper surface of the base 3c and the upper end of the drainage groove 4 coincide with each other, but as another example, the upper end of the drainage groove 4 may be slightly lower than the upper surface of the base 3c . As still another example, the drainage groove 4 may be placed on the upper surface of the base 3 c outside the composting panel retaining wall 3, but in this case, the position of the surface of the gravel layer 9 is the position of the upper end of the drainage groove 4 Make it higher.

(2) Use form of 1st Embodiment Next, with reference to FIGS. 1-3, an example of a use form of 1st Embodiment of a solid-liquid separation filtration system is demonstrated.

Organic waste input process
As shown in FIG. 2 (b) and FIG. 3 (b), organic waste 10 such as livestock excrement is put on the surface of the gravel layer 9. The organic waste 10 is a mixture containing liquid and solid. Depending on the moisture content of the organic waste 10, the charging method is appropriately selected. If the water content is relatively large and pumpable, use a pump and feed with a hose. If the amount of water is relatively small and it is not possible to pump, feed using a working machine such as a bucket loader or a burn cleaner. In any case, it is preferable to uniformly disperse the newly input organic waste 10 on the surface of the gravel layer 9.

<Solid-liquid separation filtration process>
The liquid contained in the input organic waste 10 moves in the path shown by the black arrow in FIG. 2 (b) and FIG. 3 (b). One liquid path is a path which penetrates the gravel layer 9 and descends slowly from the surface to the bottom by gravity. In this path, filtration of the liquid by the gravel layer 9 is performed. The liquid reaching the bottom remains in the vicinity of the bottom due to the presence of the water blocking sheet 2, but when the water level reaches the height of the underdrain 5, it flows into the underdrain 5 and is discharged through the drainage conduit 6, It is stored in the drainage storage tank 8. The air in the gravel layer 9 is released to the outside through the exhaust pipe 7 to promote the liquid descent and filter can be performed efficiently.

  Another liquid path is a path which penetrates the gravel layer 9 and is discharged from the vertical slits 3 d of the composting wall 3 relatively near the surface. The liquid that has flowed out through this route flows into the peripheral groove 4a of the drainage groove 4 and is stored in the drainage storage tank 8 through the guiding groove 4b.

  Since this system is provided outdoors and has no roof, the washing of the organic waste 10 by rainfall causes the salts to flow out with the liquid. This reduces excess salts in the solid remaining on the surface.

  The drainage collected in the drainage storage tank 8 in the present system includes the liquid originally contained in the organic waste, and, when composting is performed, it includes the juice generated during the composting process and rainfall.

<Composting process>
The composting process in the case of composting by this system will be described. The residue on the surface of the gravel layer 9 is a solid containing appropriate moisture, and composting progresses when left as it is. While composting is in progress, one or more bucket loaders switch back and forth at appropriate times. When switching work, load the bucket loader from the entrance and exit, collect surface solids, and switch back.

<Takeoff process of compost>
The composting process has stages until it is finally ripe. As an example, compost at the stage before ripening may be taken out and transported to a field or the like for use. Mature compost is good quality compost.

  As another example, compost before ripening may be collected by a bucket loader and piled up on a mountain having a height of 2 m or less on a part of the surface of the gravel layer 9 to proceed with composting until ripening is achieved. By stacking, the heat retaining effect of fermentation heat is obtained and composting is promoted. In addition, organic waste can be newly input to the surface of the gravel layer 9 which is made free by collecting compost in part.

  As another example, a part of the compost in a fully matured state may be used as a moisture control agent and a seed for promoting composting by mixing it with the newly input organic waste.

<Solid processing when composting is not performed by this system>
When composting is not performed in this system, the solid waste separated from the organic waste is collected by a working machine and taken out. After that, composting in another place, using it as it is, or performing appropriate waste treatment.

<Drainage treatment>
The drainage stored in the drainage storage tank 8 is purified to the target water quality standard by using a downflow artificial wetland system such as Patent Document 3 or Non-patent Document 3, for example, and discharged to a river etc. Can. As another example, another purification treatment method may be applied and purified, and then released. As another example, if it can be used as fertilizer as it is, it may be used as it is.

(3) Configuration of Second Embodiment Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The second embodiment is a form suitable for relatively liquid-rich organic waste.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing the shell of the solid-liquid separation filtration system 1A according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Fig.5 (a) is a schematic sectional drawing along the III-III line of FIG. 4, (b) is a schematic sectional drawing of the whole system which added the gravel layer and the organic waste to (a). Fig.6 (a) is a schematic sectional drawing along the IV-IV line of FIG. 4, (b) is a schematic sectional drawing of the whole system which added the gravel layer and the organic waste to (a).

  FIG. 4, FIG. 5 (a) and FIG. 6 (a) have shown the shell structure of solid-liquid separation filtration system 1A. This shell structure corresponds to the state excluding the gravel layer and the organic waste shown in FIGS. 2 (b) and 3 (b). The second embodiment will be mainly described below with respect to the configuration different from the first embodiment, and the description of the same configuration as the first embodiment will be simplified.

  In the solid-liquid separation filtration system 1A, as in the first embodiment, the box-shaped space S is rectangular in plan view, and the composting panel retaining wall 3 is provided around three sides other than the side L1 which is an inlet / outlet. A drainage groove 4 is provided on the outside of the board retaining wall 3.

  In the solid-liquid separation filtration system 1A, the entire surface of the gravel layer 9 is not flat, and a slope is provided so as to be higher toward the side L1 in the vicinity of the side L1 which is an inlet / outlet (see FIG. 6). In the illustrated example, the bottom surface of the box-shaped space S is a flat surface from the rear end in the front-rear direction to the position L2, and the underdrain pipe 5 is disposed in the flat surface portion. From the position of L2 in the box-shaped space S to the front end L1 'is an inclined side surface which becomes higher toward the front end L1', and between the front end L1 'and one side L1 is a vertical side surface. The surface of the gravel layer 9 is sloped so as to be high along the sloped side. To the surface of such a gravel layer 9, the organic waste 10A having a relatively large amount of liquid is charged.

  The position of the entrance and exit is the highest position on the surface of the gravel layer 9. In the second embodiment, the drainage groove 4 is not provided at the inlet / outlet and directly connected to the surrounding ground. The surrounding ground is raised to the same height as the surface of the gravel layer 9 at the entrance and exit.

(4) Use form of 2nd Embodiment Next, with reference to FIGS. 4-6, an example of the use form of 2nd Embodiment of a solid-liquid separation filtration system is demonstrated.

Organic waste input process
As shown in FIG. 5 (b) and FIG. 6 (b), the organic waste 10 A is introduced to the surface of the gravel layer 9. In this case, the organic waste 10A has a larger amount of liquid than solid, such as the washing drainage of the milking parlor. Therefore, basically a pump is used to feed the hose.

<Solid-liquid separation filtration process>
The relatively liquid-rich organic waste 10A accumulates at a low position on the surface of the gravel layer 9. Since the vicinity of the entrance and exit is high like a bank, the organic waste 10A does not flow out from the entrance and exit. Since there is a large amount of liquid, a part of the liquid flows out from the longitudinal slit 3 d before penetrating into the gravel layer 9, flows into the drainage groove 4, and is stored in the drainage storage tank 8. The liquid permeating the gravel layer 9 gradually falls by gravity from the surface to the bottom, flows into the underdrain pipe 5, drains through the drainage conduit 6, and is stored in the drainage storage tank 8. The treatment of the drainage stored in the drainage storage tank 8 is the same as that of the first embodiment. Moreover, although it is a small amount compared with 1st Embodiment, it is the same as that of 1st Embodiment also about the treatment of the solid which remained on the surface of the gravel layer 9. FIG.

(5) Configuration of Third Embodiment Next, the third embodiment of the present invention will be described. The third embodiment is a mode in which the efficiency of the bucket loader work is improved and the efficiency of the liquid separation is improved.

  FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view of a solid-liquid separation filtration system 1B according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line V-V of FIG. 7, and FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line VI-VI of FIG. FIG. 10 is an enlarged plan view schematically showing an air suction device that can be suitably combined with the solid-liquid separation system 1B of the third embodiment.

  In FIGS. 7-9, it is the state which charged the gravel to the box-shaped space of solid-liquid separation filtration system 1B, and formed the gravel layer 9. FIG. Organic waste is not shown in these figures. The third embodiment will be mainly described below with respect to the configuration different from the first embodiment, and the description of the same configuration as the first embodiment will be simplified.

  In the solid-liquid separation filtration system 1B, as in the first embodiment, the box-shaped space S is rectangular in plan view, and an inlet / outlet is provided in part of one side L1 of the rectangle. The compost board retaining wall 3 is installed around the upper edge of the box-shaped space S other than the entrance and exit. A drainage groove 4 is installed outside the composting panel retaining wall 3.

  In the solid-liquid separation filtration system 1B, gravel is filled so that the upper edge of the box-shaped space S and the surface of the gravel layer 9 are basically at the same height position. The feature of the third embodiment is that a floor slab 11 is installed on the surface of the gravel layer 9. The floor slab 11 is a rigid plate having a predetermined thickness, preferably made of reinforced concrete.

  Furthermore, the floor slab 11 is formed with a large number of slits 11 a penetrating in the vertical direction. In the illustrated example, the slit 11 a is a through hole having an elongated shape in plan view. A plurality of slits 11a are formed at predetermined intervals in the width direction of the slits, and a plurality of rows are further formed in the lengthwise direction of the slits. Gravel is also filled in the slit 11 a so that organic waste does not enter the slit 11 a. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the surface of the gravel layer 9 is substantially flush with the upper surface of the floor slab 11. The surface area of the gravel layer 9 in the present embodiment is the sum of the areas of the slits 11 a of the floor slab 11, and therefore, is smaller than in the first and second embodiments.

  When installing the floor slab 11 made of reinforced concrete, first, a form having a predetermined shape is disposed on the surface of the gravel layer 9, and reinforcing bars are installed in the longitudinal and lateral directions. After that, concrete is poured into the form and solidified. Let cure until the concrete solidifies. The form may be left as it is.

  As illustrated, it is preferable that the periphery of the floor slab 11 cover the inner base of the composting panel retaining wall 3. Thereby, the compost board retaining wall 3 is further stabilized. Although the floor slab 11 can be manufactured using steel materials such as H steel other than reinforced concrete, the reinforced concrete is advantageous in cost.

  By installing the floor slab 11, the traveling stability of the working machine is improved when working with the working machine such as a bucket loader. In addition, when the solid on the surface of the floor slab 11 (solid separated from liquid, compost before ripening, or mature compost) is scraped out with a bucket, the floor slab 11 is a hard flat surface, so the gravel layer 9 Only solids can be crawled easily compared to crawling them from the surface of.

  Preferably, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 9, the floor slab 11 is extended to the outside of the entry and exit, and is inclined so as to be higher from the entry and exit position 11b toward the end 11c. There is no slit in this extension. In the illustrated example, the end 11 c of the extension of the floor slab 11 is continuous with the floor of the composting house 20. In the compost house 20, for example, organic wastes such as manure discharged from livestock houses such as cow houses provided next to the same are accumulated. Those organic wastes can be transferred to the solid-liquid separation filtration system 1 B via the extension of the inclined floor slab 11. By providing a slope in this part, organic waste does not go backward.

  With reference to FIGS. 7 and 9, a drainage conduit 6 connecting the underdrain pipe 5 and the drainage storage tank 8 is shown. One end of the drainage conduit 6 is connected to the underdrain pipe 5 in the box-shaped space S. The other end of the drainage conduit 6 penetrates the side wall of the drainage storage tank 8 and protrudes into the internal space of the drainage storage tank 8. An air suction device 30 is installed near the other end of the drainage conduit 6.

  In the solid-liquid separation filtration system 1B, since the contact area between the organic waste and the gravel layer 9 is substantially reduced by installing the floor slab 11 as described above, the gravel layer 9 is utilized by using gravity. The ability to introduce liquid into is less than in the first and second embodiments. The air suction device 30 is provided to compensate for this drawback.

  FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view enlarging a region near the air suction device 30 shown in FIG. In the inner space of the drainage storage tank 8, for example, a suction pipe 34 having substantially the same diameter is connected to the other end of the drainage conduit 6. In FIG. 10, a part of the pipe wall of the suction pipe 34 is cut away and shown. The suction tube 34 is essentially an extension of the drainage conduit 6. The tip of the suction pipe 34 is open to the internal space of the drainage storage tank 8. Thus, the opening of the suction tube 34 is substantially the opening of the drainage conduit 6.

  A nozzle 33 is disposed inside the suction pipe 34. Preferably, the nozzle 33 is spaced from the opening of the suction tube 34 by an appropriate distance. The nozzle 33 extends on the central axis of the suction tube 34, the jet of which points towards the opening of the suction tube 34. A pipe 32 connected to the rear of the nozzle 33 penetrates the wall of the suction pipe 34 and further extends through the side wall of the drainage storage tank 8 to the outside. The pipe 32 is connected to the blower 31. When the blower 31 is operated, high pressure air is transferred to the nozzle 33 through the pipe 32. The piping route of the tube 32 outside the suction tube 34 is arbitrary. As another example, the tube 32 may pass through the tube wall of the suction tube 34 and then exit from the upper end opening of the drainage storage tank 8 and be connected to the blower 31.

(6) Use form of 3rd Embodiment Next, with reference to FIGS. 7-10, an example of the use form of 3rd Embodiment of a solid-liquid separation filtration system is demonstrated.

Organic waste input process
As an example, the organic waste accumulated in the compost house 20 shown in FIG. 7 is moved onto the floor slab 11 of the solid-liquid separation filtration system 1B using a bucket loader. The newly input organic waste is uniformly dispersed on the floor slab 11.

<Solid-liquid separation filtration process>
The transfer path of the liquid contained in the organic waste is basically the same as in the first and second embodiments described above. The treatment of the solid remaining on the floor slab 11 is also basically the same as in the first and second embodiments described above. In the present embodiment, the air suction device 30 is operated to compensate for the small contact area between the organic waste and the gravel layer 9.

  When operating the air suction device 30, first, as shown in FIG. 8, the opening of the exhaust pipe 7 connected to the underdrain pipe 5 is closed. For this purpose, for example, closing means such as an openable lid 7c is attached to the opening of the exhaust pipe 7. As another example, the lid may be replaced with a valve.

  Subsequently, the blower 31 is started. Referring to FIG. 10, the air pumped through the pipe 32 is jetted from the jet port of the nozzle 33 toward the opening of the suction pipe 34. Thereby, the air flow F1 by high pressure air is generated. It is preferable to set the distance between the nozzle 33 and the opening of the suction pipe 34 to an appropriate length in order to generate a stable air flow F1 of a predetermined strength. If the distance is too short, a strong and stable air flow F1 can not be obtained.

  Due to the generation of the air flow F1, a negative pressure is provided behind the nozzle 33, that is, the internal space of the drainage conduit 6. As a result, an air flow F2 is generated. The air flow F2 is a suction flow for suctioning the air inside the underdrain pipe 5 of the solid-liquid separation filtration system 1B. Further, the air flow F2 sucks the air in the gap between the gravel layers 9 and further sucks the liquid through the gap. Since the exhaust pipe 7 is closed, the suction force by the air flow F2 acts on the surface of the gravel layer 9, that is, the surface of the gravel filled in the slits 11a of the floor slab 11. As a result, the air flow F2 causes the liquid to be drawn into the gravel layer 9 from the organic waste in contact with the surface of the gravel. Inside the underdrain pipe 5 and the drainage conduit 6, the liquid flows through the lower part of the space, and the air flow F2 flows through the space above the liquid.

  Furthermore, when the air flow F2 also draws the ambient air through the organic waste contacting the surface of the gravel, the air will pass through the organic waste, which has the effect of promoting composting by the aerobic reaction. Be

  In this way, the suction flow generated by the air suction device 30 promotes the separation of the liquid from the organic waste. In the present embodiment, the efficiency of solid-liquid separation is improved by forcibly aspirating the liquid in addition to the drop of the liquid due to gravity.

  The air suction device 30 applied to the third embodiment can also be applied to the first and second embodiments described above.

1, 1A solid-liquid separation filtration system 2 water shielding sheet 3 composting panel retaining wall 4 drainage groove 5 underdrain pipe 6 drainage pipe 7 exhaust pipe 8 drainage storage tank 9, 9A gravel layer 10, 10A organic waste 11 with slit Slab 20 composting house 30 air suction device 31 blower 32 feeding tube 33 nozzle 34 suction tube
S box space

Claims (10)

A box-shaped space (S) surrounded by the side and bottom having water blocking,
An underdrain pipe (5) extending substantially horizontally in the vicinity of the bottom of the box-like space (S);
It comprises a wall (3a) standing upright at a predetermined height from the upper edge of the box-shaped space (S) and a plurality of longitudinal slits (3d) drilled in the wall (3a) Compost board retaining wall (3) installed in the part other than the entrance and exit of the entire perimeter of the upper edge of the box-shaped space (S),
And a gravel layer (9) formed of gravel filled at least in the entire box-shaped space (S).   The solid / liquid according to claim 1, wherein the upper edge of the box-shaped space (S) is rectangular in plan view, and one side (L1) of the rectangular or part of one side is the inlet / outlet. Separation filtration system.   It has a drainage groove (4) installed so as to surround the entire periphery of the upper edge of the box-shaped space (S), or to surround a portion other than the inlet and outlet among the entire periphery of the upper edge, The drainage ditch (4) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the drainage ditch (4) is installed outside the composting panel retaining wall (3) at the location where the composting panel retaining wall (3) is installed. Solid-liquid separation filtration system as described.   The gravel which forms the said gravel layer (9) is further filled to the middle height of the wall part (3a) of the said compost board retaining wall (3), The any one of the Claims 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned Solid-liquid separation filtration system as described.   A solid according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the whole surface of said gravel layer (9) is a horizontal flat surface or sloped towards the entrance and exit. Liquid separation filtration system.   The solid-liquid separation filtration according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the surface of the gravel layer (9) is inclined so as to be higher toward the inlet / outlet in the vicinity of the inlet / outlet. system.   It has a floor slab (11) of a predetermined thickness installed to cover the whole surface of the gravel layer (9), and the floor slab (11) forms a large number of slits (11a) penetrating in the vertical direction The solid-liquid separation filtration system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that A drainage conduit (6) connected at one end to the underdrain pipe (5) and extending to the outside through the side of the box-shaped space (S);
A drainage reservoir (8) connected to the drainage conduit (6), and the other end of the drainage conduit (6) penetrates the side wall and opens into the internal space;
An air suction device (30) installed in the vicinity of the other end of the drainage conduit (6);
The air suction device (30) is
A nozzle (33) installed inside the drainage conduit (6) such that air can be jetted toward the opening of the drainage conduit (6);
The solid-liquid separation filtration system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising: a blower (31) for pumping air to the nozzle (33).   The solid-liquid separation filtration system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the side surface and the bottom surface of the box-shaped space (S) are covered with a water blocking sheet (2). The exhaust pipe (7) for exhausting the air in the gravel layer (9) is further provided, and one end (7a) of the exhaust pipe (7) is connected to the end of the underdrain pipe (5) and the other end The solid-liquid separation filtration system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein (7b) opens into the atmosphere outside the box-shaped space (S).

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