WO2017162209A1 - 电磁开关及使用该电磁开关的起动机 - Google Patents

电磁开关及使用该电磁开关的起动机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017162209A1
WO2017162209A1 PCT/CN2017/078164 CN2017078164W WO2017162209A1 WO 2017162209 A1 WO2017162209 A1 WO 2017162209A1 CN 2017078164 W CN2017078164 W CN 2017078164W WO 2017162209 A1 WO2017162209 A1 WO 2017162209A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
contact
electromagnetic switch
iron core
sleeve
switch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/078164
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡光龙
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上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司
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Publication of WO2017162209A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017162209A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/20—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature movable inside coil and substantially lengthwise with respect to axis thereof; movable coaxially with respect to coil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/087—Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/56—Contact spring sets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/56—Contact spring sets
    • H01H50/58—Driving arrangements structurally associated therewith; Mounting of driving arrangements on armature

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of starter technology for automotive engines and other engines, for example, to an electromagnetic switch and a starter using the same.
  • a starter (or “starter”) is used in the vehicle to start the engine of the vehicle.
  • the starter generally includes a direct current motor, a transmission mechanism, and a control mechanism.
  • the control mechanism of the commonly used starter is an electromagnetic switch, which has the advantages of convenient use and reliable performance.
  • the electromagnetic switch is divided into an integral electromagnetic switch and a split type electromagnetic switch according to whether the contact shaft and the moving iron core are fixedly integrated.
  • the conventional integral electromagnetic switch is as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the contact shaft is fixedly integrated with the moving iron core.
  • the contact shaft also moves axially. Therefore, the integral electromagnetic switch is compared with Split-type electromagnetic switch, the height of the switch cover is higher.
  • the air gap length is 12.5 mm (as shown in Figure 1)
  • the contact margin of the contact is 2 mm
  • the distance of the contact piece from the bolt is 10.5 mm.
  • the higher height switch cover not only lengthens the length of the electromagnetic switch, but also increases the cost of the electromagnetic switch.
  • the contact of the electromagnetic switch has the technical problem of being welded and unable to be opened or not opened in time, that is, the contact cannot be separated from the two contact bolts, and the two bolts are always in the on state, and the starter motor will always be energized.
  • the contact piece is required to quickly disengage from the contact bolt to reduce the electrical corrosion of the contact.
  • the contact piece and the contact bolt are welded, the contact piece can be quickly separated from the contact bolt.
  • the contact return spring is required to provide sufficient return force to release the contact piece from the contact bolt in time.
  • the electromagnetic switch is powered off, when the contact piece and the contact bolt are welded, there is a welding and bonding force greater than the contact spring force. At this time, the contact or the starting motor may work for a long time, causing burnout or even occurrence. Get angry.
  • the present disclosure provides an electromagnetic switch capable of effectively preventing contact welding and reducing the height of the switch cover, and has stable performance and long service life. , low manufacturing costs.
  • the embodiment discloses an electromagnetic switch, comprising: a switch case, a switch cover fixedly connected to the switch case, an electromagnetic coil and a static iron core, and a first bolt and a second bolt fixedly mounted on the switch cover a movable iron core disposed in contact with the static iron core, a contact shaft fixedly coupled to the first end of the movable iron core, a contact piece disposed on the contact shaft, and sleeved on a sleeve on the contact shaft; wherein the electromagnetic coil is configured to generate an electromagnetic force to drive the movable iron core to push the contact shaft, the sleeve being movable in a direction of the contact shaft motion.
  • the contact shaft has a triggering shoulder
  • the sleeve has a triggering step
  • the triggering shoulder is matched with the shape of the triggering step.
  • the first end of the contact shaft is fixed with a first lock pad, wherein the first lock pad is located on a side of the sleeve away from the movable iron core.
  • the first end of the sleeve is fixed with a second lock pad, wherein the second lock pad is located on a side of the contact piece away from the movable iron core.
  • the electromagnetic switch further includes a moving iron core return spring, and the movable iron core return spring is sleeved on the contact shaft, and is located at a side of the sleeve close to the movable iron core, and is used for A restoring force is provided to return the electromagnetic switch moving iron core to an initial state.
  • the electromagnetic switch includes a contact return spring, and the contact return spring portion is sleeved on the contact shaft, and is located on a side of the sleeve away from the movable iron core for providing Making the electromagnetic switch The restoring force of the contact back to the initial state.
  • the electromagnetic switch further includes a contact spring, and the contact spring is sleeved on the sleeve for providing pressure when the contact is closed.
  • the static iron core has a guiding through hole extending through the front and the rear, wherein the guiding through hole includes a first through hole and a second through hole, and the first through hole and the second through hole are provided with a trigger Steps.
  • the sleeve further includes a protrusion, wherein one end of the protrusion abuts against a triggering step of the static iron core.
  • the embodiment further discloses a starter comprising a starter motor, a transmission mechanism and the electromagnetic switch according to any one of the above, wherein the starter motor is configured to generate torque; the electromagnetic switch is configured to control the starter motor Turning on or stopping; the transmission mechanism is configured to transmit the torque of the starting motor to an engine.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment has the following advantages: first, the switch cover height is low, the electromagnetic switch is small, and the cost is low; secondly, the contact is opened in time, and the electromagnetic switch contact welding is reduced. The risk of death extends the life of the electromagnetic switch.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an integrated electromagnetic switch in the related art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic switch provided in this embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a second schematic structural diagram of the electromagnetic switch provided in this embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a fourth structural diagram of the electromagnetic switch provided in the embodiment.
  • the embodiment provides an electromagnetic switch, which can shorten the height of the electromagnetic switch cover, and at the same time, when the electromagnetic switch contact is welded and cannot be opened, the welded contact is effectively opened, and the electromagnetic switch contact welding can be reduced. The risk of death.
  • the electromagnetic switch provided in this embodiment includes: a switch case 10, a switch cover 20 fixedly connected to the switch case 10, an electromagnetic coil 60 and a static iron core 50, and is fixedly mounted on the switch cover
  • the first bolt 31 and the second bolt 32 on the 20, a movable iron core 40 disposed in contact with the static iron core 50, and a contact shaft 70 fixedly connected to the first end of the movable iron core 40 are disposed at the touch
  • the first bolt 31 and the second bolt 32 are respectively connected to the battery and the starter motor.
  • the static iron core 50 and the electromagnetic coil 60 are fixedly mounted on the switch housing 10. Under the electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic coil 60, the movable iron core 40 can perform axial movement to the right (direction A in the drawing) in the electromagnetic switch, so that the movable iron core 40 and the static iron core 50 are in contact with each other.
  • the static iron core 50 has a guide through hole penetrating forward and backward.
  • the guiding through hole is composed of a first through hole 51 and a second through hole 52, and the triggering step 53 is disposed at the intersection of the first through hole 51 and the second through hole 52.
  • the contact shaft 70 is located in the inner cavity formed by the electromagnetic coil 60 and penetrates through the static iron core 50. The hole extends into the contact return spring 113.
  • the contact shaft 70 has a triggering shoulder 71 whose shape matches the shape of the triggering step 82 of the sleeve. When the initial position of the contact shaft 70 is reached, the triggering shoulder 71 of the contact shaft 70 and the sleeve The triggering steps 82 are not in contact with each other.
  • the electromagnetic switch provided in this embodiment is an integral electromagnetic switch, that is, the contact shaft 70 and the movable iron core 40 are integrally fixed to each other.
  • a first lock pad 101 is fixed to one end of the contact shaft 70 near the contact piece 90.
  • the sleeve 80 is located in the guide through hole of the static iron core 50, is sleeved on the contact shaft 70, and is axially movable between the moving core return spring 111 and the first lock pad 101 along the contact shaft 70. .
  • the outer side of the sleeve 80 has a projection 81, and one end of the projection 81 abuts against the triggering step 53 of the static iron core 50.
  • the inner side of the sleeve 80 is provided with a triggering step 82 that matches the shape of the triggering shoulder 71 of the contact shaft 70.
  • a second lock pad 102 is fixed to one end of the sleeve 80 near the contact piece 90.
  • the moving core return spring 111, the contact contact spring 112, and the contact return spring 113 are sequentially sleeved outside the contact shaft 70, and the contact contact spring 112 is strictly sleeved on the contact shaft 70. on.
  • the movable core return spring 111 is located between the bent side of the contact shaft 70 and the sleeve 80 for closing the movable iron core 40 from the closed position when the switch is powered off (ie, the position of the movable iron core contacting the static iron core) ) Return to the initial position (as shown in Figure 2).
  • the contact spring 112 is located between the bump 81 of the sleeve and the contact 90 for providing pressure when the contact is closed (i.e., the contact is in contact with the first bolt 31 and the second bolt 32).
  • the first end of the contact return spring 113 is in contact with the sleeve 80, and the inner ring of the contact return spring 113 is in contact with the outer circle of the second lock pad 102, and the second end is in contact with the switch cover 20 for contacting
  • the sheet 90 is returned from the closed state to the initial state (as shown in FIG. 2).
  • the first stage the contact shaft 70 is from the initial position (as shown in Figure 2) to the critical point of contact with the triggering step 82 of the sleeve 80 (as shown in Figure 3).
  • the electromagnetic switch Before the ignition switch is activated, the electromagnetic switch is shown in Figure 2, and the contact shaft 70 is in the initial position.
  • the electromagnetic coil 60 When the electromagnetic coil 60 is supplied with power, an electromagnetic force acting on the movable iron core 40 is generated. Under the action of the electromagnetic force, the moving iron core 40 moves together with the contact shaft 70 from the initial position to the right until the contact shaft triggering shoulder 71 and the sleeve triggering step 82 come into contact with each other to generate a hard contact.
  • the moving core return spring 111 is compressed, and the contact return spring 113 is not compressed by the contact return spring 113 due to its own spring force being greater than the moving core return spring force, and no deformation occurs.
  • the sleeve 80, the contact piece 90, and the second lock pad 102 are not displaced, and the contact contact spring 112 between the sleeve 80 and the contact piece 90 is not compressed and does not deform.
  • the second stage the contact shaft triggering shoulder 71 is in contact with the sleeve triggering step 82 (shown in Figure 3) to the critical point where the contact 90 contacts the bolts 31, 32 (as shown in Figure 4).
  • the trigger shoulder 71 will come into contact with the triggering step 82 of the sleeve (as shown in FIG. 3), at which time the contact shaft 70 makes a hard contact with the sleeve 80. .
  • the sleeve 80 is displaced to the right, and the contact return spring 113 is compressed by the sleeve 80 to be deformed.
  • the moving core return spring 111 is not compressed.
  • the contact piece 90 and the second lock pad 102 move axially together with the sleeve 80, and the contact piece 90 has not been in contact with the first bolt 31 and the second bolt 32, so that the contact contact spring 112 is not compressed.
  • the third stage the critical point of the contact piece 90 contacting the bolts 31, 32 (as shown in FIG. 4) to the critical point where the moving iron core 40 and the static iron core 50 are in contact (as shown in FIG. 5).
  • the contact piece 90 contacts the bolts 31, 32, the contact piece 90 no longer moves axially to the right, the movable iron core 40 continues to push the contact lens shaft 70 to move to the right, and the contact shaft 70 pushes the sleeve 80 to the right. The movement is continued until the moving iron core 40 comes into contact with the static iron core 50. During this process, the sleeve 80 compresses the contact return spring 113 and the contact contact spring 112, and the movable core return spring 111 is not compressed.
  • the fourth stage When the electromagnetic switch is turned off, the spring system pushes the moving iron core 40 and the contact piece 90 back to the initial position (as shown in FIG. 2).
  • the contact piece 90 it is easy for the contact piece 90 to be separated from or separated from the first bolt 31 and the second bolt 32, and the contact welding is caused.
  • the restoring force of the contact shaft 70 returning to the initial position is provided by the spring.
  • the contact piece 90 and the first bolt 31 and the second bolt 32 are welded together, there is a weld bonding force greater than the contact.
  • the contact piece 90 cannot be separated from the first bolt 31 and the second bolt 32, and the contact welding occurs.
  • the electromagnetic switch contact is liable to burn or even ignite, in the process, due to the start. If the machine is always working, it will overheat and burn out.
  • the electromagnetic switch provided in this embodiment borrows the kinetic energy of the movable iron core 40 to open the contact, and the movable iron core 40, the contact shaft 70 and the first lock pad 101 are fixedly integrated.
  • the speed of the iron core 40 is getting faster and faster during the returning process. If the contact dead contact piece cannot be disengaged from the first bolt 31 and the second bolt 32, the first lock pad 101 will hit the sleeve 80, and The impact force generated by the kinetic energy of the moving core 40 is much greater than the retracting force generated by the spring system, and the sleeve 80 transmits the impact force to the contact piece 90 through the second lock pad 102, thereby disengaging the contact piece 90 from the contact.
  • the electromagnetic switch provided by the embodiment adopts a monolithic structure
  • the contact shaft 70 has a trigger structure - the contact shaft triggers the shoulder 71
  • the contact 90 is in the first stage, and the trigger shoulder 71
  • the height of the switch cover 20 can still be the same as that of the split type electromagnetic switch, without increasing the height of the switch cover 20 like a conventional integral electromagnetic switch, that is, the embodiment
  • the electromagnetic switch length provided is shorter than the electromagnetic switch length of a conventional monolithic structure. Thereby, the manufacturing cost of the electromagnetic switch of the starter is greatly reduced. Taking the example of FIG.
  • the electromagnetic switch has the same air gap length of 12.5 mm as the integral electromagnetic switch of the related art shown in FIG. 1 of the specification, and the contact margin of the contact piece 90 is also 2 mm.
  • the distance between the contact piece 90 and the first bolt 31 and the second bolt 32 is only 3 mm, which is far less than the specification attached.
  • the integral electromagnetic switch shown in Figure 1 is 10.5 mm.
  • the contact margin is in consideration of the existence of the tolerance and the contact corrosion, in order to ensure that the contact piece 90 contacts the first bolt 31 and the second bolt 32 with a certain closing pressure, the contact piece 90 and the first bolt After the 31 and the second bolt 32 are in contact, the sleeve 80 is moved 2 mm, that is, the contact contact spring 112 is compressed by 2 mm.
  • the electromagnetic switch provided by the embodiment has the following advantages: first, the switch cover has a low height, the electromagnetic switch is small, and the cost is low; and secondly, the contact is opened in time to reduce the electromagnetic switch contact welding. The risk of death extends the life of the electromagnetic switch.
  • the qualifiers similar to "first" and “second” appearing in this document do not refer to the limitation of chronological order, quantity, or importance, but merely to be a technique in the technical solution. Features are distinguished from another technical feature. Similarly, the qualifiers similar to “one” appearing herein are not intended to limit the quantity, but rather to describe the technical features that have not appeared in the foregoing. Similarly, modifiers similar to "about” and “approximately” that appear before a numeral in the ⁇ RTIgt; Similarly, in addition to a specific number of quantified nouns, the nouns herein should be taken to include both the singular and plural forms. In this technical solution, a single number of the technical features may be included, and a plurality of technical features may be included. .
  • the present disclosure provides an electromagnetic switch and a starter using the same.
  • the electromagnetic switch provided by the embodiment has the following advantages: first, the switch cover has a low height, the electromagnetic switch is small, and the cost is low. Second, opening the contacts in time reduces the risk of welding the contacts of the electromagnetic switch and prolongs the service life of the electromagnetic switch.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种电磁开关及使用该电磁开关的起动机。该电磁开关包括：开关壳（10），固定连接在该开关壳上的开关盖（20）、电磁线圈（60）和静铁芯（50），固定安装在该开关盖上的第一螺栓（31）和第二螺栓（32），与该静铁芯可接触设置的动铁芯（40），固定连接在该动铁芯的第一端的触片轴（70），设置在该触片轴上的触片（90），以及套设于该触片轴上的套筒（80）；其中，该电磁线圈设置为产生电磁力驱动该动铁芯推动该触片轴，该套筒可沿该触片轴的方向进行运动。

Description

电磁开关及使用该电磁开关的起动机 技术领域
本公开涉及汽车发动机和其他发动机的起动机技术领域，例如涉及一种电磁开关及使用该电磁开关的起动机。
背景技术
起动机(或称作“启动机”)使用在车辆中，用来起动车辆的发动机。起动机一般包括直流电动机、传动机构和控制机构。通常使用的起动机的控制机构是电磁开关，电磁开关具有使用方便、性能可靠的优点。
电磁开关根据触片轴与动铁芯是否固定一体分为整体式电磁开关和分体式电磁开关。常规的整体式电磁开关如图1所示，该触片轴与动铁芯固定一体，当动铁芯运动时，触片轴也随之进行轴向运动，因此，整体式电磁开关相较于分体式电磁开关，开关盖的高度更高。当气隙长度为12.5mm(如图1所示)，触片接触余量为2mm时，触片距离螺栓的距离则为10.5mm。更高高度的开关盖不仅加长了电磁开关的长度，而且增加了电磁开关的成本。
此外，电磁开关的触点存在焊死而不能打开或不能及时打开的技术问题，即触点不能脱离两个接触螺栓，两个螺栓一直处于导通状态，起动电机会一直通电工作。当开关工作完触点打开时，要求触片需要迅速脱离接触螺栓从而降低触点的电蚀。同时当触片和接触螺栓有焊死的情况存在时，也要保证触片能够迅速脱离接触螺栓，这时要求触片回位弹簧提供足够的回位力来使触片及时脱离接触螺栓。当电磁开关工作完毕断电时，在触片和接触螺栓焊死时，存在焊死结合力大于触片回位弹簧力，这个时候触点或起动电机可能长时间工作而导致烧坏，甚至发生起火。
有鉴于此，如何设计一种新的电磁开关，以消除相关技术中的上述缺陷和不足，是业内相关技术人员亟待解决的一项课题。
发明内容
为了克服相关技术中电磁开关的触点焊死和开关盖过高的技术问题，本公开提供了一种能有效防止触点焊死并能缩小开关盖高度的电磁开关，性能稳定、使用寿命长、制造成本低。
本实施例公开了一种电磁开关，包括：开关壳，固定连接在所述开关壳上的开关盖、电磁线圈和静铁芯，固定安装在所述开关盖上的第一螺栓和第二螺栓，与所述静铁芯可接触设置的一动铁芯，固定连接在所述动铁芯的第一端的一触片轴，设置在所述触片轴上的一触片，以及套设于所述触片轴上的一套筒；其中，所述电磁线圈设置为产生一电磁力驱动所述动铁芯推动所述触片轴，所述套筒可沿所述触片轴的方向进行运动。
可选的，所述触片轴具有一触发轴肩，所述套筒具有一触发台阶，所述触发轴肩和所述触发台阶形状相匹配。
可选的，所述触片轴第一端固定有一第一锁垫，其中，所述第一锁垫位于所述套筒远离所述动铁芯的一侧。
可选的，所述套筒第一端固定有一第二锁垫，其中，所述第二锁垫位于所述触片远离所述动铁芯的一侧。
可选的，所述电磁开关还包括一动铁芯回位弹簧，所述动铁芯回位弹簧套设于所述触片轴上，位于所述套筒靠近动铁芯的一侧，用于提供使所述电磁开关动铁芯回到初始状态的回复力。
可选的，所述电磁开关包括一触片回位弹簧，所述触片回位弹簧部分套设于所述触片轴上，位于所述套筒远离动铁芯的一侧，用于提供使所述电磁开关 触片回到初始状态的回复力。
可选的，所述电磁开关还包括一触片接触弹簧，所述触片接触弹簧套设于所述套筒上，用于提供触点闭合时的压力。
可选的，所述静铁芯具有前后贯穿的导向通孔，其中，所述导向通孔包括第一通孔和第二通孔，该第一通孔和第二通孔相交处设置有触发台阶。
可选的，所述套筒还包括一凸块，其中，所述凸块的一端抵靠于静铁芯的触发台阶上。
本实施例还公开了一种起动机，包括起动电机、传动机构以及上述任一项所述的电磁开关，其中，所述起动电机设置为产生扭矩；所述电磁开关设置为控制所述起动电机导通或停止；所述传动机构，设置为将所述起动电机扭矩传递给一发动机。
与相关技术相比较，本实施例所提供的技术方案具有以下优点：第一、开关盖高度较低，电磁开关较小，成本低；第二、及时打开触点，降低了电磁开关触点焊死的风险，延长了电磁开关的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1是相关技术中整体式电磁开关的结构示意图；
图2是本实施例所提供的电磁开关的结构示意图之一；
图3是本实施例所提供的电磁开关的结构示意图之二；
图4是本实施例所提供的电磁开关的结构示意图之三；
图5是本实施例所提供的电磁开关的结构示意图之四。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图详细说明本公开的可选实施例。然而，应当将本公开理解成 并不局限于以下描述的这种实施方式，并且本公开的技术理念可以与其他公知技术或功能与那些公知技术相同的其他技术组合实施。在不冲突的情况下，实施例和实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
在以下可选实施例的说明中，为了清楚展示本公开的结构及工作方式，将借助诸多方向性词语进行描述，但是应当将“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“外”、“内”、“向外”、“向内”、“轴向”、“径向”等词语理解为方便用语，而不应当理解为限定性词语。此外，本申请文件中所述的开关盖的高度如说明书附图2中所示X的尺寸。
本实施例提供了一种电磁开关，可以缩短电磁开关开关盖的高度，同时，当电磁开关触点存在焊死而不能打开时，有效地打开焊死的触点，可降低电磁开关触点焊死的风险。
下面结合附图2-5详细说明本公开的可选实施例。
图2是本实施例所提供的电磁开关的结构示意图。如图2所示，本实施例提供的电磁开关，包括：开关壳10，固定连接在所述开关壳10上的开关盖20、电磁线圈60和静铁芯50，固定安装在所述开关盖20上的第一螺栓31和第二螺栓32，与静铁芯50可接触设置的一动铁芯40，固定连接在所述动铁芯40的第一端的一触片轴70，设置在触片轴70上的一触片90，以及套设于所述触片轴70上的一套筒80。其中，第一螺栓31和第二螺栓32分别连接电池和起动电机。静铁芯50和电磁线圈60固定安装在开关壳10上。在电磁线圈60的电磁力作用下，动铁芯40可在电磁开关中进行向右(图示A方向)的轴向运动，以使得动铁芯40与静铁芯50相互接触。
静铁芯50具有前后贯穿的导向通孔。该导向通孔由第一通孔51和第二通孔52组成，该第一通孔51和第二通孔52相交处设置有触发台阶53。
触片轴70位于电磁线圈60所形成的内腔中，并穿过静铁芯50的贯穿通 孔，延伸至触片回位弹簧113中。触片轴70具有一触发轴肩71，该触发轴肩71的形状与套筒的触发台阶82形状相匹配，触片轴70的初始位置时，触片轴70的触发轴肩71与套筒的触发台阶82不相互接触。本实施例所提供的电磁开关为整体式电磁开关，即触片轴70与动铁芯40相互固定一体。触片轴70靠近触片90的一端上固定有一第一锁垫101。
套筒80位于静铁芯50的导向通孔中，套设于触片轴70上，并可沿触片轴70在动铁芯回位弹簧111和第一锁垫101之间进行轴向运动。套筒80的外侧具有一凸块81，该凸块81的一端抵靠于静铁芯50的触发台阶53上。此外，套筒80的内侧设置有一触发台阶82，该触发台阶82与触片轴70的触发轴肩71形状相匹配。套筒80靠近触片90的一端固定有第二锁垫102。
动铁芯回位弹簧111、触片接触弹簧112、触片回位弹簧113依次套设于触片轴70外，触片接触弹簧112严格而言套设在触片轴70上的套筒80上。动铁芯回位弹簧111位于触片轴70的弯折边与套筒80之间，用于在开关断电时将动铁芯40由闭合位置(即：动铁芯接触静铁芯的位置)退回至初始位置(如图2所示)。触片接触弹簧112位于套筒的凸块81与触片90之间，用于提供触点闭合时(即：触片与第一螺栓31和第二螺栓32接触)的压力。触片回位弹簧113第一端与套筒80接触，且触片回位弹簧113的内圈与第二锁垫102的外圆接触，第二端与开关盖20相接触，用于将触片90由闭合状态退回至初始状态(如图2所示)。
本实施例所提供的电磁开关，工作时如下：
第一阶段：触片轴70自初始位置(如图2所示)至与套筒80的触发台阶82接触的临界点(如图3所示)。
在点火开关被启动之前，电磁开关如图2所示，触片轴70位于初始位置。 当电磁线圈60被供电时，产生了作用于动铁芯40的电磁力。在电磁力的作用下，动铁芯40连同触片轴70一起自初始位置向右运动，直至触片轴触发轴肩71和套筒触发台阶82相接触，产生硬接触。在此过程中，动铁芯回位弹簧111被压缩，而触片回位弹簧113由于自身弹簧力大于动铁芯回位弹簧力，触片回位弹簧113不被压缩，不产生形变。套筒80、触片90、第二锁垫102均不产生位移，套筒80与触片90之间的触片接触弹簧112亦不被压缩，不产生形变。
第二阶段：触片轴触发轴肩71与套筒触发台阶82接触(如图3所示)至触片90与螺栓31、32接触的临界点(如图4所示)。
触片轴70在向右进行轴向运动的过程中，触发轴肩71会与套筒的触发台阶82相接触(如图3所示)，此时触片轴70与套筒80产生硬接触。套筒80在触片轴70的作用下，向右产生位移，触片回位弹簧113在套筒80的作用下，被压缩，产生形变。
此阶段中，动铁芯回位弹簧111不被压缩。触片90、第二锁垫102跟随套筒80一起发生轴向运动，触片90尚未与第一螺栓31和第二螺栓32接触，因此触片接触弹簧112不被压缩。
第三阶段：触片90接触螺栓31、32的临界点(如图4所示)至动铁芯40、静铁芯50相接触的临界点(如图5所示)。
触片90接触螺栓31、32后，触片90不再向右进行轴向运动，动铁芯40继续推动触片轴70向右轴向运动，触片轴70推动套筒80向右轴向运动，直至动铁芯40与静铁芯50相接触。在此过程中，套筒80压缩触片回位弹簧113和触片接触弹簧112，动铁芯回位弹簧111不被压缩。
第四阶段：电磁开关工作完毕断电时，弹簧系统推动动铁芯40和触片90回到初始位置(如图2所示)。
电磁开关工作完毕断电时，电磁线圈60作用于动铁芯40的电磁力消失。动铁芯40和触片轴70向左进行轴向运动回到初始位置。
此阶段容易发生触片90不能与第一螺栓31和第二螺栓32进行分离或及时分离，发生触点焊死的现象。在相关技术中，电磁开关工作完毕，触片轴70回到初始位置的回复力由弹簧提供，当触片90和第一螺栓31和第二螺栓32焊死时，存在焊死结合力大于触片回位弹簧力的情形，触片90无法与第一螺栓31和第二螺栓32进行分离，发生触点焊死，此时易发生电磁开关触点烧毁甚至起火，在此过程中，由于起动机一直处于工作也会过热烧坏。
与相关技术不同的是，本实施例所提供的电磁开关是借用动铁芯40的动能来打开触点，动铁芯40、触片轴70及第一锁垫101为固定一体的，在动铁芯40回位过程中其速度越来越快，如果此时触点存在焊死触片不能脱开第一螺栓31和第二螺栓32，第一锁垫101就会撞击套筒80，而这个由动铁芯40动能产生的撞击力远大于弹簧系统产生的回退力，套筒80通过第二锁垫102将这个撞击力传递到触片90上，从而使触片90脱离触点。
尽管本实施例所提供的电磁开关采用的是整体式结构，但由于触片轴70有一个触发结构——触片轴触发轴肩71，触片90在第一阶段中，在触发轴肩71接触触发台阶82之前并不随触片轴70一起运动，所以开关盖20的高度仍然可以与分体式电磁开关一样，而无需像常规的整体式电磁开关增加开关盖20的高度，即本实施例所提供的电磁开关长度短于常规的整体式结构的电磁开关长度。从而，大大降低了起动机电磁开关的制造成本。以说明书附图2为例，当该电磁开关和说明书附图1所示的相关技术的整体式电磁开关一样，同样具有12.5mm的气隙长度，触片90接触余量同样为2mm，本实施例所提供的电磁开关，触片90到第一螺栓31和第二螺栓32的距离仅为3mm，远远小于说明书附 图1所示的整体式电磁开关的10.5mm。需要说明的是，该接触余量是考虑到存在公差和触点电蚀情况下，为了保证触片90以一定的闭合压力接触第一螺栓31和第二螺栓32，触片90与第一螺栓31和第二螺栓32接触后，套筒80还要运动2mm，即触片接触弹簧112被压缩2mm。
与相关技术相比较，本实施例所提供的电磁开关具有以下优点：第一、开关盖高度较低，电磁开关较小，成本低；第二、及时打开触点，降低了电磁开关触点焊死的风险，延长了电磁开关的使用寿命。
如无特别说明，本文中出现的类似于“第一”、“第二”的限定语并非是指对时间顺序、数量、或者重要性的限定，而仅仅是为了将本技术方案中的一个技术特征与另一个技术特征相区分。同样地，本文中出现的类似于“一”的限定语并非是指对数量的限定，而是描述在前文中未曾出现的技术特征。同样地，本文中在数词前出现的类似于“大约”、“近似地”的修饰语通常包含本数，并且含义应当结合上下文意理解。同样地，除了特定的数量量词修饰的名词，本文中的名词应当视作即包含单数形式又包含复数形式，在该技术方案中即可以包括单数个该技术特征，也可以包括复数个该技术特征。
本说明书中所述的只是本公开的可选实施例，以上实施例仅用以说明本公开的技术方案而非对本公开的限制。
工业实用性
本公开提供一种电磁开关及使用该电磁开关的起动机，与相关技术相比较，本实施例所提供的电磁开关具有以下优点：第一、开关盖高度较低，电磁开关较小，成本低；第二、及时打开触点，降低了电磁开关触点焊死的风险，延长了电磁开关的使用寿命。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电磁开关，包括：
    开关壳，
    固定连接在所述开关壳上的开关盖、电磁线圈和静铁芯，
    固定安装在所述开关盖上的第一螺栓和第二螺栓，
    与所述静铁芯可接触设置的一动铁芯，
    固定连接在所述动铁芯的第一端的一触片轴，
    设置在所述触片轴上的一触片，以及
    套设于所述触片轴上的一套筒；其中，
    所述电磁线圈设置为产生一电磁力驱动所述动铁芯推动所述触片轴，所述套筒可沿所述触片轴的方向进行运动。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电磁开关，其中，所述触片轴具有一触发轴肩，所述套筒具有一触发台阶，所述触发轴肩和所述触发台阶形状相匹配。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电磁开关，其中，所述触片轴第一端固定有一第一锁垫，其中，所述第一锁垫位于所述套筒远离所述动铁芯的一侧。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的电磁开关，其中，所述套筒第一端固定有一第二锁垫，其中，所述第二锁垫位于所述触片远离所述动铁芯的一侧。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的电磁开关，所述电磁开关还包括一动铁芯回位弹簧，所述动铁芯回位弹簧套设于所述触片轴上，位于所述套筒靠近动铁芯的一侧，用于提供使所述电磁开关动铁芯回到初始状态的回复力。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的电磁开关，所述电磁开关还包括一触片回位弹簧，所述触片回位弹簧部分套设于所述触片轴上，位于所述套筒远离动铁芯的一侧，用于提供使所述电磁开关触片回到初始状态的回复力。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的电磁开关，所述电磁开关还包括一触片接触弹簧，所述触片接触弹簧套设于所述套筒上，用于提供触点闭合时的压力。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的电磁开关，其中，所述静铁芯具有前后贯穿的导向通孔，其中，所述导向通孔包括第一通孔和第二通孔，该第一通孔和第二通孔相交处设置有触发台阶。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电磁开关，所述套筒还包括一凸块，其中，所述凸块的一端抵靠于静铁芯的触发台阶上。
  10. 一种起动机，包括起动电机、传动机构以及如权利要求1至9任一项所述的电磁开关，其中，
    所述起动电机设置为产生扭矩；
    所述电磁开关设置为控制所述起动电机导通或停止；
    所述传动机构，设置为将所述扭矩传递给一发动机。
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CN110315324B (zh) * 2019-08-01 2024-05-14 成都华川电装有限责任公司 起动机电磁开关装配工装
CN112945070A (zh) * 2021-01-24 2021-06-11 东风电驱动系统有限公司 一种高效测量起动机齿轮头弹出尺寸的工装
CN112945070B (zh) * 2021-01-24 2022-11-25 东风电驱动系统有限公司 一种高效测量起动机齿轮头弹出尺寸的工装

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