WO2017170476A1 - 燃焼器、燃焼器の性能向上方法 - Google Patents
燃焼器、燃焼器の性能向上方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017170476A1 WO2017170476A1 PCT/JP2017/012521 JP2017012521W WO2017170476A1 WO 2017170476 A1 WO2017170476 A1 WO 2017170476A1 JP 2017012521 W JP2017012521 W JP 2017012521W WO 2017170476 A1 WO2017170476 A1 WO 2017170476A1
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- Prior art keywords
- combustor
- cylinder
- cylindrical body
- combustion
- circumferential direction
- Prior art date
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
- F02C7/16—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
- F02C7/18—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/24—Heat or noise insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
- F23R3/06—Arrangement of apertures along the flame tube
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
- F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
- F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
- F23R3/14—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex by using swirl vanes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/16—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration with devices inside the flame tube or the combustion chamber to influence the air or gas flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
- F23R3/50—Combustion chambers comprising an annular flame tube within an annular casing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/35—Combustors or associated equipment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/00014—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by passive means, e.g. by Helmholtz resonators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/00016—Retrofitting in general, e.g. to respect new regulations on pollution
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/00017—Assembling combustion chamber liners or subparts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/002—Wall structures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a combustor and a method for improving the performance of the combustor.
- a combustor used in a gas turbine or the like includes a fuel nozzle that injects fuel and a cylinder through which combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel flows. In the case of a gas turbine, this combustion gas is used to drive a turbine connected to the subsequent stage of the combustor.
- a circulation flow of combustion gas is formed inside the cylinder.
- an outlet throttle described in Patent Document 1 below is provided on the circumferential side of a cylinder.
- the combustion gas that has flowed through the cylinder from the upstream side toward the downstream side changes the direction of the flow by colliding with the outlet restrictor, and again goes upstream. Thereby, a circulation flow of combustion gas is formed inside the cylinder.
- the combustor described in Patent Document 1 has a cylindrical body located on the upstream side and a tail cylinder connected to the downstream side of the cylindrical body.
- the outlet throttle is provided at the downstream end of the cylinder. For this reason, it is also possible to easily access the inner peripheral side of the cylinder by separating the cylinder and the tail cylinder. That is, it is possible to easily provide an outlet throttle for a combustor that has already been assembled.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a combustor with improved performance and a method for improving the performance of a combustor capable of easily improving performance.
- the combustor has a cylindrical shape in which a fuel nozzle that injects fuel and a combustion region in which a combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel flows is formed on the inside.
- a cylindrical body formed with a plurality of slits extending in the circumferential direction at intervals in the direction, and fitted into the slit, projecting radially inward from the inner peripheral side of the cylindrical body, and going inward from the radially outer side
- a throttle piece having a throttle surface extending in the flow direction of the combustion gas.
- the formation of a circulation flow of the combustion gas in the cylinder can be promoted by the throttle surface of the throttle piece. Furthermore, the above-described configuration can be obtained only by fitting the diaphragm piece into the slit formed in the cylindrical body from the radially outer side of the slit. Thereby, the efficiency improvement of a combustor can be implement
- the combustor according to the first aspect is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the cylindrical body, and the acoustic damper having an attenuation space communicating with the inside of the cylindrical body is formed inside.
- the diaphragm piece may be provided on the downstream side of the acoustic damper.
- the combustor has a cylindrical shape in which a fuel nozzle that injects fuel and a combustion region in which a combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel flows is formed inside,
- a cylindrical body that extends in the flow direction of the combustion gas inside the wall surface and has a plurality of cooling passages through which cooling air flows, and projects radially inward from the inner peripheral side of the cylindrical body, and from the radially outer side to the inner side
- an annular throttle ring extending in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral side of the cylindrical body, and on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body, from the throttle ring
- a cavity that extends inward in the radial direction from the outer peripheral surface and extends in the circumferential direction across the plurality of cooling channels is formed in the downstream portion, and the lid covers the cavity from the outer side in the radial direction
- the body is further provided.
- the formation of a circulation flow of the combustion gas in the cylinder can be promoted by the throttle surface of the throttle ring. Furthermore, in order to obtain a configuration like the above configuration, it is conceivable to divide the cylinder in the combustion gas flow direction, and then attach a throttle ring to one of the cylinders to join the cylinders together.
- a throttle ring to one of the cylinders to join the cylinders together.
- the cylindrical bodies are joined to each other without considering the circumferential position of the cooling flow paths. be able to. Thereby, a combustor with improved performance can be obtained more easily.
- the combustor has a cylindrical shape in which a fuel nozzle that injects fuel and a combustion region in which combustion gas generated by combustion of the fuel flows is formed inside, A cylindrical body that extends in the flow direction of the combustion gas inside the wall surface and has a plurality of cooling passages through which cooling air flows, and projects radially inward from the inner peripheral side of the cylindrical body, and from the radially outer side to the inner side And an annular throttle ring extending in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral side of the cylindrical body, and on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body, A pair of cavities extending in the circumferential direction across the plurality of cooling flow paths are formed on both sides of the flow direction with respect to the provided positions, and are recessed radially inward from the outer peripheral surface. Diameter of the cavity Further comprising a lid for covering the direction outside.
- the formation of a circulation flow of the combustion gas in the cylinder can be promoted by the throttle surface of the throttle ring.
- the above-described cavity is not formed, it is necessary to accurately match the circumferential positions of the plurality of cooling flow paths formed inside the wall surface of the cylindrical body, which may reduce workability. is there.
- the cylindrical bodies are joined to each other without considering the circumferential position of the cooling flow paths. be able to. Thereby, a combustor with improved performance can be obtained more easily.
- the combustor according to the third or fourth aspect is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the cylindrical body, and an attenuation space communicating with the inside of the cylindrical body is formed on the inner side.
- the diaphragm ring may be provided on the downstream side of the acoustic damper.
- a method for improving the performance of a combustor includes a cylindrical body in which a plurality of cooling passages extending in a flow direction of combustion gas and through which cooling air flows are formed inside a wall surface, An annular throttle ring that protrudes radially inward from the inner peripheral side of the cylinder and extends in the flow direction as it goes from the radially outer side to the inner side, and that extends in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral side of the cylinder; And a cavity extending in the radial direction from the outer circumferential surface toward the radially inner side and extending in the circumferential direction across the plurality of cooling flow paths.
- the aperture ring is attached to the inner peripheral side of one cylindrical half body.
- the throttle ring is applied to a combustor that has already been assembled, or even when the throttle ring is applied to a region that is difficult to access from the opening end of the cylindrical body, the work is easily performed. be able to.
- the above-described cavity is not formed, it is necessary to accurately match the circumferential positions of the plurality of cooling channels formed inside the wall surface of the cylinder, which may reduce workability. .
- the cylindrical half-body portions can be connected to each other without considering the circumferential positions of the cooling flow paths. Can be joined. Thereby, a combustor with improved performance can be obtained more easily.
- a method for improving the performance of a combustor includes a cylindrical body in which a plurality of cooling passages extending in a flow direction of combustion gas and through which cooling air flows are formed inside a wall surface, An annular throttle ring that protrudes radially inward from the inner peripheral side of the cylinder and extends in the flow direction as it goes from the radially outer side to the inner side, and that extends in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral side of the cylinder;
- a method for improving the performance of a combustor comprising: an outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body arranged at intervals in the flow direction, recessed from the outer peripheral surface radially inward, and A step of forming a pair of cavities extending in the circumferential direction across the cooling flow path, and dividing the cylindrical body into three in the flow direction along the pair of cavities, whereby an upstream divided body and an intermediate divided body And a step of forming the downstream divided body Attaching the throttle ring to the inner peripheral side of the
- the throttle ring is attached to the inner peripheral side of the intermediate divided body.
- the work is easily performed. be able to.
- the above-described cavity is not formed, it is necessary to accurately match the circumferential positions of the plurality of cooling channels formed inside the wall surface of the cylinder, which may reduce workability. .
- the upstream divided body, the intermediate The divided body and the downstream divided body can be joined. Thereby, a combustor with improved performance can be obtained more easily.
- the intermediate divided body can be moved independently from the upstream divided body and the downstream divided body, for example, when each of the above steps is performed in a limited space around the combustor. Compared with this, it is possible to ensure high workability.
- the gas turbine 1 includes a compressor 2, a combustor 3, and a turbine 5.
- the compressor 2 includes a compressor rotor 6 that extends along the axis As, and a compressor casing 7 that covers the compressor rotor 6 from the outer peripheral side.
- the compressor rotor 6 has a columnar shape centered on the axis As, and a compressor blade 8 is attached to the outer peripheral surface thereof.
- a plurality of compressor blades 8 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction with respect to the axis As to form one compressor blade stage 9.
- a plurality of such compressor rotor blade stages 9 are provided on the compressor rotor 6 at intervals in the direction of the axis As.
- the compressor stationary blade stage 11 On the inner peripheral side of the compressor casing 7, a plurality of rows of compressor vane stages 11 are provided so as to be alternately arranged in the axis As direction with respect to the compressor rotor blade 8.
- the compressor stationary blade stage 11 has a plurality of compressor stationary blades 10 arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the axis As, like the compressor moving blade stage 9.
- the combustor 3 generates high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas by mixing and burning fuel with the high-pressure air generated by the compressor 2. This combustion gas is sent to a turbine 5 described later to drive the turbine 5.
- the turbine 5 includes a turbine rotor 12 that extends along the axis As, and a turbine casing 13 that covers the turbine rotor 12 from the outer peripheral side.
- the turbine rotor 12 has a columnar shape centered on the axis As, and a turbine rotor blade 14 is attached to the outer peripheral surface thereof.
- a plurality of turbine blades 14 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction with respect to the axis As to form one turbine blade stage 15.
- a plurality of such turbine rotor blade stages 15 are provided on the turbine rotor 12 at intervals in the direction of the axis As.
- the turbine stationary blade stage 17 On the inner peripheral side of the turbine casing 13, a plurality of rows of turbine stationary blade stages 17 are provided so as to be staggered in the axis As direction with respect to the turbine rotor blade 14.
- the turbine stationary blade stage 17 has a plurality of turbine stationary blades 16 arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the axis As.
- the compressor rotor 6 and the turbine rotor 12 are positioned on the same axis (axis As) and connected to each other to form a gas turbine rotor 18.
- a generator 20 is connected to the shaft end of the gas turbine rotor 18.
- the compressor casing 7 and the turbine casing 13 are connected to each other to form a gas turbine casing 19.
- the compressor rotor 6 rotates to cause the compressor 2 to generate high-pressure air. Furthermore, this high-pressure air is guided to the combustor 3 and combusted together with fuel, so that high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas is generated. Subsequently, the combustion gas is guided to the turbine 5 and sequentially collides with the turbine rotor blade 14 and the turbine stationary blade 16, whereby kinetic energy is given to the turbine rotor 12 (gas turbine rotor 18). Due to this kinetic energy, the gas turbine rotor 18 rotates about the axis As. The rotation of the gas turbine rotor 18 is taken out by the generator 20 connected to the shaft end and used for power generation or the like.
- the combustor 3 is supported by an outer cylinder 21, and a nozzle 22 (fuel nozzle) that supplies fuel, a swirler support cylinder 23 that covers the nozzle 22 from the outside, and a combustion cylinder 24 that is connected to the downstream side of the swirler support cylinder 23. (Cylinder).
- the nozzle 22 injects a premixed gas in which fuel and compressed air are mixed into a combustion cylinder 24 described later.
- the swirler support cylinder 23 has a cylindrical shape centered on the combustor axis Ac.
- the combustor axis Ac extends in a direction crossing the axis As.
- a combustion cylinder 24 is connected to the downstream end of the swirler support cylinder 23.
- the fuel supplied from the nozzle 22 is mixed with compressed air in a region (combustion region) in the combustion cylinder 24 and then burned to generate combustion gas.
- the combustion gas is supplied to the turbine 5 via the combustion cylinder 24.
- expressions such as upstream, downstream, upstream, and downstream used in the present embodiment are based on the flow direction of the combustion gas that flows inside the combustion cylinder 24. That is, the side where the nozzle 22 is provided with the combustion cylinder 24 as a reference is referred to as an upstream side, and the side where the combustion cylinder 24 is provided with the nozzle 22 as a reference is referred to as a downstream side.
- the distribution direction of the combustion gas refers to a direction along the combustor axis Ac direction.
- the flow of the combustion gas flowing in the swirler support cylinder 23 and the combustion cylinder 24 may be referred to as “main flow”.
- the combustion cylinder 24 is formed by two plates stacked in the radial direction of the combustor axis Ac. More specifically, the combustion cylinder 24 includes an inner plate 29 that faces one side in the plate thickness direction (inner side in the radial direction) and an outer plate 30 that faces the other side in the plate thickness direction (outer side in the radial direction). ing. The inner plate 29 and the outer plate 30 are overlapped with each other in the plate thickness direction.
- a cooling channel 31 called an MT fin is formed on the radially inner side of the outer plate 30.
- These cooling flow paths 31 are formed by a plurality of concave grooves formed so as to be recessed radially outward from the radially inner surface of the outer plate 30.
- Each concave groove extends in the direction of the combustor axis Ac.
- These concave grooves are formed in a plurality of rows at intervals in the circumferential direction of the combustor axis Ac.
- air (cooling air) flowing through the gas turbine casing 19 flows. Thereby, the combustion cylinder 24 itself can be protected from the radiant heat of the combustion gas.
- an acoustic damper 40 is attached to the outer peripheral side of the combustion cylinder 24 to reduce combustion vibration generated in the combustor 3, scratching sound generated between the combustion gas and the combustion cylinder 24, and the like.
- the acoustic damper 40 includes a porous region 32 formed in a part of the outer peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder 24, and a housing 33 that covers the porous region 32 and partitions an attenuation space 37 inside.
- the porous region 32 is a region that forms part of the combustion cylinder 24 in the direction of the combustor axis Ac.
- a plurality of holes 34 penetrating in the thickness direction of the combustion cylinder 24 are formed. More specifically, these hole portions 34 are annularly arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction along the outer peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder 24.
- the porous region 32 is covered with a housing 33 from the outer peripheral side. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the housing 33 includes a main plate 35 that extends at an interval in the radial direction of the combustor axis Ac with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the combustion tube 24, and the main plate 35 and the combustion tube 24. And a pair of side plates 36 that connect the outer peripheral surface in the radial direction. Further, the housing 33 extends in the circumferential direction of the combustor axis Ac along the outer peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder 24. That is, the housing 33 forms an annular attenuation space 37 between the porous region 32. The attenuation space 37 communicates with the combustion region on the inner peripheral side of the combustion cylinder 24 through the hole 34.
- each slit 50 is a substantially rectangular opening surrounded by a long side extending in the circumferential direction and a short side extending in the direction of the combustor axis Ac that intersects the long side.
- the diaphragm pieces 60 are fitted into the plurality of slits 50 from the outer peripheral side.
- a detailed configuration of the aperture piece 60 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the throttle piece 60 includes a base 61 fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder 24, a piece main body 62 formed integrally with the base 61, and a plurality of ribs 63 provided between the base 61 and the piece main body 62. ,have.
- the base 61 has an arc shape extending in the circumferential direction along the outer peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder 24 when viewed from the combustor axis Ac direction.
- the dimension in the circumferential direction of the base 61 is set to be the same as or slightly smaller than the dimension in the circumferential direction of the slit 50.
- a radially inner surface of the base 61 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder 24.
- a plurality of air holes 64 extending in the radial direction of the combustor axis Ac are formed in the base 61. These air holes 64 are arranged on the base 61 at intervals in the circumferential direction. External air is taken into the inside of the base 61 in the radial direction through the air holes 64, whereby the piece main body 62 described later is cooled and protected from the radiant heat of the combustion gas.
- the piece main body 62 includes a connecting portion 62A extending from the radially inner surface of the base portion 61 toward the radially inner side, and a tapered portion 62B protruding further radially inward from the radially inner end of the connecting portion 62A.
- the tapered portion 62B is inclined in a direction intersecting the combustor axis Ac. More specifically, the tapered portion 62B extends from the radially inner side to the outer side as it goes from the upstream side to the downstream side.
- a surface facing the radially inner side of the tapered portion 62B is a diaphragm surface S.
- the throttle surface S faces the main flow that flows in the combustion cylinder 24.
- the rib 63 is a plate-like member that connects a surface facing the radially outer side of the tapered portion 62B and a surface facing the radially inner side of the base portion 61 in the radial direction.
- a plurality of ribs 63 are provided at intervals in the circumferential direction. These ribs 63 are provided to ensure the rigidity of the entire aperture piece 60.
- the plurality of air holes 64 are all formed in portions that do not interfere with the ribs 63.
- the throttle piece 60 configured as described above is fitted into each slit 50 formed in the combustion cylinder 24 from the outer peripheral side. Thereby, on the inner peripheral side of the combustion cylinder 24, each throttle piece 60 is arranged with the throttle surface S (tapered portion 62B) facing the upstream side.
- This high-pressure air is introduced into the combustor 3 through the gas turbine casing 19.
- the high-pressure air and the fuel are mixed to generate a premixed gas.
- high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas is generated.
- the combustion gas is guided into the turbine 5 to rotationally drive the turbine 5.
- the gas turbine 1 is operated.
- the throttle piece 60 is attached to the slit 50 of the combustion cylinder 24.
- the combustion gas that has circulated in the combustion cylinder 24 from the upstream side toward the downstream side changes the flow direction by colliding with the throttle surface S, and again goes upstream. .
- a circulation flow of the combustion gas is formed inside the combustion cylinder 24. Therefore, the generation of unburned carbide such as CO as described above is suppressed, and the performance of the combustor 3 can be improved.
- the above-described configuration can be obtained only by fitting the throttle piece 60 into the plurality of slits 50 formed in the combustion cylinder 24 from the radially outer side of each slit 50.
- the efficiency improvement of the combustor 3 is easily realizable.
- the throttle piece 60 can be easily attached even in a region away from the open end of the combustion cylinder 24.
- this method since it is necessary to proceed with work such as welding inside the narrow combustion cylinder 24, not only the workability is deteriorated but also a satisfactory work result may not be obtained.
- this method requires a large-scale disassembly operation, so it cannot be said that it is practical when the throttle piece 60 is applied to the combustor 3 in use.
- the configuration according to the present embodiment is advantageous.
- the throttle piece 60 is provided on the downstream side of the acoustic damper 40.
- air leaks from the inside of the attenuation space 37 of the acoustic damper 40 it is known that the temperature of the combustion gas is lowered in a region near the acoustic damper 40. That is, unburned carbides such as CO are easily generated in this region.
- a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
- symbol is attached
- a throttle ring 60 ⁇ / b> B is attached to the inner peripheral side of the combustion cylinder 24 instead of the throttle piece 60 in the first embodiment.
- the aperture ring 60B is provided on the downstream side of the acoustic damper 40, as in the first embodiment.
- the throttle ring 60B has an annular shape centered on the combustor axis Ac.
- the throttle ring 60B has a fixed portion 61B that extends in the direction of the combustor axis Ac along the inner peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder 24, and a throttle ring main body 62C that is integrally attached to the downstream end of the fixed portion 61B. is doing.
- the outer peripheral surface of the fixed portion 61B is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder 24.
- the throttle ring main body 62C is inclined in a direction intersecting the combustor axis Ac.
- the throttle ring main body 62C extends from the radially inner side to the outer side as it goes from the upstream side to the downstream side.
- a surface facing the radially inner side of the aperture ring main body 62C is an aperture surface SB.
- the throttle surface SB faces the main flow that flows in the combustion cylinder 24.
- a plurality of air holes H are formed in the portion of the combustion cylinder 24 where the throttle ring main body 62C is located. These air holes H are holes that penetrate the combustion cylinder 24 in the radial direction. A plurality of air holes H are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the combustor axis Ac. External air is taken into the inner peripheral side of the combustion cylinder 24 through the air holes H, whereby the throttle ring main body 62C is cooled and protected from the radiant heat of the combustion gas.
- an angular groove-like cavity 70 that is recessed from the outer peripheral surface toward the radially inner side is formed.
- the upstream surface is an upstream surface 71
- the downstream surface is a downstream surface 72
- the surface connecting the upstream surface 71 and the downstream surface 72 is a bottom surface 73 that extends in the direction of the combustor axis Ac.
- the end portions of the plurality of cooling channels 31 described above are opened. That is, the cavity 70 is formed so as to straddle the plurality of cooling flow paths 31.
- Such a cavity 70 is formed in the circumferential direction along the outer peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder 24.
- a joint 80 extending in the radial direction of the combustor axis Ac is formed between the bottom surface 73 of the cavity 70 and the inner peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder 24.
- the joint 80 is interposed between the end surfaces generated when the combustion cylinder 24 is divided in the upstream and downstream directions. More specifically, the joint 80 is formed by arc welding or the like.
- the combustion cylinder 24 is divided into two parts (cylindrical half parts) with the joint 80 interposed therebetween. Specifically, a portion located on the upstream side of the joint portion 80 is an upstream half body portion 24A, and a portion located on the downstream side is a downstream half body portion 24B.
- the throttle ring 60B is attached to the inner peripheral surface of the upstream half body 24A.
- the cavity 70 is covered with a lid 90 from the outer peripheral side.
- the lid 90 is an annular member having an inner diameter that is the same as or slightly larger than the outer peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder 24. Furthermore, the dimension of the lid 90 in the combustor axis Ac direction is set sufficiently larger than the dimension of the cavity 70 in the combustor axis Ac direction.
- the step of forming the cavity 70 in the combustor 3 (cylinder) and the pair of cylinder halves are formed by dividing the combustion cylinder 24.
- a process, a process of attaching the aperture ring 60B to one cylindrical half part, a process of joining the cylindrical half parts to each other, and a process of attaching the lid 90 (see FIG. 14).
- the cavity 70 is formed in a desired region on the outer peripheral side of the combustion cylinder 24 (cavity forming step S1).
- the combustion cylinder 24 is cut from the bottom surface 73 of the cavity 70 toward the inner peripheral side of the combustion cylinder 24.
- the combustion cylinder 24 is divided
- the throttle ring 60B is attached to the inner peripheral surface of the upstream half body 24A.
- the fixing part 61B of the throttle ring 60B is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the upstream half part 24A by welding or the like (throttle ring mounting step S3: FIG. 9).
- the upstream half body 24A and the downstream half body 24B with the throttle ring 60B attached are joined (joining step S4: FIG. 10).
- the positions in the circumferential direction of the opening of the cooling flow path 31 in the upstream surface 71 of the cavity 70 and the opening of the cooling flow path 31 in the downstream surface 72 may not necessarily coincide with each other. They may be offset from each other in the circumferential direction.
- the lid 90 is attached to the combustion cylinder 24 (the upstream half 24A and the downstream half 24B) joined as described above so as to cover the cavity 70 from the outer peripheral side (the lid).
- Body attachment process S5 Thereby, airtightness with the cavity 70 and the cooling flow path 31 and the exterior is ensured.
- one cylindrical body is formed after the combustion cylinder 24 that forms an integral part is divided into two cylindrical half parts (an upstream half part 24A and a downstream half part 24B), one cylindrical body is formed.
- a diaphragm ring 60B is attached to the inner peripheral side of the half body.
- the cavity 70 when the cavity 70 is not formed, it is necessary to accurately match the circumferential positions of the plurality of cooling flow paths 31 formed inside the wall surface of the combustion cylinder 24, which may reduce workability. There is sex.
- the cylinder half since the cavity 70 extending in the circumferential direction is formed so as to extend over the plurality of cooling flow paths 31, the cylinder half is not considered without considering the circumferential position of the cooling flow paths 31. Body parts can be joined together. Thereby, the combustor 3 with improved performance can be obtained more easily.
- the throttle ring 60B has an annular shape centered on the combustor axis Ac.
- the throttle ring 60B has a fixed portion 61B that extends in the direction of the combustor axis Ac along the inner peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder 24, and a throttle ring main body 62C that is integrally attached to the downstream end of the fixed portion 61B. is doing.
- the outer peripheral surface of the fixed portion 61B is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder 24.
- the throttle ring main body 62C is inclined in a direction intersecting the combustor axis Ac.
- the throttle ring main body 62C extends from the radially inner side to the outer side as it goes from the upstream side to the downstream side.
- a surface facing the radially inner side of the aperture ring main body 62C is an aperture surface SB.
- the throttle surface SB faces the main flow that flows in the combustion cylinder 24.
- a plurality of air holes may be formed in the portion of the combustion cylinder 24 where the throttle ring main body 62C is located.
- the outside air is taken into the inner peripheral side of the combustion cylinder 24 through the air holes, so that the throttle ring main body 62C is cooled, and the radiant heat of the combustion gas is protected.
- the upstream surface is an upstream surface 71 and the downstream surface is a downstream surface 72. Further, the surface connecting the upstream surface 71 and the downstream surface 72 is a bottom surface 73 that extends in the direction of the combustor axis Ac.
- the end portions of the plurality of cooling channels 31 described above are opened. That is, the cavity 70 is formed so as to straddle the plurality of cooling flow paths 31. Note that the positions in the circumferential direction of the opening of the cooling flow path 31 in the upstream surface 71 and the opening of the cooling flow path 31 in the downstream surface 72 do not necessarily coincide with each other, and they are shifted from each other in the circumferential direction. May be.
- Such a cavity 70 is formed in the circumferential direction along the outer peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder 24.
- a joint 80 extending in the radial direction of the combustor axis Ac is formed between the bottom surface 73 of the cavity 70 and the inner peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder 24.
- the joint 80 is interposed between the end surfaces generated when the combustion cylinder 24 is divided in the upstream and downstream directions. More specifically, the joint 80 is formed by arc welding or the like.
- the combustion cylinder 24 is divided into three parts from the upstream side to the downstream side in the direction of the combustor axis Ac across the two joints 80. Specifically, the most upstream portion is the upstream divided body 24U, and the most downstream portion is the downstream divided body 24D. Further, a portion located between the upstream divided body 24U and the downstream divided body 24D is an intermediate divided body 24M. The diaphragm ring 60B is attached to the inner peripheral surface of the intermediate divided body 24M.
- Each cavity 70 is covered with a lid 90 from the outer peripheral side.
- the lid 90 is an annular member having an inner diameter that is the same as or slightly larger than the outer peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder 24. Furthermore, the dimension of the lid 90 in the combustor axis Ac direction is set sufficiently larger than the dimension of the cavity 70 in the combustor axis Ac direction.
- the method for improving the performance of the combustor 3 according to the present embodiment includes the step of forming the cavity 70 in the combustor 3 (cylinder) and the upstream divided body 24U and the intermediate divided body 24M by dividing the combustion cylinder 24. And the step of forming the downstream divided body 24D, the step of attaching the throttle ring 60B to the intermediate divided body 24M, and the upstream divided body 24U, the intermediate divided body 24M, and the downstream divided body 24D are joined together. And a step of attaching the lid 90 (FIG. 17).
- the two cavities 70 are first formed in a desired region on the outer peripheral side of the combustion cylinder 24 (cavity forming step S11).
- the combustion cylinder 24 is cut from the bottom surface 73 of each cavity 70 toward the inner peripheral side of the combustion cylinder 24.
- the combustion cylinder 24 is divided into three in the upstream and downstream directions, and the upstream divided body 24U, the intermediate divided body 24M, and the downstream divided body 24D described above are obtained (cylindrical body dividing step S12: FIG. 13). .
- the diaphragm ring 60B is attached to the intermediate divided body 24M. Specifically, the fixing portion 61B of the throttle ring 60B is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the intermediate divided body 24M by welding or the like (drawer ring mounting step S13: FIG. 14).
- the intermediate divided body 24M to which the throttle ring 60B is attached is joined to the upstream divided body 24U and the downstream divided body 24D (joining step S14: FIG. 15).
- the positions in the circumferential direction of the opening of the cooling flow path 31 opened in the upstream surface 71 of each cavity 70 and the opening of the cooling flow path 31 opened in the downstream surface 72 are not necessarily the same. They may not be present, and they may be displaced from each other in the circumferential direction.
- the lid body 90 is attached to the combustion cylinder 24 in the state joined as described above so as to cover the cavity 70 from the outer peripheral side (lid body attaching step S15). Thereby, airtightness with the cavity 70 and the cooling flow path 31 and the exterior is ensured. Thus, all the steps of the method for improving the performance of the combustor 3 according to the present embodiment are completed.
- the inner circumferential side of the intermediate divided body 24M is attached to the. Accordingly, for example, even when the throttle ring 60B is applied to the combustor 3 that has already been assembled, or when the throttle ring 60B is applied to a region that is difficult to access from the opening end of the cylindrical body, Work can be done.
- the cavity 70 when the cavity 70 is not formed, it is necessary to accurately match the circumferential positions of the plurality of cooling flow paths 31 formed inside the wall surface of the combustion cylinder 24, which may reduce workability. There is sex.
- the upstream division is performed without considering the circumferential position of the cooling flow paths 31.
- the body 24U, the intermediate divided body 24M, and the downstream divided body 24D can be joined. Thereby, the combustor 3 with improved performance can be obtained more easily.
- the intermediate divided body 24M can be moved independently from the upstream divided body 24U and the downstream divided body 24D, each of the above steps is performed in a limited space around the combustor 3, for example. High workability can be ensured as compared with the case of execution.
- the embodiments of the present invention have been described above. Various modifications can be made to the above configuration and method without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the application target of each process described in the method for improving the performance of the combustor 3 is not limited to the combustor 3 alone. If there is a request to attach a structure to the inner peripheral side of a cylindrical body having a closed space formed inside, the same steps can be applied to any device.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2016年03月29日に日本に出願された特願2016-065018号について優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
しかしながら、上記の構成によれば、音響ダンパの下流側に絞りピースが設けられていることから、絞りピースの絞り面によって渦が形成される。この渦によって、音響ダンパの下流側の領域における空気と燃焼ガスとの混合が促進されるため、未燃炭化物の生成を抑えることができる。
しかしながら、上記の構成によれば、音響ダンパの下流側に絞り環が設けられていることから、絞り環の絞り面によって渦が形成される。この渦によって、音響ダンパの下流側の領域における空気と燃焼ガスとの混合が促進されるため、未燃炭化物の生成を抑えることができる。
また、上記のキャビティが形成されていない場合、筒体の壁面内部に形成された複数の冷却流路同士の周方向位置を正確に一致させる必要が生じるため、作業性が低下する可能性がある。しかしながら、上記方法によれば、複数の冷却流路にまたがるようにして周方向に延びるキャビティが形成されているため、これら冷却流路の周方向位置を考慮することなく、筒体半体部同士を接合することができる。これにより、性能の向上した燃焼器をより容易に得ることができる。
また、上記のキャビティが形成されていない場合、筒体の壁面内部に形成された複数の冷却流路同士の周方向位置を正確に一致させる必要が生じるため、作業性が低下する可能性がある。しかしながら、上記方法によれば、複数の冷却流路にまたがるようにして周方向に延びるキャビティが形成されているため、これら冷却流路の周方向位置を考慮することなく、上流側分割体、中間分割体、及び下流側分割体を接合することができる。これにより、性能の向上した燃焼器をより容易に得ることができる。
加えて、上記の中間分割体は、上流側分割体、及び下流側分割体から独立して移動させることができるため、例えば燃焼器周辺の限られたスペースで上記の各工程を実行する場合に比べて高い作業性を確保することもできる。
本発明の第一実施形態について、図1から図4を参照して説明する。図1に示すように、本実施形態に係るガスタービン1は、圧縮機2と、燃焼器3と、タービン5と、を備えている。
他の例としては、燃焼筒24の開孔端部から、絞りピース60を取り付けたい領域に直接アクセスして作業を行うことも考えられる。しかしながら、この方法では、狭隘な燃焼筒24内部で溶接等の作業を進める必要があることから、作業性が低下するのみならず、満足の行く作業結果を得られない可能性がある。また、この方法では、大掛かりな分解作業が必要となるため、現用中の燃焼器3に絞りピース60を適用する場合には現実的とは言えない。この点で、本実施形態に係る構成は有利である。
次に、本発明の第二実施形態について、図6から図10を参照して説明する。なお、上記実施形態と同様の構成については同一の符号を付し、詳細な説明を省略する。図6に示すように、本実施形態では、上記第一実施形態における絞りピース60に代えて、絞り環60Bが燃焼筒24の内周側に取り付けられている。絞り環60Bは、上記第一実施形態と同様に、音響ダンパ40の下流側に設けられている。
次に、本発明の第三実施形態について、図11から図15、及び図17を参照して説明する。なお、上記各実施形態と同様の構成については同一の符号を付し、詳細な説明を省略する。図11に示すように、本実施形態では、絞り環60Bが燃焼筒24の内周側に取り付けられている。絞り環60Bは、上記各実施形態と同様に、音響ダンパ40の下流側に設けられている。
例えば、上記の燃焼器3の性能向上方法で説明した各工程について、その適用対象は燃焼器3のみに限定されるものではない。閉塞された空間が内側に形成された筒体の内周側に構造物を取り付ける要請がある場合であれば、いかなる装置に対しても同様の各工程を適用することが可能である。
2…圧縮機
3…燃焼器
5…タービン
6…圧縮機ロータ
7…圧縮機ケーシング
8…圧縮機動翼
9…圧縮機動翼段
10…圧縮機静翼
11…圧縮機静翼段
12…タービンロータ
13…タービンケーシング
14…タービン動翼
15…タービン動翼段
16…タービン静翼
17…タービン静翼段
18…ガスタービンロータ
19…ガスタービンケーシング
21…外筒
22…ノズル
23…スワラ支持筒
24…燃焼筒
24A…上流側半体部
24B…下流側半体部
24D…下流側分割体
24M…中間分割体
24U…上流側分割体
29…内側板
30…外側板
31…冷却流路
32…多孔領域
33…ハウジング
34…孔部
35…主板
36…側板
37…減衰空間
40…音響ダンパ
50…スリット
60…絞りピース
60B…絞り環
61…基部
61B…固定部
62…ピース本体
62A…接続部
62B…テーパ部
62C…絞り環本体
63…リブ
64…空気孔
70…キャビティ
71…上流面
72…下流面
73…底面
80…接合部
90…蓋体
Ac…燃焼器軸線
As…軸線
G…発電機
H…空気孔
S…絞り面
Sb…絞り面
Claims (7)
- 燃料を噴射する燃料ノズルと、
前記燃料の燃焼によって生成された燃焼ガスが流通する燃焼領域が内側に形成される筒状をなし、周方向に間隔をあけて該周方向に延びる複数のスリットが形成された筒体と、 前記スリットに嵌め込まれるとともに、前記筒体の内周側から径方向内側に突出し、径方向外側から内側に向かうに従って前記燃焼ガスの流通方向に延びる絞り面を有する絞りピースと、
を備える燃焼器。 - 前記筒体の外周側に配置され、前記筒体の内部と連通する減衰空間が内側に形成された音響ダンパを備え、
前記絞りピースは、前記音響ダンパよりも下流側に設けられている請求項1に記載の燃焼器。 - 燃料を噴射する燃料ノズルと、
前記燃料の燃焼によって生成された燃焼ガスが流通する燃焼領域が内側に形成される筒状をなすとともに、壁面内部に前記燃焼ガスの流通方向に延び、冷却空気が流通する複数の冷却流路が形成されている筒体と、
前記筒体の内周側から径方向内側に突出し、径方向外側から内側に向かうに従って前記流通方向に延びる絞り面を有するとともに、前記筒体の内周側で周方向に延びる環状の絞り環と、
を備え、
前記筒体の外周面上であって、前記絞り環よりも下流側の部分には、該外周面から径方向内側に向かって凹没するとともに、前記複数の冷却流路にまたがって周方向に延びるキャビティが形成され、
該キャビティを径方向外側から覆う蓋体をさらに備える燃焼器。 - 燃料を噴射する燃料ノズルと、
前記燃料の燃焼によって生成された燃焼ガスが流通する燃焼領域が内側に形成される筒状をなすとともに、壁面内部に前記燃焼ガスの流通方向に延び、冷却空気が流通する複数の冷却流路が形成されている筒体と、
前記筒体の内周側から径方向内側に突出し、径方向外側から内側に向かうに従って前記流通方向に延びる絞り面を有するとともに、前記筒体の内周側で周方向に延びる環状の絞り環と、
を備え、
前記筒体の外周面上であって、前記絞り環の設けられる位置を基準として前記流通方向の両側には、該外周面から径方向内側に向かって凹没するとともに、前記複数の冷却流路にまたがって周方向に延びる一対のキャビティが形成され、
各前記キャビティを径方向外側から覆う蓋体をさらに備える燃焼器。 - 前記筒体の外周側に配置され、前記筒体の内部と連通する減衰空間が内側に形成された音響ダンパを備え、
前記絞り環は、前記音響ダンパよりも下流側に設けられている請求項3又は4に記載の燃焼器。 - 壁面内部に、燃焼ガスの流通方向に延び、冷却空気が流通する複数の冷却流路が形成されている筒体と、
前記筒体の内周側から径方向内側に突出し、径方向外側から内側に向かうに従って前記流通方向に延びる絞り面を有するとともに、前記筒体の内周側で周方向に延びる環状の絞り環と、
を備える燃焼器の性能向上方法であって、
前記筒体の外周面に、該外周面から径方向内側に向かって凹没するとともに、前記複数の冷却流路にまたがって周方向に延びるキャビティを形成する工程と、
前記筒体を前記キャビティに沿って前記流通方向に2つに分割することで、一対の筒体半体部を形成する工程と、
前記一対の筒体半体部のうちのいずれか一方の筒体半体部の内周側に前記絞り環を取り付ける工程と、
前記絞り環が取り付けられた一方の前記筒体半体部に、他方の前記筒体半体部を接合する工程と、
前記キャビティを覆う蓋体を取り付ける工程と、
を含む燃焼器の性能向上方法。 - 壁面内部に、燃焼ガスの流通方向に延び、冷却空気が流通する複数の冷却流路が形成されている筒体と、
前記筒体の内周側から径方向内側に突出し、径方向外側から内側に向かうに従って前記流通方向に延びる絞り面を有するとともに、前記筒体の内周側で周方向に延びる環状の絞り環と、
を備える燃焼器の性能向上方法であって、
前記筒体の外周面に、前記流通方向に間隔をあけて配列され、該外周面から径方向内側に向かって凹没するとともに、前記複数の冷却流路にまたがって周方向に延びる一対のキャビティを形成する工程と、
前記筒体を一対の前記キャビティに沿って前記流通方向に3つに分割することで、上流側分割体、中間分割体、及び下流側分割体を形成する工程と、
前記中間分割体の内周側に前記絞り環を取り付ける工程と、
前記絞り環が取り付けられた前記中間分割体に、前記上流側分割体、及び前記下流側分割体をそれぞれ接合する工程と、
前記一対のキャビティを覆う蓋体をそれぞれ取り付ける工程と、
を含む燃焼器の性能向上方法。
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KR102124301B1 (ko) | 2020-06-18 |
DE112017001792T5 (de) | 2018-12-20 |
DE112017001792B4 (de) | 2021-07-01 |
KR20180112006A (ko) | 2018-10-11 |
US10995956B2 (en) | 2021-05-04 |
US20190113231A1 (en) | 2019-04-18 |
CN108779919B (zh) | 2021-01-15 |
JP2017180899A (ja) | 2017-10-05 |
CN108779919A (zh) | 2018-11-09 |
JP6843513B2 (ja) | 2021-03-17 |
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