WO2017173885A1 - 电机、电机系统及充电和刹车方法 - Google Patents

电机、电机系统及充电和刹车方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017173885A1
WO2017173885A1 PCT/CN2017/073454 CN2017073454W WO2017173885A1 WO 2017173885 A1 WO2017173885 A1 WO 2017173885A1 CN 2017073454 W CN2017073454 W CN 2017073454W WO 2017173885 A1 WO2017173885 A1 WO 2017173885A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor
rotor
stator
planetary
planetary gear
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/073454
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐洪军
吴俊�
Original Assignee
北京摩拜科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北京摩拜科技有限公司 filed Critical 北京摩拜科技有限公司
Priority to EP17778550.8A priority Critical patent/EP3280036A4/en
Publication of WO2017173885A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017173885A1/zh
Priority to US15/797,990 priority patent/US20180111487A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M11/00—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels
    • B62M11/04—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio
    • B62M11/14—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio with planetary gears
    • B62M11/16—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio with planetary gears built in, or adjacent to, the ground-wheel hub
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/60—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at axle parts
    • B62M6/65—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at axle parts with axle and driving shaft arranged coaxially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/108—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction clutches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1861—Rotary generators driven by animals or vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/12—Bikes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multi-functional motor system for a vehicle, and more particularly to a motor including a wheel axle mounted to a vehicle, a motor system including the motor, and a method of charging and braking using the motor system.
  • bicycles are becoming the first choice for people to save energy, protect themselves from low-carbon transportation with their advantages of energy saving, environmental protection and exercise.
  • various bicycle peripheral devices such as bicycle navigation devices, travel recorders, motion monitoring devices, audio, decorative lights, etc., which need to be powered by electricity, are more and more concerned and loved by users.
  • a power device such as an engine or a generator
  • these bicycle peripheral devices can only be powered by the self-contained battery. Excessive battery use not only causes inconvenience to the user, but also may cause waste of energy and Environmental pollution, etc., which is contrary to the original intention of low-carbon environmental protection.
  • the brakes are an indispensable safety device for vehicles such as bicycles, and the performance of the brakes largely determines the safety factor of the user's travel.
  • V brakes, disc brakes, and roller brakes are commonly used at present.
  • the existing braking methods are all mechanical contact braking methods such as friction or tooth locking, and the brakes caused by wear and the like are prone to problems due to improper use or maintenance for a long time.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above technical problems, and provides an electric motor for a vehicle, a motor system including the same, and a method of realizing braking and charging of the vehicle using the motor system.
  • the motor has the characteristics of compact structure and reliable braking.
  • a motor for a vehicle includes: a clutch unit, a planetary gear train, a rotor, a magnet, and a stator fixedly coupled to the magnet; the clutch unit is fixed to the vehicle a wheel axle for transmitting a rotational torque between the wheel axle and the planetary gear train; the planetary gear train is sleeved on the wheel axle and capable of utilizing a force transmitted from the clutch unit to drive Rotating the rotor, or transmitting the rotation of the rotor to the clutch unit; the magnetic steel is fixed on the rotor, rotating or stopping rotation together with the sun gear in the planetary gear train; a coil that generates an induced current in the coil as the stator rotates relative to the rotor; wherein the motor generates a first induction in the coil using relative motion of the stator and the rotor while the vehicle is traveling a current is charged to a battery of the vehicle; the motor is generated in the coil by relative motion of the stator and the rotor when
  • the motor further includes a housing for housing and closing the clutch unit, the planetary gear train, the rotor, the magnetic steel, and the stator.
  • the clutch unit includes a clutch and a clutch bracket.
  • the clutch is fixedly connected or integrally formed with the clutch bracket.
  • the planetary gear train includes: a sun gear, a planetary gear, a planetary carrier, and an inner ring gear; the planetary gear is supported by a planetary shaft disposed on the planetary carrier, and the planetary gear is rotated around the sun gear; the planet A carrier is fixed to the clutch unit to transmit a rotational moment between the planetary gear and the clutch unit.
  • the planetary gear train includes: a sun gear, a planetary gear, a planetary carrier, and an inner ring gear; the planetary gear is supported by a planetary shaft disposed on the planetary carrier, and the planetary gear is rotated around the sun gear; the planet A carrier is fixed to the clutch bracket to transmit a rotational moment between the planetary gear and the clutch unit.
  • the sun gear is fixed or integrally formed with the rotor.
  • the magnetic steel is disposed in an annular shape and is sleeved on an outer circumference of the stator such that an induced current is generated in the coil when the stator and the rotor move relative to each other.
  • stator is provided with a plurality of bobbins along its axial direction, and the coils are wound around the bobbins.
  • a motor system comprising: the motor of any of the above; and a control unit for controlling the motor to charge the battery or to brake the vehicle.
  • a method of braking and charging using the motor system comprising: rotating a wheel axle when the vehicle is traveling, transmitting rotation of the wheel axle through the clutch unit Go to the planetary gear train and further drive the rotor to rotate; the coil on the stator senses a change in a magnetic field, generates the first induced current in the coil, and uses the first induced current to charge the battery;
  • the control unit controls the motor when performing a braking operation such that when the rotor and the stator move relative to each other, a second induced current generated in the coil generates another induced magnetic field, the induced magnetic field and the existing magnetic field
  • a force is generated between the rotor and the stator to prevent relative movement, that is, a braking force; the braking force causes the rotor to perform a decelerating motion, and the decelerating motion is transmitted to the clutch unit by the planetary gear train,
  • the clutch unit transmits a decelerating motion to the wheel axle of the vehicle to effect a
  • the rotation of the wheel axle is transmitted to the planetary gear train through the clutch unit, so that the rotor and the stator move relative to each other to charge the battery; meanwhile, at the receiving Controlling the motor when the user brakes, causing the rotor and the stator to move relative to each other, generating an induced current therein, and further generating an obstacle to the rotation of the wheel
  • the force that brakes is provided.
  • the motor formed by the above structure has the advantages of compact structure and small size in the axial direction, and has reliable braking effect and simple system maintenance, and can also charge the battery while achieving braking, thereby achieving energy saving.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of a motor system for a bicycle that has both power generation and braking functions;
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the structure of a preferred embodiment of the control circuit in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic exploded view of the permanent magnet brushless DC motor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an axial cross-sectional view of the permanent magnet brushless DC motor in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the manner in which the stator and the coil wound thereon are distributed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an inverter circuit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the motor system mounted on the wheel axle of the bicycle will be described as an example, but the system can of course be applied to any vehicle such as an electric bicycle, a motorcycle, or an automobile.
  • FIG. 1 shows the cum for bicycles.
  • the motor system includes a battery 101, a control unit 102, and a motor 103.
  • the battery 101 is a rechargeable battery, for example, a lithium ion battery or a lead acid battery, and the stored electrical energy can supply power to the motor 103, the control unit 102, and other electrical devices on the bicycle, such as a vehicle lamp.
  • the motor 103 is operating in the charging mode, the battery 101 is charged.
  • the control unit 102 is configured to control the motor 103 to charge the battery 101 when in the charging mode, and control based on the generated braking signal when receiving a braking operation of the user (eg, pinching a brake handle, etc.)
  • the motor 103 operates in a braking mode to cause the bicycle to brake.
  • the assist mode may be set as needed, that is, during the bicycle riding forward, the motor 103 converts the electric energy supplied from the battery 101 into mechanical energy using the principle of electromagnetic induction to provide assistance for the rotation of the wheel.
  • the motor 103 is mounted, for example, on a wheel axle of a bicycle, and operates in a power generation mode when the bicycle is normally riding forward, that is, the mechanical energy of the wheel rotation is converted into electric energy by the principle of electromagnetic induction to charge the battery 101.
  • the brake mode is operated, and the rotation is quickly stopped under the control of the control circuit 102.
  • the control unit 102 is used to control the motor 103 to operate in a brake mode or a charging mode.
  • Figure 2 shows a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of a control circuit in accordance with the present invention.
  • the control unit 102 includes a controller 21 and a motor drive circuit 22.
  • the controller 21 is, for example, a single chip microcomputer or a programmable logic control device or the like, which implements a usual control function.
  • the motor drive circuit 22 is for generating a signal for driving the motor in accordance with the control of the controller 21.
  • the motor drive circuit 22 includes, for example, an inverter circuit or the like (as shown in Fig. 6, which will be described later).
  • control unit 102 further includes a brake signal generating unit 23, specifically for example a brake circuit breaker, for generating a brake signal according to a braking operation of the user, and outputting to the controller 21, and the controller 21 outputs a control signal accordingly.
  • the motor drive circuit 22 is applied to cause the motor 103 to operate in the brake mode.
  • control unit 102 is merely an example, and the control circuit of the motor 103, such as an existing integrated motor driver (SoC motor driver, etc.), may be selected as needed.
  • SoC motor driver existing integrated motor driver
  • the motor 103 can be a DC generator (for example, a brushed DC motor or a brushless DC motor), or an alternator (for example, a single-phase AC motor, a three-phase AC motor, etc.), but it is preferably used forever. Magnetic brushless DC motor.
  • a specific structure of a permanent magnet brushless DC motor which can be applied to the above-described motor system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • 3 is a schematic exploded view of the permanent magnet brushless DC motor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4 is an axial cross-sectional view of the permanent magnet brushless DC motor in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the permanent magnet brushless DC motor (hereinafter referred to as a motor) of the present embodiment includes a clutch unit CL, a planetary gear train G, a magnetic steel 3, a rotor 4, and a stator 2.
  • the clutch unit CL is fixed to the main shaft 11, and since the motor is fitted on the wheel axle of the vehicle, the main shaft 11 is, for example, a wheel axle of a bicycle, and the clutch unit CL is used to realize the planetary gear train G and the main shaft 11 The transfer of rotational torque between.
  • the planetary gear train G drives the rotor 4 to rotate by the rotational torque transmitted from the clutch unit CL, or transmits the rotation of the rotor 4 to the clutch unit CL.
  • a plurality of coils (shown in FIG.
  • the force, and the direction of the force is opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor, that is, the force hinders the relative motion of the stator and the rotor, that is, the braking force, and the specific operation of the motor to realize the braking using the braking force will be specifically described below.
  • the motor 103 further includes a housing, such as a resin material, to be able to enclose and protect the various components described above.
  • the outer casing preferably comprises a hub 10 and an end cap 1.
  • the hub 10 is formed in a substantially bowl shape, and the inner space is for accommodating the above-described components to form a compact motor as a whole.
  • the bowl-shaped opening of the hub is sealed by the end cap 1 for example by screwing, riveting, welding or the like such that the outer casing forms a closed space.
  • the motor having the above structure adopts the transmission structure of the planetary gear train, so that the motor has the characteristics of compact structure and small axial dimension, and the braking effect is reliable, the system maintenance is simple, and while the brake is realized, It can charge the battery and save energy.
  • the specific structure of each component will be described in detail below.
  • the clutch unit CL preferably includes a clutch 12 and a clutch bracket 13 .
  • the clutch 12 is mated with the main shaft in such a manner that the inner ring is fixed to the main shaft 11, for example, an interference fit, a screw connection or a welding.
  • the clutch bracket 13 is fixed to the outer ring of the clutch 12, for example, by an interference fit, screwing or welding, so that the clutch 12 can be rotated when the inner ring and the outer ring of the clutch are engaged.
  • the clutch carrier 13 is fixed to the planetary carrier 7 of the planetary gear train G, for example, by screwing or the like, whereby the clutch unit CL can transmit a rotational moment between the main shaft 11 and the planetary gear train G.
  • the rotation of the spindle 11 can be transmitted to the planetary gear train G; when the motor 103 operates in the brake mode, the planetary gear train and the spindle 11 can be Torques of opposite directions of rotation are transmitted to the clutch unit CL.
  • the clutch unit CL is formed in such a manner that the clutch 12 and the clutch bracket 13 are separately provided.
  • this mode is merely exemplary, and the two may be integrally formed. That is, a clutch holder fixedly coupled to the planetary gear train G is formed on the outer ring of the clutch as long as the rotational torque can be transmitted between the main shaft 11 and the planetary gear train G.
  • the planetary gear train G preferably includes a sun gear 5, a planetary gear 6 that rotates around the sun gear 5, a planetary gear carrier 7, and an inner ring gear 9. As shown in FIG. 3, the three planetary gears 6 are rotated by the planetary shaft 8 formed on the planetary carrier 7 while performing planetary rotation around the sun gear 5.
  • the planetary shafts 8 are respectively provided corresponding to the three planetary gears 6, and each pass through a shaft hole provided at a corresponding position on the carrier 7, thereby rotatably supporting the corresponding planetary gear 6. It should be noted that the number of illustrated planetary gears 6 and their planetary shafts 8 is merely exemplary, and the number of planetary gears and their axes is obviously not limited thereto.
  • the planetary carrier 7 and the clutch unit CL are relatively fixed, specifically, and away
  • the clutch bracket 13 in the clutch unit CL is fixed, as described above, so as to transmit a rotational moment between the main shaft 11 and the planetary gear train G.
  • the planetary carrier 7 is supported by a bearing 14 disposed around the main shaft 11 so as to be rotatable about the main shaft 11.
  • the ring gear 9 is fixed relative to the main shaft 11, which may for example be fixed to the housing or any other possible position.
  • a sun gear 5 is sleeved on the main shaft 11 to mesh with the planetary gear 6.
  • the sun gear 5 is simultaneously fixedly coupled to the rotor 4, for example, in a threaded manner, so that the rotor 4 rotates or stops together with the sun gear 5.
  • the magnetic steel 3 is fixed on the rotor 4.
  • the fixing manner can be, for example, various feasible fixing methods such as aluminum bead pressing.
  • the magnetic steel 3, for example, is made of a neodymium iron boron material, preferably annular, and is sleeved on the outer circumference of the stator 2 such that the coil wound on the stator 2 can sense the magnetic field on the magnetic steel 3 during the relative rotational movement. Changes, resulting in a corresponding induced electromotive force.
  • the rotor 4 and the sun gear 5 are fixed by, for example, screwing, riveting, welding, or the like.
  • the rotor 4 is formed in a substantially flat-bottomed disc shape, and a central portion of the bottom of the dish is provided with a through hole through which the main shaft 11 passes, and a stepped cylindrical protrusion projecting toward the end cover 1 side in the axial direction is formed at the through hole.
  • the inner diameter of the cylindrical projection is constant, and the outer diameter is gradually reduced toward the end cap 1.
  • bearings 15 and 16 are provided on the outer side of the large-diameter portion and the outer side of the small-diameter portion of the stepped cylindrical projection, whereby the rotor 4 is rotatably supported and rotated relative to the stator 2.
  • the bottom of the disk-shaped rotor 4 is recessed toward the end cover 1 side to accommodate a part of the sun gear 5, and the large diameter for fixing the sun gear 5 to the rotor 4, for example, a screw is screwed into the rotor 4. unit.
  • a screw is screwed into the rotor 4. unit.
  • the shape of the rotor 4 and the arrangement of the bearings 15, 16 are merely exemplary, and the shape of the rotor 4 and the position and number of the bearings may be provided as needed.
  • the rotor 4 can also be formed integrally with the sun gear 5 instead of being fixed in the manner described.
  • the stator 2 is formed with a plurality of bobbins on its outer circumference, on which the coils are wound.
  • the coils are formed on the bobbin in groups and at predetermined phase intervals.
  • Figure 5 shows Three sets of coils A, B, and C are output, and each set of coils further includes a first grouping coil and a second grouping coil which are sequentially spaced apart. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, starting from the A group coil, the first grouping coil A1 of the A group coil is first wound, then the first grouping coil C1 of the C group coil is wound, followed by the first group coil of the group B coil.
  • the current between the coils has a predetermined phase difference, for example, 60°.
  • the above description of each coil is merely exemplary, and the coil may also adopt four-phase, five-phase, etc., and the present invention only takes this three-phase star arrangement as an example.
  • the motor performs a brake operation after receiving a brake signal from the user.
  • the brake signal generating unit 23 generates a brake signal according to the brake operation, and sends the brake signal to the controller 21, and the controller 21 controls the motor drive circuit 22.
  • the motor is driven.
  • three switching tubes D2, D4 and D6 on the same half bridge are open, and three switching tubes D1, D3 and D5 on the other half bridge are open.
  • the braking force acts between the stator 2 and the magnetic steel 3, according to the above description of the configuration of the motor 103, since the magnetic steel 3 is fixed to the rotor 4, the rotor 4 is also subjected to the braking force.
  • the sun gear 5 is fixed to the rotor 4, and the planetary gear 6 is supported by the planetary shaft 8 for planetary rotation about the sun gear 5, whereby the planetary carrier 7 is decelerated around the sun gear 5 by the braking force.
  • the braking force be F, the inner ring gear 9 and the sun tooth in the planetary gear train G
  • the gear ratio of the wheel 5 is a
  • the gear ratio of the gear train is a+1
  • the braking force transmitted to the carrier 7 is F*(a+1).
  • the braking force of the wheel axle is also F*(a+1). That is, the braking operation of the motor 103 on the vehicle is achieved by the above-described braking force.
  • the main shaft 11 for example a wheel shaft
  • the clutch unit CL rotates together with the main shaft.
  • the carrier 7 is fixed to the clutch holder 13
  • the planetary carrier 7 rotates and drives the planetary gear 6 supported by the planetary shaft 8 to rotate.
  • the planetary gear 6 meshes with the sun gear 5, so that the sun gear 5 rotates in cooperation with the planetary gear 6, and further drives the rotor 4 fixed thereto to rotate. Since the magnet 3 is fixed to the rotor 4, it rotates together with the rotor 4.
  • the coil on the stator 2 senses a change in the magnetic field, generates an induced current in the coil, and further transmits it to the battery 101 through the wire to charge it.
  • the motor of the present invention and its charging mode and braking mode have been described above.
  • the planetary gear train as a transmission structure in the motor
  • the rotation of the wheel axle is transmitted to the planetary gear train through the clutch unit, so that the rotor and the stator move relative to each other to charge the battery; meanwhile, at the receiving When the user brakes, the motor is controlled such that the rotor and the stator move relative to each other, generating an induced current therein, and further generating a force that hinders the rotation of the wheel, thereby braking.
  • the motor formed by the above structure has the advantages of compact structure, reduced size in the axial direction, reliable braking effect, simple system maintenance, and can charge the battery while achieving energy saving. purpose.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于车辆的电机（103）、包含该电机的电机系统及利用该电机系统充电和刹车的方法。该电机包括：离合器单元（CL）、行星齿轮系（G）、转子（4）、磁钢（3）以及与该磁钢固定连接的定子（2）；离合器单元用于在车轮轴和行星齿轮系之间传递旋转力矩；行星齿轮系套设在车轮轴上，能够利用从离合器单元传输来的力带动转子转动，或将转子的转动传输到离合器单元；其中，在车辆正常行驶时，电机利用定子和转子的相对运动而在线圈中产生的感应电流为车辆的电池充电；在车辆收到刹车信号时，电机利用定子和转子的相对运动而在线圈中产生的感应逆电势使得车辆刹车。电机具有结构紧凑、维护简单的特点。

Description

电机、电机系统及充电和刹车方法 技术领域
本发明涉及用于车辆的多功能电机系统，尤其涉及包含被安装于车辆的车轮轴上的电机、包含该电机的电机系统以及利用该电机系统充电和刹车的方法。
背景技术
自行车作为一种日常交通工具，以其节能环保、运动健身等优势正成为人们节能环保低碳出行的首选。相应地，自行车用导航仪、行程记录仪、运动监测设备、音响、装饰灯等各种需要以电为驱动源的自行车周边设备也越来越受到用户的关注和喜爱。然而，由于自行车本身并不具有发动机或发电机等动力装置，这些自行车周边设备只能以自带的电池进行供电，过多的电池使用不仅会给用户带来不便，还可能造成能源的浪费以及环境的污染等，这与低碳环保出行的初衷相悖。目前已有在车轮的花鼓上安装电机，利用车轮的转动进行发电的花鼓电机等，例如参照专利号为201420198304.9的实用新型专利。但目前的花鼓电机结构复杂，导致电机结构不够紧凑，会受到安装空间的制约。
此外，刹车是自行车等车辆必不可少的安全装置，刹车的性能在很大程度上决定着用户出行的安全系数。作为自行车用刹车方式，目前常见的有V刹、碟刹、罗拉刹等。但现有的这些刹车方式都是采用摩擦或齿牙卡定等机械接触制动方式的，长期使用或维护不当容易出现因器件磨损等导致的刹车不灵等问题。
以上问题不仅在自行车上存在，在摩托车、电动车、汽车等任何具有车 轮的车辆上都可能存在。
发明内容
本发明是鉴于上述技术问题而研发的，即提供一种用于车辆的电机、包含该电机的电机系统以及利用该电机系统实现车辆刹车和充电的方法。所述电机具有结构紧凑、能实现可靠刹车的特点。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供一种用于车辆的电机，包括：离合器单元、行星齿轮系、转子、磁钢以及与该磁钢固定连接的定子；所述离合器单元固定在所述车辆的车轮轴上，用于在所述车轮轴和所述行星齿轮系之间传递旋转力矩；所述行星齿轮系套设在所述车轮轴上，能够利用从所述离合器单元传输来的力带动所述转子转动，或将转子的转动传输到所述离合器单元；所述磁钢固定在所述转子上，与所述行星齿轮系中的太阳齿轮共同旋转或停止旋转；所述定子上缠绕多个线圈，在所述定子相对所述转子旋转时所述线圈中产生感应电流；其中，在所述车辆行驶时，所述电机利用定子和转子的相对运动而在所述线圈中产生的第一感应电流为所述车辆的电池充电；在所述车辆受到刹车操作时，所述电机利用定子和转子的相对运动而在所述线圈中产生的第二感应电流及该第二感应电流进一步产生的感应磁场使得所述车辆刹车。
进一步地，所述的电机还包括：外壳，用于容纳并封闭所述离合器单元、所述行星齿轮系、所述转子、所述磁钢以及所述定子。
进一步地，所述离合器单元包括离合器以及离合器支架。
进一步地，所述离合器与所述离合器支架固定连接或一体形成。
进一步地，所述行星齿轮系包括：太阳齿轮、行星齿轮、行星齿轮架以及内齿圈；所述行星齿轮通过设置在行星齿轮架上的行星轴支承，绕太阳齿轮做行星转动；所述行星齿轮架与所述离合器单元固定，从而在行星齿轮与离合器单元之间传输旋转力矩。
进一步地，所述行星齿轮系包括：太阳齿轮、行星齿轮、行星齿轮架以及内齿圈；所述行星齿轮通过设置在行星齿轮架上的行星轴支承，绕太阳齿轮做行星转动；所述行星齿轮架与所述离合器支架固定，从而在行星齿轮与离合器单元之间传输旋转力矩。
进一步地，所述太阳齿轮与所述转子固定或一体形成。
进一步地，所述磁钢设置为圆环状，并套设在所述定子的外周，从而使得所述定子和所述转子相对运动时，在所述线圈中产生感应电流。
进一步地，所述定子沿其轴向设置多个绕线柱，该绕线柱上缠绕所述线圈。
根据本发明第二方面，提供一种电机系统，包括：上述任一项所述的电机；以及控制单元，用于控制所述电机为所述电池充电或使得所述车辆刹车。
根据本发明的第三方面，提供一种利用所述电机系统刹车及充电的方法，包括：当所述车辆行驶时，所述车轮轴旋转，通过所述离合器单元将所述车轮轴的旋转传递到所述行星齿轮系，并进一步带动所述转子转动；所述定子上的线圈感应到磁场的变化，在线圈中产生所述第一感应电流，利用该第一感应电流为所述电池充电；当执行刹车操作时，所述控制单元控制所述电机，使得当所述转子和所述定子相对运动时，在线圈内产生的第二感应电流产生另一感应磁场，该感应磁场与已有磁场之间产生阻止所述转子和定子之间的相对运动的作用力，即制动力；该制动力使所述转子做减速运动，利用所述行星齿轮系将该减速运动传递到所述离合器单元，该离合器单元将减速运动传递到所述车辆的车轮轴，以实现刹车操作。
〔发明效果〕
通过在所述电机中设置所述行星齿轮系作为传动结构，将所述车轮轴的转动通过离合器单元传递到所述行星齿轮系，从而使得转子和定子相对运动，为电池充电；同时，在接收到用户刹车操作时，控制所述电机，使得所述转子和定子相对运动，在其中产生感应电流，并进一步产生阻碍所述车轮旋转 的作用力，从而刹车。通过上述结构形成的所述电机，具有结构紧凑、轴向上的尺寸小的有益效果，并且刹车效果可靠、系统维护简单，在实现刹车的同时，还能为电池充电，达到节约能源的目的。
以下结合附图对本发明的实施方式进行具体描述，本发明的有益效果将进一步明确。
附图说明
图1示出了用于自行车的兼具发电和刹车功能的电机系统的结构框图；
图2示出了根据本发明所述控制电路的一优选实施例的结构框图；
图3为根据本发明一优选实施例的所述永磁无刷直流电机的分解结构示意图；
图4为根据本发明一优选实施例的所述永磁无刷直流电机的轴向剖视图；
图5为根据本发明一优选实施例的所述定子及其上所绕制线圈的分布方式的示意图；
图6为根据本发明一优选实施例的逆变电路的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面参考附图，基于具体实施方式来详细描述本发明。为了清楚起见，本文没有具体描述本领域技术人员公知的部件或结构。另外，尽管结合特定实施方式对本发明进行描述，但应理解，该描述并不旨在将本发明限制于所描述的实施方式。相反，该描述旨在覆盖可包括在由所附权利要求书限定的本发明的精神和范围内的替换、改进和等同方案。
以下以被安装于自行车的车轮轴上的电机系统为例进行说明，但本系统当然也能适用于电动自行车、摩托车、汽车等任意的车辆。
首先参照图1说明本发明的电机系统100。图1示出了用于自行车的兼 具发电和刹车功能的电机系统的结构框图。如图1所示，电机系统包括电池101、控制单元102、以及电机103。电池101为可充电电池，例如可以是锂离子电池或铅酸蓄电池等，所储存的电能能够为电机103、控制单元102、以及自行车上的其他用电设备，例如车灯等供电。其中，在所述电机103工作在充电模式下时，为该电池101充电。控制单元102用于控制所述电机103，使其在充电模式下时对所述电池101充电，并在收到用户的刹车操作(例如捏下刹车手柄等)时，基于所产生的刹车信号控制所述电机103工作在刹车模式下，从而使得所述自行车刹车。此外，根据需要，还可以设置助力模式，即，在自行车向前骑行的过程中，电机103利用电磁感应原理将电池101供给的电能转化成机械能，为车轮的旋转提供助力。电机103安装在例如自行车的车轮轴上，在自行车正常向前骑行时，以发电模式工作，即，利用电磁感应原理将车轮转动的机械能转换为电能，为电池101充电。在需要刹车时，以刹车模式工作，在控制电路102的控制下快速停止转动。
控制单元102用于控制电机103，使其工作在刹车模式或充电模式。图2示出了根据本发明所述控制电路的一优选实施例的结构框图。如图2所示，所述控制单元102包括控制器21和电机驱动电路22。该控制器21例如为单片机或可编程逻辑控制器件等，其实现通常的控制功能。电机驱动电路22用于根据控制器21的控制，产生驱动电机的信号。该电机驱动电路22包括，例如逆变电路等(如图6所示，下文将描述)。进一步优选地，该控制单元102还包括刹车信号产生单元23，具体的例如为刹车断电器，用于根据用户的刹车操作产生刹车信号，并输出到控制器21，控制器21据此输出控制信号给电机驱动电路22，从而使得电机103工作在刹车模式下。
需要指出的是，上述控制单元102的构成仅为示例，可以根据需要选择所述电机103的控制电路，例如现有的集成电机驱动器(SoC电机驱动器等)。
电机103可以采用直流发电机(例如有刷直流电机、无刷直流电机)，也可以采用交流发电机(例如单相交流电机、三相交流电机等)，但优选采用永 磁无刷直流电机。以下参照图3和图4，详细说明能适用于上述电机系统的本发明一个具体实施方式的永磁无刷直流电机的具体结构。
图3为根据本发明一优选实施例的所述永磁无刷直流电机的分解结构示意图。图4为根据本发明一优选实施例的所述永磁无刷直流电机的轴向剖视图。
如图3所示，本实施方式的永磁无刷直流电机(以下简称电机)包括：离合器单元CL、行星齿轮系G、磁钢3、转子4以及定子2。离合器单元CL固定在主轴11上，由于所述电机是被套装在车辆的车轮轴上的，该主轴11例如为自行车的车轮轴，离合器单元CL用于实现行星齿轮系G和所述主轴11之间的转动力矩的传递。行星齿轮系G利用从离合器单元CL传输来的转动力矩带动转子4转动，或将转子4的转动传输到离合器单元CL。定子2上缠绕多个线圈(如图5所示)，各线圈之间以预定相位分布。所述磁钢3固定在转子4上，并围绕所述定子旋转。从而，该电机103工作在充电模式时，定子2相对于转子4相对运动时，基于电磁感应原理，线圈中产生感应电流，为所述电池101充电；当电机103工作在刹车模式时，转子4和定子2之间相对运动，这相当于导体在切割磁力线，根据电磁感应原理，在导体内部会产生感应电流，同时感应电流会产生另外一个感应磁场，该磁场和已经存在的磁场之间会有作用力，而作用力的方向与转子的转动方向相反，即该作用力阻碍定子和转子的相对运动，即为制动力，下文将具体描述所述电机利用该制动力实现刹车的具体操作。
进一步优选地，所述电机103还包括外壳，例如由树脂材料制成，以能封闭并保护上述各部件为准。在本发明如图3、4所示的实施例中，所述外壳优选包括轮毂10和端盖1。所述轮毂10形成为近似碗状，内侧空间用于容纳上述各部件，从而形成紧凑的电机整体。轮毂的碗状的开口部由所述端盖1例如以螺纹连接、铆接、焊接等方式密封，从而使得所述外壳形成封闭空间。
具有上述结构的所述电机，由于采用所述行星齿轮系的传动结构，使得所述电机具有结构紧凑、轴向尺寸小的特点，并且刹车效果可靠、系统维护简单，在实现刹车的同时，还能为电池充电，达到节约能源的目的。以下对各部件的具体结构进行详细说明。
所述离合器单元CL优选包括离合器12以及离合器支架13。离合器12以内圈固定在主轴11上的方式与所述主轴配合连接，所述固定的方式例如为过盈配合、螺纹连接或焊接等。而离合器支架13，例如以过盈配合、螺纹连接或焊接等方式固定在离合器12的外圈上，从而在离合器的内圈和外圈处于啮合的状态下时，能够跟随离合器12转动。同时，离合器支架13与行星齿轮系G的行星齿轮架7，例如以螺纹连接等方式固定，从而，所述离合器单元CL能够在主轴11与所述行星齿轮系G之间传递转动力矩。即，在电机103工作在充电模式下时，能够将所述主轴11的转动传递到所述行星齿轮系G；在电机103工作在刹车模式下时，能够将所述行星齿轮系的与主轴11转动方向相反的力矩传递到所述离合器单元CL。
需要指出的是，如图3所示，为了降低制造成本，以分别设置上述离合器12与离合器支架13的方式形成离合器单元CL，然而该方式仅为示例性的，两者也可形成为一体，即在所述离合器的外圈上形成与行星齿轮系G固定连接的离合器支架，只要能够实现在主轴11和行星齿轮系G之间传递转动力矩即可。
行星齿轮系G优选包括太阳齿轮5、围绕太阳齿轮5做行星旋转的行星齿轮6、行星齿轮支架7以及内齿圈9。如图3所示，三个行星齿轮6在围绕太阳齿轮5做行星旋转的同时，还以形成在行星齿轮架7上的行星轴8自转。所述行星轴8分别对应于三个行星齿轮6而设，并各自穿过行星架7上对应位置设置的轴孔，从而可转动地支承对应的行星轮6。需要指出的是，图示的行星齿轮6及其行星轴8的数量仅为示例性的，行星齿轮及其轴的个数显然不限于此。所述行星齿轮架7与离合器单元CL相对固定，具体的，与离 合器单元CL中的离合器支架13固定，如上文所述，如此设置使得在主轴11和行星齿轮系G之间传递旋转力矩。同时，所述行星齿轮架7由绕主轴11设置的轴承14支承，从而可以绕主轴11旋转。所述内齿圈9相对于主轴11固定，其可以例如固定到外壳上或其他任何可行的位置。太阳齿轮5套设在所述主轴11上，与所述行星齿轮6啮合。所述太阳齿轮5同时与所述转子4以例如螺纹连接的方式固定连接，从而转子4与所述太阳齿轮5共同旋转或停止。
所述磁钢3固定在该转子4上，所述固定的方式，例如可采用铝压条压紧等各种可行的固定方式。磁钢3，例如采用钕铁硼材料，优选为圆环状，并套设在定子2的外周，使得两者在相对旋转运动时，定子2上缠绕的线圈能够感应到磁钢3上的磁场变化，从而产生相应的感应电动势。该转子4与太阳齿轮5以例如螺纹连接、铆接、焊接等方式固定。转子4形成为大致平底圆皿状，皿底中心部设有供主轴11穿过的通孔，在该通孔处形成有沿轴向朝端盖1侧突出的阶梯圆筒状突起，该阶梯圆筒状突起的内径不变、外径朝着端盖1方向逐渐缩小。如图4所示，在该阶梯圆筒状突起的大径部外侧和小径部外侧分别设有轴承15和16，从而转子4被可转动地支承，并相对于定子2旋转。其中，优选圆皿状的转子4的底部向端盖1侧凹陷，以容纳太阳齿轮5的一部分，并且用于将太阳齿轮5固定于转子4的例如螺钉被螺入转子4的所述大径部。由此，能够进一步使电机103零部件排布更加紧凑，缩短其轴向宽度。
需要指出的是，所述转子4的形状以及轴承15、16的设置仅为示例性的，可以根据需要设置转子4的形状，及所述轴承的位置和数量。另外，所述转子4也可以与所述太阳齿轮5形成为一体，而非以所描述的螺纹连接的方式固定。
所述定子2，如图5所示，在其外周形成有多个绕线柱，其上缠绕所述线圈。线圈以分组并以预定相位间隔的方式形成在所述绕线柱上。图5中示 出了A、B、C三组线圈，每组线圈又包含依次间隔分布的第一分组线圈和第二分组线圈。具体地，如图5所示，从A组线圈开始，首先缠绕A组线圈的第一分组线圈A1，接下来缠绕C组线圈的第一分组线圈C1，之后是B组线圈的第一分组线圈B1，再之后依次缠绕A组的第二分组线圈A2、C组的第二分组线圈C2以及B组的第二分组线圈B2。通过上述排列方式，使得各线圈之间的电流具有预定的相位差，例如60°。以上对于各线圈的说明仅为示例性的，所述线圈也可采用四相、五相等等，本发明仅以此三相星形排布方式为例。
下面描述根据本发明所述电机的充电模式和刹车模式的具体实现过程。
[刹车过程]
作为车辆的辅助制动装置，所述电机在收到来自用户的刹车信号后，执行刹车操作。具体地，当用户操作例如手刹后，刹车信号产生单元23根据该刹车操作产生刹车信号，并发送给控制器21，控制器21控制电机驱动电路22，具体的，如图6所示，电机驱动电路22中的逆变电路的六个开关管中，处于相同半桥上的三个开关管D2、D4和D6打开，另半桥上的三个开关管D1、D3和D5断开。这样，在定子2的线圈中产生的磁场会在相邻所述绕线柱、气隙、转子4之间形成一个回路。此时，如果转子4和定子2之间有相对运动，就相当于导体在切割磁力线。根据电磁感应原理，在线圈内部会产生感应电流，同时感应电流会产生另外一个感应磁场，该磁场和已经存在的磁场之间会有作用力，且作用力的方向与所述转子4和定子2之间的运动方向相反，该作用力就是制动力。
而该制动力作用在定子2、磁钢3之间，根据上文对所述电机103的构成的描述可知，由于磁钢3被固定在转子4上，转子4同样受到该制动力的作用，而太阳齿轮5被固定在转子4上，行星齿轮6由行星轴8支承绕太阳齿轮5做行星旋转，从而在该制动力的作用下，行星齿轮架7围绕太阳齿轮5做减速运动。设所述制动力为F，所述行星齿轮系G中的内齿圈9与太阳齿 轮5的齿数比为a，则所述齿轮系的传动比为a+1，传递到行星齿轮架7上的制动力为F*(a+1)。进一步地，由于所述行星齿轮架7与离合器支架13固定在一起，并离合器支架13固定在主轴11、例如车轮轴上，所以车轮轴受到的制动力也为F*(a+1)。即通过上述制动力，实现所述电机103对车辆的刹车操作。
[充电过程]
所述车辆、例如自行车在行驶过程中，所述主轴11、例如车轮轴旋转，由于离合器单元CL固定在该主轴上，从而该离合器单元CL随主轴共同旋转。又由于所述行星齿轮架7与离合器支架13固定在一起，从而行星齿轮架7旋转，并带动由行星轴8支承的行星齿轮6旋转。而行星齿轮6与太阳齿轮5啮合，从而太阳齿轮5与行星齿轮6配合旋转，并进一步带动与之固定在一起的转子4旋转。由于磁钢3固定到转子4上，从而与转子4共同旋转。
此时，定子2上的线圈感应到磁场的变化，在线圈中产生感应电流，并进一步通过导线传输给电池101，为其充电。
以上对本发明的电机及其充电模式和刹车模式进行了描述。通过在所述电机中设置所述行星齿轮系作为传动结构，将所述车轮轴的转动通过离合器单元传递到所述行星齿轮系，从而使得转子和定子相对运动，为电池充电；同时，在接收到用户刹车操作时，控制所述电机，使得所述转子和定子相对运动，在其中产生感应电流，并进一步产生阻碍所述车轮旋转的作用力，从而刹车。通过上述结构形成的所述电机，具有结构紧凑结构、轴向上的尺寸减小的有益效果，并且刹车效果可靠、系统维护简单，在实现刹车的同时，还能为电池充电，达到节约能源的目的。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的权利要求范围之内。
〔标号说明〕
1   端盖
2   定子
3   磁钢
4   转子
5   太阳轮
6   行星轮
7   行星架
8   行星轴销
9   内齿圈
10  轮毂
11  主轴
12  离合器
13  离合器支架
14、15、16   轴承
CL  离合器单元
G   行星齿轮系

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于车辆的电机，其特征在于，包括：
    离合器单元、行星齿轮系、转子、磁钢以及与该磁钢固定连接的定子；
    所述离合器单元固定在所述车辆的车轮轴上，用于在所述车轮轴和所述行星齿轮系之间传递旋转力矩；
    所述行星齿轮系套设在所述车轮轴上，能够利用从所述离合器单元传输来的力带动所述转子转动，或将转子的转动传输到所述离合器单元；
    所述磁钢固定在所述转子上，与所述行星齿轮系中的太阳齿轮共同旋转或停止旋转；
    所述定子上缠绕多个线圈，在所述定子相对所述转子旋转时所述线圈中产生感应电流；
    其中，在所述车辆行驶时，所述电机利用定子和转子的相对运动而在所述线圈中产生的第一感应电流为所述车辆的电池充电；在所述车辆受到刹车操作时，所述电机利用定子和转子的相对运动而在所述线圈中产生的第二感应电流及该第二感应电流进一步产生的感应磁场使得所述车辆刹车。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于，其中，
    所述转子的底部朝远离所述太阳齿轮的方向侧凹陷，以容纳所述太阳齿轮的一部分。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的电机，其特征在于，其中，
    所述离合器单元包括离合器以及离合器支架，所述离合器的外圈与所述离合器支架固定连接或一体形成。
  4. 如权利要求1-3任一项所述的电机，其特征在于，其中，
    所述行星齿轮系包括：所述太阳齿轮、行星齿轮、行星齿轮架以及内齿圈；
    所述行星齿轮通过设置在行星齿轮架上的行星轴支承，绕太阳齿轮做行 星转动；所述行星齿轮架与所述离合器单元固定，从而在行星齿轮与离合器单元之间传输旋转力矩。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的电机，其特征在于，其中，
    所述行星齿轮系包括：所述太阳齿轮、行星齿轮、行星齿轮架以及内齿圈；
    所述行星齿轮通过设置在行星齿轮架上的行星轴支承，绕太阳齿轮做行星转动；所述行星齿轮架与所述离合器支架固定，从而在行星齿轮与离合器单元之间传输旋转力矩。
  6. 如权利要求4或5所述的电机，其特征在于，其中，
    所述太阳齿轮与所述转子固定或一体形成。
  7. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的电机，其特征在于，其中，
    所述磁钢设置为圆环状，并套设在所述定子的外周，从而使得所述定子和所述转子相对运动时，在所述线圈中产生感应电流。
  8. 如权利要求1-7任一项所述的电机，其特征在于，其中，
    所述定子沿其轴向设置多个绕线柱，该绕线柱上缠绕所述线圈。
  9. 一种电机系统，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求1-8任一项所述的电机；以及
    控制单元，用于控制所述电机为所述电池充电或使得所述车辆刹车。
  10. 一种利用如权利要求9所述电机系统充电及刹车的方法，其特征在于包括：
    当所述车辆行驶时，所述车轮轴旋转，通过所述离合器单元将所述车轮轴的旋转传递到所述行星齿轮系，并进一步带动所述转子转动；所述定子上的线圈感应到磁场的变化，在线圈中产生所述第一感应电流，利用该第一感应电流为所述电池充电；
    当执行刹车操作时，所述控制单元控制所述电机，使得当所述转子和所述定子相对运动时，在线圈内产生的第二感应电流产生另一感应磁场，该感 应磁场与已有磁场之间产生阻止所述转子和定子之间的相对运动的作用力，即制动力；
    该制动力使所述转子做减速运动，利用所述行星齿轮系将该减速运动传递到所述离合器单元，该离合器单元将减速运动传递到所述车辆的车轮轴，以实现刹车操作。
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CN114552915A (zh) * 2022-03-30 2022-05-27 河南力旭汽车零部件有限公司 一种缓速器线圈接线设备
CN114552915B (zh) * 2022-03-30 2024-05-17 河南力旭汽车零部件有限公司 一种缓速器线圈接线设备

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