WO2017170592A1 - Mdck細胞の培養方法 - Google Patents
Mdck細胞の培養方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for culturing MDCK cells using microcarriers and MDCK cells suitable for microcarrier culture.
- the present invention also relates to a virus propagation method by culturing MDCK cells using a microcarrier.
- a microcarrier culture method is known as a mass culture technique for cells having adhesiveness.
- the microcarrier culture method introduces cells, culture solution, and microcarriers that serve as cell adhesion scaffolds into a culture container, and intermittently agitates the culture solution to bring the suspended cells and microcarriers into contact with each other. Is adhered to the surface of the microcarrier. By this method, the cells grow on the surface of the microcarrier.
- Microcarriers can provide a very large surface area for cell attachment and growth relative to the volume ratio, and are suitable for mass culture of cells.
- vaccine production One of the fields that utilize cell mass culture technology is vaccine production.
- vaccine production after selecting host cells that are sensitive to the virus of interest, a large number of cells obtained by culture are infected with the virus, and the virus is propagated to produce a vaccine. Since a large amount of virus is required for practical use of a vaccine, it is necessary to prepare a large number of cells to be infected with the virus.
- Influenza is an infectious disease that is prevalent all over the world every year, and there is a risk of pandemic, so it is necessary to secure a large amount of influenza vaccine.
- a method for propagating an influenza virus using a growing chicken egg has been used. Since manufacturing methods using embryonated eggs have high hurdles for raw material procurement and quality control, methods for producing influenza viruses by growing them in cultured cells are being put into practical use. However, it has been regarded as a problem that the proliferation of viruses is poor in cultured cells, and the supply of a rapid and sufficient amount of vaccine is restricted. Therefore, there is an urgent need to build a system that can produce vaccines in large quantities and quickly.
- Influenza vaccine production includes the steps of isolating or producing seed virus of influenza virus, the step of preparing the required amount of embryonated chicken eggs and cultured cells for growing seed virus, and the seed virus obtained by developing the eggs and cultured cells. It is comprised at the stage which is propagated using. Cultured cells can be used at each stage. Examples of traditional cultured cells used for the production of influenza vaccines include Madin-Derby canine kidney-derived cells (hereinafter MDCK cells), African green monkey kidney-derived cells (hereinafter Vero cells), and the like.
- MDCK cells Madin-Derby canine kidney-derived cells
- Vero cells African green monkey kidney-derived cells
- Vero cells were isolated and established from kidney epithelial cells of African green monkeys (Cercopeticus aethiops) in 1962, and have been used for more than 20 years in the production of human vaccines against infections such as poliovirus and Japanese encephalitis virus. Vero cells are sensitive to a wide range of viruses and are also used to propagate influenza viruses. MDCK cells were established in 1958 from normal male cocker spaniel kidneys, and in 1968 Gauss et al. Revealed susceptibility to influenza virus. Increased sensitivity to influenza viruses by adding trypsin, glucose, vitamins, etc. to the culture medium of MDCK cells has been utilized for the separation of various influenza viruses.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that an MDCK cell line (ATCC CCL-34) is acclimated to a serum-free medium, and an MDCK-33016 line capable of suspension (floating) culture has been established.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 disclose that the PTA-7909 and PTA-7910 strains capable of replicating cold-adapted influenza virus were cloned from the MDCK cell line (ATCC CCL-34). Has been.
- MDCK cells infected with virus produce interferon that suppresses virus growth, they also have the property that the virus is less prone to grow than Vero cells that do not produce interferon.
- microcarriers are used for mass culture of cells, it is difficult to say that a method for mass culture of MDCK cells using microcarriers has been established.
- strong adhesion between the cells and the microcarriers is required.
- the problem is that the adhesion between the cells and the microcarriers is weakened by repeating cell passage when the culture tank is scaled up.
- stirring is accompanied. Therefore, it is considered that the cells are subjected to physical stress due to frequent contact of the cells with a stirring blade, a culture tank wall, or the like. As a result, there is a problem of a decrease in cell growth efficiency during mass culture of MDCK cells using microcarriers.
- a medium supplemented with serum derived from animals such as cows and horses is generally used.
- Serum serves as a source of hormones, growth factors, etc., and is useful for reducing physical stress due to culture operations.
- supply of a large amount of hormones, growth factors, and the like is required due to the large-scale proliferation of cells accompanying an increase in culture efficiency.
- the use of serum is a concern for safety and adaptability to production on a factory scale. For this reason, in cell culture using microcarriers, cells capable of growing in a serum-free medium are required.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an MDCK cell suitable for culture using a microcarrier and a method for culturing the MDCK cell.
- the present inventors have developed not only a high cell growth ability in a serum-free medium but also MDCK cells having a strong adhesion to microcarriers and a culture method using the cells. It was found to be suitable for culture using a microcarrier. Furthermore, the present inventors have found that the cells have a high expansion ratio on microcarriers when cultured in a serum-free medium, thereby completing the present invention.
- the present invention comprises the following. 1. A method for culturing cloned MDCK cells, wherein the expansion ratio when culturing with a microcarrier is 4.5 or more. 2. 2. The method for culturing cloned MDCK cells according to item 1 above, wherein the cloned MDCK cells exhibit a cell floating rate of 20% or less. 3. 2. The cloned MDCK cell according to item 1 above, wherein the expansion rate of the cloned MDCK cell is that obtained by seeding and culturing the cloned MDCK cell at a cell seeding density of 2.0 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 or less. Culture method. 4). 4.
- a method for propagating a virus according to item 7 above comprising incubating MDCK cells after the virus infection. 9. 9. The method for propagating a virus according to item 7 or 8, wherein the virus is an influenza virus. 10.
- a cloned MDCK cell having an expansion ratio of 4.5 or more when cultured using a microcarrier. 11. 11. The cloned MDCK cell according to item 10 above, wherein the expansion rate of the cloned MDCK cell is that obtained by seeding and culturing the cloned MDCK cell at a cell seeding density of 2.0 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 or less. . 12 12.
- MDCK cells can be efficiently propagated from a low seeding density even in culture in a serum-free medium.
- Example 1 It is a figure which shows the result of having confirmed the cell growth ability at the time of culturing cell lines A and B and Pre Cloning Cell using a microcarrier.
- Example 2 It is a figure which shows the result of having confirmed the amount of medium components and the amount of metabolites in the culture solution at the time of culturing cell lines A and B and Pre Cloning Cell using a microcarrier.
- Example 2 It is a figure which shows the result of having confirmed the floating whole cell density and the cell floating rate in the culture solution at the time of culturing cell lines A and B and Pre Cloning Cell using a microcarrier.
- Example 2 It is a figure which shows the result of having confirmed the expansion magnification at the time of culture
- Example 3 It is a figure which shows the result of having confirmed the expansion magnification at the time of culture
- MDCK cells are animal cells established from the kidneys of normal male cocker spaniels in 1958 and are used for various purposes. Sensitivity to influenza virus was clarified by Gaush et al. In 1968, and it is also used for propagation and replication of influenza virus.
- the cloned MDCK cells of the present invention are cells that have been subjected to single cell cloning after the MDCK cell population has been acclimated to a serum-free medium.
- the cloned MDCK cells of the present invention include cells obtained by proliferating and / or passaging the cloned cells.
- cells that are not single-cell cloned exist as a cell population containing a plurality of cells having various properties.
- the MDCK cell population means cells that have not been single-cell cloned. Any MDCK cell population may be used, and an MDCK cell population obtained from a cell bank may be used. For example, cells specified by ATCC CCL-34 can be used.
- the MDCK cell population can be stably cultured in the medium by being acclimated to the specific medium.
- a medium supplemented with serum derived from animals such as cows and horses is generally used.
- Serum serves as a source of hormones and growth factors, and also helps to reduce physical stress due to culture operations.
- many problems arise with the use of serum One is safety concerns. There is a risk that virus, bacteria, mycoplasma, abnormal prion, which has become a problem with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and the like are mixed through animal-derived serum. Another concern is adaptability to production on an industrial scale. Serum varies in quality and composition between lots. Such lot differences affect cell growth.
- the cell population was conditioned to a serum-free medium before single cell cloning.
- the serum-free medium for single cell cloning may contain growth factors and trace elements.
- Growth factors contained in the medium release cell proliferation signals.
- the type of growth factor in the medium during the acclimation process is thought to affect the character of the cell.
- cells contained in the MDCK cell population are modified into cells capable of growing in a serum-free medium while affecting each other.
- each MDCK cell is separated.
- a limiting dilution method can be used as a method for separation.
- the isolated cloned MDCK cell line is further cultured in a serum-free medium until confluent, and passage is performed to obtain a sufficient amount of cells. Thereafter, the properties of the cloned MDCK cell line can be evaluated, and a cloned MDCK cell line having suitable properties can be obtained.
- the cloned MDCK cell line is evaluated for cell growth ability, seeding density, expansion ratio, virus sensitivity, etc., has high cell growth ability, is sensitive to multiple types of influenza viruses, and is also strong against microcarriers
- a cloned MDCK cell line characterized by having adhesive strength can be selected. Although it has been difficult to select cells having both cell growth ability, virus sensitivity and strong adhesion to microcarriers, the inventors have intensively studied and found that the cells can be selected by the above-described cloning method. It was.
- a specific evaluation means such as cell proliferation ability, the method described in Examples described later can be used.
- the culture method of the present invention is characterized by using cells having strong adhesion (adhesion) to microcarriers.
- the adhesion strength of cells to microcarriers can be expressed by the cell floating rate when cells are cultured in a culture solution containing microcarriers.
- the culture method of the present invention is characterized by using cloned MDCK cells having a cell floating rate of 20% or less, preferably 15% or less, more preferably 10% or less, and particularly preferably 5% or less.
- the cell floating rate is a value obtained by dividing the floating cell density after culturing MDCK cells for a certain time in the presence of the microcarrier by the seeded cell density. The lower the cell floating rate, the higher the adhesion to the microcarrier. Indicates.
- the cell floating rate of the cloned MDCK cells of the present invention is such that the culture time is 48 hours or less, preferably 24 hours or less, preferably 6 hours or less, more preferably 1.5 hours or less, particularly preferably 0.5 hours or less. It is the one at the time. More specifically, it is preferable to use a cloned MDCK cell having a cell suspension rate of 20% or less after 0.5 hours or a cell suspension rate of 5% or less after 1.5 hours. In addition, it is estimated that a cell floating rate does not change a lot with the seeding density of a cell.
- the culture method of the present invention is characterized by using cloned MDCK cells exhibiting an expansion ratio of 4.5 or more, preferably 6.5 or more, more preferably 8.5 or more.
- the expansion magnification is a value obtained by dividing the cell density after culturing the cells for a certain period by the seeded cell density, and serves as an index indicating the ease of proliferation.
- the expansion ratio of the cloned MDCK cell of the present invention is that when cultured with a microcarrier, and the culture time is 48 hours or more, preferably 60 hours or more, more preferably 72 hours or more, and 144 hours or less, Preferably, 120 hours or less, more preferably 96 hours or less has elapsed.
- the expansion ratio in the present invention is 2.0 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 or less, preferably 1.6 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 or less, preferably 1.3 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 or less, and more preferably.
- seeding at a seeding density of 10 4 cells / cm 2 or more particularly preferably 0.6 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 or more.
- cells can be cultured using the method described in Example 3 described later, and the expansion magnification can be confirmed.
- the culture method of the present invention has an advantage that cells can be rapidly grown even at a low seeding density, and the time and cost for scale-up can be saved.
- the cloned MDCK cell in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has the above cell floating rate and / or expansion ratio.
- Cells obtained by proliferating and / or subcultured cells selected by the above cloning method are also included in the cloned MDCK cells of the present invention.
- Cell passage can be performed by known methods. After cell culture with microcarriers, the cells have grown and as a result are densely adhered onto the microcarrier surface. In passaging, the densely adherent cells are moved onto the new microcarrier surface. For example, the cells can be removed from the microcarrier using a protease such as trypsin or collagenase, then these cells are washed and diluted in a medium containing the microcarrier.
- a protease such as trypsin or collagenase
- the cloned MDCK cell in the present invention is an MDCK cell specified by the international deposit number NITE BP-022014.
- Such cells were commissioned on March 4, 2015, to the Patent Microorganism Deposit Center (Postal Code 292-0818, 2-5-8 Kazusa Kamashi, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan) After being deposited in Japan as number NITE P-0214, it was requested to be transferred to the international deposit based on the Budapest Treaty at the Patent Microbiology Depositary Center of the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, and received under the deposit number NITE BP-0214 is there.
- the MDCK cell identified by the accession number NITE BP-0214 is, as shown in Example 1 described later, based on MDCK cells (derived from ATCC CCL-34), and after single cell cloning by the limiting dilution method, It has been elected.
- the culture method of the present invention includes culturing cloned MDCK cells using a microcarrier.
- a microcarrier is a fine particle that can be cultured with cells attached to the surface.
- the surface of the microcarrier is not particularly limited as long as it is a material to which cells can adhere, and the microcarrier used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the material for the microcarrier include dextran, gelatin, collagen, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyacrylamide, glass, and cellulose.
- dextran is preferable.
- the shape of the microcarrier include a spherical shape (bead) and a disk shape. The shape of the microcarrier is preferably spherical.
- the size (diameter) of the spherical microcarrier is, for example, about 0.01 to 1 mm, preferably about 0.05 to 0.5 mm, and more preferably about 0.1 to 0.3 mm.
- the microcarrier may be porous.
- Examples of the spherical microcarrier used in the present invention include Cytodex 1 (trade name), Cytodex 3 (trade name), Cytopore (trade name) (hereinafter, GE Healthcare Life Science) and the like.
- Examples of the disk-shaped microcarrier include Cytoline 1 (product name), Cytoline 2 (product name) (hereinafter, GE Healthcare Life Science) and the like.
- porous microcarrier examples include Cytopore (trade name), Cytoline 1 (trade name), Cytoline 2 (trade name) (hereinafter, GE Healthcare Life Science) and the like.
- Other commercially available microcarriers include Biosilon (trade name) (NUNC), Hillex (trade name) (Solo Hill), Corning (registered trademark) microcarrier (Corning), and the like.
- the microcarrier used in the present invention is particularly preferably a spherical dextran microcarrier.
- Cytodex 1 (trade name), Cytodex 3 (trade name) and Cytopore (trade name) are preferable, and Cytodex 1 (trade name) and Cytodex 3 (trade name) are particularly preferable. 1 (trade name) is preferred.
- the seeding density of the cloned MDCK cells in the culture method of the present invention is not particularly limited and can be adjusted as appropriate.
- the seeding density (cells / cm 2 ) in this specification means the cell density per culture surface area when seeding cells.
- the density of the cell in a culture medium can be confirmed with a well-known method, it can confirm with the measuring method using a hemocytometer or an automatic cell counter etc., for example.
- the seeding density in this specification is the cell density per microcarrier surface area when seeding cells.
- the medium for culturing the cloned MDCK cells of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a serum-free medium to which no animal-derived serum is added is preferred. Any serum-free medium may be used, such as Eagle MEM medium (Nissui Pharmaceutical), OptiPRO SFM (Thermo Fisher Scientific), VP-SFM (Thermo Fisher Scientific), EX-CELL MDCK (SAFC MDCK, SAFC MDCK (c) (Lonza), ProVero 1 (Lonza), BalanCD MDCK (Irvine Scientific), etc. can be used.
- the culture conditions such as the density of microcarriers, the number of stirring revolutions, the dissolved oxygen concentration, and the culture temperature may be any as long as the cells can grow and can be adjusted as appropriate. In the culture method of the present invention, even when the stirring rotation speed is about 30 to 60 rpm, the cells adhere well to the microcarriers and can efficiently proliferate.
- the cloned MDCK cell of the present invention can be used in a method for growing a virus capable of infecting MDCK cells, a method for producing substances such as metabolites produced by MDCK cells, and the like.
- the MDCK cell of the present invention can be used in a method for propagating a virus capable of infecting MDCK cells.
- a virus capable of infecting MDCK cells any virus can be used as long as MDCK cells are sensitive, and examples thereof include orthomyxovirus, paramyxovirus, rhabdovirus and flavivirus.
- influenza virus will be described as an example.
- influenza virus to which the cloned MDCK cell of the present invention is sensitive is not particularly limited. For example, all currently known subtypes and future isolated and identified subtypes are also included.
- influenza A virus it is classified into subtypes (ie, 16 HA (H1-H16) subtypes and 9 NA (N1-N9) subtypes) based on the antigenicity of their HA and NA molecules
- Influenza viruses containing a combination of HA subtypes and NA subtypes are contemplated.
- influenza B virus an influenza virus including a combination of Victoria strain and Yamagata strain is considered.
- influenza A virus Since each subtype of influenza A virus has high variability in RNA genome, new strains are frequently generated. In April 2009, after the epidemic in Mexico was recognized, the flu that has been spread worldwide is called new influenza, swine flu, pandemic influenza A (H1N1), sine flu, A / H1N1 pdm, etc. ing. Viruses that were prevalent among pigs were directly transmitted from pigs to humans at farms, etc., and then spread among humans. The seasonal influenza A influenza virus (flu A type A virus H1N1 subtype) and A Hong Kong type influenza (influenza A virus H3N2 subtype) are distinguished. In addition, due to the high variability of the RNA genome, virus strains are distinguished by the time and place of isolation among the same subtypes of influenza A virus.
- Influenza B virus continues to undergo irreversible antigenic mutations, but is relatively later than mutations in influenza A virus, and the epidemic cycle is about two years. Since influenza B virus was first isolated in 1940 during a medium-scale influenza epidemic in New York, frequent epidemics have been recorded, resulting in increased mortality. Infection has been confirmed only among humans, but there is no subtype, and there are only two lines, the Yamagata line and the Victoria lineage.
- influenza virus used in the present invention is not only the influenza virus isolated from the living body as described above, but also attenuated, chicken egg growth adaptation, cell culture growth adaptation, temperature sensitive phenotype so that it can be applied to influenza vaccines. It may be a recombinant virus produced by modification such as adaptation to mucosal administration.
- RNA segments such as influenza virus antigenic sites and polymerase sites, and reverse genetics
- the RNA segments of strains with high growth potential and the target antigenicity Various methods such as a method of recombining the RNA segment shown, a method of producing an attenuated virus by low-temperature passage, and a method of adding a mutagen to a virus culture system can be mentioned.
- the culture time of the cloned MDCK cell in the culture method of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is suitable for scale-up.
- the culture time is 48 hours or longer, preferably 60 hours or longer, more preferably 72 hours or longer, 144 hours or shorter, preferably 120 hours or shorter, more preferably 96 hours or shorter.
- the scale-up procedure is the same as the passage.
- the time at which the influenza virus is infected with the cloned MDCK cells is not particularly limited, and may be any time suitable for practical use. For example, after scale-up, when cells become confluent, it is preferable to infect influenza virus and then incubate the cells for a certain period of time.
- the incubation time is not particularly limited. Incubation means that the cells are maintained under a certain condition for a certain period of time, and it does not matter whether or not the cells grow by incubation. Incubation can also be performed under the same conditions as in culturing cells, but is preferably performed under optimal conditions for the infected virus.
- Influenza viruses that infect MDCK cells are called seed viruses.
- Influenza virus is isolated from a living body or produced by some modification, and then passaged and propagated using chicken eggs and various cells to become a seed virus.
- the seed virus used in the present invention may be one that has been passaged in any of chicken eggs and various cells, and is not particularly limited. More preferably, the influenza virus is propagated by infecting the cloned MDCK cells with the seed virus that has been passaged and propagated by MDCK cells in the culture method of the present invention.
- influenza virus propagated by the culture method of the present invention is used for the production of influenza vaccines.
- any known method or any method developed in the future may be used.
- Example 1 Production and selection of cloned MDCK cells Single-cell cloning (1) Culture in serum-containing medium MDCK cells (ATCC No. CCL-34, Lot 1166395, passage number 53) obtained from ATCC are thawed and eagle containing 10% fetal calf serum (hereinafter FCS) MEM medium (Nissui Pharmaceutical) was added and washed by centrifugation. An eagle MEM medium containing 10% FCS was added to the pellet and suspended, and cultured in a T75 flask. The cells cultured for 5 days at 37 ° C. ⁇ 1 ° C.
- FCS fetal calf serum
- Pre Cloning Cell Single cell cloning of serum-free conditioned MDCK cells
- Pre Cloning Cell Single cell cloning of the ATCC-derived serum-free conditioned MDCK cell population (hereinafter referred to as Pre Cloning Cell) obtained in (2) is performed by limiting dilution, and cell proliferation is improved. A cell line with excellent and uniform morphology was selected.
- the specific procedure for cloning is as follows. Pre Cloning Cell was thawed and cultured in a T25 flask using serum-free medium OptiPRO SFM. The cells cultured at 37 ° C. ⁇ 1 ° C. for 3 days were washed with a PBS solution containing 1 mM EDTA-4Na, and then TrypLE Select was added to separate the cells from the incubator.
- OptiPRO SFM was added to the cells, centrifuged and washed, and OptiPRO SFM was added to the resulting pellet to resuspend the cells. The number of cells in this cell suspension was counted, and a cell suspension of 5 cells / mL was prepared. In each well of a 96-well plate, 100 ⁇ L of 5 cell / mL cell suspension was seeded, and the wells in which only one cell was seeded were marked and cultured. After the cells in the marked wells reached confluence, they were detached with TrypLE Select and subcultured to 24-well plates. In order to remove TrypLE Select in the medium, the culture medium in the well was completely removed on the next day after passage and replaced with fresh medium. Similarly, the passage was repeated with a 6-well plate and a T75 flask, and when a sufficient cell amount was obtained, the cloned MDCK cell line was stored frozen (passage number 63).
- an infectious titer of the virus culture supernatant As a result of measuring the infectious titer of the virus culture supernatant, an infectious titer of 7.0 log 10 TCID 50 / mL or more was obtained for any of the cloned MDCK cell lines for all virus strains.
- cloned MDCK cell line Based on the above evaluation results, it can be cultured in serum-free medium, is sensitive to multiple subtypes of influenza virus, and has strong adhesion to microcarriers ATCC-derived serum-free conditioned cloned MDCK cell line A (hereinafter cell line A) was selected. Cytodex 1 (GE Healthcare Life Science) was used as the microcarrier. On the other hand, a cloned MDCK cell line B (hereinafter referred to as cell line B), which has a weaker adhesion to microcarriers than cell line A but has similar properties to cell line A, was selected for comparison.
- cell line B a cloned MDCK cell line B (hereinafter referred to as cell line B), which has a weaker adhesion to microcarriers than cell line A but has similar properties to cell line A, was selected for comparison.
- Cell line A is registered with the Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center of the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (Postal Code 292-0818, 2-5-8 Kazusa Kamashichi, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan) under the accession number NITE P-0214. (Receipt date: March 4, 2015), requested to be transferred to the International Deposit under the Budapest Treaty at the Patent Microbiology Depositary Center of the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, and received with the deposit number NITE BP-0214 It was done.
- a / Ibaraki / N12073 / 2011 H1N1) pdm09 (hereinafter TA-73) ), A / Ibaraki / N12232 / 2012 (H3N2) (hereinafter referred to as TA-232), B / Ibaraki / N12322 / 2012 (hereinafter referred to as TA-322), and B / Ibaraki / N12336 / 2012 (hereinafter referred to as TA-336).
- an Eagle's MEM medium supplemented with 4 mM glutamine, 4.7 g / L glucose, 20 mM sodium bicarbonate and 0.1 ⁇ TrypLE Select was used, and cultured under conditions of 34 ° C. and 5% CO 2. Went. After virus infection, the culture supernatant from the first day to the third day of culture was sampled, and the HA value and the infectious value were measured. For HA-73, TA-322 and TA-336, 0.5% chicken erythrocytes were used for 1 hour reaction at room temperature, and for TA-232, 1.0% guinea pig erythrocytes were used at 4 ° C. For 1.5 hours.
- the unit of the infectious titer is log 10 TCID 50 / mL.
- the results of HA titers on the first to third days (1 to 3 dpi) after influenza virus infection are shown in Table 2 below, and the results of infection titers are shown in Table 3 below.
- a graph summarizing these results is shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, the solid line is the infection value, and the broken line is the HA value.
- Example 2 Culture of Cloned MDCK Cell Line Using Microcarrier Cell line A was cultured in serum-free medium OptiPRO SFM (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 4 mM glutamine. As control cells, cell line B and Pre Cloning Cell were used. Cells were seeded at a seeding density of 2.3 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 . Cytodex 1 (GE Healthcare Life Science) was used as a microcarrier at a density of 3.5 g / L. The culture conditions were 15 rpm until 48 hours of culture, 30 rpm after 48 hours, pH 7.0, temperature 37.0 ° C., and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) 3.00 ppm. Aeration was performed with a perforated tube. As a culture vessel, a bioreactor having a capacity of 3 L was used.
- the number of cells in the culture solution was confirmed by a technique in which a part of the culture solution was collected and the cells adhered to the microcarriers were dispersed using trypsin.
- a cell autoanalyzer (Beckman Coulter) was used to measure the number of cells.
- the concentration of the metabolite was confirmed using a bioprocess analyzer Cedex Bio (Roche Diagnostics).
- the results of confirming the cell growth ability of each cell line are shown in FIG.
- the solid line in FIG. 2 indicates the number of cells adhering to the microcarrier, and the broken line indicates the number of cells floating in the culture supernatant. Each cell line cannot grow in a floating state and die. Compared with Pre Cloning Cell and Cell Line B, the number of cells floating in the supernatant was smaller than that of Pre Cloning Cell and Cell Line B, so that it was confirmed that cell line A had strong adhesion to microcarriers. Cell line A grew to 6.9 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 on the third day of culture. On the other hand, cell line B and Pre Cloning Cell required 4 days to grow to the same extent.
- concentration of the culture-medium component and the metabolite of a cell which exist in a culture medium is shown in FIG.
- Example 3 Confirmation of Expansion Magnification of Cloned MDCK Cell Line
- the cell line A was seeded at the following cell seeding densities a to d and cultured. Pre Cloning Cell was used as a control.
- a 2.0 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 (17.6 ⁇ 10 4 cells / mL)
- b 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 (8.8 ⁇ 10 4 cells / mL)
- c 0.6 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 (5.3 ⁇ 10 4 cells / mL)
- d 0.3 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 (2.6 ⁇ 10 4 cells / mL)
- the culture volume was 400 mL, and agitation culture was performed at 60 rpm in the presence of 37.0 ° C. and 5% CO 2 . Cytodex 1 was used as the microcarrier.
- the density of the microcarrier is 2.0 g / L.
- Example 4 Transfer of cloned MDCK cell line between microcarriers Cell line A was transferred from microcarriers to microcarriers under the following conditions. Further, after the transfer, influenza virus was infected, and the HA titer and infectious titer of the virus were measured by the same method as in Example 1.
- influenza virus was inoculated into cells when MDCK cells became confluent.
- the working volume at the time of influenza virus inoculation was 20 L, and the viable cell density was 12.8 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 to 16.0 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 .
- Eagle MEM medium supplemented with 4 mM glutamine, 3.6 g / L glucose, 20 mM sodium hydrogen carbonate and 0.1 ⁇ TrypLE Select was used.
- the cells were cultured under the culture conditions of 20 to 60 rpm with stirring, pH 7.0, temperature 34.0 ° C., and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) 3.00 ppm.
- DO dissolved oxygen concentration
- the culture supernatant was sampled every day until the fourth day of culture, and the infectivity titer was measured.
- the highest infectious titer value was defined as the peak infectious titer (log 10 TCID 50 / mL).
- the infectivity titer was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the cell line A exhibits a high cell growth ability in microcarrier culture, so that a large amount of cells can be prepared at the start of virus culture, and that it exhibits high virus growth ability even after transfer to microcarriers.
- MDCK cells can be efficiently proliferated using microcarriers. Furthermore, since the virus can be efficiently propagated by using the culture method of the present invention, it is possible to produce an efficient vaccine, which is industrially superior. For practical use in vaccine production, culturing in a large volume is indispensable. However, according to the method for culturing such cells using the MDCK cells and microcarriers of the present invention, a high expansion ratio on the microcarriers and / or microcarriers. There is an advantage that the cost and time of scale-up can be saved due to the high adhesive strength to.
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Abstract
Description
1.マイクロキャリアを用いて培養する際の拡張倍率が4.5以上を示すクローン化MDCK細胞の培養方法。
2.クローン化MDCK細胞が、20%以下の細胞浮遊率を示す、前項1に記載のクローン化MDCK細胞の培養方法。
3.クローン化MDCK細胞の拡張倍率が、クローン化MDCK細胞を2.0×104細胞/cm2以下の細胞播種密度で播種して培養した場合のものである、前項1に記載のクローン化MDCK細胞の培養方法。
4.クローン化MDCK細胞の拡張倍率が、クローン化MDCK細胞を48時間以上培養した場合のものである、前項1又は3に記載のクローン化MDCK細胞の培養方法。
5.クローン化MDCK細胞が、MDCK細胞集団を無血清培地に馴化させた後にクローン化された細胞である、前項1~4のいずれか1に記載のMDCK細胞の培養方法。
6.受託番号NITE BP-02014にて特定されるMDCK細胞を、マイクロキャリアを用いて培養することを含む、MDCK細胞の培養方法。
7.前項1~5のいずれか1に記載のMDCK細胞の培養方法を用いて、ウイルスを増殖する方法。
8.MDCK細胞に、ウイルスを感染させた後、インキュベートを行うことを含む、前項7に記載のウイルスを増殖する方法。
9.ウイルスが、インフルエンザウイルスである、前項7又は8に記載のウイルスを増殖する方法。
10.マイクロキャリアを用いて培養する際の拡張倍率が4.5以上を示すクローン化MDCK細胞。
11.クローン化MDCK細胞の拡張倍率が、クローン化MDCK細胞を2.0×104細胞/cm2以下の細胞播種密度で播種して培養した場合のものである、前項10に記載のクローン化MDCK細胞。
12.クローン化MDCK細胞の拡張倍率が、クローン化MDCK細胞を48時間以上培養した場合のものである、前項10又は11に記載のクローン化MDCK細胞。
13.クローン化MDCK細胞が、MDCK細胞集団を無血清培地に馴化させた後にクローン化された細胞である、前項10~12のいずれか1に記載のクローン化MDCK細胞。
1.シングルセルクローニング
(1)血清含有培地での培養
ATCCより入手したMDCK細胞(ATCC No. CCL-34、Lot 1166395、継代数53)を解凍し、10% 牛胎仔血清(以下、FCS)を含むイーグルMEM培地(日水製薬)を加えて遠心洗浄した。このペレットに10% FCSを含むイーグルMEM培地を加えて浮遊させたものをT75フラスコ内で培養した。37℃±1℃で5日間培養した細胞を1 mM EDTA-4Naを含むPBS溶液で洗浄した後、トリプシンを添加して細胞を培養器から剥離させた。10% FCSを含むイーグルMEM培地を添加してトリプシンを中和し、T225フラスコに継代した。この細胞を37℃±1℃で4日間培養した後、同様にしてT225フラスコに継代した。37℃±1℃で6日間培養した細胞をトリプシン処理により回収した後、10% FCSを含むイーグルMEM培地を添加してトリプシンを中和した。遠心により細胞を分離し、得られたペレットをセルバンカー2(日本全薬工業)に浮遊させ、液体窒素中で凍結保存した(継代数56)。
次いで、(1)にて得た細胞を解凍し、無血清培地OptiPRO SFM(Thermo Fisher Scientific)を用いてT75フラスコ内で培養した。37℃±1℃で4日間培養した細胞を1 mM EDTA-4Naを含むPBS溶液で洗浄した後、TrypLE Select(Thermo Fisher Scientific)を添加して培養器から剥離させた。この細胞にOptiPRO SFMを加えて遠心洗浄し、得られたペレットにOptiPRO SFMを加えて浮遊させたものをT75フラスコに移し、37℃±1℃で4日間培養した。この細胞をTrypLE Selectを用いて回収し、遠心洗浄して得られたペレットをセルバンカー2に浮遊させ、-80℃のフリーザーで凍結保存した(継代数58)。
(2)にて得たATCC由来無血清馴化MDCK細胞集団(以下、Pre Cloning Cell)を、限界希釈法によりシングルセルクローニングを行い、細胞増殖性が優れ、形態が均一な細胞株を選出した。クローニングの具体的な手順は以下のとおりである。Pre Cloning Cellを解凍し、無血清培地OptiPRO SFMを用いてT25フラスコ内で培養した。37℃±1℃で3日間培養した細胞を1 mM EDTA-4Naを含むPBS溶液で洗浄した後、TrypLE Selectを添加して培養器から剥離させた。この細胞にOptiPRO SFMを加えて遠心洗浄し、得られたペレットにOptiPRO SFMを加えて細胞を再浮遊させた。この細胞懸濁液の細胞数を計数し、5 cells/mLの細胞懸濁液を調整した。96穴プレートの各ウェルに5 cells/mLの細胞懸濁液を100 μLずつ播種し、1個の細胞のみが播種されたウェルに目印を付けて培養を行った。目印を付けたウェルの細胞がコンフルエントに達した後TrypLE Selectで剥離し、24穴プレートへ継代した。培地中のTrypLE Selectを除去するため、継代翌日にウェル中の培養液を完全に除き、新鮮培地に交換した。同様にして6穴プレート、T75フラスコと継代を重ね、十分な細胞量が得られた時点でクローン化MDCK細胞株を凍結保存した(継代数63)。
(1)インフルエンザウイルスの増殖性の評価
得られたクローン化MDCK細胞株について、インフルエンザウイルス増殖性を指標としたスクリーニングを実施した。また本実施例では、インフルエンザウイルスのHA価及び感染価の確認は、国立感染症研究所著「インフルエンザ診断マニュアル(第3版、平成26年9月)」の「Part IV」に開示される方法に従って行った。
まず、全てのクローン化MDCK細胞株と、Pre Cloning Cellを解凍し、無血清培地OptiPRO SFMを用いてT75フラスコ内で培養した(継代数64)。解凍後、増殖したクローン化MDCK細胞株を6穴プレートに播種し、37℃±1℃で培養した後インフルエンザウイルス株をm.o.i=0.0001で感染させた(継代数65)。クローン化MDCK細胞株のウイルス増殖性を評価するため、ウイルス培養上清のHA価を測定した。
Pre Cloning Cell以上のHA価を示したクローン化MDCK細胞株(全体の30.2%)について、他のインフルエンザウイルス株の増殖性を評価した。先の試験と同様にして6穴プレートで培養したクローン化MDCK細胞株(継代数65)にウイルスを感染させた後、ウイルス培養上清を用いたHA価測定試験を行い、全てのウイルス株についてPre Cloning Cell以上のHA価を示したクローン化MDCK細胞株を選定した(全体の2.8%)。
6穴プレートを用いたスクリーニングにより選定されたクローン化MDCK細胞株について、さらにT75フラスコスケールでのインフルエンザウイルス増殖性を確認した。T75フラスコ内で培養したクローン化MDCK細胞株(継代数65)にA/New Caledonia(H1N1)、A/Hiroshima(H3N2)等のウイルス株をそれぞれm.o.i=0.0001で感染させた。ウイルス培養上清のHA価を確認し、すべてのウイルス株でPre Cloning Cellと同等以上のHA価を示したクローン化MDCK細胞株を選定した(全体の0.6%)。
T75フラスコを用いたスクリーニングにより選定されたクローン化MDCK細胞株について、10代以上継代した細胞のインフルエンザウイルス増殖性を確認した。クローン化MDCK細胞株を解凍し、無血清培地OptiPRO SFMを用いてT75フラスコ内で継代培養した。継代数77代~80代となった細胞にA/New Caledonia(H1N1)等のウイルス株をそれぞれm.o.i=0.0001で感染させた。ウイルス培養上清の感染価を測定した結果、いずれのクローン化MDCK細胞株もすべてのウイルス株について7.0 log10TCID50/mL以上の感染価が得られた。
ウイルス増殖性を指標として選定されたクローン化MDCK細胞株について、マイクロキャリア培養への適性を評価した。
上記の評価結果をもとに、無血清培地で培養可能であり、かつ複数の亜型のインフルエンザウイルスに感受性を持ち、更にマイクロキャリアへ強い接着力を有するATCC由来無血清馴化クローン化MDCK細胞株A(以下、細胞株A)を選出した。マイクロキャリアはCytodex 1(GE Healthcare Life Science)を使用した。一方、マイクロキャリアへの接着力が細胞株Aよりも弱いが、残りの性質は細胞株Aと類似するクローン化MDCK細胞株B(以下、細胞株B)も選出し、比較対象とした。
なお、細胞株Aは、受託番号NITE P-02014により、独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構 特許微生物寄託センター(郵便番号292-0818 日本国千葉県木更津市かずさ鎌足2-5-8 122号室)に寄託され(受領日:平成27年3月4日)、独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構 特許微生物寄託センターにて、ブダペスト条約に基づく国際寄託に移管請求され、受託番号NITE BP-02014により受領された。
(4)選出したクローン化MDCK細胞株のインフルエンザウイルス増殖性
T75フラスコにて細胞株Aを増殖させた。細胞株Aがコンフルエントになった時点で、インフルエンザウイルスを細胞に接種した。細胞の培養条件に関する各パラメーター及びインフルエンザウイルス株の感染時の細胞数に関する各パラメーターは以下の通りである。
細胞株Aを、4 mM グルタミンを添加した無血清培地OptiPRO SFM(Thermo Fisher Scientific)で培養した。対照細胞としては、細胞株B及びPre Cloning Cellを用いた。細胞は2.3×104 細胞/cm2の播種密度で播種した。マイクロキャリアは、Cytodex 1(GE Healthcare Life Science)を、3.5 g/Lの密度で用いた。培養条件は、培養48時間目までは15rpm、48時間以降は30rpmの撹拌回転数で、pH7.0、温度37.0℃、溶存酸素濃度(DO)3.00ppmであった。通気は多孔チューブにより行った。また培養容器としては、3L容量のバイオリアクターを用いた。
細胞株Aは培養3日目で6.9×104 細胞/cm2まで増殖した。一方細胞株B及びPre Cloning Cellは同程度まで増殖するために4日間要した。
なお培地中に存在する培地成分及び細胞の代謝産物の濃度を図3に示す。
(各培養時間における浮遊全細胞密度)÷(播種細胞密度)×100=細胞浮遊率(%)
実施例2と同様にして、以下のa~dの細胞播種密度により細胞株Aを播種し、培養を行った。Pre Cloning Cellを対照として用いた。
a:2.0×104 細胞/cm2 (17.6×104 細胞/mL)
b:1.0×104 細胞/cm2 (8.8×104 細胞/mL)
c:0.6×104 細胞/cm2 (5.3×104 細胞/mL)
d:0.3×104 細胞/cm2 (2.6×104 細胞/mL)
なお、培養容量は400 mLであり、37.0℃、5%CO2存在下、60 rpmにて撹拌培養を行った。マイクロキャリアはCytodex 1を用いた。マイクロキャリアの密度は2.0 g/Lである。
細胞株Aを以下の条件により、マイクロキャリアからマイクロキャリアに移行させた。また移行後、インフルエンザウイルスを感染させて、ウイルスのHA価及び感染価を実施例1と同様の方法により測定した。
細胞株Aを、無血清培地で、マイクロキャリアとしてCytodex 1を用いて2Lスケールで培養し、増殖させた。その後、培養条件の各制御を停止し、マイクロキャリアを沈降させた。その後培養上清を抜き取り、1mM EDTA-4Naを含むPBS溶液を添加して37℃で30分間洗浄した。マイクロキャリアを再び沈降させた後、細胞洗浄液を抜き取った。トリプシンを添加し、37℃で30分程度処理を行った。トリプシンインヒビターを添加した後、20Lの培養器に細胞及びマイクロキャリアを全量移注した。表5に細胞播種時の播種パラメーターを、表6に細胞培養中の増殖パラメーターを示す。
マイクロキャリア間の移行後、MDCK細胞がコンフルエントになった時点で、インフルエンザウイルスを細胞に接種した。接種したウイルス株は、TA-73であり、接種量はm.o.i=0.001である。インフルエンザウイルス接種時のワーキングボリュームは20L、生細胞密度は12.8×104細胞/cm2~16.0×104細胞/cm2であった。培地は、4 mMグルタミン、3.6 g/Lグルコース、20 mM炭酸水素ナトリウム及び0.1×TrypLE Selectを添加したイーグルMEM培地を使用した。ウイルス接種後、撹拌回転数20~60rpm、pH7.0、温度34.0℃、溶存酸素濃度(DO)3.00ppmの培養条件により培養を行った。ウイルス感染後、培養4日目まで毎日培養上清をサンプリングし、感染価を測定した。このうち、最も高い感染価の値をピーク感染価(log10TCID50/mL)とした。感染価の測定は、実施例1と同様にして行った。
Claims (13)
- マイクロキャリアを用いて培養する際の拡張倍率が4.5以上を示すクローン化MDCK細胞の培養方法。
- クローン化MDCK細胞が、20%以下の細胞浮遊率を示す、請求項1に記載のクローン化MDCK細胞の培養方法。
- クローン化MDCK細胞の拡張倍率が、クローン化MDCK細胞を2.0×104細胞/cm2以下の細胞播種密度で播種して培養した場合のものである、請求項1に記載のクローン化MDCK細胞の培養方法。
- クローン化MDCK細胞の拡張倍率が、クローン化MDCK細胞を48時間以上培養した場合のものである、請求項1又は3に記載のクローン化MDCK細胞の培養方法。
- クローン化MDCK細胞が、MDCK細胞集団を無血清培地に馴化させた後にクローン化された細胞である、請求項1~4のいずれか1に記載のMDCK細胞の培養方法。
- 受託番号NITE BP-02014にて特定されるMDCK細胞を、マイクロキャリアを用いて培養することを含む、MDCK細胞の培養方法。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1に記載のMDCK細胞の培養方法を用いて、ウイルスを増殖する方法。
- MDCK細胞に、ウイルスを感染させた後、インキュベートを行うことを含む、請求項7に記載のウイルスを増殖する方法。
- ウイルスが、インフルエンザウイルスである、請求項7又は8に記載のウイルスを増殖する方法。
- マイクロキャリアを用いて培養する際の拡張倍率が4.5以上を示すクローン化MDCK細胞。
- クローン化MDCK細胞の拡張倍率が、クローン化MDCK細胞を2.0×104細胞/cm2以下の細胞播種密度で播種して培養した場合のものである、請求項10に記載のクローン化MDCK細胞。
- クローン化MDCK細胞の拡張倍率が、クローン化MDCK細胞を48時間以上培養した場合のものである、請求項10又は11に記載のクローン化MDCK細胞。
- クローン化MDCK細胞が、MDCK細胞集団を無血清培地に馴化させた後にクローン化された細胞である、請求項10~12のいずれか1に記載のクローン化MDCK細胞。
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JP2018508095A JP6933643B2 (ja) | 2016-03-29 | 2017-03-28 | Mdck細胞の培養方法 |
KR1020187022256A KR102445388B1 (ko) | 2016-03-29 | 2017-03-28 | Mdck 세포의 배양 방법 |
US16/084,401 US20190078056A1 (en) | 2016-03-29 | 2017-03-28 | Method for culturing mdck cells |
CN201780014683.8A CN108779438A (zh) | 2016-03-29 | 2017-03-28 | Mdck细胞的培养方法 |
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