WO2017166767A1 - 一种信息处理方法和移动装置、计算机存储介质 - Google Patents

一种信息处理方法和移动装置、计算机存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017166767A1
WO2017166767A1 PCT/CN2016/101363 CN2016101363W WO2017166767A1 WO 2017166767 A1 WO2017166767 A1 WO 2017166767A1 CN 2016101363 W CN2016101363 W CN 2016101363W WO 2017166767 A1 WO2017166767 A1 WO 2017166767A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vector
mobile device
relative position
angle
target object
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PCT/CN2016/101363
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
董世谦
任冠佼
王野
蒲立
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纳恩博(北京)科技有限公司
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Priority to US15/505,238 priority Critical patent/US10222809B2/en
Publication of WO2017166767A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017166767A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/12Target-seeking control
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/0088Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots characterized by the autonomous decision making process, e.g. artificial intelligence, predefined behaviours
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/0202Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to aircraft
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0212Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory
    • G05D1/0223Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory involving speed control of the vehicle
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0231Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0257Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using a radar

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of target following technology, and in particular, to an information processing method, a mobile device, and a computer storage medium.
  • An autonomous mobile device refers to a device that can realize autonomous movement according to information obtained by itself without external control, such as: implementing autonomous movement control (such as obstacle avoidance) according to detection of an external environment, or autonomous movement based on target following Control and so on.
  • the autonomous mobile device is divided into two dimensions: a two-dimensional autonomous mobile device (such as a ground autonomous mobile device), a three-dimensional autonomous mobile device (such as a drone), and the like.
  • Target follow-up is a common skill that autonomous mobile devices need to have, and how to achieve all-round target follow-up of autonomous mobile devices is a technical problem to be solved by the present invention.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide an information processing method, a mobile device, and a computer storage medium.
  • an information processing method for a mobile device, the method comprising:
  • the second vector being a relative velocity vector between the mobile device and the following target object
  • the third vector is an absolute velocity vector of the target object; and obtaining a first angle according to the third vector, the first clip An angle is an angle between an absolute velocity vector of the mobile device itself and the third vector;
  • a control law for controlling movement of the mobile device is generated according to the first angle.
  • the generating a control law for controlling movement of the mobile device according to the first angle includes:
  • the target relative position is the mobile device according to the a follow-up position that the mobile device obtained by the movement of the target object is to be reached;
  • the first control law is used to control a translation speed of the mobile device, and the first control law drives the first relative position to gradually converge;
  • the second control law is used to control the mobile device The rotational speed, and the second control law drives the second relative position and the first angle to gradually converge.
  • the decomposing the target relative position into the first relative position and the second relative position according to the first angle includes:
  • the first relative position information of the target object relative to the mobile device is represented by a polar coordinate as a second angle ⁇ and a first radial scalar ⁇ , ⁇ x represents the first relative position, and ⁇ y represents the first Two relative positions, ⁇ r represents the first angle.
  • the generating a corresponding second control law according to the second relative position includes:
  • the second control law is obtained according to the first approach angle ⁇ a and the first included angle ⁇ r .
  • the obtaining the first vector includes:
  • first relative position information of the target object with respect to the mobile device being represented by polar coordinates as a second angle ⁇ and a first vector vector ⁇ , wherein the first vector
  • the radial vector ⁇ represents a vector of the mobile device to the target object
  • the second angle ⁇ represents a relationship between the first vector vector ⁇ and the absolute translational velocity vector ⁇ f of the mobile device
  • the obtaining the second vector includes:
  • first relative position information of the target object with respect to the mobile device being represented by polar coordinates as a second angle ⁇ and a first vector vector ⁇ , wherein the first vector
  • the radial vector ⁇ represents a vector of the mobile device to the target object
  • the second angle ⁇ represents a relationship between the first vector vector ⁇ and the absolute translational velocity scalar f of the mobile device Angle
  • the second vector The quantity is expressed in coordinates as:
  • R represents the second vector and ⁇ represents the first radial scalar.
  • a mobile device including:
  • a first vector obtaining unit configured to obtain a first vector for describing a relative speed between the mobile device and the following target object caused by the movement of the first coordinate system fixed by the mobile device The change;
  • a second vector obtaining unit configured to obtain a second vector, the second vector being a relative velocity vector between the mobile device and the following target object;
  • a third vector obtaining unit configured to add the first vector and the second vector to obtain a third vector, where the third vector is an absolute velocity vector of the target object;
  • a first angle obtaining unit configured to obtain a first angle according to the third vector, where the first angle is an angle between an absolute speed vector of the mobile device itself and the third vector;
  • a control law generation unit configured to generate a control law for controlling movement of the mobile device according to the first angle.
  • control law generating unit is further configured to, according to the first angle, decompose the target relative position into a first relative position and a second relative position, and according to the first relative position Generating a corresponding first control law, generating a corresponding second control law according to the second relative position and the first angle;
  • the target relative position is the movement obtained by the mobile device according to the movement of the target object The following position that the device will reach;
  • the first control law is used to control a translation speed of the mobile device, and the first control law drives the first relative position to gradually converge;
  • the second control law is used to control the mobile device The rotational speed, and the second control law drives the second relative position and the first angle to gradually converge.
  • control law generating unit is further configured to set a positive X-axis direction of the second coordinate system in a second coordinate system constructed by using the following target object as a coordinate origin.
  • the coordinates of the target relative position are x 0 , y 0 ; the first relative position and the second relative position are expressed as follows:
  • the first relative position information of the target object relative to the mobile device is represented by a polar coordinate as a second angle ⁇ and a first radial scalar ⁇ , ⁇ x represents the first relative position, and ⁇ y represents the first Two relative positions, ⁇ r represents the first angle.
  • the first vector obtaining unit is further configured to:
  • first relative position information of the target object with respect to the mobile device being represented by polar coordinates as a second angle ⁇ and a first vector vector ⁇ , wherein the first vector
  • the radial vector ⁇ represents a vector of the mobile device to the target object
  • the second angle ⁇ represents a relationship between the first vector vector ⁇ and the absolute translational velocity vector ⁇ f of the mobile device
  • the second vector obtaining unit is further configured to:
  • first relative position information of the target object with respect to the mobile device being represented by polar coordinates as a second angle ⁇ and a first vector vector ⁇ , wherein the first vector
  • the radial vector ⁇ represents a vector of the mobile device to the target object
  • the second angle ⁇ represents a relationship between the first vector vector ⁇ and the absolute translational velocity scalar f of the mobile device Angle
  • R represents the second vector and ⁇ represents the first radial scalar.
  • a computer storage medium stores computer executable instructions configured to perform information processing according to an embodiment of the present invention. method.
  • An information processing method and a mobile device and a computer storage medium provided by embodiments of the present invention enable a mobile device to follow any specified location of a target object (ie, achieve full-scale follow-up), not only allowing the mobile device to follow the target object
  • the rear also allows the mobile device to follow the target object.
  • the target following in the embodiment of the present invention does not need to know the absolute position between the mobile device and the object to be followed, but only needs to know the relative position between the mobile device and the object to be followed.
  • the target following in the embodiment of the present invention only needs to use the relative position sensor mounted on the mobile device to acquire the position of the following object relative to the autonomous mobile device; without the absolute position sensor (such as GPS) participating, thereby avoiding Inconvenience such as GPS needs to locate the star in the outdoor.
  • the absolute position sensor such as GPS
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an information processing method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of mathematical modeling according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control relationship according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • An information processing method is applied to a mobile device, where the mobile device refers to a device capable of autonomous movement, and the so-called autonomous movement refers to realizing the information obtained according to itself without external control.
  • Autonomous movement such as: autonomous movement control (such as obstacle avoidance, path planning) based on detection of the external environment, or autonomous movement control based on target following.
  • Common mobile devices such as self-balancing vehicles, drones, and the like.
  • the method mainly includes:
  • Step 101 Obtain a first vector, which is used to describe a change in relative speed between the mobile device and the following target object caused by the movement of the first coordinate system fixed by the mobile device.
  • the vector (Vector) in the embodiment of the present invention refers to a mathematical quantity having a size and a direction, which can be used to represent speed, position, force, and the like, and the addition and subtraction operations follow the parallelogram rule.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of mathematical modeling according to an embodiment of the present invention. Constructing a first coordinate system of the mobile device fixation (ie, the coordinate system of x f in the horizontal axis and the y f in the vertical axis in FIG. 2), and the target device of the mobile device and the following in the first coordinate system of the fixed device of the mobile device The motion relationship is shown in Figure 2.
  • the mobile device is provided with a relative position sensor, and the first relative position information of the target object being tracked relative to the mobile device is measured at a certain time, and is represented by the polar coordinate as the angle ⁇ and the first vector vector ⁇ .
  • the first vector vector ⁇ represents a vector of the mobile device to the target object
  • the angle ⁇ represents the first vector vector ⁇ and the absolute translation speed vector ⁇ f of the mobile device.
  • the translational velocity vector of the mobile device relative to the ground is ⁇ f
  • the rotational velocity vector relative to the ground is ⁇ f
  • ⁇ f and ⁇ f can be obtained by the code wheel measurement of the mobile device
  • the encoder is also called an encoder.
  • ) is a sensor that converts rotary motion into electrical signals and can be used to detect wheel speed, mechanical joint angle, and the like.
  • the first vector F is used to describe a change in the relative speed between the mobile device and the following target object caused by the movement of the first coordinate system fixed by the mobile device.
  • Step 102 Obtain a second vector, where the second vector is a relative velocity vector between the mobile device and the following target object.
  • Step 102 can be specifically implemented as follows:
  • first relative position information of the target object relative to the mobile device being represented by polar coordinates as an angle ⁇ and a first vector vector ⁇ , wherein the first vector vector ⁇ represents a vector of the moving device to the target object, the angle ⁇ representing an angle between the first vector vector ⁇ and an absolute translational speed scalar ⁇ f of the mobile device;
  • R represents the second vector and ⁇ represents the first radial scalar.
  • the differential operation can be implemented by a differentiator, which is a signal processing link that can extract the derivative of the sequence from a time series.
  • Step 103 adding the first vector and the second vector to obtain a third vector, where the third vector is an absolute velocity vector of the target object, and obtaining a first angle according to the third vector,
  • the first angle is the angle between the absolute speed vector of the mobile device itself and the third vector.
  • the angle between the absolute speed vector of the mobile device itself and the vector T can be obtained according to the vector T, which is referred to as the first angle; wherein the absolute speed vector of the mobile device itself It can be obtained by the code wheel measurement of the mobile device.
  • Step 104 Generate a control law for controlling movement of the mobile device according to the first angle.
  • Step 104 can be specifically implemented as follows:
  • the target relative position is a following position that the mobile device is to obtain according to the movement of the target object by the mobile device;
  • the first control law is used to control a translation speed of the mobile device, and the first control The law drives the first relative position to gradually converge;
  • the second control law is used to control the rotational speed of the mobile device, and the second control law drives the second relative position and the first angle to gradually converge .
  • the splitting the target relative position into the first relative position and the second relative position according to the first angle includes:
  • the first relative position information of the target object relative to the mobile device is represented by a polar coordinate as a second angle ⁇ and a first radial scalar ⁇ , ⁇ x represents the first relative position, and ⁇ y represents the first Two relative positions, ⁇ r represents the first angle.
  • the second control law is obtained according to the first approach angle ⁇ a and the first included angle ⁇ r .
  • step 104 is described in detail below in conjunction with FIG.
  • a second coordinate system is established with the following target object (Object), and the positive X-axis direction of the second coordinate system coincides with the moving direction V object of the target object.
  • the sitting mark of the mobile device relative to the target relative position (Target) of the following target object is (x 0 , y 0 ), wherein the target relative position refers to the mobile device according to the mobile device
  • the following position obtained by the movement of the target object to be reached by the mobile device for example, the target object moves from point A to point B, and the mobile device obtains that its position following the target object will move from point A1 to point B1.
  • the coordinates of point B1 are (x 0 , y 0 ).
  • ⁇ r represents the first angle, which is the angle between the absolute velocity vector ⁇ r of the mobile device itself and the absolute velocity vector V object of the target object, which can be obtained by implementing the aforementioned steps 101-103; Decomposing the target relative position (x 0 , y 0 ) into a first relative position and a second relative position according to the first angle ⁇ r , that is, calculating a deviation ( ⁇ x, ⁇ y) between the moving device and the target relative position, wherein
  • ⁇ x represents the deviation of the relative position of the mobile device from the target in the X-axis direction
  • ⁇ y represents the movement The deviation of the relative position of the device from the target in the Y-axis direction
  • represents the second angle when the first relative position information of the target object with respect to the moving device is expressed in polar coordinates.
  • the purpose of embodiments of the present invention is to generate a control law that gradually converges ⁇ x and ⁇ y by gradually implementing ⁇ x and ⁇ y to zero to implement the moving device to gradually move to (x 0 , y 0 ).
  • the control laws that gradually converge ⁇ x and ⁇ y can be designed as follows:
  • the control law may be a Proportion-Integral-Differential (PID) control law, or may be other control laws, which are not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the closed loop control in the embodiment of the present invention means that, for a dynamic system, the system input is adjusted according to a certain rule by comparing the deviation between a given output target and the actual output. The actual output of the system converges to a given target, achieving the purpose of speeding up the system response and resisting internal and external disturbances.
  • the second embodiment of the present invention further provides a mobile device.
  • the device includes:
  • the first vector obtaining unit 10 is configured to obtain a first vector for describing a relative relationship between the mobile device and the following target object caused by the movement of the first coordinate system fixed by the mobile device Change in speed;
  • a second vector obtaining unit 20 configured to obtain a second vector, where the second vector is a relative velocity vector between the mobile device and the following target object;
  • the third vector obtaining unit 30 is connected to the first vector obtaining unit 10 and the second vector obtaining unit 20, Configuring to add the first vector and the second vector to obtain a third vector, the third vector being an absolute velocity vector of the target object;
  • a first angle obtaining unit 40 coupled to the third vector obtaining unit 30, configured to obtain a first angle according to the third vector, the first angle being an absolute speed vector of the mobile device itself and the first The angle between the three vectors;
  • the control law generation unit 50 is connected to the first angle obtaining unit 40 and configured to generate a control law for controlling the movement of the mobile device according to the first angle.
  • control law generating unit 50 is further configured to, according to the first angle, decompose the target relative position into a first relative position and a second relative position, and generate a corresponding according to the first relative position.
  • a first control law generating a corresponding second control law according to the second relative position and the first angle;
  • the target relative position is that the mobile device obtained by the mobile device according to the movement of the target object is to be reached
  • the first control law is used to control a translation speed of the mobile device, and the first control law drives the first relative position to gradually converge;
  • the second control law is used to control the mobile device The rotational speed, and the second control law drives the second relative position and the first angle to gradually converge.
  • control law generating unit 50 is further configured to set a positive X-axis direction of the second coordinate system in a second coordinate system constructed by using the following target object as a coordinate origin.
  • the moving direction of the target object coincides; in the second coordinate system, the coordinates of the target relative position are x 0 , y 0 ; the first relative position and the second relative position are expressed as follows:
  • the first relative position information of the target object relative to the mobile device is represented by a polar coordinate as a first angle ⁇ and a first radial scalar ⁇ , ⁇ x represents the first relative position, and ⁇ y represents the first Two relative positions, ⁇ r represents the first angle.
  • the first vector obtaining unit 10 is further configured to:
  • first relative position information of the target object with respect to the mobile device being represented by polar coordinates as a first angle ⁇ and a first vector vector ⁇ , wherein the first vector a path ⁇ represents a vector of the moving device to the target object, the first angle ⁇ representing a clip between the first vector vector ⁇ and an absolute translational velocity vector ⁇ f of the mobile device angle;
  • the second vector obtaining unit 20 is further configured to obtain first relative position information of the target object with respect to the mobile device, the first relative position information being represented by the polar coordinates as the first An angle ⁇ and a first vector vector ⁇ , wherein the first vector vector ⁇ represents a vector vector of the mobile device to the target object, and the first angle ⁇ represents the first vector The angle between the vector ⁇ and the absolute translational velocity scalar ⁇ f of the mobile device;
  • R represents the second vector and ⁇ represents the first radial scalar.
  • first vector obtaining unit 10 may be processed by a processor of the mobile device.
  • MCU mobile device
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA logic programmable gate array
  • the mobile device can be followed at any specified position of the target object (ie, full-scale follow-up), not only allowing the mobile device to follow the target object, but also allowing the mobile device to follow In front of the target object.
  • the target following in the embodiment of the present invention does not need to know the absolute position between the mobile device and the object to be followed, but only needs to know the relative position between the mobile device and the object to be followed. Therefore, the target of the embodiment of the present invention only needs to use the relative position sensor mounted on the mobile device to acquire the position of the object to be followed relative to the autonomous mobile device, such as UWB (Ultra Wideband) positioning.
  • UWB Ultra Wideband
  • the mobile device of the embodiment of the present invention may be a self-balancing vehicle, an electric multi-wheel vehicle, a drone, or the like.
  • any device capable of autonomous movement should be suitable for use in embodiments of the invention.
  • the method and apparatus of the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below by taking a self-balancing vehicle as an example.
  • a self-balancing vehicle with a differential wheel can perform forward and steering movements, but cannot move laterally; see Figure 2, in the first coordinate system fixed with the self-balancing vehicle (ie, the horizontal axis is x f in Figure 2, the vertical axis For the coordinate system of y f ), the self-balancing car has the following relationship with the movement of the following target object:
  • the self-balancing vehicle has a relative position sensor, and at a certain moment, the first relative position information of the target object to be tracked relative to the self-balancing vehicle is measured, and the polar angle is represented by the angle ⁇ and the first vector vector ⁇ ;
  • the first vector vector ⁇ represents a vector of the self-balancing vehicle to the target object, and the angle ⁇ represents a relationship between the first vector vector ⁇ and the absolute translational speed vector ⁇ f of the self-balancing vehicle. Angle.
  • the translational velocity vector of the mobile device relative to the ground is ⁇ f
  • the rotational velocity vector relative to the ground is ⁇ f
  • ⁇ f and ⁇ f can be obtained by the code wheel measurement of the mobile device.
  • the second vector R represents a relative velocity vector between the self-balancing vehicle and the following target object, and the first relative position information can be directly differentiated by a differentiator, if expressed in a coordinate manner:
  • R represents the second vector and ⁇ represents the first radial scalar.
  • the absolute speed vector of the self-balancing vehicle itself and the vector can be obtained according to the vector, which is referred to as the first angle; wherein the absolute speed vector of the self-balancing vehicle itself can pass the self-balancing The car's code wheel measurement is obtained.
  • the design of the controller of the self-balancing vehicle is as follows:
  • a second coordinate system is established with the object being followed, and the positive X-axis direction of the second coordinate system coincides with the moving direction (V object ) of the target object.
  • the coordinates of the target relative position Target of the self-balancing vehicle with respect to the following target object are (x 0 , y 0 ).
  • the deviation between the self-balancing vehicle and the target relative position (x 0 , y 0 ) is ( ⁇ x, ⁇ y).
  • the angle ⁇ r between the target object and the absolute speed vector of the self-balancing vehicle itself can be obtained, where:
  • ⁇ x represents the deviation of the self-balancing vehicle from the target relative position in the x-axis direction
  • ⁇ y represents the deviation of the self-balancing vehicle from the target relative position in the Y-axis direction
  • represents the first relative of the target object with respect to the self-balancing vehicle.
  • An object of embodiments of the present invention is to generate a control law that gradually converges ⁇ x and ⁇ y by gradually implementing ⁇ x and ⁇ y to zero to implement a self-balancing vehicle to gradually move to (x 0 , y 0 ).
  • the control laws that gradually converge ⁇ x and ⁇ y can be designed as follows:
  • the control law may be a PID control law, or may be other control laws, which are not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the relative position sensor of the third embodiment of the present invention may employ a UWB positioning sensor, an ultrasonic ranging sensor, an infrared ranging sensor, a sonar sensor, a radar, a machine vision sensor, and the like.
  • a mathematical model of the relative position sensor measurement data is first established, and the mathematical model includes the relative position, the movement of the self-balancing vehicle itself (ie, the measurement data of the wheel code disc), and the moving speed of the following target object. .
  • the relative position of the sensor is differentiated by the differentiator to obtain the relative speed.
  • the coordinate transformation method is used to eliminate the influence of the device's own motion (obtained by the wheel code disc) on the speed measurement, and the angle between the absolute speed directions of the self-balancing vehicle and the object to be followed is obtained.
  • the relative position is decomposed into the horizontal relative position and the longitudinal relative position, and the cascade closed-loop controller is designed for the lateral relative position, so that the longitudinal relative position deviation and the velocity direction deviation converge to 0, to ensure the stability of the system.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned self-balancing vehicle, and can also be applied to an autonomous mobile device such as an electric multi-wheeled vehicle or a drone.
  • the mobile device can be followed at any given location of the target object, not only allowing the mobile device to follow the target object, but also allowing the mobile device to follow the target object.
  • the target following method of the embodiment of the present invention does not need to know the absolute position between the mobile device and the object to be followed, but only needs to know the mobile device and The relative position between the objects being followed.
  • the target following method of the embodiment of the present invention only needs to use the relative position sensor mounted on the mobile device to acquire the position of the following object relative to the autonomous mobile device; without the absolute position sensor (such as GPS) participating, thereby It avoids the inconvenience that GPS needs to locate the star in the outdoor.
  • the absolute position sensor such as GPS
  • the disclosed methods, apparatus, and electronic devices may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner such as: multiple units or components may be combined, or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the coupling, or direct coupling, or communication connection of the components shown or discussed may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be electrical, mechanical or other forms. of.
  • the units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as the unit may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units; Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may be separately used as one unit, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit;
  • the unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.
  • the foregoing program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the program is executed when executed.
  • the foregoing storage device includes the following steps: the foregoing storage medium includes: a mobile storage device, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • magnetic disk or an optical disk.
  • optical disk A medium that can store program code.
  • the above-described integrated unit of the embodiment of the present invention may be stored in a computer readable storage medium if it is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as a stand-alone product.
  • the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product in essence or in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including a plurality of instructions.
  • a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) is caused to perform all or part of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a removable storage device, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like, which can store program codes.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer readable storage medium, the storage medium comprising a set of computer executable instructions for performing the information processing method according to the embodiment of the present invention.

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  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

一种应用于移动装置的信息处理方法,移动装置和计算机存储介质。其中该信息处理方法包括:获得第一矢量,所述第一矢量用于描述所述移动装置固联的第一坐标系自身运动引起的所述移动装置与跟随的目标对象之间的相对速度的变化(101);获得第二矢量,所述第二矢量为所述移动装置与所述跟随的目标对象之间的相对速度矢量(102);将所述第一矢量和第二矢量相加获得第三矢量,所述第三矢量为所述目标对象的绝对速度矢量;并根据所述第三矢量获得第一夹角,所述第一夹角为所述移动装置自身的绝对速度矢量与所述第三矢量之间的夹角(103);根据所述第一夹角生成用于控制所述移动装置移动的控制律(104)。

Description

一种信息处理方法和移动装置、计算机存储介质 技术领域
本发明涉及目标跟随技术领域,尤其涉及一种信息处理方法和移动装置、计算机存储介质。
背景技术
自主移动装置是指一种无需外部控制而能够根据自身所获得的信息实现自主移动的装置,如:根据对外部环境的检测实现自主移动控制(如避障),或,基于目标跟随的自主移动控制等等。对自主移动装置按移动维度进行划分,可以至少划分为二维自主移动装置(如地面自主移动装置)、三维自主移动装置(如无人机)等等。目标跟随是自主移动装置需要具备的一项常用技能,而怎样实现自主移动装置的全方位目标跟随是本发明要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为解决现有存在的技术问题,本发明的实施例提供一种信息处理方法和移动装置、计算机存储介质。
本发明实施例是这样实现的:
在本发明的一实施例中,提供了一种信息处理方法,应用于移动装置,所述方法包括:
获得第一矢量,所述第一矢量用于描述所述移动装置固联的第一坐标系自身运动引起的所述移动装置与跟随的目标对象之间的相对速度的变化;
获得第二矢量,所述第二矢量为所述移动装置与所述跟随的目标对象之间的相对速度矢量;
将所述第一矢量和第二矢量相加获得第三矢量,所述第三矢量为所述目标对象的绝对速度矢量;并根据所述第三矢量获得第一夹角,所述第一夹角为所述移动装置自身的绝对速度矢量与所述第三矢量之间的夹角;
根据所述第一夹角生成用于控制所述移动装置移动的控制律。
在一可实施方式中,所述根据第一夹角生成用于控制移动装置移动的控制律包括:
根据所述第一夹角,将目标相对位置分解为第一相对位置和第二相对位置,并根据所述第一相对位置生成对应的第一控制律,根据所述第二相对位置和第一夹角生成对应的第二控制律;所述目标相对位置为所述移动装置根据所 述目标对象的移动获得的所述移动装置将要达到的跟随位置;
其中,所述第一控制律用于控制所述移动装置的平动速度,且所述第一控制律驱动所述第一相对位置逐渐收敛;所述第二控制律用于控制所述移动装置的转动速度,且所述第二控制律驱动所述第二相对位置和第一夹角逐渐收敛。
在一可实施方式中,所述根据第一夹角将目标相对位置分解为第一相对位置和第二相对位置,包括:
在以所述跟随的目标对象为坐标原点构建的第二坐标系下,设定所述第二坐标系的X轴正方向与所述目标对象的运动方向重合;在所述第二坐标系下,所述目标相对位置的坐标为x0、y0;所述第一相对位置和第二相对位置表示如下:
Δχ=χ0-ρcos(α-θγ)
Δy=y0-ρsin(α-θγ)
其中,所述目标对象相对于所述移动装置的第一相对位置信息用极坐标表示为第二夹角α和第一矢径标量ρ,Δx表示所述第一相对位置,Δy表示所述第二相对位置,θr表示所述第一夹角。
在一可实施方式中,所述根据第二相对位置生成对应的第二控制律,包括:
根据所述第二相对位置获得第一接近角θα=Δy×k,θa表示所述第一接近角,k表示比例系数;
根据所述第一接近角θa和第一夹角θr获得所述第二控制律。
在一可实施方式中,所述获得第一矢量包括:
获得所述目标对象相对于所述移动装置的第一相对位置信息,所述第一相对位置信息用极坐标表示为第二夹角α和第一矢径矢量ρ,其中,所述第一矢径矢量ρ表示所述移动装置到所述目标对象的矢径矢量,所述第二夹角α表示所述第一矢径矢量ρ与所述移动装置的绝对平动速度矢量υf之间的夹角;
通过以下关系获得所述第一矢量:F=-(ωf×ρ+vf),其中,F表示所述第一矢量,ωf表示所述移动装置的绝对转动速度矢量,υf表示所述移动装置的绝对平动速度矢量。
在一可实施方式中,所述获得第二矢量包括:
获得所述目标对象相对于所述移动装置的第一相对位置信息,所述第一相对位置信息用极坐标表示为第二夹角α和第一矢径矢量ρ,其中,所述第一矢径矢量ρ表示所述移动装置到所述目标对象的矢径矢量,所述第二夹角α表示所述第一矢径矢量ρ与所述移动装置的绝对平动速度标量υf之间的夹角;
根据所述第一相对位置信息进行微分运算得到所述第二矢量,所述第二矢 量以坐标方式表示为:
Figure PCTCN2016101363-appb-000001
其中,R表示所述第二矢量,ρ表示第一矢径标量。
在本发明的另一实施例中,还提供了一种移动装置,包括:
第一矢量获得单元,配置为获得第一矢量,所述第一矢量用于描述所述移动装置固联的第一坐标系自身运动引起的所述移动装置与跟随的目标对象之间的相对速度的变化;
第二矢量获得单元,配置为获得第二矢量,所述第二矢量为所述移动装置与所述跟随的目标对象之间的相对速度矢量;
第三矢量获得单元,配置为将所述第一矢量和第二矢量相加获得第三矢量,所述第三矢量为所述目标对象的绝对速度矢量;
第一夹角获得单元,配置为根据所述第三矢量获得第一夹角,所述第一夹角为所述移动装置自身的绝对速度矢量与所述第三矢量之间的夹角;
控制律生成单元,配置为根据所述第一夹角生成用于控制所述移动装置移动的控制律。
在另一可实施方式中,所述控制律生成单元进一步配置为,根据所述第一夹角,将目标相对位置分解为第一相对位置和第二相对位置,并根据所述第一相对位置生成对应的第一控制律,根据所述第二相对位置和第一夹角生成对应的第二控制律;所述目标相对位置为所述移动装置根据所述目标对象的移动获得的所述移动装置将要达到的跟随位置;
其中,所述第一控制律用于控制所述移动装置的平动速度,且所述第一控制律驱动所述第一相对位置逐渐收敛;所述第二控制律用于控制所述移动装置的转动速度,且所述第二控制律驱动所述第二相对位置和第一夹角逐渐收敛。
在另一可实施方式中,所述控制律生成单元进一步配置为,在以所述跟随的目标对象为坐标原点构建的第二坐标系下,设定所述第二坐标系的X轴正方向与所述目标对象的运动方向重合;在所述第二坐标系下,所述目标相对位置的坐标为x0、y0;所述第一相对位置和第二相对位置表示如下:
Δχ=χ0-ρcos(α-θγ)
Δy=y0-ρsin(α-θγ)
其中,所述目标对象相对于所述移动装置的第一相对位置信息用极坐标表示为第二夹角α和第一矢径标量ρ,Δx表示所述第一相对位置,Δy表示所述第二相对位置,θr表示所述第一夹角。
在另一可实施方式中,所述控制律生成单元进一步配置为,根据所述第二 相对位置获得第一接近角θα=Δy×k,θa表示所述第一接近角,k表示比例系数;根据所述第一接近角θa和第一夹角θr获得所述第二控制律。
在另一可实施方式中,所述第一矢量获得单元进一步配置为,
获得所述目标对象相对于所述移动装置的第一相对位置信息,所述第一相对位置信息用极坐标表示为第二夹角α和第一矢径矢量ρ,其中,所述第一矢径矢量ρ表示所述移动装置到所述目标对象的矢径矢量,所述第二夹角α表示所述第一矢径矢量ρ与所述移动装置的绝对平动速度矢量υf之间的夹角;
通过以下关系获得所述第一矢量:F=-(ωf×ρ+vf),其中,F表示所述第一矢量,ωf表示所述移动装置的绝对转动速度矢量,υf表示所述移动装置的绝对平动速度矢量。
在另一可实施方式中,所述第二矢量获得单元进一步配置为,
获得所述目标对象相对于所述移动装置的第一相对位置信息,所述第一相对位置信息用极坐标表示为第二夹角α和第一矢径矢量ρ,其中,所述第一矢径矢量ρ表示所述移动装置到所述目标对象的矢径矢量,所述第二夹角α表示所述第一矢径矢量ρ与所述移动装置的绝对平动速度标量υf之间的夹角;
根据所述第一相对位置信息进行微分运算得到所述第二矢量,所述第二矢量以坐标方式表示为:
Figure PCTCN2016101363-appb-000002
其中,R表示所述第二矢量,ρ表示第一矢径标量。
在本发明的另一实施例中,还提供了一种计算机存储介质,所述计算机存储介质中存储有计算机可执行指令,所述计算机可执行指令配置为执行本发明实施例所述的信息处理方法。
本发明实施例所提供的一种信息处理方法和移动装置、计算机存储介质,能够让移动装置跟随在目标对象的任一指定位置(即实现全方位跟随),不仅能让移动装置跟随在目标对象的后方,还能让移动装置跟随在目标对象的前方。并且,本发明实施例的目标跟随无需获知移动装置与被跟随对象之间的绝对位置,而只需获知移动装置与被跟随对象之间的相对位置。因此,本发明实施例的目标跟随,只需用到移动装置上搭载的相对位置传感器来获取被跟随对象相对于自主移动装置的位置即可;而无需绝对位置传感器(如GPS)参与,从而避免了诸如GPS需要在室外搜星定位的不便。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述,各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。本实施例的附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的 目的,而并不认为是对本发明的限制。在附图中:
图1为本发明实施例一的信息处理方法的流程图;
图2为本发明实施例的一种数学建模示意图;
图3为本发明实施例的一种控制关系示意图;
图4为本发明实施例二的移动装置的组成结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施例,然而应当理解,可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反,提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开,并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进一步详细阐述。
实施例一
本发明的实施例一提供的一种信息处理方法,应用于移动装置中,所述移动装置是指能够实现自主移动的装置,所谓自主移动是指无需外部控制而能够根据自身所获得的信息实现自主的移动,如:根据对外部环境的检测实现自主移动控制(如避障、路径规划),或,基于目标跟随的自主移动控制等等。常见的移动装置如自平衡车、无人机等等。如图1所示,该方法主要包括:
步骤101,获得第一矢量,所述第一矢量用于描述所述移动装置固联的第一坐标系自身运动引起的所述移动装置与跟随的目标对象之间的相对速度的变化。
本发明实施例所述矢量(Vector)是指具有大小和方向的数学量,可以用于表示速度、位置、力等等,其加减运算遵循平行四边形法则。
参见图2所示,图2为本发明实施例的一种数学建模示意图。构建移动装置固联的第一坐标系(即图2中横轴为xf,纵轴为yf的坐标系),在移动装置固联的第一坐标系下,移动装置与其跟随的目标对象的运动关系,如图2所示。其中,移动装置上设有相对位置传感器,某一时刻测得被跟随的目标对象相对于所述移动装置的第一相对位置信息,以极坐标表示为夹角α和第一矢径矢量ρ,其中,所述第一矢径矢量ρ表示所述移动装置到所述目标对象的矢径矢量,夹角α表示所述第一矢径矢量ρ与所述移动装置的绝对平动速度矢量υf之间的夹角。另外,移动装置相对于地面的平动速度矢量为υf,相对于地面的转动速度矢量为ωf,υf和ωf可以通过移动装置的码盘测量获得,码盘又称编码器(Encoder),是一种将旋转运动转换为电信号的传感器,可以用于检测车轮转速、机械关节转角等。
第一矢量F用于描述所述移动装置固联的第一坐标系自身运动引起的所述移动装置与跟随的目标对象之间的相对速度的变化,第一矢量F的计算公式为:F=-(ωf×ρ+vf),其中,ωf表示所述移动装置的绝对转动速度矢量(相对与地面),υf表示所述移动装置的绝对平动速度矢量(相对于地面),ρ表示所述第一矢径矢量。具体的矢量加减算法可参见图2。
步骤102,获得第二矢量,所述第二矢量为所述移动装置与所述跟随的目标对象之间的相对速度矢量。
步骤102具体可实施如下:
获得所述目标对象相对于所述移动装置的第一相对位置信息,所述第一相对位置信息用极坐标表示为夹角α和第一矢径矢量ρ,其中,所述第一矢径矢量ρ表示所述移动装置到所述目标对象的矢径矢量,所述夹角α表示所述第一矢径矢量ρ与所述移动装置的绝对平动速度标量υf之间的夹角;
根据所述第一相对位置信息进行微分运算得到所述第二矢量,所述第二矢量以坐标方式表示为:
Figure PCTCN2016101363-appb-000003
其中,R表示所述第二矢量,ρ表示第一矢径标量。所述微分运算可以由微分器(Differentiator)来实施,微分器是指可以从时间序列中提取序列的导数的信号处理环节。
步骤103,将所述第一矢量和第二矢量相加获得第三矢量,所述第三矢量为所述目标对象的绝对速度矢量;并根据所述第三矢量获得第一夹角,所述第一夹角为所述移动装置自身的绝对速度矢量与所述第三矢量之间的夹角。
第三矢量T用于表示目标对象的绝对速度矢量,其中,矢量T、R、F的之间的关系如下:T=F+R,其中,矢量F可以通过实施步骤101获得,矢量R可以通过实施步骤102获得,矢量T、R、F加减关系参见图2中所示。
由于第一坐标系与移动装置固联,因此能够根据矢量T获得移动装置自身的绝对速度矢量与所述矢量T之间的夹角,简称第一夹角;其中,移动装置自身的绝对速度矢量能够通过移动装置的码盘测量获得。
步骤104,根据所述第一夹角生成用于控制所述移动装置移动的控制律。
步骤104具体可以实施如下:
根据所述第一夹角,将目标相对位置分解为第一相对位置和第二相对位置,并根据所述第一相对位置生成对应的第一控制律,根据所述第二相对位置和第一夹角生成对应的第二控制律;所述目标相对位置为所述移动装置根据所述目标对象的移动获得的所述移动装置将要达到的跟随位置;
其中,所述第一控制律用于控制所述移动装置的平动速度,且所述第一控 制律驱动所述第一相对位置逐渐收敛;所述第二控制律用于控制所述移动装置的转动速度,且所述第二控制律驱动所述第二相对位置和第一夹角逐渐收敛。
其中,所述根据第一夹角将目标相对位置分解为第一相对位置和第二相对位置,包括:
在以所述跟随的目标对象为坐标原点构建的第二坐标系下,设定所述第二坐标系的X轴正方向与所述目标对象的运动方向重合;在所述第二坐标系下,所述目标相对位置的坐标为x0、y0;所述第一相对位置和第二相对位置表示如下:
Δχ=χ0-ρcos(α-θγ)
Δy=y0-ρsin(α-θγ)
其中,所述目标对象相对于所述移动装置的第一相对位置信息用极坐标表示为第二夹角α和第一矢径标量ρ,Δx表示所述第一相对位置,Δy表示所述第二相对位置,θr表示所述第一夹角。
所述根据第二相对位置生成对应的第二控制律,包括:
根据所述第二相对位置获得第一接近角θα=Δy×k,θa表示所述第一接近角,k表示比例系数;
根据所述第一接近角θa和第一夹角θr获得所述第二控制律。
下面结合图3详细介绍步骤104的实施。
如图3所示,以跟随的目标对象(Object)建立第二坐标系,所述第二坐标系的X轴正方向与目标对象的运动方向Vobject重合。在所述第二坐标系下,移动装置相对于跟随的目标对象的目标相对位置(Target)的坐标记为(x0,y0),其中,所述目标相对位置是指所述移动装置根据所述目标对象的移动获得的所述移动装置将要达到的跟随位置,例如:目标对象从A点移动到B点,所述移动装置获得其跟随目标对象的位置将从A1点移动到B1点,那么B1点的坐标即为(x0,y0)。
图3中,θr即表示第一夹角,其为移动装置自身的绝对速度矢量υr与目标对象的绝对速度矢量Vobject之间的夹角,其可以通过实施前述步骤101-103获得;根据第一夹角θr将目标相对位置(x0,y0)分解为第一相对位置和第二相对位置,即是计算移动装置与目标相对位置之间偏差(Δx,Δy),其中,
Δχ=χ0-ρcos(α-θγ)
Δy=y0-ρsin(α-θγ)
其中,Δx表示移动装置与目标相对位置在X轴方向上的偏差,Δy表示移动 装置与目标相对位置在Y轴方向上的偏差,α表示目标对象相对于所述移动装置的第一相对位置信息用极坐标表示时的所述第二夹角。
本发明实施例的目的即是生成让Δx和Δy逐渐收敛的控制律,通过实施所述控制律让Δx和Δy逐渐收敛到零,以使移动装置逐渐移动到(x0,y0)。使Δx和Δy逐渐收敛的控制律可以分别设计如下:
针对Δx,设计一个给定移动装置前进速度指令υr的控制律:υγ=fχ(Δχ,t),该控制律驱动Δx逐渐收敛到零,t表示时间。在具体实施过程中,所述控制律可以是比例积分微分(PID,Proportion-Integral-Differential)控制律,也可以是其他控制律,本发明实施例不做限制。
针对Δy,设计如下具有内环、外环这两个闭环控制的串级控制器:
外环:设计一个和距离成正比的接近角θα=Δy×k,其中,k为比例系数,θa为接近角;k的大小决定了移动装置切近目标对象行走路线的角度,k越大,移动装置就会以越大的角度切近目标对象的行走路线,并且在离目标对象的行走路线更近的地方才让移动装置指向修正为和目标的走向相同;通常来讲,k越大,则移动装置越能紧跟目标,但k过大会使得移动装置的方向控制闭环进入震荡状态,因此k的取值需要根据经验和实际调试来确定;
内环:设定对移动装置转动速度的控制律:ωγ=fyαγ,t),其中,θαγ即为图3中所示的θe,θe表示移动装置的前进方向与接近角之间的误差角,只要移动装置还在前进,该控制律即会不断驱动Δy和θr同时收敛到零;所述控制律可以是PID控制律,也可以是其他控制律,本发明实施例不做限制。
需要说明的是,本发明实施例中的闭环控制(Closed Loop Control)是指,对于一个动态系统,通过比较给定输出目标和实际输出量之间的偏差,按一定规律调整系统输入量,使得的系统实际输出向给定目标收敛,达到加快系统响应速度、抵抗内外扰动的目的。
实施例二
对应本发明实施例一的信息处理方法,本发明实施例二还提供了一种移动装置,如图2所示,该装置包括:
第一矢量获得单元10,配置为获得第一矢量,所述第一矢量用于描述所述移动装置固联的第一坐标系自身运动引起的所述移动装置与跟随的目标对象之间的相对速度的变化;
第二矢量获得单元20,配置为获得第二矢量,所述第二矢量为所述移动装置与所述跟随的目标对象之间的相对速度矢量;
第三矢量获得单元30,连接第一矢量获得单元10和第二矢量获得单元20, 配置为将所述第一矢量和第二矢量相加获得第三矢量,所述第三矢量为所述目标对象的绝对速度矢量;
第一夹角获得单元40,连接第三矢量获得单元30,配置为根据所述第三矢量获得第一夹角,所述第一夹角为所述移动装置自身的绝对速度矢量与所述第三矢量之间的夹角;
控制律生成单元50,连接第一夹角获得单元40,配置为根据所述第一夹角生成用于控制所述移动装置移动的控制律。
在一实施方式中,控制律生成单元50进一步配置为,根据所述第一夹角,将目标相对位置分解为第一相对位置和第二相对位置,并根据所述第一相对位置生成对应的第一控制律,根据所述第二相对位置和第一夹角生成对应的第二控制律;所述目标相对位置为所述移动装置根据所述目标对象的移动获得的所述移动装置将要达到的跟随位置;
其中,所述第一控制律用于控制所述移动装置的平动速度,且所述第一控制律驱动所述第一相对位置逐渐收敛;所述第二控制律用于控制所述移动装置的转动速度,且所述第二控制律驱动所述第二相对位置和第一夹角逐渐收敛。
在一实施方式中,所述控制律生成单元50进一步配置为,在以所述跟随的目标对象为坐标原点构建的第二坐标系下,设定所述第二坐标系的X轴正方向与所述目标对象的运动方向重合;在所述第二坐标系下,所述目标相对位置的坐标为x0、y0;所述第一相对位置和第二相对位置表示如下:
Δχ=χ0-ρcos(α-θγ)
Δy=y0-ρsin(α-θγ)
其中,所述目标对象相对于所述移动装置的第一相对位置信息用极坐标表示为第一夹角α和第一矢径标量ρ,Δx表示所述第一相对位置,Δy表示所述第二相对位置,θr表示所述第一夹角。
在一实施方式中,所述控制律生成单元50进一步配置为,根据所述第二相对位置获得第一接近角θα=Δy×k,θa表示所述第一接近角,k表示比例系数;根据所述第一接近角θa和第一夹角θr获得所述第二控制律。
在一实施方式中,所述第一矢量获得单元10进一步配置为,
获得所述目标对象相对于所述移动装置的第一相对位置信息,所述第一相对位置信息用极坐标表示为第一夹角α和第一矢径矢量ρ,其中,所述第一矢径ρ表示所述移动装置到所述目标对象的矢径矢量,所述第一夹角α表示所述第一矢径矢量ρ与所述移动装置的绝对平动速度矢量υf之间的夹角;
通过以下关系获得所述第一矢量:F=-(ωf×ρ+vf),其中,F表示所述第 一矢量,ωf表示所述移动装置的绝对转动速度矢量,υf表示所述移动装置的绝对平动速度矢量。
在一实施方式中,所述第二矢量获得单元20进一步配置为,获得所述目标对象相对于所述移动装置的第一相对位置信息,所述第一相对位置信息用极坐标表示为第一夹角α和第一矢径矢量ρ,其中,所述第一矢径矢量ρ表示所述移动装置到所述目标对象的矢径矢量,所述第一夹角α表示所述第一矢径矢量ρ与所述移动装置的绝对平动速度标量υf之间的夹角;
根据所述第一相对位置信息进行微分运算得到所述第二矢量,所述第二矢量以坐标方式表示为:
Figure PCTCN2016101363-appb-000004
其中,R表示所述第二矢量,ρ表示第一矢径标量。
需要说明的是,上述第一矢量获得单元10、第二矢量获得单元20、第三矢量获得单元30、第一夹角获得单元40和控制律生成单元50,可由移动装置的处理器、微处理器(MCU)、专用集成电路(ASIC)或逻辑可编程门阵列(FPGA)实现。
通过实施本发明的实施例一、二,能够让移动装置跟随在目标对象的任一指定位置(即实现全方位跟随),不仅能让移动装置跟随在目标对象的后方,还能让移动装置跟随在目标对象的前方。并且,本发明实施例的目标跟随无需获知移动装置与被跟随对象之间的绝对位置,而只需获知移动装置与被跟随对象之间的相对位置。因此,本发明实施例的目标跟随,只需用到移动装置上搭载的相对位置传感器来获取被跟随对象相对于自主移动装置的位置即可,相对位置传感器如超宽带(UWB,Ultra Wideband)定位传感器、超声波测距传感器、红外测距传感器、声呐传感器、雷达、机器视觉传感器等等;而无需绝对位置传感器(如GPS)参与,从而避免了诸如全球定位系统(GPS,Global Position System)需要在室外搜星定位的不便。
需要说明的是,本发明实施例的移动装置可以是自平衡车、电动多轮车、无人机等等。原则上凡是能够实现自主移动的装置,应当都适用于本发明的实施例。下面以自平衡车为例进一步详细阐述本发明实施例的方法和装置。
实施例三
为实现本发明实施例的目标跟随方法,需要构建以下数学模型:
具有差动轮的自平衡车可以进行前进和转向运动,但不能横向移动;参见图2,在同自平衡车固联的第一坐标系下(即图2中横轴为xf,纵轴为yf的坐标系),自平衡车与跟随的目标对象的运动有如下关系:
其中,自平衡车上有一相对位置传感器,某一时刻测得被跟随的目标对象 相对于自平衡车的第一相对位置信息,以极坐标表示为夹角α和第一矢径矢量ρ;其中,所述第一矢径矢量ρ表示自平衡车到所述目标对象的矢径矢量,夹角α表示所述第一矢径矢量ρ与自平衡车的绝对平动速度矢量υf之间的夹角。另外,移动装置相对于地面的平动速度矢量为υf,相对于地面的转动速度矢量为ωf,υf和ωf可以通过移动装置的码盘测量获得。
第一矢量F用于描述所述移动装置固联的第一坐标系自身运动引起的所述移动装置与跟随的目标对象之间的相对速度的变化,第一矢量F的计算公式为:F=-(ωf×ρ+vf),其中,ωf表示所述移动装置的绝对转动速度矢量(相对与地面),υf表示所述移动装置的绝对平动速度矢量(相对于地面),ρ表示所述第一矢径矢量。具体的矢量加减算法可参见图2。
第二矢量R表示自平衡车与跟随的目标对象之间的相对速度矢量,可以直接将所述第一相对位置信息用微分器进行微分得到,如果以坐标方式表示:
Figure PCTCN2016101363-appb-000005
其中,R表示所述第二矢量,ρ表示第一矢径标量。
第三矢量T用于表示目标对象的绝对速度矢量,其中,矢量T、R、F的之间的关系如下:T=F+R,其中,矢量R、F为已知或可以通过已知量间接求得。
由于第一坐标系与自平衡车固联,因此能够根据矢量获得自平衡车自身的绝对速度矢量与所述矢量,简称第一夹角;其中,自平衡车自身的绝对速度矢量能够通过自平衡车的码盘测量获得。
另外,为实现本发明实施例的目标跟随方法,对自平衡车的控制器的设计如下:
参见图3,以被跟随对象(Object)建立第二坐标系,第二坐标系的X轴正方向和目标对象的运动方向(Vobject)重合。在这一坐标系下,自平衡车相对于跟随的目标对象的目标相对位置Target的坐标为(x0,y0)。而自平衡车与此目标相对位置(x0,y0)之间的偏差为(Δx,Δy)。基于上述构建的数学模型,可以求得目标对象与自平衡车自身的绝对速度矢量夹角θr,其中:
Δχ=χ0-ρcos(α-θγ)
Δy=y0-ρsin(α-θγ)
其中,,Δx表示自平衡车与目标相对位置在x轴方向上的偏差,Δy表示自平衡车与目标相对位置在Y轴方向上的偏差,α表示目标对象相对于自平衡车的第一相对位置信息用极坐标表示时的所述第二夹角。
本发明实施例的目的即是生成让Δx和Δy逐渐收敛的控制律,通过实施所 述控制律让Δx和Δy逐渐收敛到零,以使自平衡车逐渐移动到(x0,y0)。使Δx和Δy逐渐收敛的控制律可以分别设计如下:
针对Δx,设计一个给定移动装置前进速度指令υr的控制律:υγ=fχ(Δχ,t),该控制律驱动Δx逐渐收敛到零,t表示时间。在具体实施过程中,所述控制律可以是PID控制律,也可以是其他控制律,本发明实施例不做限制。
针对Δy,设计如下具有内环、外环这两个闭环控制的串级控制器:
外环:设计一个和距离成正比的接近角θα=Δy×k,其中,k为比例系数,θa为接近角;k的大小决定了移动装置切近目标对象行走路线的角度,k越大,移动装置就会以越大的角度切近目标对象的行走路线,并且在离目标对象的行走路线更近的地方才让移动装置指向修正为和目标的走向相同;通常来讲,k越大,则移动装置越能紧跟目标,但k过大会使得移动装置的方向控制闭环进入震荡状态,因此k的取值需要根据经验和实际调试来确定;
内环:设定对移动装置转动速度的控制律:ωγ=fyαγ,t),其中,θαγ即为图3中所示的θe,只要移动装置还在前进,该控制律即会不断驱动Δy、θr和θe同时收敛到零;所述控制律可以是PID控制律,也可以是其他控制律,本发明实施例不做限制。
本发明实施例三的相对位置传感器可以采用UWB定位传感器、超声波测距传感器、红外测距传感器、声呐传感器、雷达、机器视觉传感器等等。
本发明的实施例三,首先建立相对位置传感器测量数据的数学模型,这一数学模型包含了相对位置、自平衡车自身的运动(即车轮码盘的测量数据)以及跟随的目标对象的运动速度。其次,通过微分器把传感器测得相对位置进行微分得到相对速度。随后,采用坐标变换的方法,消除装置自身运动(通过车轮码盘获得)对速度测量的影响,求出自平衡车和被跟随对象二者的绝对速度方向之间的夹角。最后,针对传统跟随方法偏角不稳定的问题,将相对位置分解为横向相对位置和纵向相对位置,并对横向相对位置设计串级闭环控制器,使得纵向相对位置偏差和速度方向偏差都收敛到0,保证了系统的稳定。
由于增加了“绝对速度方向”这一控制自由度,因此能够消除各控制回路之间的耦合,使得系统获得全局稳定性。
需要说明的是,本发明实施例不仅限于适用于上述的自平衡车,也可适用于电动多轮车、无人机等自主移动装置。通过实施本发明实施例,能够让移动装置跟随在目标对象的任一指定位置,不仅能让移动装置跟随在目标对象的后方,还能让移动装置跟随在目标对象的前方。并且,本发明实施例的目标跟随方法无需获知移动装置与被跟随对象之间的绝对位置,而只需获知移动装置与 被跟随对象之间的相对位置。因此,本发明实施例的目标跟随方法,只需用到移动装置上搭载的相对位置传感器来获取被跟随对象相对于自主移动装置的位置即可;而无需绝对位置传感器(如GPS)参与,从而避免了诸如GPS需要在室外搜星定位的不便。
在本发明所提供的几个实施例中,应该理解到,所揭露的方法、装置和电子设备,可以通过其它的方式实现。以上所描述的设备实施例仅仅是示意性的,例如,所述单元的划分,仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分,实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式,如:多个单元或组件可以结合,或可以集成到另一个系统,或一些特征可以忽略,或不执行。另外,所显示或讨论的各组成部分相互之间的耦合、或直接耦合、或通信连接可以是通过一些接口,设备或单元的间接耦合或通信连接,可以是电性的、机械的或其它形式的。
上述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是、或也可以不是物理上分开的,作为单元显示的部件可以是、或也可以不是物理单元,即可以位于一个地方,也可以分布到多个网络单元上;可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外,在本发明各实施例中的各功能单元可以全部集成在一个处理单元中,也可以是各单元分别单独作为一个单元,也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中;上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现,也可以采用硬件加软件功能单元的形式实现。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解:实现上述方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成,前述的程序可以存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中,该程序在执行时,执行包括上述方法实施例的步骤;而前述的存储介质包括:移动存储设备、只读存储器(ROM,Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM,Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
或者,本发明实施例上述集成的单元如果以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时,也可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解,本发明实施例的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来,该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中,包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机、服务器、或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分。而前述的存储介质包括:移动存储设备、只读存储器(ROM,Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM,Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
鉴于此,本发明实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,所述存储介质包括一组计算机可执行指令,所述指令用于执行本发明实施例所述的信息处理方法。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种信息处理方法,应用于移动装置,所述方法包括:
    获得第一矢量,所述第一矢量用于描述所述移动装置固联的第一坐标系自身运动引起的所述移动装置与跟随的目标对象之间的相对速度的变化;
    获得第二矢量,所述第二矢量为所述移动装置与所述跟随的目标对象之间的相对速度矢量;
    将所述第一矢量和第二矢量相加获得第三矢量,所述第三矢量为所述目标对象的绝对速度矢量;并根据所述第三矢量获得第一夹角,所述第一夹角为所述移动装置自身的绝对速度矢量与所述第三矢量之间的夹角;
    根据所述第一夹角生成用于控制所述移动装置移动的控制律。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述信息处理方法,其中,所述根据第一夹角生成用于控制移动装置移动的控制律包括:
    根据所述第一夹角,将目标相对位置分解为第一相对位置和第二相对位置,并根据所述第一相对位置生成对应的第一控制律,根据所述第二相对位置和第一夹角生成对应的第二控制律;所述目标相对位置为所述移动装置根据所述目标对象的移动获得的所述移动装置将要达到的跟随位置;
    其中,所述第一控制律用于控制所述移动装置的平动速度,且所述第一控制律驱动所述第一相对位置逐渐收敛;所述第二控制律用于控制所述移动装置的转动速度,且所述第二控制律驱动所述第二相对位置和第一夹角逐渐收敛。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述信息处理方法,其中,所述根据第一夹角将目标相对位置分解为第一相对位置和第二相对位置,包括:
    在以所述跟随的目标对象为坐标原点构建的第二坐标系下,设定所述第二坐标系的X轴正方向与所述目标对象的运动方向重合;在所述第二坐标系下,所述目标相对位置的坐标为x0、y0;所述第一相对位置和第二相对位置表示如下:
    Δχ=χ0-ρcos(α-θγ)
    Δy=y0-ρsin(α-θγ)
    其中,所述目标对象相对于所述移动装置的第一相对位置信息用极坐标表示为第二夹角α和第一矢径标量ρ,Δx表示所述第一相对位置,Δy表示所述第二相对位置,θr表示所述第一夹角。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述信息处理方法,其中,所述根据第二相对位置生成对应的第二控制律,包括:
    根据所述第二相对位置获得第一接近角θα=Δy×k,θα表示所述第一接 近角,k表示比例系数;
    根据所述第一接近角θα和第一夹角θr获得所述第二控制律。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述信息处理方法,其中,所述获得第一矢量包括:
    获得所述目标对象相对于所述移动装置的第一相对位置信息,所述第一相对位置信息用极坐标表示为第二夹角α和第一矢径矢量ρ,其中,所述第一矢径矢量ρ表示所述移动装置到所述目标对象的矢径矢量,所述第二夹角α表示所述第一矢径矢量ρ与所述移动装置的绝对平动速度矢量vf之间的夹角;
    通过以下关系获得所述第一矢量:F=-(ωf×ρ+vf),其中,F表示所述第一矢量,ωf表示所述移动装置的绝对转动速度矢量,vf表示所述移动装置的绝对平动速度矢量。
  6. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述信息处理方法,其中,所述获得第二矢量包括:
    获得所述目标对象相对于所述移动装置的第一相对位置信息,所述第一相对位置信息用极坐标表示为第二夹角α和第一矢径矢量ρ,其中,所述第一矢径矢量ρ表示所述移动装置到所述目标对象的矢径矢量,所述第二夹角α表示所述第一矢径矢量ρ与所述移动装置的绝对平动速度标量vf之间的夹角;
    根据所述第一相对位置信息进行微分运算得到所述第二矢量,所述第二矢量以坐标方式表示为:
    Figure PCTCN2016101363-appb-100001
    其中,R表示所述第二矢量,ρ表示第一矢径标量。
  7. 一种移动装置,包括:
    第一矢量获得单元,配置为获得第一矢量,所述第一矢量用于描述所述移动装置固联的第一坐标系自身运动引起的所述移动装置与跟随的目标对象之间的相对速度的变化;
    第二矢量获得单元,配置为获得第二矢量,所述第二矢量为所述移动装置与所述跟随的目标对象之间的相对速度矢量;
    第三矢量获得单元,配置为将所述第一矢量和第二矢量相加获得第三矢量,所述第三矢量为所述目标对象的绝对速度矢量;
    第一夹角获得单元,配置为根据所述第三矢量获得第一夹角,所述第一夹角为所述移动装置自身的绝对速度矢量与所述第三矢量之间的夹角;
    控制律生成单元,配置为根据所述第一夹角生成用于控制所述移动装置移动的控制律。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述移动装置,其中,所述控制律生成单元进一步配置 为,根据所述第一夹角,将目标相对位置分解为第一相对位置和第二相对位置,并根据所述第一相对位置生成对应的第一控制律,根据所述第二相对位置和第一夹角生成对应的第二控制律;所述目标相对位置为所述移动装置根据所述目标对象的移动获得的所述移动装置将要达到的跟随位置;
    其中,所述第一控制律用于控制所述移动装置的平动速度,且所述第一控制律驱动所述第一相对位置逐渐收敛;所述第二控制律用于控制所述移动装置的转动速度,且所述第二控制律驱动所述第二相对位置和第一夹角逐渐收敛。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述移动装置,其中,所述控制律生成单元进一步配置为,在以所述跟随的目标对象为坐标原点构建的第二坐标系下,设定所述第二坐标系的X轴正方向与所述目标对象的运动方向重合;在所述第二坐标系下,所述目标相对位置的坐标为x0、y0;所述第一相对位置和第二相对位置表示如下:
    Δχ=χ0-ρcos(α-θγ)
    Δy=y0-ρsin(α-θγ)
    其中,所述目标对象相对于所述移动装置的第一相对位置信息用极坐标表示为第二夹角α和第一矢径标量ρ,Δx表示所述第一相对位置,Δy表示所述第二相对位置,θr表示所述第一夹角。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述移动装置,其中,所述控制律生成单元进一步配置为,根据所述第二相对位置获得第一接近角θα=Δy×k,θα表示所述第一接近角,k表示比例系数;根据所述第一接近角θα和第一夹角θr获得所述第二控制律。
  11. 根据权利要求7至10任一项所述移动装置,其中,所述第一矢量获得单元进一步配置为,
    获得所述目标对象相对于所述移动装置的第一相对位置信息,所述第一相对位置信息用极坐标表示为第二夹角α和第一矢径矢量ρ,其中,所述第一矢径矢量ρ表示所述移动装置到所述目标对象的矢径矢量,所述第二夹角α表示所述第一矢径矢量ρ与所述移动装置的绝对平动速度矢量vf之间的夹角;
    通过以下关系获得所述第一矢量:F=-(ωf×ρ+vf),其中,F表示所述第一矢量,ωf表示所述移动装置的绝对转动速度矢量,vf表示所述移动装置的绝对平动速度矢量。
  12. 根据权利要求7至10任一项所述移动装置,其中,所述第二矢量获得单元进一步配置为,
    获得所述目标对象相对于所述移动装置的第一相对位置信息,所述第一相 对位置信息用极坐标表示为第二夹角α和第一矢径矢量ρ,其中,所述第一矢径矢量ρ表示所述移动装置到所述目标对象的矢径矢量,所述第二夹角α表示所述第一矢径矢量ρ与所述移动装置的绝对平动速度标量vf之间的夹角;
    根据所述第一相对位置信息进行微分运算得到所述第二矢量,所述第二矢量以坐标方式表示为:
    Figure PCTCN2016101363-appb-100002
    其中,R表示所述第二矢量,ρ表示第一矢径标量。
  13. 一种计算机存储介质,所述计算机存储介质中存储有计算机可执行指令,所述计算机可执行指令配置为执行权利要求1-6任一项所述的信息处理方法。
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