WO2017145362A1 - 電力制御器 - Google Patents
電力制御器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017145362A1 WO2017145362A1 PCT/JP2016/055832 JP2016055832W WO2017145362A1 WO 2017145362 A1 WO2017145362 A1 WO 2017145362A1 JP 2016055832 W JP2016055832 W JP 2016055832W WO 2017145362 A1 WO2017145362 A1 WO 2017145362A1
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- power
- switch elements
- power controller
- controller according
- switch
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- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/42—Arrangements or adaptations of power supply systems
- B64G1/44—Arrangements or adaptations of power supply systems using radiation, e.g. deployable solar arrays
- B64G1/443—Photovoltaic cell arrays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/42—Arrangements or adaptations of power supply systems
- B64G1/425—Power storage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/42—Arrangements or adaptations of power supply systems
- B64G1/428—Power distribution and management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power controller that controls the amount of power supplied to a load.
- a power controller is used to control the amount of power supplied to the load.
- a power controller is used to supply a stabilized voltage of approximately 50 V or 100 V to a mounted device as a bus power source.
- a power controller for an artificial satellite power generated from a plurality of solar cell arrays during sunlight is used as power supplied to a load, and a surplus generated power shorts a specific solar cell array output (hereinafter referred to as a shunt).
- a shunt specific solar cell array output
- the number of constituent stages of the solar cell array is determined according to the required magnitude of generated power.
- the number of stages of solar cell arrays is about 10 to 40, and switch elements for shunting are connected in parallel to each solar cell array.
- the same number of switch elements that perform shunting as the number of constituent stages of the solar cell array are provided. Note that the number of stages of the solar cell array and the switch element is referred to as the number of shunt stages.
- switching of shunt or open is performed by driving on or off a switching element composed of a field effect transistor connected in parallel to each solar cell array.
- the switching operation of the switching element (hereinafter referred to as switching) is accompanied by heat generation due to switching loss.
- the thermal design is performed to withstand the conditions in which the heat generation of the switch element is maximized, so that the larger the maximum heat generation amount assumed for each switch element, the larger the device becomes. .
- a method has been devised in which the heat generation of the switch elements is made uniform to suppress the maximum heat generation amount of each switch element, and the power controller can be reduced in size and weight (for example, see Patent Document 1). .
- a ratio (shunt rate) for supplying power and shunting is determined based on the excess and deficiency of the power supply state for each control cycle, and the ON time of the switch element is calculated based on this shunt rate.
- Each switch element is sequentially driven by a timing signal that is uniformly assigned.
- the switching frequency of all the switch elements is made uniform, and the switching frequency of the individual switch elements is reduced to a fraction of the number of shunt stages compared to the switching frequency performed in the entire apparatus.
- the heat generated in the switching element is made uniform, the maximum heat generation amount can be suppressed, and the size and weight can be reduced by relaxing the thermal design conditions.
- the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and suppresses the maximum heat generation amount generated in each switch element, eliminates a control delay depending on the number of shunt stages, and is small, light and highly responsive power.
- An object is to provide a controller.
- a power controller is a power controller connected to a plurality of power supplies for supplying power and a load, provided corresponding to the plurality of power supplies, and switching to on or off, the corresponding power supplies Based on the operation amount, a plurality of switch elements that switch whether to supply the power from the load or to stop the supply, an arithmetic processing unit that calculates an operation amount for adjusting the amount of power supplied to the load, The number of switch elements to be turned on among the plurality of switch elements and the time ratio to be set to the number of switch elements are determined for each control cycle, and the plurality of switch elements are sequentially arranged based on the determined number of switch elements and the time ratio.
- a signal generation unit that generates a drive signal so as to be driven.
- control is performed so that the number of times of switching is reduced to a fraction of the number of shunt stages while determining the driving state of all the switch elements based on the amount of shunting performed in the entire apparatus for each control cycle.
- the control delay depending on the number of shunt stages, which has been a problem, can be eliminated while suppressing the amount of heat generated in the switch element, and a small, lightweight and highly responsive power controller can be provided.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power controller according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a timing chart illustrating an operation of the power controller according to the first embodiment.
- 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a signal generation unit 4 of the power controller according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the waveform of the signal generation part 4 of the power controller which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a signal generation unit 4 of a power controller according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the waveform of the signal generation part 4 of the power controller which concerns on Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power controller according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a timing chart illustrating an operation of the power controller according to the first embodiment.
- 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a signal generation unit 4 of the power controller according to Em
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a power controller according to a third embodiment.
- 3 is a block diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration of components of a power controller according to Embodiments 1 to 3.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a power controller according to a third embodiment.
- 3 is a block diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration of components of a power controller according to Embodiments 1 to 3.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a power controller according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the power controller 1 is connected to a plurality of DC power supplies I 1 to In (n is an integer of 3 or more) and a load 5 for supplying power. The power controller 1 controls the amount of power supplied to the load 5 from the plurality of DC power sources I1 to In.
- DC power supplies I1 to In are power supplies that supply power to the power controller 1, and are, for example, solar cell arrays.
- the solar cell array is an example of a power source that supplies power, and may be replaced with another power source that supplies power.
- the DC power sources I1 to In are assumed to be mounted on the artificial satellite.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and other spacecraft (artificial planets, space stations, etc.), the ground May be installed in marine and airborne equipment.
- the power controller 1 includes, for example, a plurality of switch elements S1 to Sn composed of field effect transistors (FETs), backflow prevention elements D1 to Dn composed of diodes, a power bus 2, and a control calculation unit 3A.
- the signal generation unit 4 and the bus capacitor Cbus are provided.
- the plurality of switch elements S1 to Sn are provided corresponding to the DC power sources I1 to In, and the power from the corresponding plurality of DC power sources I1 to In is supplied to the load 5 by switching on or off. Or whether to stop the supply.
- the switch elements S1 to Sn are connected in parallel to the DC power sources I1 to In, respectively.
- the switch elements S1 to Sn are, for example, switch elements using field effect transistors (FETs), but are not limited thereto, and other types of switch elements may be used.
- the plurality of switch elements S1 to Sn are configured to be connected in parallel to the DC power sources I1 to In.
- the present invention is not limited to this configuration. Any configuration can be used as long as it can supply or stop supplying power to the load.
- the backflow prevention elements D1 to Dn are provided corresponding to the DC power sources I1 to In, and are connected in series to the DC power sources I1 to In, respectively.
- the backflow prevention elements D1 to Dn are configured using diodes, and prevent current from flowing back to the power supplies I1 to In.
- the backflow prevention elements D1 to Dn are examples of elements that prevent a current from flowing back to the DC power sources I1 to In, and may be replaced with other elements having the same function.
- the DC power supplies I1 to In are connected in parallel between the drain terminals and the source terminals of the corresponding switch elements S1 to Sn, and are connected to the power bus 2 via the corresponding backflow prevention elements D1 to Dn.
- the connection point between the positive electrode of each DC power supply I1 to In and the drain terminal of each switch element S1 to Sn is connected to the anode terminal of the backflow prevention elements D1 to Dn, and the cathode terminal is connected to the power bus 2.
- a bus capacitor Cbus and a load 5 are connected to the power bus 2 in parallel.
- the arithmetic processing unit 3A has a shunt command value 6 that is an operation amount for adjusting the amount of power supplied to the load 5 according to the voltage of the power bus 2, that is, an operation amount for instructing the amount of shunting in the entire apparatus. Is an arithmetic processing circuit.
- the processing unit 3A detects the voltage of the power bus 2, generates a shunt command value 6 based on a difference value from a predetermined target value, and outputs the generated shunt command value 6 to the signal generation unit 4. To do.
- the signal generation unit 4 is connected to the plurality of switch elements S1 to Sn and the arithmetic processing unit 3A, and is turned on among the plurality of switch elements based on the shunt command value 6 input from the arithmetic processing unit 3A.
- the number of switch elements and the time ratio set for the number of switch elements are determined for each control period.
- the output terminal of the signal generation unit 4 is connected to the gate terminals of the plurality of switch elements S1 to Sn, and the switch elements S1 to Sn are driven to be turned on or off by a drive signal output from the signal generation unit 4.
- the load 5 is, for example, a satellite-mounted device and is connected to the power controller 1.
- the load 5 may be a power storage device such as a battery or may be connected via a charge / discharge controller.
- the power controller 1 shown in the first embodiment can supply power from the plurality of solar cell arrays I1 to In to the load 5 via the power bus 2, and the supply voltage is held by the bus capacitor Cbus.
- the power controller 1 supplies the power generated from the DC power sources I1 to In to the load 5 during sunshine, and shorts (shunts) the surplus generated power at an arbitrary time interval and ratio, thereby generating a bus voltage.
- Bus voltage control is performed to suppress the rise of Vbus.
- the arithmetic processing unit 3A has a shunt command value 6 that is an operation amount for adjusting the amount of power supplied to the load 5 so as to reduce the difference between the bus voltage Vbus and a predetermined target value. Is output to control the constant voltage of the bus voltage Vbus.
- the operation of the arithmetic processing unit 3A will be described by taking an example in which the difference between the bus voltage Vbus and the target value is the deviation Err and PID (proportional, integral, derivative) control is performed. However, the operation is limited to this method. is not.
- the target value is a rated value of the bus voltage Vbus, and 50 V to 100 V is generally used, but is not limited to this value.
- the arithmetic processing unit 3A calculates a deviation Err by taking a difference between the bus voltage Vbus of the power bus 2 detected by a voltage detector (not shown) and a predetermined target value.
- the deviation Err is expressed by Equation (1).
- the arithmetic processing unit 3A performs proportional, integral, and differential operations on the deviation Err, and outputs a signal obtained by adding them as a shunt command value 6. That is, the shunt command value 6 is expressed by the mathematical formula (2) in the constants KP, KI, and KD.
- any numerical value of 0 or more is selected so that the target bus voltage constant control can be performed according to the circuit constants.
- the shunt command value 6 is a numerical value that indicates an average value in each control cycle of the number of shunts, and any value from 0 to n is an effective value in the power controller shown in the first embodiment.
- the shunt command value 6 is 0, all generated power is supplied to the load.
- the shunt command value 6 is n, it means that all generated power is shunted and the power supply to the load is stopped.
- the shunt command value 6 calculated by the calculation processing unit 3A is transmitted to the signal generation unit 4.
- the signal generation unit 4 turns on the number of switch elements to be turned on (hereinafter referred to as ON number) and the control cycle set to the ON number.
- ON number the number of switch elements to be turned on
- a time ratio (hereinafter referred to as a time ratio) is determined.
- the switch element is driven based on the ON number, and when the ON number increases or decreases, a drive signal is generated so as to sequentially drive the plurality of switch elements S1 to Sn so that the switching operation is not concentrated on a specific switch element. .
- the details will be described below.
- FIG. 2 shows a timing chart showing the operation of the power controller 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the horizontal axis indicates the passage of time
- the vertical axis indicates the state of each signal.
- the number of shunt stages n is 4 is illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to this value.
- an example of the operation of the signal generation unit 4 when 2.4 and 1.6 are given as the shunt command value 6 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the switch elements S2 to S4 are turned on.
- rotation is performed in the same manner as in the first control cycle, and the two switch elements are turned on starting from the switch element S3. That is, the switch elements S3, S4 and S1 are turned on.
- the switching elements S1 to Sn are switched every n control cycles. Become. Since the switching frequency of each of the switching elements S1 to Sn is reduced to 1 / n of the switching frequency of the entire device, the heat generation conditions required for the switching elements S1 to Sn are suppressed. Further, since the states of all the switch elements are determined and driven every control cycle, a control delay depending on the number of shunt stages n does not occur.
- the starting switch element when the number of ONs decreases as described above, the starting switch element is rotated.
- the switch element whose on-time is long is driven off.
- the switch elements corresponding to the number of ONs are turned on from the switch element that is the starting point, so that the off time is the longest among the plurality of switch elements that are off.
- the switch element is driven on.
- it showed about the case where the number of ON decreases by 1 here it has composition which rotates one switch element used as a starting point, but when the number of ON decreases by 2 or more, it is in the number. It can also be rotated accordingly.
- the signal generation unit 4 illustrated in FIG. 3 includes a carrier wave generation unit 401, an offset superimposition unit 402, a comparator 403, an adder 405, an offset determination unit 407, A shunt assignment unit 409 is configured.
- a carrier wave having an amplitude of 1 is generated by the carrier wave generation unit 401.
- a signal obtained by adding the same offset as the amplitude of the carrier wave by the offset superimposing unit 402 to the carrier wave generated by the carrier wave generation unit 401 is input to the comparator 403.
- a shunt command value 6 that is an operation amount is input to the other input terminal of the comparator 403.
- a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal obtained by dividing the operation amount by the number of shunt stages is obtained, and a logical value “1” is output from the number of comparators 403 corresponding to the number of ONs in FIG. Accordingly, when the outputs of the comparators are added by the adder 405, the ON number 406 of the switch element is obtained.
- the offset generation unit 407 detects a decrease in the ON number 406, the offset generation unit 407 adds the decrease to the offset value 408 by joint arithmetic modulo n.
- the offset value 408 is different from the offset of the carrier wave and is a value indicating the starting point of the driving switch element, and takes a value of 0 to (n ⁇ 1).
- the switching element S1 is the starting point, and when the offset value 408 is 1, the starting point is S2.
- the shunt allocating unit 409 performs a cyclic shift operation on the PWM signal output from the comparator 403 by the offset value 408, and drives each switch element on or off.
- FIG. 3 shows an example in which a 2-input 1-output multiplexer is combined to perform cyclic shift, a multi-input multiplexer may be used to perform cyclic shift.
- the Vbus term is positive and the target value is negative, but the target value is positive and the Vbus term is negative.
- the sign of the equation may be reversed.
- Formula (2) of the shunt command value which is the manipulated variable, shows an example of PID control that uses values obtained by performing proportional, integral, and differential operations on the difference from the target value of the bus voltage. As long as an operation that increases the current shunted when the bus voltage increases is performed, another operation amount and calculation formula may be substituted.
- the arithmetic processing unit 3A and the signal generation unit 4 in the description of the present embodiment may be configured by a digital circuit hardware or software and performed by digital signal processing.
- the processing unit 3A and the signal generation unit 4 are configured with a processor and a memory, and a program stored in the memory is processed by the processor. Can be.
- the timing chart (FIG. 2) in the present embodiment has been described with reference to an example in which a sawtooth wave is used for the carrier wave generation unit 401 included in the signal generation unit 4 for the sake of simplicity.
- a triangular wave having an arbitrary duty ratio may be used.
- the signal generation unit 4 in the present embodiment has been described with reference to an example in which an offset is superimposed on a common carrier by the carrier generation unit 401 and the offset superimposition unit 402.
- a carrier having a different offset may be individually generated. The offset may be subtracted from the operation amount.
- the signal generation unit 4 in the present embodiment has been described as an example in which the number of the switch element that is the starting point is increased when the ON number is decreased, but the number of the switch element that is the starting point when the ON number is increased is described. The same effect can be obtained as a method of decreasing.
- a shunt command value that is an average value of the number of shunts is obtained from the deviation between the bus voltage and the target value, and a plurality of shunt command values are obtained.
- FIG. A power controller according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described.
- the power controller 1 according to the present embodiment is obtained by changing the configuration of the signal generation unit 4 in the power controller 1 shown in the first embodiment, and in the timing chart of FIG. Based on the operation shown, constant bus voltage control is performed.
- the configuration of the power controller according to Embodiment 2 is the same as that shown in FIG.
- the signal generation unit 4 includes a carrier wave generation unit 401, a comparator 403, an adder 405, an offset determination unit 407, and drive state determination units 411 to 414. And.
- FIG. 5 components denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 3 are the same as or equivalent to the components illustrated in FIG. 3.
- the signal generation unit 4 divides the shunt command value 6 input from the control calculation unit 3A into an integer part 6I and a decimal part 6F. Since the effective range of the shunt command value 6 is 0 to n, the integer part 6I takes an integer value from 0 to n, and the decimal part 6F takes a decimal value from 0 to less than 1.
- the decimal part 6F is compared with the carrier wave generated by the carrier wave generation part 401 using the comparator 403, and the decimal part PWM (Pulse Width Modulation, pulse width modulation) signal 408 is generated.
- the decimal part PWM signal 408 outputs 0 and 1 at an arbitrary time ratio, and the average value is a signal representing the decimal part 6F.
- the adder 405 adds the integer part 6I and the decimal part PWM signal 408, and calculates the ON number 406 of the switch element.
- the offset generation unit 407 detects a decrease in the ON number 406, the offset generation unit 407 adds the decrease to the offset value 408 by joint arithmetic modulo n.
- the offset value 408 is a value indicating the starting point of the switch element to be driven, and takes a value in the range of 0 to (n ⁇ 1). When the offset value 408 is 0, the switching element S1 is the starting point, and when the offset value 408 is 1, the switching element S2 is the starting point.
- the driving state (ON / OFF) of each switching element can be uniquely determined.
- the drive state determination units 411 to 414 determine whether or not each switch element belongs to a range to be turned on from the ON number 406 and the offset value 408, and determine whether or not to drive each switch element. With such a configuration, the amount of calculation can be reduced as compared with the power controller shown in the first embodiment.
- the operation is configured by hardware or software of a digital circuit as in the case of the first embodiment, and digital signal processing is performed. You may go.
- processing is performed by configuring the signal generation unit 4 with software, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, it is configured with a processor and a memory, and the program stored in the memory is processed by the processor. it can.
- FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 are a block diagram showing the operation of the signal generator 4 when the backflow prevention element D2 fails as an example, and a diagram showing waveforms of each part.
- the horizontal axis indicates the passage of time
- the vertical axis indicates the state of each signal.
- the failure information is input to the drive state determination units 411 to 414, and the drive state determination unit 412 that drives the switch element S2 connected to the failed backflow prevention element D2 is invalidated. At this time, if the missing number is generated, the control characteristics are deteriorated. Therefore, the operation of the drive state determination units 413 to 414 is changed to drive the switch element S3 as the second switch element and S4 as the third switch element. As a result, the operation as a power controller having three shunt stages can be continued.
- the power controller according to the second embodiment has the same characteristics as the power controller according to the first embodiment, the power control is small in size and light in weight as in the first embodiment. Can be provided.
- the power controller can be reduced in the circuit scale and program scale compared with the case shown in the first embodiment by reducing the amount of calculation. Can be configured. This makes it possible to provide a cheaper power controller.
- it is possible to continue the control operation of the bus voltage at the time of failure as in the normal state it is possible to provide a highly reliable power controller as compared with the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power controller according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. 9 is different from the power controller according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that a battery BAT is directly connected to the power bus 2.
- the power controller 1 according to the first embodiment performs constant voltage control of the bus voltage Vbus, but the power controller 1 according to the third embodiment controls the charging current Ichg of the battery BAT to a constant current. Is different.
- the constituent elements having the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 are the same or equivalent constituent elements, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the battery BAT is connected to the power bus 2 as described above.
- the current detector 7 is connected to the negative side of the battery BAT, and the battery charging current Ichg detected by the current detector 7 is output to the control calculation unit 3B.
- the control calculation unit 3B calculates a shunt command value 6 based on the input battery charging current Ichg and a predetermined current command value, and outputs it to the signal generation unit 4.
- the power controller 1 supplies power generated from the solar cell arrays I1 to In during sunshine as supply power to the load 5 and charge power to the battery BAT, and arbitrarily generates surplus of the generated power
- the charging current control is performed such that the increase in the charging current Ichg of the battery BAT is suppressed by shunting at the time interval and the ratio.
- arithmetic processing unit 3B outputs shunt command value 6 that reduces the difference between battery charging current Ichg and current command value.
- the operation of the arithmetic processing unit 3B will be described by taking as an example a case where the difference between the battery charging current Ichg and the current command value is the deviation Err and PID (proportional, integral, derivative) control is performed, but is limited to this method. It is not something.
- This current command value is determined based on the charging condition defined for each battery based on Vbus which is the voltage across the battery.
- the arithmetic processing unit 3B calculates the deviation Err by taking the difference between the battery charging current Ichg detected by the current detector 7 and the current command value.
- the deviation Err is expressed by Equation (3).
- proportional, integral, and differential operations are performed on the deviation Err based on Expression (2), and a signal obtained by adding them is output as the shunt command value 6.
- the constants KP, KI, and KD in Expression (2) arbitrary numerical values of 0 or more are selected so that the target charging current constant control can be performed according to the circuit constants.
- the power controller shown in the first embodiment is voltage control
- the power controller of the third embodiment is current control, and therefore the optimum constant is different from that of the power controller of the first embodiment. Become.
- the shunt command value 6 is a numerical value indicating an average value of the number of shunts as in the case of the first embodiment, and any value from 0 to n is a valid value. When the shunt command value 6 is 0, it means that all generated power is supplied to the load and the battery, and when it is n, all generated power is shunted.
- the shunt command value 6 is transmitted from the arithmetic processing unit 3B to the signal generating unit 4.
- the same control as that of the power controller according to the first embodiment is performed to perform constant control of the battery charging current Ichg.
- the power controller 1 according to the third embodiment operates in accordance with the timing chart of FIG. 2 in the same manner as the power controller according to the first embodiment, and thus has the same characteristics as the power controller.
- the term of the battery charging current Ichg is positive, but the current command value may be positive and the signs of the following formulas may be reversed.
- the shunt command value equation (2) which is the manipulated variable, is an example of PID control that uses values obtained by performing proportional, integral, and differential operations on the difference between the battery charging current Ichg and the current command value. Although shown, it may be replaced with another manipulated variable and calculation formula that performs an operation that increases the current shunted when the battery charging current Ichg increases.
- the equivalent operation as in the first embodiment may be configured by digital circuit hardware or software and performed by digital signal processing.
- processing is performed by configuring the arithmetic processing unit 3 with software, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, it is configured with a processor and a memory, and a program stored in the memory is processed by the processor. it can.
- the signal generator 4 may be replaced with the signal generator 4 shown in FIG. 5 as in the second embodiment.
- the current detector 7 may be installed on the positive electrode side of the battery BAT.
- the bus capacitor is not shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 9, a bus capacitor may be installed in order to reduce pulsation (ripple) of the battery charging current Ichg and the bus voltage Vbus.
- the power controller according to the third embodiment has the same characteristics as the power controller according to the first embodiment, a power controller that is small in size and light in weight as in the first embodiment. It is possible to provide.
- the power controller according to the present invention can be used as a power controller that performs constant control of the battery charging current.
- it can be used as an electric power controller that is mounted on an artificial satellite that employs a battery direct connection bus and controls the amount of electric power supplied from a solar cell.
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Abstract
Description
この制御遅れによるバス電圧の変動を許容範囲内に収めるためには、電力バスに並列に接続されるキャパシタ(バスキャパシタ)の大容量化等の対策が必要となり、電力制御器の小型化を妨げてしまうという問題があった。
本発明の実施の形態1に係る電力制御器について、図面を用いて説明する。図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る電力制御器の回路図である。図1に示すように、電力制御器1は、電力を供給する複数の直流電源I1~In(nは3以上の整数)と負荷5とに接続されている。また、電力制御器1は、この複数の直流電源I1~Inから負荷5に供給する電力量を制御するものである。
本発明の実施の形態2に係る電力制御器について説明する。本実施の形態に係る電力制御器1は、実施の形態1に示す電力制御器1において、信号生成部4の構成を変更したものであり、実施の形態1と同様に図2のタイミングチャートで示した動作に基づきバス電圧一定制御を行うものである。実施の形態2に係る電力制御器の構成は図1に示す場合と同様であり説明を省略する。
本発明の実施の形態3による電力制御器について説明する。図9は、本発明の実施の形態3に係る電力制御器の構成を示す回路図である。図9の電力制御器1は、図1に示した実施の形態1による電力制御器と異なり、電力バス2にバッテリBATが直結されている。実施の形態1に係る電力制御器1は、バス電圧Vbusの一定電圧制御を行うものであるが、実施の形態3に係る電力制御器1はバッテリBATの充電電流Ichgを一定電流に制御する点で異なっている。
実施の形態3に示す電力制御器では、演算処理部3Bは、バッテリ充電電流Ichgと電流指令値の差を減少させるようなシャント指令値6を出力する。以下、演算処理部3Bの動作として、バッテリ充電電流Ichgと電流指令値の差を偏差Errとし、PID(比例、積分、微分)制御を行う場合を例にとり説明を行うが、この方式に限定されるものではない。この電流指令値は、バッテリの両端電圧であるVbusに基づき、バッテリ毎に定められている充電条件によって決定される。
Claims (14)
- 電力を供給する複数の電源および負荷に接続される電力制御器であって、
前記複数の電源に対応して設けられ、オンまたはオフに切り替えることにより、対応する前記電源からの電力を前記負荷に供給させるか、供給を停止させるかを切り替える複数のスイッチ素子と、
前記負荷に供給する電力量を調整するための操作量を演算する演算処理部と、
前記操作量に基づいて、前記複数のスイッチ素子のうちオンとするスイッチ素子数、および、当該スイッチ素子数に設定する時比率を制御周期ごとに決定し、決定した前記スイッチ素子数および前記時比率に基づいて、前記複数のスイッチ素子を順に駆動させるよう駆動信号を生成する信号生成部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする電力制御器。 - 前記複数のスイッチ素子にはそれぞれ異なる番号が割り当てられており、
前記信号生成部は、前記複数のスイッチ素子のうち起点となるスイッチ素子を選択し、前記スイッチ素子数に基づいて、前記起点となるスイッチ素子から前記スイッチ素子に割り当てられた番号の正順または逆順でオンとする前記スイッチ素子を決定するとともに、前記スイッチ素子数が増加または減少する場合に、前記起点となるスイッチ素子を変更すること、
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力制御器。 - 前記複数の電源のそれぞれに直列に接続され、電流の逆流を防止する複数の逆流防止素子を備え、
前記複数のスイッチ素子は、それぞれ対応する前記複数の電源に対して並列に接続されており、オフとすることで対応する前記電源からの電力を負荷に供給し、オンとすることで対応する前記電源からの電力の負荷への供給を停止させること、
を特徴とする請求項1または2のいずれかに記載の電力制御器。 - 前記信号生成部は、前記スイッチ素子数が増減するタイミングで前記駆動信号を生成すること、
を特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の電力制御器。 - 前記操作量は、各制御周期における前記複数の電源を短絡させる量の平均値を示す値であり、短絡させる量の調整することによって負荷に供給する電力量を調整すること、
を特徴とする請求項3に記載の電力制御器。 - 前記信号生成部は、ノコギリ波、逆ノコギリ波又は三角波の少なくとも1つの搬送波と前記操作量とを比較することで、前記スイッチ素子数と前記時比率を決定すること、
を特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の電力制御器。 - 前記信号生成部は、前記スイッチ素子数が減少する際に、オンとなっている前記複数のスイッチ素子のうち最もオン時間が長くなっているスイッチ素子をオフに駆動すること、
を特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の電力制御器。 - 上記信号生成部は、前記スイッチ素子数が増加する際に、オフとなっている前記複数のスイッチ素子のうち最もオフ時間が長くなっているスイッチ素子をオンに駆動すること、
を特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の電力制御器。 - 前記信号生成部は、オフセットの異なる搬送波と前記操作量の比較しスイッチ素子のオンまたはオフのパターンを決定することで前記スイッチ素子数を決定すること、
を特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の電力制御器。 - 前記駆動信号生成部は、前記操作量を整数部と小数部に分割し、小数部を搬送波と比較して整数部に加算することで前記スイッチ素子数を決定すること、
を特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の電力制御器。 - 前記信号生成部は、自装置を構成する要素の故障情報に基づいて、駆動するスイッチ素子の割当てを変更すること、
を特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の電力制御器。 - 前記負荷に対して並列にバスキャパシタが接続され、前記演算処理部は、バス電圧の変動から電力の供給状態の過不足分を検出して、検出した過不足分に基づいて前記操作量を演算すること、
を特徴とする請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の電力制御器。 - 前記負荷に対して並列にバッテリが接続され、前記演算処理部は、バス電圧およびバッテリ充電電流の変動から前記電力の供給状態の過不足分を検出して、検出した過不足分に基づいて前記操作量を演算すること、
を特徴とする請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の電力制御器。 - 前記電源は太陽電池アレイであることを特徴とする請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の電力制御器。
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