WO2017136971A1 - (Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层、具有该复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具及其制备方法 - Google Patents

(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层、具有该复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2017136971A1
WO2017136971A1 PCT/CN2016/075360 CN2016075360W WO2017136971A1 WO 2017136971 A1 WO2017136971 A1 WO 2017136971A1 CN 2016075360 W CN2016075360 W CN 2016075360W WO 2017136971 A1 WO2017136971 A1 WO 2017136971A1
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target
layer
composite coating
tool
current
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French (fr)
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伍尚华
陈健
邓欣
刘伟
刘汝德
陈少华
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Guangdong University of Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0641Nitrides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/24Vacuum evaporation
    • C23C14/32Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/044Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of cemented carbide cutters, in particular to a (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating, a gradient ultra-fine cemented carbide cutter having the composite coating and a preparation method thereof.
  • coated carbide tools is an important milestone in the history of tool development. It is formed by coating a thin layer of refractory metal or non-metal compound with good wear resistance by a vapor deposition method on a cemented carbide substrate having good strength and toughness.
  • the coating reduces the diffusion and chemical reaction between the tool and the workpiece, thus reducing crater wear.
  • the coating has high hardness and heat resistance and reduces the coefficient of friction between the tool and the workpiece. Therefore, the coated tool can significantly improve the service life than the uncoated tool. Generally, the life of the coated tool can be compared with that of the uncoated tool. 2-5 times higher.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a gradient ultra-fine cemented carbide tool having a (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating and a preparation method thereof, (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite
  • the coating has good bonding with the tool base, and the tool has good wear resistance, high strength, and excellent impact resistance.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating and a preparation method thereof, (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite, which avoids the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • the coating has good bonding with the tool base, and the tool with the coating has good wear resistance, high strength, and excellent impact resistance.
  • a gradient ultra-fine cemented carbide tool having a (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating is provided, which is composed of a tool base and a (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating on a tool base.
  • the tool substrate comprises a normal tissue layer, a cobalt-rich transition layer and a cobalt-depleted cubic phase layer, and the normal tissue layer, the cobalt-rich transition layer and the cobalt-depleted cubic phase layer are arranged in order from the inside to the outside;
  • the (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating comprises a TiAlN layer deposited on the surface of the cobalt-depleted cubic phase layer as a transition layer and deposited on the transition layer as a functional layer (Ti, Al, Zr) ) N layer.
  • the content of cobalt in the tool base is 5-15 wt.%
  • the normal tissue layer is an ultrafine cemented carbide, and the WC grain size is 1-1000 nm;
  • the thickness of the normal tissue layer is greater than 2 mm, the thickness of the cobalt-rich transition layer is 20-100 microns; and the thickness of the cobalt-depleted cubic phase layer is 20-50 microns;
  • the functional layer has a thickness of 10 to 30 microns and the transition layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 2 microns.
  • the content of cobalt in the tool base is 8-12 wt.%; the WC grain size of the normal tissue layer is 1 nm-400 nm, and the (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating passes the multi-arc ion plating process. Prepared.
  • the vacuum chamber is heated and evacuated, and a high-purity Ar gas is introduced when the chamber temperature reaches 400-500 ° C and the degree of vacuum is 1.50 ⁇ 10 -2 -2.0 ⁇ 10 -2 Pa.
  • the flow rate in the Ar gas is 250- Maintaining a pressure of 1.5-2.5 Pa at 300 SCCM, cleaning the tool base mounted on the rotating table with Ar ion glow for 25-40 min;
  • the Ti target is introduced into the 60-- under the conditions of pulse bias of -180 to -130 V, duty ratio of 90%, working pressure of 0.5-0.8 Pa, and N2 flow of 220-280 SCCM.
  • 90A current deposited for 15-30min to prepare a TiAlN layer as a transition layer;
  • the multi-arc ion plating apparatus is driven by a magnetic filter driving power source, and adopts a pure Zr target with a purity of 99.99%, a pure Ti target, and two AlTi alloy targets.
  • the ratio of Al atoms to Ti atoms in the AlTi alloy target is 67: 33;
  • the vacuum chamber is heated and evacuated, and a high-purity Ar gas is introduced when the chamber temperature reaches 450 ° C and the degree of vacuum is 1.52 ⁇ 10 -2 Pa, and the pressure is maintained at 2 Pa when the Ar gas flow rate is 260 SCCM. Glow cleaning the tool base mounted on the rotary table for 30 min;
  • Ti target is connected to 80A current, and deposited for 20min as a transition.
  • Layer of TiAlN layer
  • a method for preparing a gradient ultra-fine cemented carbide tool having a (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating comprising preparing a tool base and preparing a (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component on a tool substrate surface Composite coating
  • the (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating is prepared by a multi-arc ion plating process.
  • the vacuum chamber is heated and evacuated, and a high-purity Ar gas is introduced when the chamber temperature reaches 400-500 ° C and the degree of vacuum is 1.50 ⁇ 10 -2 -2.0 ⁇ 10 -2 Pa.
  • the flow rate in the Ar gas is 250- Maintaining a pressure of 1.5-2.5 Pa at 300 SCCM, cleaning the tool base mounted on the rotating table with Ar ion glow for 25-40 min;
  • the Ti target is introduced into the 60-- under the conditions of pulse bias of -180 to -130 V, duty ratio of 90%, working pressure of 0.5-0.8 Pa, and N2 flow of 220-280 SCCM.
  • 90A current deposited for 15-30min to prepare a TiAlN layer as a transition layer;
  • a (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating for a gradient ultra-fine cemented carbide tool comprising a TiAlN layer for deposition on a surface of a tool substrate as a transition layer and deposited on the transition layer The (Ti, Al, Zr) N layer of the functional layer.
  • the functional layer has a thickness of 10 to 30 ⁇ m and the transition layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m.
  • a method for preparing a (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating is provided, and the specific preparation process is as follows:
  • the vacuum chamber is heated and evacuated, and a high-purity Ar gas is introduced when the chamber temperature reaches 400-500 ° C and the degree of vacuum is 1.50 ⁇ 10 -2 -2.0 ⁇ 10 -2 Pa.
  • the flow rate in the Ar gas is 250- Maintaining a pressure of 1.5-2.5 Pa at 300 SCCM, cleaning the tool base mounted on the rotating table with Ar ion glow for 25-40 min;
  • the Ti target is introduced into the 60-- under the conditions of pulse bias of -180 to -130 V, duty ratio of 90%, working pressure of 0.5-0.8 Pa, and N2 flow of 220-280 SCCM.
  • 90A current deposited for 15-30min to prepare a TiAlN layer as a transition layer;
  • the gradient ultra-fine cemented carbide tool with the (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating has good bonding property of the tool base and the (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating, and the whole The tool has good wear resistance and temperature resistance, high strength and excellent impact resistance.
  • (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating which has good adhesion to the tool base, good adhesion between the coatings of the composite coating, and good high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a gradient ultra-fine cemented carbide tool having a (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the interlayer structure of a gradient ultrafine cemented carbide tool having a (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating of the present invention.
  • a gradient ultra-fine cemented carbide tool having a (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating is composed of a tool base and a (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating composition.
  • the tool substrate comprises a normal tissue layer, a cobalt-rich transition layer and a cobalt-depleted cubic phase layer, and the normal tissue layer, the cobalt-rich transition layer and the cobalt-depleted cubic phase layer are arranged in order from the inside to the outside.
  • the content of cobalt in the tool base is 5-15 wt.%, preferably the content of cobalt is 8-12 wt.%.
  • the normal tissue layer is an ultrafine cemented carbide having a WC grain size of 1-1000 nm, preferably a WC grain size of 1-500 nm.
  • the cobalt-depleted cubic phase layer is rich in cubic phase nitrides or carbonitrides, and the cubic phase nitrides and carbonitrides in the cemented carbide have a higher hardness than the densely packed hexagonal phase WC. Therefore, the cobalt-poor rich cube
  • the surface layer of the phase has a higher hardness.
  • the cobalt-rich transition layer is rich in a binder phase.
  • the core is a rigid tissue region, that is, a normal tissue layer.
  • the WC crystal grain is uniform and fine, and the average WC grain size is less than or equal to 500 nm, which has excellent mechanical properties of the ultrafine cemented carbide.
  • the thickness of the normal tissue layer is greater than 2 mm, the thickness of the cobalt-rich transition layer is 20-100 microns, and the thickness of the cobalt-depleted cubic phase layer is 20-50 microns.
  • the functional layer has a thickness of 10-30 microns.
  • the coating thickness is less than 1um, the wear resistance is poor, and it is quickly worn during the cutting process, which can not effectively improve the cutting performance and life of the tool.
  • the coating thickness is too thick, the coating Poor adhesion to the substrate, excessive compressive stress causes cracking and spalling of the coating, shortening tool life.
  • the thickness of the coating is controlled by adjusting the deposition time.
  • the thickness of the transition layer is 0.1-2 microns, and the transition layer enhances its bond with the cobalt-depleted cubic phase layer. Force to reduce internal stress.
  • the gradient ultra-fine cemented carbide tool with the (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating has good bonding property of the tool base and the (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating, and the whole The tool has good wear resistance and temperature resistance, high strength and excellent impact resistance.
  • a method for preparing a gradient ultrafine cemented carbide tool having a (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating comprising preparing a tool base and preparing (Ti, Al, Zr) N on a tool substrate surface Component composite coating.
  • the cemented carbide substrate precursor is prepared by four steps of sintering.
  • cemented carbide precursor precursor after the finish grinding process is subjected to gradient sintering to prepare a cemented carbide tool base with surface cobalt-depleted and cubic phase-rich structure.
  • the (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating is prepared by arc ion plating, and the specific preparation process is as follows:
  • the vacuum chamber is heated and evacuated, and a high-purity Ar gas is introduced when the chamber temperature reaches 400-500 ° C and the degree of vacuum is 1.50 ⁇ 10 -2 -2.0 ⁇ 10 -2 Pa.
  • the flow rate in the Ar gas is 250- Maintaining a pressure of 1.5-2.5 Pa at 300 SCCM, cleaning the tool base mounted on the rotating table with Ar ion glow for 25-40 min;
  • the Ti target is introduced into the 60-- under the conditions of pulse bias of -180 to -130 V, duty ratio of 90%, working pressure of 0.5-0.8 Pa, and N2 flow of 220-280 SCCM.
  • 90A current deposited for 15-30min to prepare a TiAlN layer as a transition layer;
  • the gradient ultra-fine cemented carbide tool with the (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating has good bonding property of the tool base and the (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating, and the whole The tool has good wear resistance and temperature resistance, high strength and excellent impact resistance.
  • Example 3 The gradient ultra-fine cemented carbide tool with the (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating has good bonding property of the tool base and the (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating, and the whole The tool has good wear resistance and temperature resistance, high strength and excellent impact resistance.
  • a method for preparing a gradient ultrafine cemented carbide tool having a (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating comprising preparing a tool base and preparing (Ti, Al, Zr) N on a tool substrate surface Component composite coating.
  • the tool base is sintered from the following mass percent components: 5-15% TiC, 2-5% TaC, 10-15% alloy binder phase, and the balance is WC.
  • the alloy binder phase consists of the following mass percentages of powder: 0.5-5.5% Cr, 0.5-5.5% Mo, 0.5-5.5% B, 0.5-5.5% Al, 0.5-5.5% V, 0.5- 5.5% Y, 0.5-5.5% Si, the balance is Co, and the sum of the masses of Cr, Mo, B, Al, V, Y and Si in the alloy binder phase is 7-20 of the quality of the alloy binder phase. %.
  • the preparation method of the tool base comprises the following steps:
  • alloy binder phase Eight kinds of powders of Cr, Mo, B, Al, V, Y, Si and Co are weighed according to the mass percentage, and eight kinds of powders are uniformly mixed to obtain an alloy binder phase. Preferably, eight powders are placed in a ball mill, ball milled with a cemented carbide ball for 72 hours, and ball milled for 10 minutes after each ball mill for 1 hour to obtain an alloy binder phase.
  • the blank can be first press-molded by a molding machine to obtain a green body; and the green body is further pressed by a cold isostatic press to obtain a green body.
  • the blank is placed in a sintering furnace, heated to 1200-1250 ° C at a rate of 5-8 ° C / min, maintained for 18-22 min, and maintained at a vacuum below 10 -3 Pa; then into the sintering furnace Fill with nitrogen and raise the temperature to 1420-1450 ° C at 1-3 ° C / min, keep the pressure for 55-65 min and maintain the pressure above 0.2 MPa; then cool down to 1000-1200 ° C at 2-6 ° C / min, The temperature is maintained for 110-130 min, and the pressure of 0.2 MPa or more is maintained; then the green body is cooled with the furnace and maintained at a pressure of 0.2 MPa or more to obtain a surface hardened gradient cemented carbide.
  • a pre-sintering step is performed in which the green body is placed in a sintering furnace and sintered at 1400 ° C for 10 min under an inert gas atmosphere; the green body is refined with the furnace to refine the shape of the green body.
  • the cemented carbide substrate prepared by the method has excellent mechanical properties and improves the red hardness of the cemented carbide.
  • the grain in the cemented carbide matrix is small, which is the normal tissue layer; the surface layer of the cemented carbide is rich in cubic phase and the binder phase is lean in cobalt-rich cubic phase, and there is a transition layer rich in alloyed binder phase under the surface layer. Cobalt transition layer, so that the cemented carbide has excellent hardness, wear resistance and toughness.
  • the alloy substrate After the alloy substrate is prepared, it is chemically cleaned, and then a (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating is deposited on the surface.
  • the multi-arc ion plating equipment is driven by a magnetic filter driving power source, and adopts a pure Zr target with a purity of 99.99%, a pure Ti target, and two AlTi alloy targets.
  • the ratio of Al atoms to Ti atoms in the AlTi alloy target is 67:33.
  • the vacuum chamber is heated and evacuated, and a high-purity Ar gas is introduced when the chamber temperature reaches 450 ° C and the degree of vacuum is 1.52 ⁇ 10 -2 Pa, and the pressure is maintained at 2 Pa when the Ar gas flow rate is 260 SCCM. Glow cleaning the tool base mounted on the rotary table for 30 min;
  • Ti target is connected to 80A current, and deposited for 20min as a transition.
  • Layer of TiAlN layer
  • the gradient ultra-fine cemented carbide tool with the (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating prepared by the invention has the combination of the tool base and the (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating Well, the overall tool has good wear and temperature resistance, high strength and excellent impact resistance.
  • the component composite coating is the same, including a TiAlN layer for deposition on the surface of the tool substrate as a transition layer, and a (Ti, Al, Zr) N layer deposited as a functional layer on the transition layer.
  • the (Ti, Al, Zr) N multi-component composite coating prepared by the invention has good bonding property with the tool base, and the adhesion between the coating layers of the composite coating is good, and the high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and wear resistance thereof Good toughness, high strength and excellent impact resistance.

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Abstract

一种(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层、具有(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具及其制备方法。合金刀具由刀具基体和(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层构成。刀具基体设置有正常组织层、富钴过渡层和贫钴富立方相层。(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层包括作为过渡层的TiAlN层、作为功能层的(Ti,Al,Zr)N层。本发明具有该(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具,其刀具基体与(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层结合性好,整体刀具具有良好的耐磨耐温性能,强度高、抗冲击性能优良。(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层,其与刀具基体结合性良好,复合涂层的涂层之间附着力良好,其耐高温性、耐腐蚀性、耐磨性良好。

Description

(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层、具有该复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及硬质合金刀具技术领域,特别是涉及一种(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层、具有该复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具及其制备方法。
背景技术
涂层硬质合金刀具的出现是刀具发展史上的一个重要里程碑。它是在强度和韧性较好的硬质合金基体上,利用气相沉积方法涂覆一薄层耐磨性好的难熔金属或非金属化合物而形成。
涂层作为一个化学屏障和热屏障,减少了刀具与工件间的扩散和化学反应,从而减少了月牙洼磨损。涂层具有很高的硬度和耐热性,并降低了刀具与工件间的摩擦系数,因此涂层刀具比未涂层刀具可显著地提高使用寿命,通常涂层刀具的寿命可比未涂层刀具高2-5倍。
目前,己在硬质合金刀具表面成功制备多种涂层,从二元涂层到复杂的多层、多元涂层。其中,应用最广泛的为过渡金属氮化物涂层,如TiN和TiAlN等。随着切削工具的发展和被加工材料的要求,对切削刀具的性能提出了更苛刻的要求。切削刀具要具有高耐磨性、高韧性,还要具有耐高温、耐冲击等特点。
因此,针对现有技术不足,提供一种适用于硬质合金刀具表面性能增强的(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层、具有该复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具及其制备方法以克服现有技术不足甚为必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种具有(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具及其制备方法,(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层与刀具基体结合性良好,刀具具有耐磨耐温性好,强度高、抗冲击性能优良。
本发明的另一目的在于避免现有技术的不足之处而提供一种(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层及其制备方法,(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层与刀具基体结合性良好,具有该涂层的刀具耐磨耐温性好,强度高、抗冲击性能优良。
本发明的上述目的通过如下技术手段实现。
提供一种具有(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具,由刀具基体和设置于刀具基体上的(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层构成;
所述刀具基体包括正常组织层、富钴过渡层和贫钴富立方相层,所述正常组织层、富钴过渡层和贫钴富立方相层按照从内而外的顺序依次排列;
所述(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层包括用于沉积于贫钴富立方相层表面作为过渡层的TiAlN层和沉积于过渡层上作为功能层的(Ti,Al,Zr)N层。
上所述刀具基体中钴的含量为5-15wt.%;
所述正常组织层为超细硬质合金,WC晶粒尺寸为1-10000nm;
所述正常组织层的厚度大于2mm,所述富钴过渡层的厚度为20-100微米;所述贫钴富立方相层的厚度为20-50微米;
所述功能层的厚度为10-30微米,所述过渡层厚度为0.1-2微米。
上述刀具基体中钴的含量为8-12wt.%;所述正常组织层的WC晶粒尺寸为1nm-400nm,上述(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层通过多弧离子镀工艺制备而成。
上述的具有(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具,(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的具体制备过程如下:
(1)刀具基体及靶材清洗
对真空室进行加热和抽真空,在腔室温度达到400-500℃、真空度为1.50×10-2-2.0×10-2Pa时通入高纯度的Ar气,在Ar气流量为250-300SCCM时保持压强为1.5-2.5Pa,利用Ar离子辉光清洗安装于旋转台上的刀具基体25-40min;
保持旋转台以2-5rpm的转速旋转,抽真空至10-3Pa时,在刀具基体上加占空比为45-550%、脉冲偏压-1000V,将Ti靶和Al靶通入80-100A的电流进行烧靶,然后将两个AlTi合金靶通入70-90A电流烧靶进行烧靶,完成对靶材的清洗;
(2)高能钛离子轰击刀具基体
在脉冲偏压-250至-150V、占空比90%、工作压强0.5-0.8Pa、N2流量180-250SCCM的条件下,在Ti靶通入60-80A电流,在温度380-420℃利用高能金属Ti离子轰击刀具基体3-8min,粗化基体表面;
(3)沉积TiAlN层
在Ti金属离子轰击刀具基体后,在脉冲偏压-180至-130V、占空比为90%、工作压强为0.5-0.8Pa、N2流量为220-280SCCM的条件下,Ti靶通入60-90A电流,沉积15-30min制备得到作为过渡层的TiAlN层;
(3)沉积功能层
在脉冲偏压-50V~-200V、占空比为90%、压强1.5Pa~3.0Pa的调节下,对Zr靶通70-90A电流、AlTi合金靶通60A~90A电流,在温度400℃下沉积时间35-50min得到(Ti,Al,Si,Zr)N层。
优选的,上述多弧离子镀设备以磁过滤驱动电源驱动,采用纯度为99.99%的纯Zr靶、纯Ti靶和两个AlTi合金靶,AlTi合金靶中Al原子与Ti原子的比为67:33;
(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的具体制备过程如下:
(1)刀具基体及靶材清洗
对真空室进行加热和抽真空,在腔室温度达到450℃、真空度为1.52×10-2Pa时通入高纯度的Ar气,在Ar气流量为260SCCM时保持压强为2Pa, 利用Ar离子辉光清洗安装于旋转台上的刀具基体30min;
保持旋转台以3rpm的转速旋转,抽真空至10-3Pa时,在刀具基体上加占空比为50%、脉冲偏压-1000V,将Ti靶和Al靶通入90A的电流进行烧靶,然后将两个AlTi合金靶通入80A电流烧靶进行烧靶,完成对靶材的清洗;
(2)高能钛离子轰击刀具基体
在脉冲偏压-200V、占空比90%、工作压强0.6Pa、N2流量200SCCM的条件下,在Ti靶通入70A电流,在温度400℃利用高能金属Ti离子轰击刀具基体5min,粗化基体表面;
(3)沉积TiAlN层
在Ti金属离子轰击刀具基体后,在脉冲偏压-150V、占空比为90%、工作压强为0.6Pa、N2流量为250SCCM的条件下,Ti靶通入80A电流,沉积20min制备得到作为过渡层的TiAlN层;
(3)沉积功能层
在脉冲偏压-150V、占空比为90%、压强2.0Pa的调节下,对Zr靶通80A电流、AlTi合金靶通80A电流,在温度400℃下沉积时间45min得到(Ti,Al,Si,Zr)N层。
提供具有(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具的制备方法,包括刀具基体的制备和在刀具基体表面制备(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层;
(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层通过多弧离子镀工艺制备而成。
(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的具体制备过程如下:
(1)刀具基体及靶材清洗
对真空室进行加热和抽真空,在腔室温度达到400-500℃、真空度为1.50×10-2-2.0×10-2Pa时通入高纯度的Ar气,在Ar气流量为250-300SCCM时保持压强为1.5-2.5Pa,利用Ar离子辉光清洗安装于旋转台上的刀具基体25-40min;
保持旋转台以2-5rpm的转速旋转,抽真空至10-3Pa时,在刀具基体上加占空比为45-550%、脉冲偏压-1000V,将Ti靶和Al靶通入80-100A的电流进行烧靶,然后将两个AlTi合金靶通入70-90A电流烧靶进行烧靶,完成对靶材的清洗;
(2)高能钛离子轰击刀具基体
在脉冲偏压-250至-150V、占空比90%、工作压强0.5-0.8Pa、N2流量180-250SCCM的条件下,在Ti靶通入60-80A电流,在温度380-420℃利用高能金属Ti离子轰击刀具基体3-8min,粗化基体表面;
(3)沉积TiAlN层
在Ti金属离子轰击刀具基体后,在脉冲偏压-180至-130V、占空比为90%、工作压强为0.5-0.8Pa、N2流量为220-280SCCM的条件下,Ti靶通入60-90A电流,沉积15-30min制备得到作为过渡层的TiAlN层;
(3)沉积功能层
在脉冲偏压-50V~-200V、占空比为90%、压强1.5Pa~3.0Pa的调节下,对Zr靶通70-90A电流、AlTi合金靶通60A~90A电流,在温度400℃下沉积时间35-50min得到(Ti,Al,Si,Zr)N层。
提供一种用于梯度超细硬质合金刀具的(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层,包括用于沉积于刀具基体表面作为过渡层的TiAlN层和和沉积于过渡层上作为功能层的(Ti,Al,Zr)N层。
上述功能层的厚度为10-30微米,所述过渡层厚度为0.1-2微米。
提供一种的(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的制备方法,具体制备过程如下:
(1)刀具基体及靶材清洗
对真空室进行加热和抽真空,在腔室温度达到400-500℃、真空度为1.50×10-2-2.0×10-2Pa时通入高纯度的Ar气,在Ar气流量为250-300SCCM时保持压强为1.5-2.5Pa,利用Ar离子辉光清洗安装于旋转台上的刀具基体25-40min;
保持旋转台以2-5rpm的转速旋转,抽真空至10-3Pa时,在刀具基体上加占空比为45-550%、脉冲偏压-1000V,将Ti靶和Al靶通入80-100A的电流进行烧靶,然后将两个AlTi合金靶通入70-90A电流烧靶进行烧靶,完成对靶材的清洗;
(2)高能钛离子轰击刀具基体
在脉冲偏压-250至-150V、占空比90%、工作压强0.5-0.8Pa、N2流量180-250SCCM的条件下,在Ti靶通入60-80A电流,在温度380-420℃利用高能金属Ti离子轰击刀具基体3-8min,粗化基体表面;
(3)沉积TiAlN层
在Ti金属离子轰击刀具基体后,在脉冲偏压-180至-130V、占空比为90%、工作压强为0.5-0.8Pa、N2流量为220-280SCCM的条件下,Ti靶通入60-90A电流,沉积15-30min制备得到作为过渡层的TiAlN层;
(3)沉积功能层
在脉冲偏压-50V~-200V、占空比为90%、压强1.5Pa~3.0Pa的调节下,对Zr靶通70-90A电流、AlTi合金靶通60A~90A电流,在温度400℃下沉积时间35-50min得到(Ti,Al,Si,Zr)N层。
本发明具有该(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具,其刀具基体与(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层结合性好,整体刀具具有良好的耐磨耐温性能,强度高、抗冲击性能优良。(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层,其与刀具基体结合性良好,复合涂层的涂层之间附着力良好,其耐高温性、耐腐蚀性、耐磨性良好。
附图说明
利用附图对本发明作进一步的说明,但附图中的内容不构成对本发明的任何限制。
图1是本发明一种具有(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具的示意图。
图2是本发明一种具有(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具的层间结构示意图。
具体实施方式
结合以下实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1。
一种具有(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具,如图1、图2所示,由刀具基体和设置于刀具基体上的(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层构成。
刀具基体包括正常组织层、富钴过渡层和贫钴富立方相层,正常组织层、富钴过渡层和贫钴富立方相层按照从内而外的顺序依次排列。刀具基体中钴的含量为5-15wt.%,优选钴的含量为8-12wt.%。正常组织层为超细硬质合金,WC晶粒尺寸为1-10000nm,优选WC晶粒尺寸为1-500nm。
贫钴富立方相层中富含立方相氮化物或碳氮化物,硬质合金中的立方相氮化物和碳氮化物具有比密排六方相的WC更高的硬度.因此,贫钴富立方相的表层具有更高的硬度。富钴过渡层中富含粘结相,当涂层中形成的裂纹扩散到该区域时,由于其良好的韧性,可以吸收裂纹扩散时的能量,因此,能够有效地阻止裂纹向合金内部扩散,并且能较好地吸收刀具切削时的冲击能量,因而有高的抗冲击韧性特性,进而有利于提高刀具材料的使用寿命。芯部为刚性组织区域即正常组织层,WC晶粒分布均匀且细小,平均WC晶粒尺寸小于等于500nm,具有超细硬质合金优异的力学性能。
正常组织层的厚度大于2mm,富钴过渡层的厚度为20-100微米,贫钴富立方相层的厚度为20-50微米。
功能层的厚度为10-30微米。当涂层厚度低于1um时,其耐磨性较差,在切削加工过程中很快被磨损,不能起到有效改善刀具切削性能和寿命的作用,而当涂层厚度过厚时,涂层与基体的结合力差,过高的压应力导致涂层开裂和剥落,缩短刀具使用寿命。涂层的厚度是通过调节沉积时间来控制的。
过渡层厚度为0.1-2微米,过渡层增进其与贫钴富立方相层之间的结合 力,降低内应力。
本发明具有该(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具,其刀具基体与(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层结合性好,整体刀具具有良好的耐磨耐温性能,强度高、抗冲击性能优良。
实施例2。
提供一种具有(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具的制备方法,包括刀具基体的制备和在刀具基体表面制备(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层。
刀具基体的具体制备过程如下:
(1)以难熔金属碳化物、粘结金属和TiCN和其他粉末如TiC,TaC,或其他强氮化物形成元素的碳化物、碳氮化物为原料,通过球磨混合、干燥过筛、压制成型和烧结四个步骤制备得到硬质合金基体前驱体。
(2)对硬质合金基体前驱体进行精磨加工处理。
(3)对精磨加工处理后的硬质合金基体前驱体进行梯度烧结,制备得到表层贫钴和富立方相梯度结构硬质合金刀具基体。
(4)对刀具基体进行化学清洗后,然后在其表面沉积(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层。
(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层通过电弧离子镀方式制备,具体制备过程如下:
(1)刀具基体及靶材清洗
对真空室进行加热和抽真空,在腔室温度达到400-500℃、真空度为1.50×10-2-2.0×10-2Pa时通入高纯度的Ar气,在Ar气流量为250-300SCCM时保持压强为1.5-2.5Pa,利用Ar离子辉光清洗安装于旋转台上的刀具基体25-40min;
保持旋转台以2-5rpm的转速旋转,抽真空至10-3Pa时,在刀具基体上加占空比为45-550%、脉冲偏压-1000V,将Ti靶和Al靶通入80-100A的电流进行烧靶,然后将两个AlTi合金靶通入70-90A电流烧靶进行烧靶,完成对靶材的清洗;
(2)高能钛离子轰击刀具基体
在脉冲偏压-250至-150V、占空比90%、工作压强0.5-0.8Pa、N2流量180-250SCCM的条件下,在Ti靶通入60-80A电流,在温度380-420℃利用高能金属Ti离子轰击刀具基体3-8min,粗化基体表面;
(3)沉积TiAlN层
在Ti金属离子轰击刀具基体后,在脉冲偏压-180至-130V、占空比为90%、工作压强为0.5-0.8Pa、N2流量为220-280SCCM的条件下,Ti靶通入60-90A电流,沉积15-30min制备得到作为过渡层的TiAlN层;
(3)沉积功能层
在脉冲偏压-50V~-200V、占空比为90%、压强1.5Pa~3.0Pa的调节下,对Zr靶通70-90A电流、AlTi合金靶通60A~90A电流,在温度400℃下沉积时间35-50min得到(Ti,Al,Si,Zr)N层。
本发明具有该(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具,其刀具基体与(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层结合性好,整体刀具具有良好的耐磨耐温性能,强度高、抗冲击性能优良。实施例3。
提供一种具有(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具的制备方法,包括刀具基体的制备和在刀具基体表面制备(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层。
刀具基体由以下质量百分比的各组分烧结而成:5-15%的TiC,2-5%的TaC,10-15%合金粘结相,余量为WC。合金粘结相由以下质量百分比的粉体组成:0.5-5.5%的Cr,0.5-5.5%的Mo,0.5-5.5%的B,0.5-5.5%的Al,0.5-5.5%的V,0.5-5.5%的Y,0.5-5.5%的Si,余量为Co,且合金粘结相中Cr、Mo、B、Al、V、Y和Si的质量之和为合金粘结相质量的7-20%。
刀具基体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、制备合金粘结相:按质量百分比分别称取Cr、Mo、B、Al、V、Y、Si、Co八种粉体,将八种粉体混合均匀,得合金粘结相。优选将八种粉体置于球磨机中,用硬质合金研磨球球磨72小时,且每球磨1h就暂停球磨10min,得到合金粘结相。
S2、制备坯料:按质量百分比分别称取合金粘结相、TiC、TaC、WC四种组分,四种组分组成原料粉体;按原料粉体总质量的1.5-2.5%称取石蜡,并将石蜡与原料粉体混合均匀,得到坯料。
S3、压制坯体:将坯料压制成型,得坯体。
可先用压模机将坯料压制成型,得初坯体;再用冷等静压机进一步压制初坯体,得坯体。
S4、烧结:将坯体置于烧结炉中,以5-8℃/min的速度升温至1200-1250℃,保温18-22min,并保持10-3Pa以下的真空度;然后向烧结炉中充入氮气并以1-3℃/min的速度升温至1420-1450℃,保温55-65min且保持0.2MPa以上的压强;接着再以2-6℃/min的速度降温至1000-1200℃,保温110-130min,并保持0.2MPa以上的压强;再接着坯体随炉冷却,并保持0.2MPa以上的压强,制得表面硬化的梯度硬质合金。
可在步骤S4前,进行预烧结步骤,所述预烧结步骤是将坯体置于烧结炉中,在惰性气体气氛下,以1400℃烧结10min;坯体随炉冷却后精修坯体外形。
该方法所制备的硬质合金基体具有优异的力学性能,改善了硬质合金的红硬性。硬质合金基体内的晶粒细小,为正常组织层;硬质合金的表层富立方相而贫粘结相即贫钴富立方相,且表层下还有一富合金化粘结相的过渡层即富钴过渡层,从而使硬质合金具有优异的硬度、耐磨性和韧性。
合金基体制备完成后,对其进行化学清洗,然后在其表面沉积(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层。
多弧离子镀设备以磁过滤驱动电源驱动,采用纯度为99.99%的纯Zr靶、纯Ti靶和两个AlTi合金靶,AlTi合金靶中Al原子与Ti原子的比为67:33。
(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的具体制备过程如下:
(1)刀具基体及靶材清洗
对真空室进行加热和抽真空,在腔室温度达到450℃、真空度为1.52×10-2Pa时通入高纯度的Ar气,在Ar气流量为260SCCM时保持压强为2Pa,利用Ar离子辉光清洗安装于旋转台上的刀具基体30min;
保持旋转台以3rpm的转速旋转,抽真空至10-3Pa时,在刀具基体上加占空比为50%、脉冲偏压-1000V,将Ti靶和Al靶通入90A的电流进行烧靶,然后将两个AlTi合金靶通入80A电流烧靶进行烧靶,完成对靶材的清洗;
(2)高能钛离子轰击刀具基体
在脉冲偏压-200V、占空比90%、工作压强0.6Pa、N2流量200SCCM的条件下,在Ti靶通入70A电流,在温度400℃利用高能金属Ti离子轰击刀具基体5min,粗化基体表面;
(3)沉积TiAlN层
在Ti金属离子轰击刀具基体后,在脉冲偏压-150V、占空比为90%、工作压强为0.6Pa、N2流量为250SCCM的条件下,Ti靶通入80A电流,沉积20min制备得到作为过渡层的TiAlN层;
(3)沉积功能层
在脉冲偏压-150V、占空比为90%、压强2.0Pa的调节下,对Zr靶通80A电流、AlTi合金靶通80A电流,在温度400℃下沉积时间45min得到(Ti,Al,Si,Zr)N层。
本发明所制备的具有该(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具,其刀具基体与(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层结合性好,整体刀具具有良好的耐磨耐温性能,强度高、抗冲击性能优良。
实施例4。
一种用于梯度超细硬质合金刀具的(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层,其结构与实施例1-3中任意一项中的(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层相同,包括用于沉积于刀具基体表面作为过渡层的TiAlN层、沉积于过渡层上作为功能层的(Ti,Al,Zr)N层。
本发明制备的(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层,其与刀具基体结合性良好,复合涂层的涂层之间附着力良好,其耐高温性、耐腐蚀性、耐磨性良好,强度高、抗冲击性能优良。
最后应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域 的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种具有(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具,其特征在于:
    由刀具基体和设置于刀具基体上的(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层构成;
    所述刀具基体包括正常组织层、富钴过渡层和贫钴富立方相层,所述正常组织层、富钴过渡层和贫钴富立方相层按照从内而外的顺序依次排列;
    所述(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层包括用于沉积于贫钴富立方相层表面作为过渡层的TiAlN层和沉积于过渡层上作为功能层的(Ti,Al,Zr)N层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的具有(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具,其特征在于:
    所述刀具基体中钴的含量为5-15wt.%;
    所述正常组织层为超细硬质合金,WC晶粒尺寸为1-10000nm;
    所述正常组织层的厚度大于2mm,所述富钴过渡层的厚度为20-100微米;所述贫钴富立方相层的厚度为20-50微米;
    所述功能层的厚度为10-30微米,所述过渡层厚度为0.1-2微米。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的具有(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具,其特征在于:所述刀具基体中钴的含量为8-12wt.%;所述正常组织层的WC晶粒尺寸为1nm-400nm;所述(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层通过多弧离子镀工艺制备而成。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的具有(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具,其特征在于:
    (Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的具体制备过程如下:
    (1)刀具基体及靶材清洗
    对真空室进行加热和抽真空,在腔室温度达到400-500℃、真空度为1.50×10-2-2.0×10-2Pa时通入高纯度的Ar气,在Ar气流量为250-300SCCM时保持压强为1.5-2.5Pa,利用Ar离子辉光清洗安装于旋转台上的刀具基体25-40min;
    保持旋转台以2-5rpm的转速旋转,抽真空至10-3Pa时,在刀具基体上加占空比为45-550%、脉冲偏压-1000V,将Ti靶和Al靶通入80-100A的电流进行烧靶,然后将两个AlTi合金靶通入70-90A电流烧靶进行烧靶,完成对靶材的清洗;
    (2)高能钛离子轰击刀具基体
    在脉冲偏压-250至-150V、占空比90%、工作压强0.5-0.8Pa、N2流量180-250SCCM的条件下,在Ti靶通入60-80A电流,在温度380-420℃利用高能金属Ti离子轰击刀具基体3-8min,粗化基体表面;
    (3)沉积TiAlN层
    在Ti金属离子轰击刀具基体后,在脉冲偏压-180至-130V、占空比为90%、工作压强为0.5-0.8Pa、N2流量为220-280SCCM的条件下,Ti靶通 入60-90A电流,沉积15-30min制备得到作为过渡层的TiAlN层;
    (3)沉积功能层
    在脉冲偏压-50V~-200V、占空比为90%、压强1.5Pa~3.0Pa的调节下,对Zr靶通70-90A电流、AlTi合金靶通60A~90A电流,在温度400℃下沉积时间35-50min得到(Ti,Al,Si,Zr)N层。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的具有(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具,其特征在于:
    多弧离子镀设备以磁过滤驱动电源驱动,采用纯度为99.99%的纯Zr靶、纯Ti靶和两个AlTi合金靶,AlTi合金靶中Al原子与Ti原子的比为67:33;
    (Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的具体制备过程如下:
    (1)刀具基体及靶材清洗
    对真空室进行加热和抽真空,在腔室温度达到450℃、真空度为1.52×10-2Pa时通入高纯度的Ar气,在Ar气流量为260SCCM时保持压强为2Pa,利用Ar离子辉光清洗安装于旋转台上的刀具基体30min;
    保持旋转台以3rpm的转速旋转,抽真空至10-3Pa时,在刀具基体上加占空比为50%、脉冲偏压-1000V,将Ti靶和Al靶通入90A的电流进行烧靶,然后将两个AlTi合金靶通入80A电流烧靶进行烧靶,完成对靶材的清洗;
    (2)高能钛离子轰击刀具基体
    在脉冲偏压-200V、占空比90%、工作压强0.6Pa、N2流量200SCCM的条件下,在Ti靶通入70A电流,在温度400℃利用高能金属Ti离子轰击刀具基体5min,粗化基体表面;
    (3)沉积TiAlN层
    在Ti金属离子轰击刀具基体后,在脉冲偏压-150V、占空比为90%、工作压强为0.6Pa、N2流量为250SCCM的条件下,Ti靶通入80A电流,沉积20min制备得到作为过渡层的TiAlN层;
    (3)沉积功能层
    在脉冲偏压-150V、占空比为90%、压强2.0Pa的调节下,对Zr靶通80A电流、AlTi合金靶通80A电流,在温度400℃下沉积时间45min得到(Ti,Al,Si,Zr)N层。
  6. 如权利要求1至5任意一项所述的具有(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具的制备方法,其特征在于:
    包括刀具基体的制备和在刀具基体表面制备(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层;(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层通过多弧离子镀工艺制备而成。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的具有(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的梯度超细硬质合金刀具的制备方法,其特征在于:
    (Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的具体制备过程如下:
    (1)刀具基体及靶材清洗
    对真空室进行加热和抽真空,在腔室温度达到400-500℃、真空度为1.50×10-2-2.0×10-2Pa时通入高纯度的Ar气,在Ar气流量为250-300SCCM时保持压强为1.5-2.5Pa,利用Ar离子辉光清洗安装于旋转台上的刀具基体25-40min;
    保持旋转台以2-5rpm的转速旋转,抽真空至10-3Pa时,在刀具基体上加占空比为45-550%、脉冲偏压-1000V,将Ti靶和Al靶通入80-100A的电流进行烧靶,然后将两个AlTi合金靶通入70-90A电流烧靶进行烧靶,完成对靶材的清洗;
    (2)高能钛离子轰击刀具基体
    在脉冲偏压-250至-150V、占空比90%、工作压强0.5-0.8Pa、N2流量180-250SCCM的条件下,在Ti靶通入60-80A电流,在温度380-420℃利用高能金属Ti离子轰击刀具基体3-8min,粗化基体表面;
    (3)沉积TiAlN层
    在Ti金属离子轰击刀具基体后,在脉冲偏压-180至-130V、占空比为90%、工作压强为0.5-0.8Pa、N2流量为220-280SCCM的条件下,Ti靶通入60-90A电流,沉积15-30min制备得到作为过渡层的TiAlN层;
    (3)沉积功能层
    在脉冲偏压-50V~-200V、占空比为90%、压强1.5Pa~3.0Pa的调节下,对Zr靶通70-90A电流、AlTi合金靶通60A~90A电流,在温度400℃下沉积时间35-50min得到(Ti,Al,Si,Zr)N层。
  8. 一种用于梯度超细硬质合金刀具的(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层,其特征在于:包括用于沉积于刀具基体表面作为过渡层的TiAlN层和和沉积于过渡层上作为功能层的(Ti,Al,Zr)N层。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的用于梯度超细硬质合金刀具的(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层,其特征在于:
    所述功能层的厚度为10-30微米,所述过渡层厚度为0.1-2微米。
  10. 如权利要求8或9所述的(Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元复合涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:
    具体制备过程如下:
    (1)刀具基体及靶材清洗
    对真空室进行加热和抽真空,在腔室温度达到400-500℃、真空度为1.50×10-2-2.0×10-2Pa时通入高纯度的Ar气,在Ar气流量为250-300SCCM时保持压强为1.5-2.5Pa,利用Ar离子辉光清洗安装于旋转台上的刀具基体25-40min;
    保持旋转台以2-5rpm的转速旋转,抽真空至10-3Pa时,在刀具基体上 加占空比为45-550%、脉冲偏压-1000V,将Ti靶和Al靶通入80-100A的电流进行烧靶,然后将两个AlTi合金靶通入70-90A电流烧靶进行烧靶,完成对靶材的清洗;
    (2)高能钛离子轰击刀具基体
    在脉冲偏压-250至-150V、占空比90%、工作压强0.5-0.8Pa、N2流量180-250SCCM的条件下,在Ti靶通入60-80A电流,在温度380-420℃利用高能金属Ti离子轰击刀具基体3-8min,粗化基体表面;
    (3)沉积TiAlN层
    在Ti金属离子轰击刀具基体后,在脉冲偏压-180至-130V、占空比为90%、工作压强为0.5-0.8Pa、N2流量为220-280SCCM的条件下,Ti靶通入60-90A电流,沉积15-30min制备得到作为过渡层的TiAlN层;
    (3)沉积功能层
    在脉冲偏压-50V~-200V、占空比为90%、压强1.5Pa~3.0Pa的调节下,对Zr靶通70-90A电流、AlTi合金靶通60A~90A电流,在温度400℃下沉积时间35-50min得到(Ti,Al,Si,Zr)N层。
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